RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 9 -
MONOMI OS
Cul es el rea de las figuras (1) y (2) ?
Las expresiones algebraicas en las que se
operan product os y pot encias, pero no sumas
ni rest as, se llaman monomios.
De la Fig (1) x
2
+ x
2
+ x
2
+ x
2
+ x
2
= 5x
2
Fig (2) xy + xy + xy + xy = 4xy
- GRADO DE UN MONOMI O
El grado absolut o se obt iene sumando los
exponent es de los fact ores de la part e
lit eral.
Ej emplo: 15x
4
y
4
z GA = 10
2a
3
bc GA = 5
- VALOR NUMERI CO DE UN MONOMI O
Valor numrico de un monomio M(x) para
x = a, se obt iene al sust it uir x por a:
Ej emplo:
M
(x= 2)
= 2x
3
= 2(2)
3
= 16
M
(x= 4)
= -10x
2
= -10( 4)
2
= -160
- MONOMI OS SEMEJANTES
Los que t ienen la misma part e lit eral y por
t ant o el mismo grado.
Ej emplo:
- 3x
2;
2x
2
; -4x
2
3xy
3;
3
3
1
xy
; - 2xy
3
- EJEMPLOS DE APLI CACI N
1. Cul es el rea de las siguient es figuras?
Sol uci n :
At ot al
(a)
= x
2
+ x
2
+ x
2
+ x
2
+ x
2
+ x
2
= 6x
2
Bt ot al
(b)
= xy + xy + xy + xy = 4xy
2. Det ermina el grado absolut o y el grado
relat ivo de las siguient es expresiones
algebraicas-
EXPRESI ONES
ALGEBRAI CAS GA GRx GRy GRz
- 7xyz 3 1 1 1
-2 y x
3
2
4 3 1 -
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 10 -
3x
3
y
4
z 8 3 4 1
7x
7
y
8
z
10
25 7 8 10
3. En cada caso indica el grado absolut o del
monomio e indica el valor numrico.
a) 7xy
5
; x= 2; y = -1
Sol uci n :
7(2) (-1)
5
= 7( 2) ( -1) = 14
Respuest a: El valor numrico es -14 y
el GA = 1 + 1 + 5 = 7
b) -3a
3
b
2
; a = 3; b = 2
Sol uci n :
-3(3)
2
(2)
2
= -3(9) ( 4) = 108
Respuest a: El valor numrico es 108
y el GA = 3 + 2 = 5
c) -9abc2; a= 2; b = 1; c= 1
Sol uci n :
-9(2) ( 1) ( -1)
2
= 18
Respuest a: El valor numrico es 18
y el GA = 1 + 1 + 2 = 4
4. Calcular el valor numrico de la expresin
E para x = -3 y = -2; m = -1
E =
2
3 2
+ +

y x
m y x
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d)
3
1
e)
4
1
Sol uci n :
2 ) 2 ( ) 3 (
) 1 ( ) 2 ( 3
3 2
+ +

0
3
0
2 1
0
2 8 9
1 2 3
= =
+
=
+
+ +
5. Hallar m si el siguient e monomio es de
2 grado.
- 7
3
7
m
x
a) 5 b) 4 c) 3 d) -2 e) 5
Sol uci n:
Por dat o el exponent e de la variable x es
2.
m 3 = 2
Luego: m = 5
Rpt a. (a)
6. Cul es el grado del t rmino:
4x
-1
; y
-1
a) -1 b) -2 c) 1 d) 2
e) No t iene grado
Sol uci n :
El grado es un nmero relacionado con los
exponent es de un polinomio, por lo t ant o
t al nmero siempre es nat ural.
Rpt a. (e)
7. Dar el grado del siguient e t rmino
-
3 8 6
4
3
z y x

