List of Amendments of The Constitution of India

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List of amendments of the Constitution of India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As of January 2012, there have been 97 amendments to the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.[1]
India
This article is part of the series:
Constitution of India Preamble

PARTS Fundamental Rights PART I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII SCHEDULES First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth APPENDICES I II III IV V AMENDMENTS List 1 10 38 39 42
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No.
Amendments
Enforced since
Objectives To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law
Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376. 18 June Insert articles 31A and 31B. 1951 [2] Insert schedule 9.
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No. 2
Amendments Amend article 81.

[3]
Enforced since
Objectives
A technical amendment to fix the size of each 1 May 1953 parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters. Limits maximum no of seats in lok sabha up to 500.States would be divided into constituencies 22 February such that one member of a constituency will 1955 represent not less than every 750000 people but not more than every 500000 people. 27 April 1955 24 December 1955 11 September 1956 Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution Provide for a consultation mechanism with concerned states in matters relating to the amendments to the territorial matters and in the renaming of the state Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes
Amend schedule 7.[4]
Amend articles 31, 35 band 305. Amend schedule 9.[5] Amend article 3.[6]
Amend articles 269 and 286. Amend schedule 7.[7]
Amend articles 1, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, 232. 1 November abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 1956 introduction of Union Territories 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A. Amend part 8. Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.[8] Amend article 334.[9] 5 January 1960 28 December 1960 11 August 1961 Clarify state's power of compulsory acquisition and requisitioning of private property and include Zamindari abolishion laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc. Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal
10
Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1.[11]
11
Amend articles 66 and 71.
[12]
19 December 1961
12
20 December 1961
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No. 13
Amendments Amend part 21.[14] Amend articles 81 and 240. Insert article 239A. Amend schedules 1 and 4.[15]
Enforced since
Objectives
1 December Formation of State of Nagaland, with special 1963 protection under Article 371A 28 December 1962 Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc. Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligtory templates To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgement invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh Include Sindhi as an Official Language Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1980
14
15
Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316. 5 October Insert article 224A. 1963 [16] Amend schedule 7. Amend articles 19, 84 and 173. Amend schedule 3.[17] Amend article 31A. Amend schedule 9.[18] Amend article 3.
[19]
16
5 October 1963 20 June 1964 27 August 1966 11 December 1966
17
18
19
Amend article 324.[20]
20
Insert article 233A.
[21]
22 December 1966
21 22
10 April 1967
25 Amend article 275. September Insert articles 244A and 371B.[23] 1969 Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.[24] Amend articles 13 and 368.[25] Amend article 31. Insert article 31C.[26] Amend article 366. Insert article 363A. Remove articles 291 and 362.[27] 23 January 1970
23
24 25
5 November Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights 1971 through amendments to the constitution 20 April 1972 28 December 1971 Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic
26
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No. 27
Amendments Amend articles 239A and 240. Insert articles 239B and 371C.[28] Insert article 312A. Remove article 314.[29] Amend schedule 9.[30] Amend article 133.
[31]
Enforced since
Objectives
Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union 15 February Territory with a legislature and council of 1972 ministers 29 August 1972 9 June 1972 Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post independence Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
28 29 30
Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court 27 February of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria 1973 to one involving substantial question of law 17 October 1973 Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise Protection of regional rights in Telengana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker
31
Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.[32] Amend article 371. Insert articles 371D and 371E. Amend schedule 7.[33] Amend articles 101 and 190.[34]
32
1 July 1974
33
19 May 1974
34
Amend schedule 9.[35] Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 2A. Insert schedule 10.[36] Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 371F. Remove article 2A. Amend schedules 1 and 4. Remove schedule 10.[37] Amend articles 239A and 240.[38] Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.[39] Amend articles 71 and 329. Insert article 329A. Amend schedule 9.[40]
7 September Place land reform acts and amendments to these 1974 act under Schedule 9 of the constitution 1 March 1975 Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India
35
36
26 April 1975
Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union
37 38
3 May 1975 1 August 1975
Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India
39
10 August 1975
40
27 May 1976
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No.
Amendments
Enforced since
Objectives Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
41
Amend article 316.
[42]
Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and 7 September Members of Union and State Public 1976 Commissions from sixty to sixty two.
42
Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 1 April 1977 and 371F. Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A. Insert parts 4A and 14A. Amend schedule 7.[43] Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366. Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.[44] 13 April 1978
Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic
43
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42
44
Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 6 September 358, 359, 360 and 371F. 1979 Insert articles 134A and 361A. Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A. Amend part 12. Amend schedule 9.[45] Amend article 334.[46] Amend articles 269, 286 and 366. Amend schedule 7.[47] Amend schedule 9.[48] Amend article 356.[49] Amend article 244. Amend schedules 5 and 6.[50] 25 January 1980 2 February 1983 26 August 1984 1 April 1985 11 September 1984
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42
45
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1990 Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council
46 47 48 49
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No.
Amendments
Enforced since 11 September 1984 16 June 1986 1 March 1985
Objectives Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other
50
51
Amend articles 330 and 332.
[52]
52
Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191. Insert schedule 10.[53] Insert article 371G.[54] Amend articles 125 and 221. Amend schedule 2.[55] Insert article 371H.[56] Insert article 371I.[57] Amend article 332.
[58]
53
20 February Special provision with respect to the State of 1987 Mizoram. Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining 1 April 1986 future increases without the need for constitutional amendment 20 February Special powers to Governor consequent to 1987 formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh 30 May 1987 21 September 1987 Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies
54
55 56 57
58
Insert article 394A. Amend part 22.[59]
Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation 9 December of constitution as on date and provision to 1987 publish authentic Hindi translation of future amendments 30 March 1988 20 December 1988 28 March 1989 20 December 1989 6 January 1990 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab Profession Tax increased from a maximum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18 Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2000 Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed
59
Amend article 356. Insert article 359A.[60]
60 61
Amend article 276.
[61]
62
63
Amend article 356. Remove article 359A.[64]
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No. 64
Amendments Amend article 356.

