Solar Book-Team

[group solar]
JEFFREY JIANG YOUNG HUN KIM LILY PAN

pROJECTS
1. eLeVATION OFFICe - WORK 2. FIT FOR THe NeW CITY - PLAY 3. sOL ResIdeNCe - LIVe
RESEARCH TOpIC
sOLAR
FUTURE CHRISTCHURCH / CAMIA YOUNG / JORDON SAUNDERS
COURSE
TUTOR
ASSISTANT TUTOR
pROJECT DESCRIpTION
The Garden City plan that Christchurch was founded on and the recently proposed CCdU blueprint is similar in that they are based on the idea of separation. The Garden City separated green from city and the CCdU separates various urban activities into precincts. These planned distinct areas and hence planned separation, further separates, and discourages chance happening and occurrence, the diverse and simultaneous events of an urban fabric. In my strategy Im proposing to take one block and allow for multiple programmes, allowing to prototype not only the individual function but also shared spaces. The Innovation Office fulfills the work component of the city. Office buildings encourage the return and growth of workers and businesses in the city. This building in particular fosters New Zealands small and medium enterprises, particularly in IT, a high value industry. Offices often require large open plan spaces, allowing for flexibility. These generic spaces produce nonspace. Current technology allows for greater flexibility for workers, which means they are not bound to their desk nor even to the office, an employee has the ability to work almost anywhere on portable devices. In the IT workplace there is a need for collaboration at times and privacy at others. especially with present technology one can work in any space, however the office still plays a vital role in fostering and creating spaces for physical meeting and collaboration.With a high priority for these collaborative shared spaces, these spaces are defined and fixed, facilitated by column spacing. The remaining open plan can be used for flexible offices. The plan allows for individual spaces when needed through the use of sweeping curtains, and in some instances there are fixed enclosed spaces that can be used for private meetings or conversations.
Group Solar
Jeffrey | Young | Lily
pROJECT DESCRIpTION
What: There are three sides to the rebuild of the Christchurch CBd: the Government, Business owners, and Landowners. The latter has the least impact or influence on the CCDU plan, but it is what makes Christchurch, what it is today. After the initial release of the new city plan from a 3 minute video clip, the citizens were joyous of the fact that a city will be built at world class standards. With little to no actions over the 2 year period, people have become desperate to receive any kind of solution and it seems like the citizens have just gotten that. That was just the problem, the main issue was being sugar coated and the plan just became a contribution to the bigger issue. Situation: The demolition of the city created a perfect opportunity to design a city that could address problems all cities are facing; however with closer look at the nature of zoning, connecting people to the city and city to the people was inherently irrelevant in the proposal. It is arguable that a more compact center would create more vibrant and richer city, but capitalizing just on that fact with our back towards the numerous issues that comes along with it is too much a risk for the city. For example, insurance payout on damaged property is substantially lower than the land price in the new compacted core. This being said, there is a market just for the sake of being in the core, where small or local businesses are inevitably shut down; becoming detrimental to the social welfare of Christchurch, and consequently making the plan market-driven. Our/Alternate proposal: Green belt being the choker of CCdU plan, created a perfect opportunity for our stand in the argument where our proposal could be situated to accommodate both inner and outer core. Group solar takes a more discreet approach and address the main issues of the current state of Christchurch as a typological composition Live, Work, and Play. Live: Temporary and Permanent housing for workers around the site. Work: Office that attract business opportunities. Play: Revitalizing the well-being of future Christchurch. Our view of an alternate solution centres on Christchurch and its people. Not so much of a long term plan that may become obsolete, like fixation of the central city through zoning, but to bring everything in closer proximity, because it is too risky to leave all up for chance when there are so many options to consider.
Group Solar
pROJECT DESCRIpTION
The new CCdU plan shows precincts dedicated to different types of function. But does the new city plan for Christchurch need to be zoned this way? Or zoned at all? Our proposal is for a small self-sustaining city block that joins work play and live. The idea is to plant this prototype then allow it to grow and spread throughout the city. The work play live scheme allows people to access all three within walking distance from destination to destination. These three functions have been connected together with green paths that cut across the site and multifunctional blocks that overlap the different functions. Our site is located within the green belt. The green belt reinforces the Christchurch reputation of being the Garden City. But instead of just a green empty piece of land, our proposal is for architecture and green to have a symbiotic relationship. The building masses within the block were derived from solar analysis and the many solar studies. The forms have been morphed and angled to optimize solar access on its surface. The building form is cut in the middle to create a central garden to bring more light into the middle of thebuilding, and to connect to the green path. The rebuilding of Christchurch has opened up many job opportunities, many workers throughout NZ are moving into Christchurch to be a part of the rebuild. Christchurch city has many suburban 3 bedroom housing, but there is not enough accommodation for single housing, or temporary housing. My project will be housing for the workers who are planning to stay temporarily in Christchurch, or are planning to buy a larger home in Christchurch, but need a temporary place to stay. My residential apartment block consists of 1 bedroom and 2 bedroom apartments, with two public living areas on each floor.
Group Solar
pT 1: RESEARCH
MACRO ClIMATE
Average Annual Total no. of Hours of Bright Sunshine Hours 2600 2500 2400 2300 2200 2100 Hours >3000 3000-2000 2000-1000 1000-500 <500 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500
Hours 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 January May
June
FACTORS EFFECTINg SuNlIgHT INTERCEpTION
April
March
Febraury
Mean daily Bright sunshine (based on historic average)