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
e) No t iene grado
Rpt a. (e)
8. Cules de las siguient es afirmaciones son
falsas?
I ) El grado de un monomio puede ser
negat ivo.
I I ) Todo t rmino algebraico t iene grado.
I I I ) El grado de un monomio puede ser
una fraccin.
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 11 -
CONSTRUYENDO
MIS CONOCIMIENTOS
I V) En un monomio el grado est dado
por el mayor exponent e de t odas sus
let ras.
a) I y I I b) I y I I I c) slo I
d) slo I I I e) Todas
Rpt a. (e)
1) Cul es el grado del siguient e
t rmino?
P(x,y,z) = - 5
4
3
xywzt
a) 1 b) 4 c) 5 d) 5
e) No t iene grado
2) Hallar el valor de m si se sabe que el
siguient e monomio es de noveno
grado respect o a y , y de sext o grado
respect o a x .
- x 7
3
1
m + t
y
t + 7
a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 8 e) 0
3) Calcula a b en el siguient e monomio
si adems se sabe que GR
x
= 15; GR
y
= 10
-
8
5 3
7
+ + b b a
y x
a) 5 b) 7 c) 9 d) 11 e) 15
4) Hallar t en el siguient e monomio si
se sabe que es de 7 grado respect o a
x y que su grado absolut o es 12.
M
(x; y)
= + 3
c c t
y x
+ 8
7
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
5) Calcular el coeficient e del siguient e
monomio, sabiendo que es de oct avo
grado.
M
(x; y)
= 15 a
2
x
a+ 1
. y
2
a) 175 b) 215 c) 225
d) 255 e) 375
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 12 -
REFORZANDO
MIS CAPACIDADES
1) Cul es el rea de las siguient es figuras?
2) Det ermina el grado absolut o y relat ivo de
las siguient es expresiones algebraicas.
EXPRESI N
ALGEBRAI CA GA GRx GRy GRz
2 5 9
7
1
z y x
-
4
3xy
2
2 9
5 yz x
0,7x
10
z
4
-
6 5
3
1
z y

3) En cada caso indica el grado absolut o del

monomio e indica el valor numrico.
a) -7ab
2
c
2
a= 2; b= 1; c= -1
b) 15m
2
n
3
p ; m= 2; n= -2; p= 1
c) 8a
3
b
2
a = 5 ; b = 1
d) 6a
3
b
2
c
4
a = 3; b= -1 c= 2
4) Encont rar el coeficient e del siguient e
monomio si GRx = 9; Gry = 8.
M(x; y) =
15
2
m
3
x
m+ t
y
2t
a)
3
1
b)
3
13
c)
3
20
d)
3
50
e)
3
50

