OMP110030 Antenna Basics ISSUE1.01

Course Name
N-1
Antenna Basics
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Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
Course Name
N-2
Foreword
Antenna is most basic and important equipment is radio network. The specification and selection of antenna is very important for network QoS.
Page2
Course Name
N-3
Contents
1. Antenna Fundamentals 2. Antenna Working Principle 3. Antenna Specifications 4. Antenna Selection 5. Electric Downtilt Antenna
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Course Name
N-4
Contents
Page4
Course Name
N-5
Contents
1. Antenna Fundamentals
1.1 Overview 1.2 Antenna type 1.3 Polarization
Page5
Course Name
N-6
Overview
Antenna Adjustable Support Holding Pole ( 50~114)
GSM/CDMA Panel Antenna
Grounding Point
Wall
Main Feeder7/8 BTS Feeder Support Feeder Clip Lightning Arrester
Page6
In a wireless telecommunication system, the antenna provides the interface between base transceiver station (BTS) and outside propagation mediums. One set of antenna can both radiate and receive radio waves. When radiating radio waves, it converts high frequency current into electromagnetic wave; when receiving radio waves, it converts the electromagnetic wave into high frequency current. During network planning, the right antenna is selected according to the radio environment of the BTS. The parameters, such as antenna height, antenna azimuth angle, tilt angle, are decided based on the selected antenna. Antenna is directly related to uplink and downlink converges, so are the radio frequency (RF) components, such as feeder cable, combiner, and duplexer.
Course Name
N-7
Contents
Page7
Course Name
N-8
Antenna Type
Division standard Radiation direction Type Omni-directional antenna Directional antenna Linear antenna Panel antenna Cap antenna Vertical polarization antenna (unipolarization antenna) Cross polarization antenna (dual polarization antenna)
Structural feature
Polarization way
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Course Name
N-9
Antenna Type By Direction
Directional antenna
omni antenna
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Course Name
N-10
Antenna Type By Structure
Plate-shape antenna
Cap-shape antenna
Whip-shape
Paraboloid antenna
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Course Name
N-11
Antenna Type By Polarization
Omni antenna
Uni-polarization Directional antenna
Dual polarization Directional antenna
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Course Name
N-12
Contents
Page12
Course Name
N-13
Polarization (Cont.)
In electromagnetic wave radiated by antenna, the direction of electric field vector is the direction of antenna polarization.
Vertical Polarization
Horizontal Polarization
+45o Polarization
-45o Polarization
Page13
Polarization is a radiation feature describing the direction for the field strength vector of electromagnetic wave. Generally, the direction of the field strength vector works as the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave with the direction of the electric field vector unchanged at any time is called linear polarized wave. If the land is taken as a reference, the direction of the electric field vector parallel to the land is called horizontal polarized wave; the direction of the electric field vector perpendicular to the land is called vertical polarized wave. The direction of the electric field vector is changeable. If the trace of the electric field vector end is a circle, the electromagnetic wave is called circular polarized wave; if the trace is an ellipse, the electromagnetic wave is called ellipse polarized wave. Both the circular polarized wave and ellipse have a feature, which is rotating phase. The electromagnetic waves of different bands are transmitted by different polarization modes. Generally, the vertical polarization is used in mobile communication; the horizontal polarization is used in broadcasting systems; and the ellipse polarization is used in satellite communication.
Course Name
N-14
Polarization
Two antenna combined together, transmit and receive two independent wave.
0/ 90Polarization
+ 45/ - 45Polarization
Page14
The GSM antenna can be divided into two types, namely, single polarization antenna and dual polarization antenna. With the help of polarization diversity technology, a dual polarization antenna can promise BTS to receive good signals through reducing the multipath effect in mobile communication. Two specifications, 0/90 and 45 are available to the dual polarization antenna.
Course Name
N-15
Polarization Loss
When polarization direction of transmited wave and receiving antenna is different, there will be a Polarization Loss during receival.
Linear Polarization wave will take 3dB loss when received by Circular Polarization antenna. Horizontal Polarization antenna can not receive the energy from Vertical Polarization wave.
Page15
In practical Network, you may find such phenomenon: sometimes when cell phone is vertical( phone on ear side), signal is stronger; when cell phone is horizontal( use earphone), signal is weaker. Think about why?
Course Name
N-16
Contents
Page16
Course Name
N-17
Antenna Radiation (Cont.)