December
Global Average Annual Total no. of Hours of Bright sunshine Mean Annual sunshine Hours Mean Annual Temperature Mean Annual Rainfall
1400
November
June 2012
solar energy is available world-wide as a global resource. All energy on earth originates from the sun. solar energy potentially has a very large context and braod coverage. And is seen to affect weather patterns. Bright sunshine Anomaly Temperature ( C)
<2
May 2012
April 2012
Observed daily Average Bright sunshine
Hours 9 8
March 2012
7 6
Febraury 2012
5 4
Annual Rainfall (mm)

< 500 500 - 750 750 - 1000 1000 - 1250 1250 - 1500 1500 - 2000 2000 - 4000 4000 - 10000
125 115 105 100 95 85 November 2011 December 2011 January 2012
sunshine (hours)
900 - 1400 1400 - 1600 1600 - 1800 1800 - 2000 2000 - 2200 2200 - 2600 0 50 100 200 300 400
2.1 - 4 4.1 - 6 6.1 - 8 8.1 - 10 10.1 - 12 12.1 - 14 14.1 - 16 16.1 - 18 Kilometres
3 2 1
500
for years 1971 - 2000
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Mean Anual Solar Radiation
Mean Anual Temperature
MICRO ClIMATE
SOlAR RADIATION
Mean Min. Temperature of the coldest month
Winter Solar Radiation
Mean Anual Solar Radiation - MJ/m2/day

13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 14 14.1
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Solar energy is made useful to plants through the exposure of the plant to solar radiation. A canopy is affected by four factors that determines the amount of sunlight that willl penetrate through the plant canopy.
CAlCulATINg SuNlIgHT THROugH CANOpIES
FACTORS EFFECTINg SuNlIgHT INTERCEpTION

Leaf Shapes Catalogue
P() = exp[-K() ()Lt /cos()]

0.0
The probability P(q) of a direct beam penetrating a plant canopy at a zenith angle of q, assuming azimuthal symmetry K(q) is the fraction of foliage projected in direction q W(q) is the Total nonrandomness correction factor including needles clumped on individual conifer shoots and the clumping of branches and shoots on tree crowns Lt is Total hemi-surface area of all foliage per unit ground surface area in canopy 1. Crown diameter 2. Crown depth Crown depth, defined as the vertical distance between the top of the crown and the lowest living foliage
linear
oblong
rhombic
lanceolate
ovate
elliptic
obovate
cuneate
1.7
()Lt =
Le() e() e
Indirect measure of hemi-surface area index of all foliage (leaves, shoots, ranches, stems) in a canopy; half the total surface area of all foliage per unit ground surface area. Referred to as the effective LAI
spatulate
oblanceolate
orbicular
reniform
3. stem density
4. Foliage density Zenith gap fraction partitioned into between-crown and within-crown components
cordate
deltoid
hastate
sagittate Breakdown into simplified shapes
2.4
()
5.2
We(q)is the element clumping index quantifying the effect of foliage clumping at scales larger than individual leaves or shoots.
round
square
triangle
ge is the within-shoot clumping factor accounting for the clumping of needles on shoots; defined as 1/2 total needle surface area to 1/2 total shoot envelope surface area
= fgap,c(0) / fc
F is crown porosity, the within-crown gap faction fgap,c(0) is the Canopy gap fraction contribution from within-crown gaps estimated with a zenith view angle fc is the Fractional area coverage of crowns; m2 crown silhouette area per m2 ground area obtained with projection of a crown from nadir
b
1
/2 f
1
c e**
1
/2 e
/2 c
/2 f
inverted triangle
ellipsis * c 2a d is max. width
lobe ** e a
e() = a0 + a1 fc + a2 + a3 fc + a4 fc2 + a52 + a62 ( fc) + a7( fc)2 + a8 fc3 + a93.

