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The latest CDC estimates of new HIV infections (HIV incidence) in the United States indicate that HIV remains a serious health problem, with an estimated 47,500 people becoming newly infected with the virus in the United States in 20101. The data are included in a new CDC report, Estimated HIV incidence among adults and adolescents in the United States, 20072010*, which includes new HIV incidence estimates for 2010 and updates previously published estimates for 2007 through 20092. HIV incidence has remained relatively stable at about 50,000 infections per year since the mid-1990s3. According to the new analysis, there were 53,200 infections in 2007; 47,500 in 2008; 45,000 in 2009; and 47,500 in 2010. Certain groups, including African Americans, Latinos, and gay and bisexual men of all races/ethnicities, continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV. The new analysis also finds two noteworthy trends among heavily affected populations: early signs of an encouraging decrease in new HIV infections among black women (21 percent decrease between 2008 and 2010**), and a troubling and continuing increase in new infections among young gay and bisexual men (22 percent increase over the same time period).
Figure 1: Estimated New HIV Infections in the United States, 2010, for the Most-Affected Sub-Populations
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* Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/#supplemental. ** A four-year period (2007-2010) was chosen for this analysis, to maximize the number of HIV surveillance areas contributing data. However, four-year trends can be influenced by short-term changes in data, and should be interpreted within the context of longer-term trends. Because the estimated number of new HIV infections in 2007 was high relative to the preceding and following years, analyses of changes in incidence for this report are limited to comparison of 2008, 2009, and 2010 incidence estimates. Researchers caution that additional annual estimates will be needed to substantiate the short-term trends seen in this report.
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
DECEMBER 2012
Figure 2: Estimated New HIV Infections, 2010, by Transmission Category 25% Heterosexual
63% MSM
3% MSMIDU
8% IDU
Figure 3: Estimated New HIV Infections among MSM Aged 13-24, 2008-2010
Heterosexuals
Heterosexuals accounted for 25 percent of estimated new HIV infections in 2010 (12,100). About two-thirds (66 percent) of those infected through heterosexual sex were women. The number of new HIV infections among females attributed to heterosexual contact decreased by 18 percent, from 9,800 in 2008 to 8,000 in 2010, largely because of a drop in infections among black heterosexual women (see Black Women on page 3.) Comparing 2008 to 2010, there was no statistically significant change in overall HIV incidence among heterosexual males.
Figure 4: Estimated New HIV Infections among Heterosexuals, 2010, by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Hispanics
Hispanics represent approximately 16 percent of the total U.S. population, but accounted for 21 percent of all new HIV infections in 2010 (9,800). Hispanic men accounted for 87 percent of new HIV infections among Hispanics in 2010 (8,500), with the vast majority of these infections (79 percent) occurring among MSM. The HIV infection rate among Hispanic men was almost three times that of white men (45.5 v. 15.8 per 100,000). Hispanic women experienced an HIV infection rate more than four times that of white women (8.0 v. 1.9 per 100,000); most were infected through heterosexual sex (86 percent; 1,200). Comparing 2008 to 2010, there was no statistically significant difference in overall HIV incidence among Hispanics.
DECEMBER 2012
Whites
Whites accounted for nearly a third (31 percent) of all new HIV infections in 2010 (14,900), but had a substantially lower HIV infection rate (8.7 per 100,000) than African Americans or Hispanics. Men accounted for 89 percent of new HIV infections among whites (13,200). The vast majority of these infections (85 percent) occurred among MSM. White women continue to account for a much lower number of new infections (1,700) than white men, with most infections occurring through heterosexual contact (76 percent). Comparing 2008 to 2010, there was no statistically significant change in overall HIV incidence among whites.
DECEMBER 2012
References
1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimated HIV incidence among adults and adolescents in the United States, 20072010. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2012;17(No. 4). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/#supplemental. Published December 2012. 2 Prejean J et al. Estimated HIV incidence in the United States, 2006-2009. PLoS ONE 2011;6(8):e17502. 3 Hall HI et al. Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. JAMA 2008; 300 (5): 520-29. 4 Purcell D et al. Estimating the population size of men who have sex with men in the United States to obtain HIV and syphilis rates. The Open AIDS Journal 2012; 6(Suppl 1: M6): 114123. 5 Farnham PG et al. Medical costs averted by HIV prevention efforts in the United States, 1991-2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 54:565-67. 6 CDC. Monitoring selected national HIV prevention and care objectives by using HIV surveillance data United States and 6 U.S. dependent areas 2010. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2012;17(No. 3). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics surveillance/resources/reports/. Published June 2012. DECEMBER 2012 5
DECEMBER 2012