5) Hallar el grado absolut o del siguient e

t rmino.
3 3 15
7
3 2
y x

a) 5 b) 10 c) 12
d) 15 e) No t iene grado
6) Hallar el coeficient e del siguient e monomio
sabiendo que es de 8 grado.
M
(x; y; z)
= -3a
2
xyz
2+ a
a) 48 b) 12 c) -9 d) 6 e) 3
7) Deducir
3,2ab
5
+ 6,8b
5
a 3,7 (ab)
5
+ 3,7a
5
b
5
a) ab
5
b) ab
5
c) 9ab
5
d) 10ab
5
e) 10a
5
b
5
8) Cul es el t riple de m si los siguient es
t rminos son semej ant es?
4x
2m+ 3
; -2
15
7x
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 12 e) 18
9) Calcular el valor de a + 2b, si los t res
t rminos siguient es son semej ant es.
2y
a+ b
; 0,5 y
7+ b
; 2 7 y
9
a) 2 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9 e) 11
10) Cul es el t rmino de mayor coeficient e si
t odos son semej ant es con variable x?
T
1
= 6m x
m+ 1
t
2
= 3m
2
x
m+ 1
T
3
= 13m x
9
t
4
= 18mx
1+ m
a) 101x
9
b) 104x
9
c) 172x
9
d) 144x
9
e) 166x
9
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 13 -
- ADI CI ON Y SUSTRACCI N DE
MONOMI OS SEMEJANTES
Cul es la suma de las reas de los
rect ngulos?
a
1
= ( 2x) (x) = 2x
2
a
2
= (4x) (x) = 4x
2
a
3
= ( 2x) (x) = 2x
2
S = A
1
+ A
2
+ A
3
= 2x
2
+ 4x
2
+ 2x
2
= 8x
2
La adicin y la sust raccin de monomios
semej ant es se realiza sumando o rest ando los
coeficient es y dej ando la misma part e lit eral.
- REDUCCI N DE UN POLI NOMI O QUE
CONTENGA TERMI NOS SEMEJANTES
DE DI VERSAS CLASES
Para reducir un polinomio que cont iene
t rminos semej ant es se indica cada clase
con marcas dist int as y se reduce
separadament e cada una de ellas.
Ej emplo 1: Reducir el polinomio
4x
2
8x + 6x
2
+ 5x 3x
2
+ 7x
Resol uci n :
En el polinomio dado, marcamos los
t rminos semej ant es de la manera
siguient e
x x x x x x 7 3 5 6 8 4
2 2 2
+ + +
= (4 + 6 - 3)x
2
+ (5+ 7-8)x
= 7x
2
+ 4x
Ej emplo 2:
Deducir el polinomio
13a
2
5b
2
+ 13ab + 8a
2
10b
2
2ab
+ 6b
2
8ab
Resol uci n :
2
13a -
2 2
8 13 5 a ab b + + -
10b ab b ab 8 6 2
2 2
+
= (13+ 8)a
2
+ (-5-10+ 6)b
2
+ (13-2-8)ab
= 21a
2
+ (-9)b
2
+ 3ab
Ej empl o 3:
Reducir el polinomio
X
2
y
3
10x
3
y
2
+ 6xy
2
+ 5x
2
y
3
8x
3
y
2
12xy
+ 7x
3
y
2
11xy
2
+ 7xy
Resol uci n :
1x
2
y
3
- 10x
3
y
2
+ 6xy
2
+ 3x
2
y
3
-8x
3
y
2
- xy 12
+ 7x
3
y
2
11xy
2
+ 7xy
= (1+ 5) x
2
y
3
+ (-10 8+ 7) x
3
y
2
+ (6 11)xy
2
+ (-12 + 7)xy
= 6x
2
y
3
11x
3
y
2
5xy
2
5xy
4) De: Rest a
a) 7 + a 5 - a
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 14 -
CONSTRUYENDO
MIS CONOCIMIENTOS
Resol uci n :
7 + a (5 a) = 7 + a 5 + a
= 2 + 2a
b) 6 + x ; 3 x
Resol uci n :
6 + x (3 x) = 6 + x 3 + x
= 3 + 2x
c) 2m + 1 ; 2m
Resol uci n :
2m + 1 2m = 1
d) 6a + 4 ; 3b + 3
Resol uci n :
6a + 4 (3b + 3) = 6a + 4 3b 3
= 6a 3b + 1
1) Halla el result ado de las siguient es operaciones
con monomios
a) x
3
+ 5x
3
3x
3
+ 2x
3
b) 2xyz + 9xyz 4xyz + 6xyz
c) 5a
n
4a
n
+ 11a
n
d) ax
q
6ax
q
3ax
q
2) Reducir los t rminos semej ant es en cada
uno de los polinomios siguient es.
a) 6x + 7a - 10x + 3x 8a
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 15 -
b) 15ay + 13a - 7z + 6a - 13ay + 4z
c) xy 5x
2
+ 8y
2
+ 11xy 25x
2
30y
2
d) 12x
3
+ 5xy
2
8xyz
3
- 7xy
2
z - 6x
3
+ 2xyz
3
3) Reducir los t rminos semej ant es en cada
uno de los polinomios siguient es.
a) 8y
2
- 5x
2
+ xy - 25x
2
30y
2
+ 11xy + 14x
2
+ 26y
2
+ 6x
2
+ 13xy
b) 5
n
+ 8y
n
10z
n
+ 15x
n
16y
n
+ 20z
n
+
48x
n
15z
n
- 14x
n
+ 12y
n
4) De ; Rest a
a) 7 + 3a ; 5 9
b) 6 + 10m ; 5m 3
c) 15 + pq ; 6 qp
d) 10 - ab ; -5 ab + 10
5) Si los t rminos :
t
1
= (a + 1) x
b+ 2
y
4
t
2
= ( 2 a) x
4
y
0
Son semej ant es, hallar la suma t
1
+ t
2
a) x
4
y
4
b) 3x
4
y
4
c) 3xy
d) -3x
4
y
4
e) I mposible
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 16 -
REFORZANDO
MIS CAPACIDADES
1. Halla el result ado de las siguient es
operaciones con monomios
a) 3x
2
+ 8x
2
b) 11ac 7ac
c) 3ab 5ab + 4ab
d) 7x
2
y + 3x
2
y - 8x
2
y
e) 13x
m
+ 7x
m
16x
m
f) 7xy
4
+ 2xy
4
6xy
4
g) 8yz
3
- 3yz
3
4yz
3
h) xy
n
3xy
n
+ 5xy
n
2. Reducir los t rminos semej ant es en cada
uno de uno de los polinomios siguient es.
a) 5a + 3y + 9y 11 + 8y
b) 23mx + 18my + 5mx 7ny + 4mx
20ny
c) 4b
2
6xyz 2a
2
+ 3b
2
+ 8xyz a
2
d) 3ax
n
5xa
n
+ a
2
x 2ax
n
+ 8xa
n
- 4a
2
x
3. Reducir los t rminos semej ant es en los
siguient es polinomios
a) 2ab
3
3a
2
b
2
+ 9a
2
b - 8a
3
10a
2
b
2