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HElIOTROpISM
HElIOTROpISM - THE MECHANISM
diaheliotropism: (n) A tendency of leaves or other organs of plants to have their dorsal surface faced towards the rays of light.
7:00 AM
Pre-stimulus
stimulus
Post-stimulus
epidermis Cortex
4:00 PM
Vein
K+
Flexor
Extensor
Flexor
K+
Extensor
K+ K+
dumping of potassium & Movement of water
Potassium diffusion & Uptake of water
SECTION AA
- Turgid Cell (High Pressure)
5:00 PM
heliotropism: (n) The directional growth of a plant in response to sunlight.
K+
- Flaccid Cell (Low Pressure) - Potassium ions
Movement
Apparent movement of the leaf detected during the day when the sun moves from east to west.
Cellular Structure
Mechanism that allows movement is called Pulvinus and is plants equivalent to muscle. The structure Consists of Epidermis, Cortex, and Vein. Cortex is broken down to two sides. Flexor and Extensor, each at left to right respectively.
Abstraction / Section
Leaves that fold upwards when closing at night has the extensor cells in the uppermost part of the pulvinus. Leaves that fold downwards when closing has the extensor cells in the lower part of the pulvinus.
pulvinus Explained
Definition: Botany . a cushionlike swelling at the base of a leaf or leaflet, at the point of junction with the axis. This swelling or shrinkage is caused by movement of water from flexor cells to extensor cells, and vice versa. This process is called osmosis, where the water always travel from an area of high pressure to area of low pressure. But because of potential difference, one can guess that pressure of water would would come to a halt if both sides reached 50/50. Another factor that influences water movement are potassium ions. From stimulus, potassium is pumped out from flexor and by osmosis, extensors water potential becomes lower. Because water travels from high to low, flexor becomes flaccid and extensor turgid causing force to be exerted.
[Records at random intervals]
[Logintudinal section]
[Transverse section]
Once finished, the potassium diffuses into the stems to activate other pulvinus to release their potassium.
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CHRISTCHuRCH SuNRISE AND SuNSET TIMES

September January February March April October November December
Sunrise and Sunset hours throughout one year in Christchurch

HOURS
May
June
July
August
SUNRISE SUNSET
WEEKS
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CHRISTCHuRCH SuN pATH DIAgRAM

Christchurch Jan - June Christchurch July - dec
lIgHT REFlECTANCy ON SuRFACES
60
direction of beams
light on a surface
JUNE 22 MAY 22 APRIL 22 JUNE 22 JULY 22 AUG 22
40
Illuminance is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the direction of the incident angle and a line at 90 degrees to the surface. E cos
MARCH 22 FEB 22 JAN 22 DEC 22 3 4 5 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 5 7 6 4
SEP 22 OCT 22 NOV 22 DEC 22 2 3
20
Equator
angle of incidence Illuminance is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from source to surface
12
11 10 9 8 7
illuminance on surface
E 1 / ww^2
parabolic mirror
6
-20
Ideal surface
8 5 8 5
Approximates to Polished metal; surface-silvered mirror
Luminance and colour depend on The luminance and colour of what is seen in reection; this varies with direction of view
Eect of increasing angle of incidence of light Increased reectance
-40
Christchurch
Specular
-60
Sun path diagrams

Waldram principle : Flat projection on plan of the complete hemisphere. This method of projection is particularly suited to estimate the heat radiation on vertical surfaces.
Lambertian
Specular reflection
Lambertian reflection (diffuse)
Blotting paper; woollen cloth; earth
The illuminance and colour of the surface; equally bright in every direction of view
Decreased illuminance; enhanced visibility of texture as angle between light and beam and view angle increases Increased shininess, dilution of pigment colour
Surfaces and the nature of reflections