According to Maxwell equation, electromagnetic wave radiation can be generated if alternate current is present in the conductor. The radiation capability is related to the length and shape of the conductor.
C B A
Page17
As shown in Figure (a), when the distance of the two conductors is short, the induced electromotive force generated on the ideal conductors will counteract the effect of each other, so only a small amount of energy is radiated beyond the two conductors. As shown in Figure (b), there is a flare angle between the two conductors. Because the current is generated in the same direction, the induced electromotive force is generated in the same direction. In this case, a larger amount of energy is radiated beyond the two conductors. As shown in Figure (c), when the flare angle is wide enough to match wavelength, the amount of current flowing through the conductors will be greatly increased. Thus intensive radiation is generated. .
Course Name
N-18

The straight conductor that can generate intensive radiation is called dipole. If the length of the two arms of a dipole is 1/4 wavelength, the dipole is called symmetrical dipole
Wavelength() 1/4 1/2 Dipole 1/2 1/4
900MHz
-> : 166mm
1800MHz -> : 83mm

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18
Course Name
N-19

Symmetry Dipole Radiation
Top view
Side view
Concentration
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Course Name
N-20
1mW by one dipole
4mW by array of four dipole
6dB Gain
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Course Name
N-21

By reflection, radiation energy can be concentrated to single direction.
Antenna (Top View)
Omni: 4mW
Directional: 8mW
6dB Gain
9dB Gain
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Course Name
N-22
Antenna Radiation
The more the dipole in one antenna, the more concentrated the radiated energy, the higher the Antenna Gain. From one dipole to nine dipole, Antenna Gain increase from 0 to 9dBd.
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Course Name
N-23
Contents
Page23
Course Name
N-24
Electric Specifications
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Course Name
N-25
Frequency Range (Cont.)

Frequency Range is also called Antenna Bandwidth. Antenna works in specific range frequency. The Central Frequency (fc) have the best performance, deviation of fc deteriorate the performance. Two definition of Antenna Bandwidth: 3dB deterioration of Antenna Gain or VSWR too high, typically 1.5. The later one is commonly used in wireless communication.
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Course Name
N-26
Frequency Range
Central Frequency 850MHz is with best performance. But within Bandwidth 820MHz-890MHz, VSWR<1.5, the performance is acceptable.
1/2 : 850MHz
820MHz 890MHz Dipole
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Course Name
N-27
Directionality
The Directionality is the ability of Antenna to radiate electromagnetic wave in a specific direction. As to receiving, it is the ability to receive signal from different direction. Directionality is represented by Antenna Pattern Diagram. Antenna Pattern Diagram shows the transmitting and receiving ability of antenna at different direction of space.
Page27
Course Name
N-28
Antenna Pattern (Cont.)

Horizontal Half Power Bandwidth -3dB
Back Lobe
Zero Point Main Lobe First Side Lobe
Vertical pattern
Horizontal pattern
Page28
The radiation intensity of Antenna is related to radiation direction. If the relationship between the two is drawn according to relative scale, it is an Antenna Pattern diagram, or radiation diagram. Three relative scales are available for drawing a directional diagram. They are: Linearity (power directional diagram) Square root (field strength diagram) Decibel The decibel scale is more often used among the three, because it expresses the side lobe level in a simpler way. The Antenna Pattern diagram is 3D figure, but the one in common use is a pattern diagram within two planes perpendicular to each other, known as plane pattern diagram. For the linear antenna, since the ground effect is great, it adopts the vertical plane and horizontal plane as its principle plane. For the plane antenna, it adopts two planes, namely, E plane and H plane. Essentially, the dipole arrangement and the change of the feeding phase of each dipole work together to determine antenna direction, and the principle is similar to that of the Light Interference Effect. Therefore, the energy in some directions is amplified, but the energy in other directions is weakened. In this case, lobes (or beams) and zero points are formed. The lobe with the strongest energy is the major lobe. The lobe with the second strongest energy is the first side lobe, and so on. For the directional antenna, it has a back lobe.
Course Name
N-29
Antenna Pattern (Cont.)
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Course Name
N-30
Antenna Pattern
Parameter Zero Point Filling Description When zero depth is -20dB or greater, and the antenna is high, to ensure the coverage, zero point filling is needed. Angle included by two direction of 3dB deterioration than the max transmission direction. Horizontal half power Lobe width and vertical half Lobe width. The ratio of the maximum main lobe power to the maximum side lobe power. The ratio of the maximum main lobe power to the maximum back lobe power. Back lobe cause interference.
Half Power Lobe Width
Side Lobe Suppression Ratio Front-to-back ratio
Page30
To make the Coverage better, the first zero point of the lower side lobe needs to be filled by using the shaped-beam design. Generally, when the zero depth is -20dB greater than the main beam, it means that the zero point filling is present in antenna. It is recommended that the zero point filling technology should be applied to high gain antennas with great height (for example, the antenna height is 100 meters) to improve nearby coverage and avoid the unequal coverage caused by signal fluctuation.
Course Name
N-31
Antenna Gain (Cont.)