9a
2
b + 15a
3
- 7ab
3
+ 13a
2
b
2
b) 2xy - 3x
2
y + 5xy
2
+ 8x
2
y - 4xy
2
- 6xy
- 4xy
2
+ 10xy - 6x
2
y
c) 6xyz
3
3xy
3
z 2x
3
yz + 7x
3
yz - 9xy
3
z
12xyz
3
4. Rest a ; De
a) 6ab ; 7ab
b) 12a + 4 ; 15a + 2
c) 6a + 3 ; 6b + 3
d) 10a m ; 10a + n
5. Rest a ; De
a) 5x + y ; 3x + y
b) 10a m ; 13a 2m
c) 12a + 3 ; 13 10a
d) 15pq 3; pq + 15
6. Si los t rminos:
t
1
= (5 - b)x
m+ 3
y
6
t
2
= (3 + b) x
8
y
n
Son semej ant es, hallar la suma t
1
+ t
2
a) (-8 + a)x
6
y
8
b) (8-a)x
8
y
6
c) x
8
y
6
d) - 8x
8
y
6
e) 8x
8
y
6
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 17 -
- MULTI PLI CACI N DE
MONOMI OS
Cul es el volumen del paralelpedo de
la figura?
Vp = A
base
x h
= (3x) (x) (2x)
= 6x
3
La mult iplicacin de monomios se
realiza mult iplicando los coeficient es y
luego la part e lit eral aplicando la ley de
exponent es.
A
n
xa
m
= a
n+ m
EJEMPLOS DE APLI CACI ON
Efect a:
(a) (2xy
2
) (-3xy
5
)
Sol uci n :
(2xy
2
) (-3xy
5
) = -6x
2
y
7
(b) (-3x
3
y) (-2x
2
yz)
Sol uci n :
(-3x
3
y) (-2x
2
yz) = 6 x
5
y
2
z
c) (-3x
2
z) (-2x
3
y
2
z) (-4xyz)
Sol uci n :
(-3x
3
y) (-2x
2
yz) (-4xyz) = -24x
6
y
3
z
3
= 24x
6
y
3
z
3
d) (10abc) (-3a
2
b) (abc
3
)
Sol uci n :
(10 abc) (-3a
2
b) (abc
3
)
= 30a
4
b
3
c
4
PRODUCTO DE MAS DE DOS MONOMI OS
Para obt ener el product o de ms de dos
monomios se aplica la propiedad asociat iva: se
halla el product o de los dos primeros y luego el
product o de est e result ado con el t ercer fact or
y as sucesivament e, hast a el lt imo.
EJEMPLOS DE APLI CACI ON
Ej emplo 1: Hallar el product o de: 8x
2
por 5x
4
por 3x
5
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 18 -
CONSTRUYENDO
MIS CONOCIMIENTOS
Resol uci n:
8x
2
. 5x
4
. 3x
5
= ( 8x
2
. 5x
4
) . 3x
5
8x
2
. 5x
4
. 3x
5
= ( 40x
2+ 4
) 3x
5
= (40x
6
) 3x
5
= 40.3x
6+ 5
)
8x
2
. 5x
4
. 3x
5
= 120x
11
Ej emplo 2: Hallar el product o de: (3ab
2
c)
(-4a
3
b
2
) (5cd
3
)
Resol uci n:
(3ab
2
c)(-4a
3
b
2
)(5cd
3
) =
j j
3 2 2 3
. . . . . 5 ). 4 .( 3 cd c b b a a
(3ab
2
c)( -4a
3
b
2
)(5cd
3
) = 60
1+ 3
. b
2+ 2
.c
1+ 1
.d
3
(3ab
2
c)(-4a
3
b
2
)(5cd
3
) = 60a
4
.b
4
.c
2
.d
3
Ej emplo 3: Hallar el product o de:
(-5a
3
bc
3
) (-2abc
3
) (3ac
4
)
Resol uci n:
(-5a
3
bc
3
) (-2abc
3
) (3ac
4
) =
j ) 3 )( 2 )( 5 ( j
4 3 3 3
. . . . . . . c c c b b a a a
(-5a
3
bc
3
) (-2abc
3
) (3ac
4
) = 30a
3+ 1+ 1
.b
1+ 1
.c
3+ 3+ 4
(-5a
3
bc
3
)(-2abc
3
)( 3ac
4
) = 30
5
b
2
c
10
1) Halla el product o de cada operacin
a) x
2
.x
5
=
b) (3x) (7x
2
)
c) (-5a
3
bc
3
) (-8a
2
b
3
)
d) (9ab
2
m) (-3ab
3
m)
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 19 -
2) Efect a :
a) (6xy
5
) (-3x
2
yz
3
)
b) (-10bc) (-6a
2
b) (- 2abc)
c) (-5mn)(2m
2
) (- 3n
3
)
|