The amount of inter reflected light in any enclosure depends on three factors: 1. The amount of light entering the enclosure 2. The surface area of the enclosing surfaces 3. Their reflectance
Compound: transparent layer over pigmented surface
Picture under glass; gloss paint; water
A combination of the two above; dependent on angle of view
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MATERIAl REFlECTANCy
DAylIgHT IN A ROOM
2h
5h
Daylight decays exponentially with room depth, so the building form should be reasonably shallow.
Maximum depth of a room for beneficial daylight with windows on one side only is twice the height of the room.
Maximum depth of a room with windows on opposite sides is five times the height of the room.
Mirror
Surface scattering (reflector matt)
Volume scattering (e.g. white)
Retro reflection
louvres
external horizontal louvres
Horizontal louvres are used in the north facing windows. Exterior louvres are usually made of galvanised steel, anodised or painted aluminium or plastic for high durability and low maintenance. Louvres may obstruct, absorb, reflect and or transmit solar radiation. Horizontal blinds in a horizontal position can receive light from the sun sky and ground. Upward tilted slats transmit light primarily from the ground surface.
external overhang
Fixed systems are usually designed for solar shading, but could reduce day lighting. Operable systems can be used to control thermal gains and protect against glare and redirect daylight, operable systems need to be fully or partially retracted to operate optimally and according to outdoor conditions. A constantly moving louvre system that changes as the sun angle changes throughout the day. Internal blinds are generally movable, but creates more overheating in the room compared to external blinds. They are easily maintained and reduce glare.
Window glass
Opal or ground glass
Opaque or obscured glass
Retro prisms
internal blinds
The surface characteristics of the transparent and reflecting materials determine the type of reflection or transmittance. Reflected light can either be directed or scattered. Similarly, the transmitted light is directed or scattered. The result is often a combination of reflection and transmittance since both types of reflection and transmittance occur in conjunction. Retro- reflecting elements and their properties play an important role in day lighting technology. These elements are retro- reflecting materials or reflectors that reflect the incident light; preferably back in the direction of incidence. In day lighting technology, reflectors are generally preferred, mirrors with specific geometries or prisms that utilize the principle of total reflection in the medium with greater optimal density. 22
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external vertical louvres
Vertical louvres are usually used in the east and west facing windows, because they do not protect well from high angle sun. They can be motorized for optimum shading.
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lIgHT SHElF
Summer - high angle sun
Projecting light-shelves guide daylight through the upper facade into the interior, protecting the lower window area from the high summer sun.
Interior light-shelves offer better protection against low sunlight entering through fanlight areas. However, in summer, incident heat is trapped in the room interior
Winter - low angle
Low- angled winter sun is able to penetrate easily through fanlight areas. An additional shading device is necessary for lower window areas when the sun is low.
In both winter and summer, the lower window area should be protected by additional shading.
The light guiding shade system consists of a diffusing glass aperture and two reflectors designed to direct the diffuse light from the aperture into a building at angles within a specified angular range. Usually the angular range of light distribution in the building is designed to extend from horizontal up to an elevation of about 60 degrees. Highly reflective material such as a bright finished aluminium must be used for its inner surfaces. The objective of the light guiding shade is to avoid glare and direct sunlight, and to direct light deep into a room.
Anidolic Ceilings are designed for side lighting of nonresidential buildings. Anidolic optical elements are placed on both ends of the light duct. On the outside, an anidolic optical concentrator captures and concentrates diffuse light from the upper area of the sky vault, which is typically the brightest area in overcast skies, and efficiently introduces the rays into the duct. The parabolic reflector distributes the light downward. The daylight is transported deeper into the room by multiple specular reflectors lining the duct.
Light shelves should be designed specifically for each window orientation, room configuration, and latitude. They can be applied in climates with significant direct sunlight and are applicable in deep spaces on a north orientation in the southern hemisphere. Light shelves do not perform as well on the east and the west orientation and in climates dominated by overcast sky conditions. For north facing facades, it is recommended that the depth of an internal light shelf be roughly equal to the height of the celestory window above the shelf. An exterior light shelf creates a parallel movement of shaded area towards the window facade, which reduces the daylight levels near the window and improves daylight uniformity. The recommended depth of an external light shelf is roughly equal to its own height above the work plane. Glazing height and light shelf depth should be selected based on the specifics of latitude and climate. 24
Group Solar
At low latitudes, the depth of the internal light shelves can be extended to block direct sunlight coming through the clerestory. At higher latitudes and with west and east facing rooms, a light shelf may let some direct sunlight (low solar elevations) penetrate the interior. Tilting the shelf downwards will reduce the amount of light reflected to the ceiling. Upward tilt will improve penetration of reflected daylight and reduce shading effects. The ceiling reflects the light by having a smooth surface finish, and perhaps slope. The penetration of light from a light shelf system depends on the ceiling slope. A gable typed ceiling that slopes upwards from the window towards the centre of the building will dramatically increase the depth to which light is reflected into the space.
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Sky lIgHTS
COOL
1:1
SuN ANglES EFFECTS ON ORIENTATION AND FORM

The roof should be adapted to the low angles of solar incidence in winter. Arcades should ideally be north- south orientated. Arcades running east - west are to be avoided since the sunlight cannot penetrate the arcade space., Whereas the upper level of the northern facade is quickly overheated. With a north south orientation, even the low lying winter sun has the chance to fully illuminate the arcade space.
Angular selective transmission

This system transmits more low elevation light and less high elevation light. Normally, a diffusing panel is used at the ceiling aperture. Useful tilt angles range between 45 and 55 for the tropics and sub tropics. Tilt angles of 25 and 35 are used for low elevation light. Function of an angular selective skylight is to provide relatively constant irradiance to the interior during the day and to reduce the tendency to overheat the building on summer days. This type of skylight enhances low elevation input and rejects high elevation input.
TEMPERATE
1:1.6
ARID
1:2
TROPICAL
1:3 x:y
x y
When x > 6m, mechanical ventilation is necessary
Y = solar Altitude angle = Azimuth difference e = Vertical shadow angle tan E = tan Y x Sec Altitude and Azimuth of sun The Anidolic Zenithal is used to collect diffuse daylight from a large portion of the sky vault without allowing sun penetration. This form of sky lighting system is best utilized to provide daylight to single storey buildings, atrium spaces or the upper floor of multi- storey buildings. The optical design of the device offers efficient protection against direct solar radiation transmission throughout the year without use of movable parts. Also overheating from the sun penetration is prevented. It is good for glare control and improved visual comfort than conventional skylights. Altitude - angle the suns rays make with the horizontal. The suns altitude is zero during sunset.
east west orientation
North south orientation
Azimuth- compass direction
Light coloured and reflective facade surfaces in courtyards are espcially recommended, when-ever possible, parapet sections are mirrored so that the courtyard can act as a light conductor
Courtyard as light conductor 26