[65]
Enforced since 16 April 1990 12 March 1990 7 June 1990 4 October 1990 12 March 1991 1 February 1992 21
Objectives Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its stututory powers specifed in The Constitution. Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of Punjab To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as Official Languages
65 66 67 68 69
Amend article 338.
[66]
Amend schedule 9.[67] Amend article 356.[68] Amend article 356.[69] Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.[70]
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
Amend articles 54 and 239AA.[71] December 1991 Amend schedule 8.[72] Amend article 332.[73] Insert part 9.[74] Insert part 9A.
[75]
31 August 1992
5 December Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in 1992 Tripura State Legislative Assembly 24 April 1993 Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages
Statutory provisions for Local Administrative 1 June 1993 bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities 15 May 1994 31 August 1994 17 June 1995 30 August 1995 25 January 2000 Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2010
Amend article 323B.[76] Amend schedule 9.

[77]
Amend article 16.[78] Amend schedule 9.[79]
79
80
Amend articles 269 and 270. Remove article 272.[81]
Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to simplify the tax structures by 9 June 2000 pooling and sharing all taxes between states and The Centre
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No. 81 82 83 84 85 86
Amendments Amend article 16.[82] Amend article 335.

[83]
Enforced since 9 June 2000
Objectives Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies
Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other 8 September criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST 2000 candidates 8 September Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for 2000 Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions Extend the usage of 1991 national census 21 February population figures for statewise distribution of 2002 parliamentary seats 4 January 2002 12 December 2002 22 June 2003 15 January 2004 28 September 2003 28 September 2003 1 January 2004 7 January 2004 20 January 2006 12 June 2006 25 January 2010 23 September 2011 A technical amendment to protect seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST Employees Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six Extend the usage of 2001 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws Enable Levy of Service Tax & Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Maithali as Official Languages To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkand and Chattisgarh States To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Sixty years to Seventy years Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya"
Amend article 243M.[84] Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 and 332.[85] Amend article 16.[86] Amend articles 45 and 51A. Insert article 21A.[87] Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.[88] Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedule 7.[89] Amend article 338. Insert article 338A.[90]
87
88
89
90
Amend article 332.[91] Amend articles 75 and 164. Insert article 361B. Amend schedule 10.[92] Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedules 7 and 8.[93] Amend article 15.[94] Amend article 164.[95] Amend article 334.
[96]
91
92
93 94 95
96
Amend schedule 8.
[97]
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No.
Amendments
Enforced since
Objectives Added the words "or co-operative societies" after the word "or unions" in Article 19(l)(c) and insertion of article 43B i.e., Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e., The Co-operative Societies.
97
Amend Art 19 and added Part IXB.[98]
12 January 2012
The amendment objective is to encourage economic activities of cooperatives which in turn help progress of rural India. It is expected to not only ensure autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives, but also the accountability of the management to the members and other stakeholders.[99]
References
1. ^ "The Constitution Amendment Acts" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/coifiles/amendment.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/coifiles/amendment.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 2. ^ "First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend1.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend1.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 3. ^ "Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend2.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend2.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 4. ^ "Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend3.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend3.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 5. ^ "Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend4.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend4.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 6. ^ "Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend5.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1955-12-24. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend5.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 7. ^ "Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend6.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1956-09-11. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend6.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 8. ^ "Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend7.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend7.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 9. ^ "Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend8.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend8.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 10. ^ "Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend9.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend9.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 11. ^ "Tenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend10.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend10.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 12. ^ "Eleventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend11.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend11.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 13. ^ "Twelfth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend12.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend12.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 14. ^ "Thirteenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend13.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1962-12-28. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend13.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 15. ^ "Fourteenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend14.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend14.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 16. ^ "Fifteenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend15.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend15.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 17. ^ "Sixteenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend16.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend16.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 18. ^ "Seventeenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend17.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend17.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
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19. ^ "Eighteenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend18.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend18.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 20. ^ "Nineteenth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend19.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend19.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 21. ^ "Twentieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend20.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend20.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 22. ^ "Twenty First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend21.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend21.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 23. ^ "Twenty Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend22.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend22.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 24. ^ "Twenty Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend23.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1970-01-23. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend23.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 25. ^ "Twenty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend24.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1971-11-05. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend24.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 26. ^ "Twenty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend25.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1972-04-20. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend25.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 27. ^ "Twenty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend26.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1971-12-28. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend26.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 28. ^ "Twenty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend27.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1971-12-30. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend27.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 29. ^ "Twenty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend28.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1972-08-27. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend28.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 30. ^ "Twenty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend29.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend29.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 31. ^ "Thirtieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend30.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend30.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 32. ^ "Thirty First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend31.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend31.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 33. ^ "Thirty Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend32.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend32.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 34. ^ "Thirty Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend33.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend33.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 35. ^ "Thirty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend34.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend34.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 36. ^ "Thirty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend35.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend35.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 37. ^ "Thirty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend36.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend36.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 38. ^ "Thirty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend37.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend37.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 39. ^ "Thirty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend38.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend38.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 40. ^ "Thirty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend39.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend39.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 41. ^ "Fortieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend40.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend40.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 42. ^ "Forty First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend41.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend41.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 43. ^ "Forty Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend42.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend42.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 44. ^ "Forty Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend43.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend43.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 45. ^ "Forty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend44.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend44.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 46. ^ "Forty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend45.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend45.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 47. ^ "Forty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend46.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend46.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 48. ^ "Forty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend47.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in.