\
|
3 2
15
1
n m
d) (0,2p
2
q) (0,1pq
2
) (-3p
4
q)
3) Halla el product o de cada operacin
a) (2a
3
) (5a
2
b) (a
3
b
3
)
b) (8a
3
bm) (-9a
2
b
2
) (a
3
m
2
n) (6bn
3
)
c) (9a
3
b
4
) (-7a
4
m
7
) (-11m
2
n) (5x
3
b)
4) En cada espacio libre, escribe el fact or que
falt a.
a) 3x = 15x
3
b) 4xy
2
= 12x
3
y
6
c) 25xy
3
z
2
= 50x
2
y
4
z
3
b) 18x
4
= 72x
4
y
2
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 20 -
REFORZANDO
MIS CAPACIDADES
1) Halla el product o de cada operacin
a) x
3
. x
8
b) (-6a
3
b) (9a
2
b
4
)
c) (-3x
2
yz
4
) (-7xy
3
z
6
)
d) (-5x
3
y
2
w) (18x
3
w
4
y )
e) (7ab
2
yc)(-7aby
3
c
2
)
f) (8m
3
n
2
y) (-3mn
4
z
5
)
g) (-12a
5
m
2
yx - 6ab
3
my
4
)
h) (16x
3
y
2
) (9x
4
y
6
)
2) Halla el product o de cada operacin
a) (4am
2
) (-6a
2
m) (-2a
2
m
2
)
b) (-3b
2
m
4
) (7m
2
n) (-5a
3
m)
c) (12x
4
yz
3
) (-8y
3
xz
2
) ( 2xy)
d) (6x
n
z) (8a
3
x
2
) (-4a
2
x
3
) (-3x
n
)
e) (-11x
3
y) ( -7xz
4
) (2w
3
y
4
) (-w
2
z
4
)
3) Efect a:
a) (10x y
3
z) (-3xyx) (-30x
3
y
5
z
4
)
b) (0,3m
4
n
5
) (0,1m
5
n
4)
c)
|

