The Effects of the Pulverized Form of Papaya (Carica papaya) Peelings as Meat Tenderizer

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Research II

A Science Investigatory Project presented to the Faculty and Staff of Caraga Regional Science High School

Researchers: BUISA, Ma. Gechel C. DACER, Janine Clarisse H. MURILLO, Marny Mae A.

Research Adviser: Maria Ruth R. Edradan

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Pineapple is one of the most common fruits found here in the Philippines. Due to its good taste, it is a favorite food in almost all over the world. Aside from being a delicacy, it is also a good source of income for gardeners and a good source of nutrients that can cure diseases. Pineapple has an enzyme called bromelain. This enzyme is used in meat tenderizing. Nowadays, pulverized form of meat tenderizers are in demand in the market. Thus, the researchers are prompted to conduct a study about the effects of the pulverized form of papaya peelings as meat tenderizer. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: This study aims to develop a pulverized form of papaya peelings as meat tenderizer. Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions: 1. Is the pulverized form of papaya peelings effective in tenderizing meat? a. b. 2. Is the dehydration method effective? Does it alter any components? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study would be very beneficial to the following

Restaurant/Eatery allows cooks to give more time to prepare other things aside from marinating

For people who have busy schedules They can easily set up the meat and the product (papaya peelings) and leave them to do the work.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS: This study mainly focuses on the effects of the pulverized form of papaya peelings in tenderizing meat and only p papaya peelings are to be used as meat tenderizer in this study. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: Papaya Peelings, the green skin (peelings) of raw papaya contains an enzyme called Papain. The connective tissue in the meat breaks down when it comes in contact with Papain. (http://www.indiacurry.com/faqhints/papayatenderizemeathow.htm). Papain is a proteolytic
enzyme that tenderises meat and can act as a clarifying agent in many food industry processes. It is a common ingridient in brewery and meat processing.

Papain , enzyme present in the leaves, latex, roots, and fruit of the papaya plant (Carica papaya) that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins by hydrolysis (addition of a water molecule). Papain is used in biochemical research involving the analysis of proteins, in tenderizing meat, in clarifying beer, in removing hair from hides before tanning, and in enzyme-action cleansing agents for soft contact lenses. It is also used in toothpastes and cosmetics and in preparations of various remedies for indigestion, ulcers, fever, and swelling. A related enzyme also produced by papaya is chymopapain, which has different characteristics of mobility and

solubility; it is used to shrink or dissolve ruptured disks in certain kinds of lumbar spine injuries, and otherwise as a digestant of protein. The amount and activity of papain isolated from the different parts of the papaya plant vary depending on the age of the tree and whether it is male or female. For example, higher quantities of crude papain may be extracted from female trees compared with male trees and from older fruits compared with younger fruits. However, papain extracted from young papaya fruit produced by female trees typically is more active than that extracted from old fruit produced by male or hermaphrodite plants. (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441803/papain) METHODOLOGY: Preparing and Oven-Drying Papaya Peelings 1. Blanch and then cool papaya before beginning oven drying process. It's best to begin the process as soon after harvesting as possible. 2. Slice the papaya peelings thinly using a sharp knife and arrange the slices in a single layer on a cookie sheet. 3. Set your oven temperature to very low (140 degrees F) and leave papaya peelings in the oven until completely dry and nearly crisp (between 4 and 12 hours). It may be necessary to turn the cookie sheet(s) around in ovens with uneven heat distribution. Pulverizing the Papaya 1. After the papaya peelings will be oven-dried, slice them into tiny pieces and grind them using mortar and pestle.

BUDGET: (The researchers budget for this study is yet to be discussed.)