1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Church of Rome Irenaeus Deacons Bishops Apostolic Succession Petrine Theory Roman Catholic Church Pope Pope Leo I Pope Gelasius I

place that churches looked to for leadership because of its location declared that every church must agree with the church of Rome servant overseer; superintendent Christ appointed the apostles; apostles appointed bishops Christ founded His church upon Peter; Christ made Peter visible head; Peter transmitted this power to his successors thought that it was supreme over all churches father extended the prestige of the papacy after he persuaded Attila the Hun and the Vandals not to attack Rome issued famous doctrine of the two swords separating civil and ecclesiastical authority and making pope and bishops supreme over all human rulers in matters relating to God the first medieval pope means of grace cut off from the church a belief that the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper actually became the body and the blood of Christ in the hands of a priest remains or artifacts deceased Christians officially recognized by the church as holy because of martyrdom, miracles, and other merits certificates from the pope that excused a person from doing penance and shortened the required stay in purgatory a place of fire where the souls of penitent sinners remained after death to be purged of sin and rendered fir for Heaven a Latin translation completed by the church leader Jerome gave the English people the Bible in their own tongue by translating it from Latin to English translated the Bible for the people of the Alps frobade anyone except a clergyman to possess a copy of the Bible except for the Psalms and the lessons of Scripture in the breviary the service and worship book of the church withdrawing from society to live in solitude solitary men solitary women earliest monks that lived in the wilderness

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10.

11. 12. 13. 14.

Gregory I Sacraments Excommunicated Transubstantiation Relics Saints Indulgences Purgatory Vulgate John Wycliffe Peter Waldo Council of Toulouse Breviary Monasticism Monks Nuns Hermits

15. 16.

17.

18.

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23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

Celibacy Simeon Stylites Monasteris Convents Benedict Abbot Friars Franciscans and Dominicans Franks Clovis Merovingian Mayor of the Palace Charles Martel Moors Battle of Tours Pepin the Short Carolingian Charlemagne missi dominici Treaty of Verdun Otto the Great

abstinence from marriage perched alone for 37 years atop a stone pillar religious communities isolated from the rest of society monasteries for nuns an Italian monk who founded a monastery at Monte Cassino in southern Italy head of the monastery like other monks except that they preached and did missionary work outside the monastaries two most prominent orders of friars founded by St. Francis and St. Dominic most dominant Germanic tribe after the fall of Rome first great Frankish military and political leader Clovis's line of kings the chief official of the royal household most famous Mayor of the Palace; restored the unity of the Frankish Empire Muslims that invaded Spain in 711 defeat of Muslims by the Franks in 732 son of Charles and strong Mayor of the Palace Pepin's line of kings greatest of the Carolingian kings; Charles the Great; Charles Augustus, Emperor of the Romans the king's envoy divided the empire into three parts; set the stage for the formation of the modern nations of France and Germany known so for his many victories

33. 34.

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36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

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48.