\
|
q p
4
5
3
|

\
|
8
9
5
pq
d)
|

\
|
n m
4
3
1
|

\
|
n m
4
7
2
|

\
|
7 2
12
1
n m
4) En cada espacio libre, escribe el fact or
que falt a:
a) 2x
2
= 6x
4
b) -7a
2
x
4
= 21a
3
x
6
c) 18a
3
bc
2
d
4
= 54a
5
b
3
c
3
d
6
d) 45x
4
y
2
= 225x
10
y
8
e) -13x
3
yz
6
= 169x
8
y
5
z
8
f) 4mnx
4
y
3
= -60m
3
n
5
x
7
y
5
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 21 -
Ej emplo: (-3xy
2
z)
4
= + 81 x
12
y
8
z
4
Sea el exponent e nat ural se eleva el
coeficient e a dicho exponent e y cada
variable al product o del exponent e por el de
la pot encia.
EJEMPLOS DE APLI CACI N
1. Calcula las pot encias indicadas:
a) (17x
3
y
5
z)
2
Sol uci n :
(17x
3
y
5
z)
2
= 289x
6
y
10
z
2
b) (-2abc
4
)
3
=
Sol uci n :
(-2abc
4
)
3
= 8a
3
b
3
c
12
2. Hallar el valor a para que el grado del
siguient e monomio sea igual a 10.
j
2
2 2
2 y x
a+
a) 2 b) 4 c) 2 d) 6 e) 10
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 30 -
CONSTRUYENDO
MIS CONOCIMIENTOS
Sol uci n :
j
2
2 2
2 y x
a+
= j
2 ) 2 ( 2
4 y x
a+
= 4x
2
4 2
y
a+
El grado absolut o
GA = 2a + 4 + 2 = 10
= 2a + 6 = 10
2a = 4
a = 2
Rpt a. ( a)
1. Halla el result ado de:
a) (x
3
)
2
b) (2xy
2
)
4
c) (-4m
2
n
2
p
3
)
3
d) (-2a
3
bz
2
)
4
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 31 -
2. Calcula las pot encias indicadas
a) (- 12a
3
b
2
c
4
)
2
b) (- 8b
4
b
5
cd
3
)
3
c) (- 9m
4
n
3
c
2
)
2
d) (10x
10
y
9
z
8
)
3
3. Hallar el valor de m para que el grado
del siguient e monomio sea 16.
j
2
2 2 3
3 y x
m
a) 10 b) 7 c) 14 d) 6 e) 8
4. Halla el result ado de:
a) (x
3
)
2
. (8x
4
)
2
b) x
2
y. (3x
2
y
4
)
4
c) a
4
. (-2ab
3
)
2
(-3a)
3
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 32 -
REFORZANDO
MIS CAPACIDADES
d) 4x
2b
(-2xb)
6
e) (5x
2
y)
2
. (2xy
2
)
3
f) 5a
3
. (2ab
3
)
4
1) Halla el result ado de:
a) (a
2
b)
3
b) (2a
3
x)
3
c) (7x
2
y)
3
d) (3am
2
n
3
)
4
e) (xy
2
z
4
)
5
f) (-3y
2
z
4
)
5
g) (- 6a
2
b
3
c)
2
h) (25xy
2
zt
2
)
2
i) (12x
3
yz
4
)
2
j ) (5a
8
b
4
c
2
)
4
k) (- 7x
2
yz
4
)
3
l) (- 3x
4
y
2
w
5
)
5
2) Halla el result ado de:
a) 6a
3
y
5
(2a
2
y
2
)
b) (3ab
3
)
2
( 2ab)
3
c) (2x
3
)
4
. (x
3
y)
2
d) (-3ab
2
)
2
. (-3ax)
2
e) (-7xy
3
)
3
. (-3ax)
2
f) (8abc
3
)
2
. (5a
2
bc)
2
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES ALGEBRA
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- 33 -
3) Calcula las pot encias indicadas:
a) (16xy
7
z
5
)
3
b) (-3a
4
b
3
c
2
)
4
c) (-4m
4
n
7
)
9
d) (16 2 a
5
bc
7
)
2
4) Hallar el valor de a para que el grado del
siguient e monomio sea igual a 20.
j
2
2 5 2
5 y x
a+
a) 2 b) 5 c) 3 d) 1 e) 0
Para hallar el cocient e de dos monomios se
divide el coeficient e del dividendo ent re el del
divisor y a cont inuacin se escriben las let ras en
orden alfabt ico ponindole a cada una un
exponent e igual a la diferencia ent re el
exponent e que t iene en el dividendo y el que
t iene en el divisor.
Ej emplo 1: Halla el cocient e de dividir:
16x
4
: 8x
2
Resol uci n :
2 4
2
4
2
4
2
8
16
8
16