Group Solar Jeffrey | Young | Lily
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pT 2: FORMAl INVESTIgATION
CANOpy pHOTOgRApHS
tree canopies were directly analysed through photographs
HEIgHT SAMplINg
a flat image is processed and multiplied with its brightness value to generate a 3d caonpy
puriri
totara
brightness analysis
curves displaced vertically finding curve centres
rewarewa
outlines of foliage
overlay brightness value with curves
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CREATINg VOluME
curves were selected that lay in proximity to each other in the vertical plane. an attempt to extract the spatial character of light felt standing underneath a canopy.
DIgITAl CANOpy
a collection of volumes that create the digital canopy
plan from sample of 10% of total curves 6 points in proximity are selected curves are lofted to form solid
perspective in lofted volumes
elevation from sample of 10% of total curves
elevation
plan
elevation
plan
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3D pRINTED STuDIES
a sample of curves
CANOpy EXAMplES
canopies created from different photographs
plan
elevation puriri
isometric
from sides
plan
isometric totara elevation
view at zenith angle
plan
isometric rewarewa elevation
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FORMAl pRINCIplES
principles which affect the canopy produced
height distribution
size
plan
plan
shape
proximity
plan plan
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light Filters
1 on 2 off
Hole diametre No. of holes Openness
3mm 421 37.89%
5mm 177 44.24%
9mm 52 42.12%
13mm 21 35.49%
20mm 9 35.99%
1 on 0 off
1 on 3 off
1 on 1 off
lIgHT FIlTRATION TEST
Testing the behaviour of light going through layers of perforation. The variables are the density, openness per sheet, height between layers, and radius of circles. Exploiting possible language / occurances that can be formulated for the generation of design concept.
1 on all off 1 on
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2 on 2 off
1 on 1 off [angled]
3 on 3 off
1 on 2 off [angled]
1 on 0 off [angled]
1 on 3 off [angled]
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Zigzag (1)
1 on all off 1 on [angled]
Zigzag (2)
2 on 2 off [angled]
Zigzag (3)
3 on 3 off [angled]
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RElATOINSHIp BETWEEN SHADOW AND OBJECT ORIENTATION
SOlAR RAyS AND ANglES THROugHOuT THE DAy
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
9am
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plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
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SOlAR RAyS REACTION TO DIFFERENT ANglES
Winter
Summer
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
9am
plan
9am
section
9am
plan
9am
section
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
9am
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plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
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SOlAR RAyS REACTION TO DIFFERENT ANglES
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
9am
plan
9am
section
9am
plan
9am
section
9am
plan
9am
section
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
4pm
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plan
4pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section 4pm plan 4pm section 4pm plan 4pm section
CONTROlINg pOINTS ON A CuBE TO OpTIMIzE SuN ANglES
(x,y,z) (0,10,10)
(x,y,z) (10,10,10)
Winter
Summer
(x,y,z) (0,0,10)
(x,y,z) (10,0,10)
(x,y,z) (0,10,0)
(x,y,z) (10,10,0)
(x,y,z) (0,0,0)
(x,y,z) (10,0,0)
9am
plan
9am
section
9am
plan
9am
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
12:30pm
plan
12:30pm
section
Moving the position of these points to morph the basic cube into faceted and tapered forms. I can generate a grasshopper script that morphs the cube to optimize solar radiation on its surfaces, or morph it so that no direct sunlight can enter the space within. The more points the cube has, the more facets the result will be.
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4pm
plan
4pm
section
4pm
plan
4pm
section
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pT 3: SITE & pROgRAM
pRE/pOST EARTHQuAkE
DEMOlITIONS
Accomodation Commercial Car Park Religious Accomodation

Commercial Car Park Religious Retail Food+Beverage
Food+Beverage
Council
Retail
Educational Council
Educational Bank/PostOffice Bank/PostOffice
Petrol Station/ Car Petrol Station/ Car repair Known as the Garden City, Christchurch has many expansive parks and public gardens. such as Hagley Park, the four leafy inner-city avenues.
repair pre earthquake programs
pRE EARTHQuAkE CCDu pROpOSED plAN

The desgin concept for the Recovery Plan blueprint is to develop a greener, more accessible city with a compact core and a stronger built identity, making it a great place to live, work, play, learn and visit. The Recovery Plan created a more compact core the central city. The core is surrounded by a green frame. Providing bus interchange an urban open space. CCDU proposed programs
green belt
retail precinct
stadium
green belt
innovation precinct
DEMOlITION SITES
demolished partial demolition fixed
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pOpulATION DENSITy IN CATHEDRAl SQuARE
MAXIMuM BuIlDINg HEIgHTS IN 5 lIVINg zONES

