Itzel Caratachea 11-5-12 Period 1 Ionic vs.

Covalent Bonding Lab Investigation Introduction: Covalent and Ionic bonds are two ways to form a bonding between atoms. Ionic bonds transfer electrons and Covalent bonds share electrons. Ionic bonds are crystal lattice and Covalent bonds conduct electricity. Both Covalent and Ionic bonds have full octets to be a full shell and to be stable.

Hypothesis: Table 1: The expected results of testing five different chemicals Compounds to be tested Distilled (pure) Water Sodium Chloride Sucrose (sugar) Dextrose Sodium Sulfate Chemical Formula H2O NaCl C12H22O11 C6H12O6 NaSO4 Hypothesis 1: Ionic or Covalent Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic Hypothesis 2: High or Low Melting Points Low High Low Low High Hypothesis 3: Will it conduct electricity No Yes No No Yes

Procedures: Part I: Melting point and Strength of Bonds 1. Fold aluminum foil into square so that they will fit the ring-stand. Place a small amount of each of the different compounds on the aluminum foil. Make sure not to mix them up and keep track of them. 2. Place tray on ring stand and heat for no long than 2 min using the Bunsen burner 3. Begin right away recording the observations, keeping track of order in which they melt and which ones have a strong bonds or weak. 4. Let the square foil cool, than wash it off. 1

Itzel Caratachea 11-5-12 Period 1

Part II: Electrical Conductivity 1. Test the dry compound for conductivity with the tester, make sure to record observations with and (Yes or No) 2. Add drops of distilled water to dissolve the compound.

3. Test the solution for conductivity with the tester, make sure to record observations (Yes or No). Make sure to wash the conductivity tester with the distilled water after each time it is used. 4. Results: Table 2: The results of testing five different samples Name/Chemical Formula: Part I: Melting Point (1-5; High, Med. or Low?) Part II: Conducted Electricity? (Yes/No) Dry Dissolve d N/A No Final Conclusion: Ionic or Covalent Bonds? Repeat for all four samples.

1. Distilled (pure) water/ H2O

2. Sodium Chloride/ NaCl 3. Sucrose (sugar)/ C12H22O11 4. Dextrose / C6H12O6 5. Sodium sulfate / NaSO4 Conclusion:

1 = Lowest: (already melted) 5 = Highest 3= Medium 2= Low 4= High

Covalent Bond

No No No No

Yes No No Yes

Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Covalent Bond Ionic Bond

After this lab it was concluded that sodium chlorine and sodium sulfate were ionic compounds, while distilled water, sucrose and dextrose were covalent compounds. The hypothesis was correct except sodium chloride because Sodium chloride is not covalent. From the results, the ionic compounds were the ones that conducted electricity in water and had a high melting point that means they are weak and didnt 2

Itzel Caratachea 11-5-12 Period 1 conduct electricity in water. Ionic bonds are formed from metal Cation and non-metal anions so this means that when they dissolve in water, electricity can flow through the solution. Ionic bonds are strong because there structure is a crystal lattice which means Cations and anions are bonded together and that means they have a strong bond. Covalent bonds are formed from two negative nonmetals so they dont dissolve in water.