=
|
|

\
|
= x
x
x
x
x
= 2x
2
Ej emplo 2: Halla el cocient e de dividir:
24x
6
: (-4x
3
)
Resol uci n :
3 6
3
6
3
6
6
4
24
4
24

=
|
|

\
|

x
x
x
x
x
= - 6x
3
Recuerda que:
a
m
: a
n
=
n
m
a
a
= a
m - n
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES Algebra
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
-
- 34 -
CONSTRUYENDO
MIS CONOCIMIENTOS
Ej emplo 3: Halla el cocient e de dividir:
(- 28x
4
y
6
) : (7x
3
y
2
)
Resol uci n :
= =
|
|

\
|
=

2 6 3 4
2 3
6 4
2 3
6 4
4
7
28
7
28
y x
y x
y x
y x
y x
= - 4xy
4
Ej emplo 4: Halla el cocient e de dividir:
(- 45x
5
y
6
z
3
) : (-9x
3
y
4
z)
Resol uci n :
= =
|
|

\
|

1 3 4 6 3 5
3
4
6
3
5
4 3
3 6 5
. . 5 . .
9
45
9
45
z y x
z
z
y
x
x
x
z y x
z y x
= 5x
2
y
2
z
2
Ej emplo 5: Halla el cocient e de dividir:
(60a
m+ 2
b
n+ 3
) : (4a
2
b
5
)
Resol uci n :
5 3 2 2
5
3
2
2
5 2
3 2
. 15 :
.
4
60
4
60
+ +
+ + + +
=
|
|

\
|
=
n m
n m n m
b a
b
b
a
a
b a
b a
= 15a
m
. b
n-2
1. Halla el cocient e de las divisiones
siguient es:
a) (12x
5
y
2
) (3x
2
y)
b) (22x
8
y
4
) (2x
5
y
3
)
c) (30x
8
y
3
z) (-6x
3
yz)
d) (-42a
3
b
4
c
2
) (7a
3
b
2
c)
2. Efect uar las operaciones y hallar la
reduccin
a)
|
|

\
|
+
2
3 2
2
3 2
4 2
3 15
5
25
4
36
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
RUBI OS EDI CI ONES Algebra
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
-
- 35 -
REFORZANDO
MIS CAPACIDADES
b)
|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|
+
2
3 3
18
9
36
3
3
18
2 3
2
4 2 3
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
3) Simplificar:
2 2
3 2
) 2 (
) 3 (
xy
y x
A =
4) Reducir:
y x
y x
y x
y x
2
2 3
2
2 3
4
28
6
48

a) 2xy b) xy c) xy
d) 0 e) 2xy
5) Reducir:
B =
4 16 3 6 3
4 3
) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 (
) 16 ( ) 12 (
c b a
c ab
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3
d) abc e) ab
1) Halla el cocient e de las divisiones
siguient es:
a) (56a
5
b
6
z) : ( 86abz) = ..............
b) (-48x
6
b
7
x
n
) : ( -12x
4
b
3
x
n
)..............
c) (55x
6
y
7
z
4
t
8
) : (-5x
4
y
2
zt
3
)...............
d) (-72x
m+ 3
y
n+ 4
) : (-6x
m
y
4
)..............
2) Halla el cocient e de las divisiones
siguient es:
a) (-144x
n+ 8
y
m+ 4
z
4+ p
) : (-6x
6+ n
y
2-n
z
3+ p
)
b) (-625a
3x+ y
b
2x+ 3y
c
3n+ 5
): (-5a
y+ 2x
b
2y+ x
c
3+ 2n
)
c) (128x
3+ a
y
5+ b
z
6+ 4c
): (16x
a+ 1
y
b+ 3
z
4c+ 5
)
d) (224x
3m+ n+ p
y
m+ 3n+ q
): (7x
2m+ n+ p
y
2n+ m+ q
)
3) Si A = 3x(2y)
B = (3y) (2z)
Hallar : AB Z 36xy
2
a) o b) 12x
2
y c) 18xy
d) 18x
2
y e) 2xy
2