Existing Green Proposed Green Belt Site Zones Living 1 Living 2 Living 3 Living 4 Living 5 Commercial Max Height 8m 8m 8m 18m 31m
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 180-200
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from 2006 census
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BuS AND CyClINg lANES IN THE CBD
Existing Green Proposed Green Belt Site Bus Lanes Cycle Lanes
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ElEVATIONS
lichfield st lichfield st
madras st
madras st
tuam st
tuam st
manchester st
manchester st
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ElEVATIONS - DEMOlISHED BuIlDINgS
MADRAS ST MANCHESTER ST
TUAM ST
LICHFIELD ST
SAFE PARTLY DEMOLISH DEMOLISH
SAFE PARTLY DEMOLISH DEMOLISH

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WORk pROgRAM COMpOSITION

space required for an office based on co-working and mutli-space concept.
19sqm
2sqm 9sqm
5sqm
RESIDENTIAl pROgRAM BAR
Studio
entry
35sqm
12sqm 2sqm 9sqm 5sqm 17sqm
innovation office for small and medium sized business. restrooms storage filing/storage equipment
cafe open plan conference room
1 Bedroom
45sqm
12sqm 12sqm 2sqm 2sqm 9sqm 12sqm 24sqm
other divisions
other groups break areas
2 Bedrooms
70sqm
12sqm 12sqm 2sqm 12sqm 2sqm 2sqm 9sqm 14sqm 25sqm
Bathroom Kitchen Bedroom Closet
office
open plan
1820 m2 60%
shared meeting areas
other workstations
cafe shared meeting areas 180 m2 20% filing/storage 20 m2 presentation 100 m2 60 m2 conference room 100 2 break areas/kitchenettes m cafe storage 150 m2 electrical mechanical 400 m2 equipment restrooms total: 3000 m2 one floor: four floors: 750m2 3000m2
Relation of program to each other
rest rooms
printer
workstation storage
filing dept.
office services
archives
Living 3 Bedrooms 90sqm
program support public building support
meeting
If there were 4 occupants on each oor: 165sqm 4 Single Occupants 1 Bedroom Apartment 1 Bedroom Apartment 1 Bedroom Apartment 1 Bedroom Apartment Shared Living Studio Studio Studio Studio
conference
lobby staircase
Functions required by an individual worker. The falloff is based on average amount of usage and hence circulation distance away from their main workstation
180sqm 4 Single Occupants 140sqm 2 Couple Occupants
2 Bedrooms Apartment
2 Bedrooms Apartment
64
Group Solar
65
BuBBlE DIAgRAM-STuDIO ARRANgEMENT
Relationship from Outdoor to Indoor
Added shared Kitchen
Added shared Liviing and Kitchen
Final Program Relationship
Kitchen Garden entrance Vertical Circulation Living Apartment
Bedroom
Living
Closet dining Bathroom Apartment
Kitchen
Program in relation to Central Garden
66
Group Solar
67
pT 4: DESIgN pROpOSAl
Ra
dia
lG
rid
So
lar
TOP
Ax is
Ol
dC
Bd
Gr
id
NORTH
Pr
e-Q
ua
ke
sit
residential (live) office (work) rec centre (play) mixed use pathway
gRID STRATEgy
On top of our groups chosen site, Weve overlayed 3 context specific grid structures: Radial Grid - Harmoniszes the zoning system of green belt to the heart of inovation precinct by introducing alleyways that connects the 2 sides. Solar Axis - 45 tilt of the CBd grid which allows optimum solar access to the streetscape. Old CBd Grid - Bringing the traditional grid structure used in Christchurch.
INTERSECTION pOINTS TO gH SCRIpTINg

From the Overlays, points of intersection is extracted. Curves are then created between 2 points to be arranged into closed geometries. These are then put through Rhinos script logic called GeCO and Galopagos The function of the script is to extrude the ground plan of the buildings to a set maximum height(21m) and then to be analysed as a volume to calculate the solar acess which morphs the surfaces of the volumes according to the extracted data(RGB).
RESulTANT FORM
The final form that we recieved from this approach is divided from according to the colour above. Magenta being the area that the group will divide and further develop and Grey being the potential buildup for post development.
VOluME ARRANgEMENT / pATHWAy