Antenna Gain is an important antenna index, indicating the antenna capability (directional antenna) of concentrating energy into a certain direction.
Isotropic Antenna Dipole Antenna
-87.15dBm -85dBm
Practical Antenna
-70dBm
2.15dB
dBd (15) dBi (17.15)
Page31
The antenna is passive equipment, so the concept of antenna gain is different from that of the power amplifier gain. The power amplifier can amplify power, but the antenna does not increase the energy for radiated signals. It concentrates the energy into a certain direction by assembling several antenna dipoles and changing their feeding mode. The dBi and dBd are two units of antenna gain, and the relationship between the two is as follows: Where, dBi = dBd + 2.15 The dBi indicates the energy concentration capability of the antennas with directions (including omni antennas) as compared with that of the isotropic antennas. i stands for isotropic. The dBd indicates that the energy concentration capability of the antennas with directions (including omni antennas) as compared with that of the symmetrical dipole antennas. d stands for dipole.
Course Name
N-32
Antenna Gain
Relationship between Antenna Gain Ga, Horizontal Half Power Lobe Width and Vertical Half Power Lobe Width :
Ga 10 log
32400
Page32
One function of the antenna is concentrating energy, so if the radiation intensity in some direction is strong; the radiation intensity in other direction is weak. Generally, the radiation intensity in a direction can be enhanced through reducing the width of the lobes. Another situation, when the antenna gain is certain, the antenna horizontal half power angle is reversely proportional to the vertical half power angle. For example, there is an omni antenna. If the antenna gain is 11dBi, and the horizontal half power angle is 360, the vertical half power angle is. Due to the difference of antenna design and manufacturing, slight difference is present for the vertical half power angle of the actual omni antenna. And such difference is determined by the focus and implementation ways of the electrical design. When the antenna gain is small, the vertical half power angle and horizontal half power angle are large; when the antenna gain is large, the vertical half power angle and horizontal half power angle are small. In addition, the antenna gain depends on dipole quantity. The larger the dipole quantity, the larger the antenna gain is, and the larger the antenna size. For example, for a 900MHz omni antenna, if the antenna gain increases by 3dB, the antenna length doubles. Generally, therefore, the gain of the omni antenna does not exceed 11dBi, and the antenna length now is about 3 meters.
Course Name
N-33
Downtilt Angle (Cont.)

Electric Downtilt and Mechanical Downtilt. Generally, the former is better, but expensive.
No Downtilt
Electric
Mechanical
Distortion
Antenna tilt is commonly used to enhance the signal level for the serving cell and reduces the signal interference on other cells.
Course Name
N-34
Downtilt Angle
Electric Downtilt and Mechanical Downtilt. Genarally, the former is better, but more expensive.
10 Electric
6 Electric + 4 Mechanical
o
10 Mechanical
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Course Name
N-35
Others
Parameter Port Isolation Description For the antenna with multiple ports, such as dual polarization antenna, the isolation between the ports for both transmission and reception must be greater than 30dB The max average power capacity. For example, a single carrier is 40W, one port input eight carriers, the total input of the antenna is 320W. Therefore, the power capacity of a single port must be greater than 320W. Related to environmental temperature, typically tested under 50 oC. Third-order Intermodulation product. Two TRX use f1 and f2, both input power 43dBm. The Thirdorder Intermodulation product is 2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1, the power of which should be less than, for example, -150dBc or -107dBm.
Power Capacity
IM3
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Course Name
N-36
Mechanical Specifications
Input Connector Type Working Temperature Working Humidity Wind Load Size and Weight
Page36
Antenna size and weight If all electric indicators are met, the antenna should be as small as possible in size and as light as possible in weight for storage, transport, installation, and security purposes. Now carriers have higher requirements on antenna size, weight, and shape. Therefore, both technical indicators and the previous non-technical factors must be emphasized in antenna selection. Generally, the antenna installed in urban area should be small, light, and eye catching. Wind loading The base station antenna must be installed on the top of high buildings and towers. In coastal areas, where the wind is strong all the year around, so it is required that the antenna can work normally against the wind at the speed of 36m/s and are not damaged when the wind speed reaches 55m/s. The antenna itself can stand strong wind. In areas where the wind is strong, the antenna is damaged mainly because the tower or the supporting bar is damaged. Work temperatire and humidity The base station antenna works normally when environment temperature ranges -40C to +65C and environmental relative humidity ranges from 0 to 100%. Lightning protection All RF input ports of the base station antenna are required to be directly grounded through direct current. Three proof capability The base station antenna must have three proof capability, that is, moisture proof, salt atmosphere proof, and mildew proof. For the omni antenna, it can be installed in reverse direction according to installation instructions and the three proof requirements.
Course Name
N-37
Contents
Page37
Course Name
N-38
Overview
The antenna selection is very important. The selection should consider actual conditions, such as coverage requirement, traffic volume, interference, and QoS. Antenna selection is closely related to coverage, so the antenna application can be divided into four types according to landforms or traffic distribution: Urban area, Suburban area, Rural area, and Road area.
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Course Name
N-39
Problem in Antenna Selection