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http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend47.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 49. ^ "Forty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend48.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend48.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 50. ^ "Forty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend49.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend49.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 51. ^ "Fiftieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend50.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1984-08-18. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend50.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 52. ^ "Fifty First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend51.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend51.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 53. ^ "Fifty Nine Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend52.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend52.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 54. ^ "Fifty Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend53.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend53.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 55. ^ "Fifty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend54.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend54.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 56. ^ "Fifty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend55.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend55.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 57. ^ "Fifty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend56.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend56.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 58. ^ "Fifty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend57.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend57.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 59. ^ "Fifty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend58.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend58.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 60. ^ "Fifty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend59.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend59.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 61. ^ "Sixtieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend60.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend60.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 62. ^ "Sixty First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend61.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend61.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 63. ^ "Sixty Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend62.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend62.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 64. ^ "Sixty Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend63.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend63.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 65. ^ "Sixty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend64.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend64.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 66. ^ "Sixty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend65.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend65.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 67. ^ "Sixty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend66.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend66.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 68. ^ "Sixty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend67.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend67.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 69. ^ "Sixty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend68.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend68.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 70. ^ "Sixty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend69.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend69.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 71. ^ "Seventieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend70.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend70.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 72. ^ "Seventy First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend71.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend71.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 73. ^ "Seventy Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend72.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend72.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 74. ^ "Seventy Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 75. ^ "Seventy Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend74.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend74.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 76. ^ "Seventy Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend75.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend75.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 77. ^ "Seventy Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend76.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend76.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
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78. ^ "Seventy Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend77.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend77.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 79. ^ "Seventy Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend78.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend78.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 80. ^ "Seventy Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend79.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1999-10-21. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend79.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 81. ^ "Eightieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend80.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend80.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 82. ^ "Eighty First Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend81.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 1997-08-29. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend81.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 83. ^ "Eighty Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend82.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend82.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 84. ^ "Eighty Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend83.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend83.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 85. ^ "Eighty Fourth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend84.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend84.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 86. ^ "Eighty Fifth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend85.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 2002-01-04. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend85.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 87. ^ "Eighty Sixth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend86.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 2002-12-12. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend86.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 88. ^ "Eighty Seventh Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend87.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend87.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 89. ^ "Eighty Eighth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend88.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-01-15. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend88.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 90. ^ "Eighty Ninth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend89.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 2003-09-28. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend89.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 91. ^ "Ninetieth Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend90.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-09-28. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend90.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 92. ^ "Ninety First Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend91.pdf) (PDF). http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend91.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 93. ^ "Ninety Second Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend92.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-01-07. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend92.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 94. ^ "Ninety Third Amendment" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend93.htm) . Indiacode.nic.in. 2006-01-20. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend93.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 95. ^ "Ninety Fourth Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend94.pdf) (PDF). http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend94.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-19. 96. ^ "Ninety Fifth Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend95.pdf) (PDF). http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend95.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-27. 97. ^ "Ninety Sixth Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend96.pdf) (PDF). http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend96.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-27. 98. ^ "Ninety Seventh Amendment (pdf)" (http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend97.pdf) (PDF). http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend97.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-27. 99. ^ "Ninety Seventh Amendment (PIB)" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=81715) . http://pib.nic.in /newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=81715.
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