From the initial volume extracted from the Rhino script, along the radial grid Weve developed cuts into the site. These cuts affected the placements of the mixed use spaces which were point of interest other than our primary functions. The pathways are design to open up towards the northern eastern side to have a welcoming impression. embracing the public from the Green belt and guiding them inwards to the inner complex.
CHOSEN SITE DIVISION
pRE-QuAkE pROgRAMS
accomodation commercial car park religious food+beverage retail council educational bank/post office petrol/car repair
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Group Solar
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SITE plAN
site chosen to develop an office
pROgRAM ORgANISATION SCHEMATIC plAN
Green Frame
Lichfield St
ground
1st
2nd
3rd
Clustering Program is clustered around larger circulation cores
Manchester st epicentre
Madras st
Hi gh st
To rationalise the site division and assign a building block to a specific program, we chose according to the required area / volume. Rec centre - Takes the orange volume for its low and wide properties. swimming pool, Bball courts, etc becomes well suited. Office - Squashed in the middle, the office has the work that mediates between live and play Residential - Tall and decent volume to accomodate workers both in and out of the precinct. Orientated towards the CBd for the increased visual stance.
Tuam st
N 0 10 20 m
individual offices shared open plan ground floor level 1 level 2 collaboration space circulation level 3
schematic plans 72
Group Solar
73
SITE plAN
plANS
700.0000
open plan
individual office
shared space
Layout Laout is defined by the space shared Level 3 Level 2
700.0000
planned space
partitioning columns
extract isocurve
swept walls
defined room
Defining space The columns inform the resultant swept walls
Level 1
Ground
0 12
10
20 m
74
Group Solar
ground
1st
2nd
3rd
75
STRuCTuRE + CIRCulATION
roof level 3
SECTION + ElEVATION
exterior columns
level 2
glass facade
level 1
0 1 2
10
20 m
lightwells
ground floor
structure
program + circulation
North elevation
0 1 2
10
20 m
76
Group Solar
77
OFFICE SpACE
ENTRANCE
78
Group Solar
79
Is
TC
BuIlDINg & SITE plAN

R C H C Bd
RICHFIeLd sT
pROgRAM MASSINg
GReeN BeLT
Building envelope
MANCHesTeR sT
MAdRAs sT
TUAM sT
Connection of two separarte volumes through one of the programs, a running facility.
INNOVATION PReCINCT
50M 25M
Insertion of floor levels and assigning programs with block volumes.
N
80
Group Solar
81
lIgHTINg STRATEgy & SkIN STRATEgy
SkINS
pROgRAM AND CIRCulATION
All the heavy live load acvtivities are placed on G floor.
AQUATIC CeNTRe
Changing room for sports hall situated between G and 3. Pool only accessed via changing room which is accsessd from level 2. Pool viewing platform for the watchers accssed from level 2.
boxing running track gym courtyard staff office stretch room gym changing room pool changing room basketball squash meeting rooms sick bay service spa pool movement
sPORTs HALL
Fully open / no displacement
Half open / displacement to the right
Closed / displacement to the bottom right
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Group Solar
83
plAN
A
seRVICe
COURTYARd
sTAFF OFFICe
sT OR
VIeWING PLATFORM
AG e
sPA
MAIN POOL (25M)
sTAFF OFFICe
SH
OW
R WA R/
MU
LeARNING POOL
C. W.
sTORAGe
W sHO
BOxING
C. W.
eR
sH
e OW
Me WO OM O R OO M
C Ns
HA
NG
ING
R Ns ING Me ANG CH
CAFe
10M 5M
WARM UP / sTReTCHING ROOM
TABLe TeNNIs ENTRY / ReCePTION
BAsKeTBALL
B
MeeTING ROOMs sQUAsH seRVICe
RUNNING TRACK
3
84
Group Solar
GYM
WO
Me
Ns
sH
OW
eR sH OW eR
W. C.
MeNs
W. C.
sICK BAY
A
85
INTERIOR pERSpECTIVES
WESTERN ElEVATION
pOOl
lEVEl 3 RuNNINg TRACk
SECTION AA
10M 5M
(see plan for reference)
86
Group Solar
87
FORMAl DEVElOpMENTS
1 Plan
DAylIgHT ANAlySIS
Live
Work
Play
Ground Floor
Plan
Live
Work
Play
Ground Floor
1st Floor
My form is derived from solar analysis and the many solar studies. The forms have been morphed and angled to optimize solar access on its surface. The building form is cut in the middle to create a central garden to bring more light into the middle of thebuilding, and to connect to the green path. The building mass was originally split into three separate buildings in option 1, but the top left block had to be sacrificed to allow the green path to be widened for an entrance for Live and Work. The 2nd option connects the 2 remaining blocks, but allowing the green path to cut through the ground floor level. In option 2, the Studio and 2 bedroom Apartments have been placed in the floor plan, then using points at the edges of the rooms, the floor plan has been morphed and altered to receive more sunlight. This makes the floor plan different on each level, and thus effecting the exterior facade design.
Plan
The three developments in form have been analysed through ecotect to measure the solar access on each surface.
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Group Solar
89
5000
10000
5000
10000
5000
10000
plANS
Primary structure
4th Floor
STRuCTuRE AND CIRCulATION
Studio Apartment Shared Living space
Studio Apartment
LICHFIELD ST
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment
Shared Living space
Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Shared Living space Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
Shared Living space

Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Shared Living space Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
3rd Floor
Studio Apartment
Shared Living space
MANCHESTER ST
Shared Living space
N
0
0 5000
5000 10000
10000 0 5000 10000
gROuND FlOOR
5000
10000
1st FlOOR
secondary structure
2nd Floor
Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Shared Living space
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Shared Living space
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment
LICHFIELD ST
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment
Shared Living space Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
Shared Living space

1st Floor
Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment
Facade
MANCHESTER ST
Shared Living space
5000
10000
N
0
Ground Floor
0 5000 5000 10000 10000
5000
10000
2nd FlOOR
3rd FlOOR
4th FlOOR
The rebuilding of Christchurch has opened up many job opportunities, many workers throughout NZ are moving into Christchurch to be a part of the rebuild. Christchurch city has many suburban 3 bedroom housing, but there is not enough accommodation for single housing, or temporary housing. My project will be housing for the workers who are planning to stay temporarily in Christchurch, or are planning to buy a larger home in Christchurch, but need a temporary place to stay. My residential apartment block consists of 1 bedroom and 2 bedroom apartments, with two public living areas on each floor.
Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Shared Living space Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Shared Living space Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
Columns Ring Beams I Columns Tension Cables
Horizontal Circulation Vertical Circulation
Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Shared Living space
Glass
90
Group Solar
Studio Apartment
Shared Living space Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
Studio Apartment

Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment Studio Apartment
91
FACADE TREATMENT
Window Opening Percentages North elevation south West elevation
ElEVATIONS
25% 50% 75% 12.5% 25% 37.5% 12.5% 25% 37.5%
WEST ElEVATION
Manchester street View
study of different facade treatments through experiementing with the placement of different window opening percentrages. The second option was selected because the north elevation would have high angle sun, therefore the window openings increase at the bottom and decrease at the top floors.
NORTH ElEVATION
Lichfield Street View 92
93
SECTION
Level4
6500
Level3
2700
Level2
2700
Public Living area
Level1
2700
Ground
2900
Apartment Circulation space Outter Tiled facade Inner steel facade

0 5000 10000
West facade from Manchester st
Corridor
Glass
94
Group Solar
95

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[group solar]

JEFFREY JIANG YOUNG HUN KIM LILY PAN

FUTURE CHRISTCHURCH / CAMIA YOUNG / JORDON SAUNDERS

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

Hours 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 January May

FACTORS EFFECTINg SuNlIgHT INTERCEpTION

Mean daily Bright sunshine (based on historic average)

Observed daily Average Bright sunshine

Annual Rainfall (mm)

2.1 - 4 4.1 - 6 6.1 - 8 8.1 - 10 10.1 - 12 12.1 - 14 14.1 - 16 16.1 - 18 Kilometres

for years 1971 - 2000

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

Mean Anual Solar Radiation

Mean Anual Temperature

Mean Min. Temperature of the coldest month

Winter Solar Radiation

Mean Anual Solar Radiation - MJ/m2/day

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

CAlCulATINg SuNlIgHT THROugH CANOpIES

FACTORS EFFECTINg SuNlIgHT INTERCEpTION

P() = exp[-K() ()Lt /cos()]

sagittate Breakdown into simplified shapes

ellipsis * c 2a d is max. width

e() = a0 + a1 fc + a2 + a3 fc + a4 fc2 + a52 + a62 ( fc) + a7( fc)2 + a8 fc3 + a93.

HElIOTROpISM - THE MECHANISM

dumping of potassium & Movement of water

Potassium diffusion & Uptake of water

- Turgid Cell (High Pressure)

- Flaccid Cell (Low Pressure) - Potassium ions

[Records at random intervals]

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

CHRISTCHuRCH SuNRISE AND SuNSET TIMES

Sunrise and Sunset hours throughout one year in Christchurch

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

CHRISTCHuRCH SuN pATH DIAgRAM

lIgHT REFlECTANCy ON SuRFACES

MARCH 22 FEB 22 JAN 22 DEC 22 3 4 5 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 5 7 6 4

SEP 22 OCT 22 NOV 22 DEC 22 2 3

Approximates to Polished metal; surface-silvered mirror

Eect of increasing angle of incidence of light Increased reectance

Sun path diagrams

Lambertian reflection (diffuse)

Blotting paper; woollen cloth; earth

Surfaces and the nature of reflections

Compound: transparent layer over pigmented surface

Picture under glass; gloss paint; water

A combination of the two above; dependent on angle of view

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

Surface scattering (reflector matt)

Volume scattering (e.g. white)

Opal or ground glass

Opaque or obscured glass

external vertical louvres

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

Winter - low angle

Jeffrey | Young | Lily

SuN ANglES EFFECTS ON ORIENTATION AND FORM

Angular selective transmission

When x > 6m, mechanical ventilation is necessary

east west orientation