Landforms and Antenna Pattern.
Blind under tower.
Large Mechanical Downtilt.

Distortion -> Interference
High Gain Antenna.

Size, Zero Point, Side Lobe
Polarization.
Loss.
Page39
The antenna is selected only based on the covered traffic distribution, but little consideration is given to the relationship between landforms and antenna pattern diagram. For example, if all antennas used in a network are of the same type, when the antenna is installed at a high position, the phenomenon of "blind under tower will be present because the width of the beams in vertical plane is narrow. Too large antenna mechanical tilt angle results in the distortion of the pattern diagram. In this case, coverage problem or interference problem will occur. Emulation shows that the restrictions on tilt angles must vary in accordance with the antennas with different gains. Too much attention is focused on the high gain performance of the antenna but little attention is given to its drawbacks. As a result, the gains of almost all the antennas used in a network are quite high. A high gain antenna has many drawbacks, including large size, great weight, high side lobe, deep zero lobe, and narrow vertical beams. No consideration is given to the difference between the vertical polarization antenna and dual polarization antenna in terms of application. The dual polarization antenna is selected from the perspective of installation.
Course Name
N-40
Downtilt Planning (Cont.)

Downtilt Angle decided by Half Power Lobe Width , Antenna High H and Coverage Distance D.
= arctan( H D) + 2
Page40
According to the technical performance of the antenna, the antenna gain decreases slowly within half power angle, but it decreases sharply beyond the half power angle, especially for the upper lobe. Therefore, when the antenna tilt angle is considered, the scope between the extension line of the half power angle to intersection point (point B) can be taken as the actual coverage area of the antenna. This formula can calculate the coverage distance after the adjustment for tilt angle. Actual results of on-site optimization projects show that this formula is of great significance. However, the application of this formula meets limited conditions. It can be applied when the tilt angle is 1.5 times greater than the half power angle, and the distance (D) must be less than the distance calculated by the formula when no tilt angle is present. For the width of vertical beams in the formula, it is provided in the specific antenna technical indexes.
Course Name
N-41
Downtilt Planning
Antenna Type 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi 65 degrees, 15 dBi Vertical Half Power Angle 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Cell radius R(m) R(m) 250 250 250 500 500 500 500 800 1000 Antenna Height (m) 30 35 40 25 30 35 40 30 30 Downtilt Angle (degree) 14 15 17 10 11 12 12 10 2
Page41
According to the table, when the cell radius is small, the coverage area cannot be effectively controlled even through mechanically tilting the antenna. In this case, the coverage area can be controlled through lowering the antenna height only. If it is hard for the antenna height to be lowered, the antenna electrical tilt together with the antenna mechanical tilt must be used. The previous methods for calculating tilt angles are mainly applicable for the dense base station networking with the distance within 1200 meters (that is, R = 800 meters) between stations. When the distance from the base station to the coverage target is greater than 800 meters, large area coverage is still being emphasized. In this case, it is unnecessary for you to consider the effect of the vertical half power angle when estimating the antenna tilt angle. Generally, the tilt angle now is 1 degree to 4 degrees. However, because the environment around the base station is rather complicated, the reflection caused the nearby mountains, water surface, huge glass walls has an effect on antenna tilt angle. The reflection of this kind will easily cause unexpected interference against the neighbor frequencies and time dispersion effect. In addition, the shadow effect caused by building roofs, front dense buildings and mountains must be also considered. In actual networking, however, geographic environment, such as the barrier of high buildings and mountains, around the base station can be used to control coverage area. When a network is implemented in a populated urban area, the major lobe of the antenna cannot be directly parallel to the street, or waveguide effect will easily occur. In this case, it is rather hard to prevent cross coverage. When a cell is required to cover the area above the antenna height, you can use a directional antenna and uplift this antenna. The effect of the antenna back lobes must be also considered. Generally, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is about only 20dB, so the back lobes with strong signals will cause much interference against high building coverage. As a result, it is recommended that electrical tilt antennas should be used in populated urban areas, it reduce back lobes. In addition, the effect of the upper side lobe must also be considered.
Course Name
N-42
Urban Area
Sites are very dense in urban areas. The coverage area of each cell should be as small as possible to reduce interference and enhance frequency reuse. Parameter Horizontal Half Power Lobe Width: Antenna Gain Antenna Polarization Requirement Should be smaller value, 65typically. Proper selection can reduce interference medium gain 15dBi (900MHz) and 15-18dBi (1800 MHz) Consider the limited space in cities, Dual Polarization Antenna is prefered.
