MATHEMATICS 2

FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER 6
THE FUNCTION OF COMPOSITION AND
INVERSE
Function
1. Definition of function

Definition
A relation between the set A to set B is called a function or a mapping if and only if
ever member of the set A corresponds to exactly one member of the set B.

The function of f maps the set A set to the set B is symbolized as


The set A is called the domain, symbolized by
The set B is called the codomain, symbolized by
is called the range, symbolized by
B A f :
f
D
f
K
f
R
} { A x R y x B y e e e , ) , (
A
2. Characteristic Of Function
a. Surjective Function

The range of the function of f is
So, .
It means that the range of function of f
Is the set of Q.



Definition
A function of with the range of the function f is equal to the set of Q called
surjective function or onto function.
Q P f :
} { . 9 , 4 , 1 = R
Q R
f
=
b. Injective Function
A function where each member of the domain
relates to exactly one member of codomain is
called an injective function (an 1-1 function).


Definition
The function of is called an injective function if each and
apply
Q P f : P P P e
2 1
,
2 1
P P = ). ( ) (
2 1
P f P f =
Example
Given that function of below, investigate if it is an injective
function!

Answer :
Take where , then
and



Thus, the function of is an
Injective function.
The diagram of in the right shows that
For any the domain of then
Therefore, the function of is an
Injective function.
R x x x f y e = = , 3 2 ) (
R x x e
2 1
,
2 1
x x =
3 2 ) (
1 1
= x x f 3 2 ) (
2 2
= x x f
) ( ) (
3 2 3 2
2 1
2 1
x f x f
x x
=
=
3 2 ) (
1 1
= x x f
3 2 ) (
1 1
= x x f
e
2 1
, x x
2 1
x x =
) ( ) (
2 1
x f x f =
3 2 ) ( = = x x f y
Definition
The function of is called a bijective function if it is a surjective and an
injective function.
c. Bijective Function
B A f :
Composition Function
1. The Rules of Composition from several function
Using the functions of f and g can be composed a function called the composition of
function yaitu ( read f dot g or f noktah g )

The relation among the sets of A, B, and C
Can be expressed in the following notation.
or
or
and



g f
, : , : , : C A h C B g B A f
z x h z y g y x f : , : , :
) (x h z = ) ( y g z =
B
The equation of is equivalent to , whereas
, then it can be concluded that


The domain of function is the domain of function f. in order that then
the range of the function f is the subset of the domain of the function g or
). (x h z =
| | ) ( ) ( ) ( x f g y g x h = =
) )( ( ) ( x f g x h =
)) ( ( ) )( ( x f g x f g =
f g f g
. O =
g f
D R
2. Value of Composition Functions
To determine the value of the compositions can be done by first determining the rules
for the composition function or can also be directly calculated step by step.

Example
The function of and are determined by and
. Determine the value of :
a. b.

Answer :
a. b.
R R f : R R g : 6 3 ) ( + = x x f
2
5 ) ( x x g =
) 2 )( ( f g
) 1 )( ( g f
) 2 )( ( f g
0
0 . 5
) 0 (
) 6 ) 2 ( 3 (
)) 2 ( (
2
=
=
=
+ =
=
g
g
f g
) 1 )( ( g f
21
6 5 . 3
) 5 (
) 1 . 5 (
)) 1 ( (
2
=
+ =
=
=
=
f
f
g f
3. Determining the Component Formed of the Composition Function
If the rules for functions of f and are given, then the rule for
function of g can be determined. In order to make your understand, let us
consider some of the following examples.

Example
Given that and . Determine
Answers :





Thus,

) ( f org g f
3 5 ) ( + = x x g 7 10 ) )( ( + = x x g f
). (x f
7 10 ) )( ( + = x x g f

+ + = +
+ = +
1 ) 3 5 ( 2 ) 3 5 (
7 10 ) 3 5 (
x x f
x x f
1 2 ) ( + = x x f
7 10 ) )( ( + = x x g f
4. Charateristics of the Composition Function
Suppose determined the rules for funtions of from
a. In general, the operations on the compositions is not commutative,
means
b. On the composition functions holds the charateristic of associative, that
is
c. Suppose I is the function of and it fulfill then I
is the identity function.
h g f , ,
R R
) ( ) ( f g g f =
). ( ) ( h g f h g f =
) (x I f f I I f = =
C. Inverse Function
1. Definition of Inverse Function
If the function of then its inverse is
The inverse function of f is symbolized by
(read inverse f) And the inverse function
of g is symbolized by (read inverse of g).
So, and


The inverse of a function can be a function (called the inverse function) or a
simply relation.

