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Chapter 2
Atoms
The smallest particle, which can participate in a chemical reaction bonded together
Explain the energy and forces between particles in matter Three basic assumptions:
Matter is made up of _____ particles. tiny
speed The tiny particles are in constant ______. higher When the temperature is _______, the particles gain more kinetic energy and move in greater speeds.
Diffusion
A process in which the particles of occupy substance move and _________ the spaces in between the particles of another substance.
liquids Occurs in gases, _______ and solids.
The movement of particles in all direction collision _______ caused by the _______ among the particles or between particles and the container wall.
in water
Diffusion
SOLID
Arrangement of particles Description
Particles are held together forces by very strong _______ of attraction
Property
Cannot be compressed
Closely packed together in Has a fixed manner an orderly ________ shape and volume The kinetic energy of the low particles is _____. Particle can vibrate and rotate in their fixed position. -
LIQUID
Arrangement of particles
Description
The forces of attraction between particles are weaker solid _______ than in ________ but stronger than in gas state Packed closely but not in manner an orderly ________
Property
Cannot be compressed easily
The kinetic energy of the particles is greater than in solid ______ state. Particle can vibrate, rotate and move.
GAS
Arrangement of particles Description
Weak ______ forces of attraction between particles far Particles are very _____ apart from each other.
Property
Can be compressed easily
Has no fixed volume and takes the shape of its container -
The particles have very high ________ kinetic energy. Particles can move freely random in ________ motion.
Inter-conversion of matter
Gas
F C A D B E
Heating Cooling
Solid
Liquid
Inter-conversion process
Melting
B
C D E F
Boiling
Sublimation
Freezing
Condensation
Sublimation
Inter-conversion Processes
Process
Melting
Description
Solid to liquid, heat is absorbed, particles gain energy and vibrate vigorously to break away from their fixed position. Liquid to vapour, heat is absorbed, particles gain enough energy to break away completely from the liquid to form steam. Solid to vapour, heat is absorbed, particles get enough energy to break away completely from the solid and form a gas. Liquid to solid, heat is liberated, particles slow down their vibration and stop moving. Vapour to liquid, heat is liberated, particles lose energy and move more and more slowly to form liquid.
Freezing Condensation
F
Boiling point
D B C
Melting point
A
Time (Min)
P
Boiling point
R
S T U
Time (Min)
Freezing point
THANK YOU
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