Page42
Because a large number of base stations are distributed in urban areas, overlapping coverage and frequency interference rises as serious problems in a network. To reduce the overlapping areas of neighbor sectors and the interference between base stations, you can set the beam width of the antenna horizontal half power to a smaller value. Generally, antennas whose horizontal half power beam width is 65 are selected. The base stations in urban areas are not required to cover a large area, so the antennas with medium gain are recommended. Thus the antenna vertical beam can be wider, which can improve the coverage quality within the areas to be covered. In addition, the size and weight of the antenna with medium gain are small, which is helpful for installing the antenna and reducing cost. According to present antenna specifications, antennas with a gain of 15dBi (900MHz) and 15-18 dBi (1800 MHz) are recommended in urban areas. For the base stations on the outskirt of a city, if it is required to cover a large distance, you can select the antennas with higher gains, such as 17dBi and 18dBi. In urban areas, to enhance frequency reuse rate and reduce cross interference, you can select the shaped-beamed antenna with the first upper side lobe suppressed and the lower side lobe filled. Because space restriction is present in the antenna installation in urban areas, the dual polarization antenna is recommended. And it is better to select the antenna with a smaller size when the electrical specifications of the antennas are the same or nearly the same.
Course Name
N-43
Suburban Area
Because the environment is suburban areas are largely different from that of urban areas, antennas used in suburban areas can be selected according to the required coverage area. Parameter Horizontal Half Power Lobe Width: Antenna type Requirement 65 or 90 can be selected According to actual conditions. Omni antennas are not recommended for smooth expansion in the future.
Page43
The antennas whose horizontal half power beam width is 65 or 90 can be selected according to actual conditions. If base stations are sparsely distributed, the antennas whose horizontal half power beam width is 90 is first considered. If the base stations are densely distributed, the antennas are selected by referring to the principles for selecting base station antenna in urban areas. Omni antennas are not recommended for the purpose of smooth expansion in the future.
Course Name
N-44
Rural Area
In rural areas, traffic volume is small and base station are sparsely distributed, so some base stations are required to cover a large area. Parameter Antenna type Horizontal Half Power Lobe Width: Zero Point Requirement Omni Antenna is recommended. If for wide coverage, high gain directional antenna is required. If directional antenna, 90 is recommended . When high site for wide coverage, zero point filling is necessary.
Page44
Considering the construction cost, you are recommended to select an omni antenna for the base stations whose coverage area is small and traffic volume is low. However, because the gain of the omni antenna is low, the coverage of an omni antenna is shorter than that of a directional antenna. When the base station is required to cover a long distance, the directional antenna must be selected to realize the coverage. Generally, a high gain vertical polarization antenna whose horizontal half power beam width is 90 is recommended. One point needs to be noted. That is, if the base station antenna is installed at a high position, but the area needs to be covered lies in a low location (the depression angle is greater than 5), when an omni antenna is used, the kind with a preset tilt angle or with zero point filling function are recommended to improve the coverage quality of this area. In this case, the phenomenon of blind under tower and the signal fluctuation caused by uneven coverage can be avoided.
Course Name
N-45
Road Coverage
To cover the areas along railways and highroads, a directional antenna with narrow beams can be selected. To cover the highroads and the villages scattered around the highroads, an omni antenna can be selected. To cover highroads only, an 8-shaped antenna can be selected. To cover the highroads and the towns on one side of the highroads, the 210antenna can be selected.
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Course Name
N-46
Road Coverage (Cont.)
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Course Name
N-47
Road Coverage
Page47
Course Name
N-48
Reference
Landform Urban Suburban Plains & Rural Type Directional Directional Directional Omni Directional Expressways Reference Generally, select low or medium gains and preset electrical tilt angle. Generally, select the antennas with high gain; both electrical and mechanical tilt antenna are ok. Generally, select the 90 antennas. Select the antennas with zero point filling. First select the 8-shaped antennas, it is preferred to have zero point filling function.
Directional First consider the 210 antennas, and then consider using the + Omni directional antenna and omni antenna together. Omni Moutain top, first consider the antennas with zero point filling function, and then consider the antennas with low gain. Moutain side, first consider the antennas with low gain and wide vertical beams.
Mountain Directional
Page48
Course Name
N-49
Contents
Page49
Course Name
N-50
Contents
5. Electric Downtilt Antenna
1.1 Basics 1.2 Antenna system
Page50
Course Name
N-51
Electric Downtilt Antenna

