PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS PREDISPOSING FACTORS Extreme ages Immunocompromised Immune deficiency disease PRECIPITATING FACTORS Poor sanitation

tion Contaminated food and water Poor food preparation

Etiology: bacterial/viral

Ingestion of contaminated food/water

Pathogen enters Gastrointestinal tract

Interrupted normal intestinal flora activity

Pathogen release endotoxins

Stimulation of mucosal lining of intestine

Invation and destruction of mucosal lining of intestine

Increased secretion of water and electrolytes into intestinal lumen

Irritation of intestinal mucosa

Increased secretion of chloride and bicarbonate ions

bleeding

ulceration

Abdominal pain

hematochezia Inhibition of sodium reabsorption Altered digestion and reabsorption

Increased secretion of protein-rich fluid

Indigestion of food

Inhibition ofprotein-rich fluid reabsorption

Abdominal distension

Excessive release of gas

Watery stool

diarrhea

Abdominal cramping

nausea

Abdominal pain

vomiting

Excessive borborygmi

Los of fluids and electrolytes

dehydration

Dry skin

Poor skin turgor

Increased secretion of proteinrich fluid in bowel