Definition
The functio of have inverse function of if f is a
bijective function or the set A and B is one-to-one corresponding.
B A f :
A B g :
1
f
1
g
1
= f g
1
= g f
B A f :
A B f

:
1
2. The Rules of Inverse Function
If is a bijective funtion where and
Then the inverse of f is function where
and
B A f :
{ A x x f y y x f e = ), ( ) , (
} B y e
A B f

:
1
{ A x y f x x y f e = =

), ( ) , (
1 1
} B y e
Example
the function of is determined by . Determine rule
for

Answer :








Hence, the rules for is


R R f : 5 4 ) ( = x x f
1
f
5 4 ) ( = x x f

) 5 (
4
1
5 4
+ =
=
y x
x y
) 5 (
4
1
) (
1
+ =

y y f
) 5 (
4
1
) (
1
+ =

x x f
1
f
) 5 (
4
1
) (
1
+ =

x x f
3. Determining the Domain and the Range of a Function
If f is a bijective function, then or , where is
the domain of the function of f and is the range of the functions f.
Example
Given that function of f with the rule of . Determine the
domain function of f so that the function f has an inverse function, and then
determine the formula of for the domain!
Answer :







1
=
f
f
R D
1
=
f
f
D R
f
D
4 ) (
2
= = x x f y
) (
1
x f

4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 4 ) (
1 1 2
+ = + = + = = =

x x f y y f y x x x f y
In figure (a), it seems that the function of f is not bijective so the function of f does not
have an inverse function of f will have an inverse function. In order that f has an
inverse function, the domain of can be given, for instance :


1) If then (Figure (b))
2) If then (Figure (c))

( )
f
D f
} { R x x x D
f
e > = , 0
4 ) (
1
+ =

x x f
} { R x x x D
f
e > = , 0 4 ) (
1
+ =

x x f
Example
Given that
a. Determine
b. Show that where
Answer :
a.

So,




b.





So,
). 3 (
2
1
) (
1
=

x x f
) (x f
) ( ) )( ( ) )( (
1 1
x I x f f x f f = =

. ) ( x x I =
). 3 (
2
1
) (
1
=

x x f
). 3 (
2
1
) (
1
=

x x f

3 2
3 2
) 3 (
2
1
+ =
=
=
x y
y x
y x
3 2 ) ( + = x x f
)) ( ( ) )( (
1 1
x f f x f f

=
} {
x
x
x
x f
=
=
+ =
+ =

) 2 (
2
1
3 ) 3 2 (
2
1
) 3 2 (
1
) ( ) )( ( ) )( (
1 1
x I x f f x f f = =


) ) 3 (
2
1
) )( (
1

\
|
=

x f x f f
)
x
x
x
=
+ =
+

\
|
=
3 3
3 ) 3 (
2
1
2
Based on example we have the following characteristics
a.

b.

Derived from the characteristics of and

we have another characteristics, that is
f f =
1 1
) (
I f f f f = =

) ( ) (
1 1

f f I I f = =
I f f f f = =


1 1
. :
1 1
f g g g g f f

= =
4. Drawing the Graph of an Inverse Function From the Origin of Function Graph
If the graph of the function and graph of the function are drawn in a
coordinate system.
Example
The function of is determined by . Determine , then draw
the graph of the function and in one system of coordinates!
Answers :





It is clear that the graph of
and the graph of
are symmetric to the line of
Thus, the graph of inverse function can be
drawn by reflecting the graph of the function
on the line of

) (x f y =
) (
1
x f y

=
R R f : 6 2 ) ( = x x f
) (x f y =
) (
1
x f y

=
3
2
1
) (
3
2
1
) (
1
1
+ =
+ =

x x f
y y f
6 2 ) ( = x x f
3
2
1
6 2
6 2
+ =
+ =
=
y x
y x
x y

6 2 ) ( = = x x f y
3
2
1
) (
1
+ =

x x f y
. x y =
) (
1
x f

) (x f
x y =
5. Inverse Function from the Composition Function
Consider picture
The function of is a composition functions,
Then is the inverse function
From the composition functions.
It is shown in picture that :
or
or
or

Because and then
. (1)
Even . (2)
Based on (1) and (2) can be obtained :
For any z, it can be concluded that :
or

f g h =
1 1
) (

= f g h
x y f

:
1
) (
1
y f x

=
y z g

:
1
x z h

:
1
) (
1
z g y

=
) (
1
z h x

=
) (
1
y f x

= ) (
1
z g y

=
) )( ( )) ( (
1 1 1 1
z g f z g f x

= =
) ( ) ( ) (
1 1
z f g z h x

= =
) ( ) ( ) )( (
1 1 1
z f g z g f

=
) )( ( ) ( ) (
1 1 1
x g f x f g

= ) )( ( ) ( ) (
1 1 1
x f g x g f

=