In Electric Downtilt Antenna, feeding network is used to adjust amplitude& phase of input signal from different path, so as to form radiation beam with a certain shape.
Page51
Course Name
N-52
Classification
FET (Fixed Electric Downtilt)
Electric Downtilt is fixed
MET (Mechanical Electric Downtilt)

Electric Downtilt is changed by knob or pulling bar
RET (Remote Electric Downtilt)

Electric Downtilt is changed by OMC. Add RCU (Remote Control Unit) to MET.
Page52
Course Name
N-53
MET and RET

Radome Radome
Pulling bar
RCU Control cable (DC+ control signals )
Pulling bar
MET
RET
Page53
Course Name
N-54
Contents
5. Electric Downtilt Antenna
1.1 Basics 1.2 RET Antenna system
Page54
Course Name
N-55
RET Antenna System

Antenna RCU Antenna SBT RCU
SBT
BT BTS BSC
BT BTS
OMC
Page55
Course Name
N-56
Component
RCU (Remote Control Unit)
motor driving and controlling unit for antenna. Receive and execute command from BTS, drive the motor which drives the adjustable phase shifter, so as to change the downtilt.
SBT (Smart Bias-Tee)

Abstract DC (power source) and controlling command from feeder.
Provide DC and controlling command for RCU.
BT (Bias-Tee)
Couple DC and controlling command into feeder.
Page56
Course Name
N-57
RCU
Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3
Motor
Antenna RCU SBT Antenna RCU RCU Antenna RCU RCU
Port 1 to SBT
Port 2 to cascading RCU

BT
BTS
Port 2 is uesd when RCU is cascaded, where one SBT control several RCU. If several antenna use the same downtilt, RCU can be cascaded.
Course Name
N-58
BT
Port 3 to DATU Board Port 1 to feeder/antenna DC/OOK RF OOK DC Port 2 to BTS
Bias Tee
RF
RF signal
DC signal
OOK signal
Page58
DATU board give the controlling command for Antenna.
Course Name
N-59
SBT
Port 2 to Feeder Port 1 to Antenna
Smart Bias Tee
Port 3 to RCU
RF signal
DC signal
OOK signal
RS485 signal
Page59
Course Name
N-60
Summary
In this course, we have learned: Antenna working principles Important Antenna specifications Choose correct type of antenna in different situation Electric Downtilt Antenna
Page60
Course Name
N-61
Thank you
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Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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GSM/CDMA Panel Antenna

Main Feeder7/8 BTS Feeder Support Feeder Clip Lightning Arrester

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Antenna Type By Direction

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Antenna Type By Structure

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Antenna Type By Polarization

Uni-polarization Directional antenna

Dual polarization Directional antenna

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Antenna Radiation (Cont.)

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Antenna Radiation (Cont.)

1800MHz -> : 83mm

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Antenna Radiation (Cont.)

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Antenna Radiation (Cont.)

1mW by one dipole

4mW by array of four dipole

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Antenna Radiation (Cont.)

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Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

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