Advances

in neuroprosthe1cs for Detroit law enforcement personnel: Building a be;er RoboCop today
T. Verstynen & B. Voytek, Guerilla Science Society
1987

Background
Faced with unprecedented budget cuts and dwindling recruits, 25 years ago the city of Detroit decided to apply discoveries from the emerging eld of brain computer interfacing (BCI) to salvage high performance police ocers who were disabled from severe injuries. As with all technology, the system designed by Omni Consumer Products (OCP) in 1987 needs major upgrades to incorporate newer technological advancements. Here we highlight o-the- shelf advancements to the so called Robocop framework for the 21st Century.

2012

Neural Interface

Recording: 10,000 Tungsten recording electrodes distributed in all primary sensory and motor areas (3000 electrodes in each primary motor cortex). S1mula1on: Reverse polarity 5mV sFmulaFon on each electrode. PopulaFon Vector Decoding Hard Disk Space: 8 Seagate 10 Mb drives (stored in exoskeleton frame) Random Access Memory: stored 16Mb on VDisk Intel 80286 Processor (25MHz)

Recording: 32 channel electocorFcography (ECoG) grid placed on the corFcal surface of each hemisphere (64 channels total) S1mula1on: OptogeneFc interface with combined channelrhodopsin (excitaFon) and halorhodopsin (inhibiFon) using lenFvirus and adeno-associated vectors. OpFmal Linear EsFmaFon + Kalman Filters Hard Disk Space: RAID 6 array of 8 solid-state drives with 256Gb Flash storage each (enclosed in exoskeleton). Secondary cloud server backup (100Tb) when networked. Random Access Memory: 96Gb Dual 6-Core Xeon (Intel) Processors 3.06Ghz Mac OSX (Mountain Lion) [Note: TransiFoning to Ubuntu 13.04 in Summer 2013 for compaFbility issues] Google Glass (960x540, integrated lenses)

Decoding System Memory CPU OperaFng System Display NavigaFon Networking

First Case Study

Background: PaFent AM was a 10 year veteran of the Detroit Police Department (DPD). AM sustained mulFple injuries from bullet trauma in the line of duty, was listed in criFcal condiFon, and placed on life-support. Due to lack of family relaFons, AM was placed under the care of his contractual legal guardian OCP (the external contractor for all DPD services). BCI Device: The OCP Cyborg Program started project RoboCop to t AM with a mulF-system, input-output BCI system using the most technologically advanced architecture at the Fme. This included interfaces for controlling four prostheFc limbs, prostheFc torso, acousFc implants for enhanced hearing and two-way communicaFon, as well as a removable 16-bit, monochromaFc augmented reality visual display. Results: Aaer the surgery, AM returned to the force with a superior arrest/capture/kill record compared to non-BCI counterparts (excluding occasional incidents of retrograde memory interference impairing opFmal performance).

Microsoa Windows 2.0x

640x480 16-bit transparent micro-binocular focus system (256 Colors, mostly green) DoD satellite networked navigaFon (in collaboraFon with the Strategic Defense IniFaFve)

Google Maps + GPS

Satellite link-up and modem (2,400 bits/s)

802.11n wireless networking, 4G-LTE Broadband (not available on AT&T)

Results
25

Conclusions
AM-Pre AM-post

AM Before

AM AEer

20

15

Aaer the catastrophic failure of the RoboCop2 program (a.k.a. PaFent Cain), OCP has sought to revise the previous human augmentaFon program based on humanoid body frame. The smaller frame requires lighter & more powerful neuroprostheFc systems. Modern, o-the-shelf components easily make this an achievable goal.

Kills

10 AM-post 5 AM-Pre 0

Acknowledgements
This study was not funded by OCP or any of its subsidiaries (e.g., Halliburton, KBR, SPECTRE). This work was funded by a generous donaFon of $30 from T. Verstynens pocket for prinFng. The authors would like to thank Stephen Foldes for his helpful comments.