_-.-- a. ..-- ae.a o.. ..-.. .

Important Question & Answers

Q: Draw a neat diagram of a screw gauge and
label its various parts. (5 Marks)
A:
Parts: 1. F: U shaped metallic frame
2. C: Hollow cylinder 3. P: Pitch scale
4. F
1
: Flat shaft 5. F
2
: Flat tip
6. M: Milled Head 7. B: Jacket barrel
8. H: Head Scale
Q: Draw the diagram showing alcohol manu-
facture and label the parts. (5 Marks)
A: Parts:
1. Wash
2. Steam
3. Hot Wash
4. Steam and
alcohol
vapours
5. Condenser
6. 90% alcohol
7. Waste materials
i
2
Rt
Q: Define Joule's law and derive Q =
J
(4 Marks)
A: Joule's law: "The amount of work done in
different ways produces the same quantity
of heat in all cases and is directly propor-
tional to heat produced.
i
2
Rt
Derivation: Q =
J
The potential difference (V) between two
points in an electric circuit is the work (W)
per unit charge expended or moving unit
charge from one point to the other.
V =
W

Q
(or) W = VQ
Current (i) is the rate of flow of charge: i=
Q

t
Q = i.t (or) W = VQ = Vit
From Ohm's law: V = iR
W = Vit = i.R.it = i
2
Rt
i
2
Rt
According to Joule's law: Q =
W

J
=
J
Q: How do the atomic properties vary in groups
and periods in a periodic table. (4 Marks)
A: Atomic Radius: In a period the atomic
radius decreases from left to right.
In a group, the atomic radius
increases from top to bottom.
Oxidising property: In a period
the oxidising property increases from
left to right.
In a group the oxidising property
decreases from top to bottom.
Electro negativity: (EN)
In a period the EN increases due
to the decrease in size of the atom.
In a group the EN decreases due to the
increase in the size of atom.
Electro positive character:
In a period the electropositive character
decreases.
In a group the electropositive character
increases.
Q: What are the characteristics of a good
quality face-powder. (2 Marks)
A: Characteristics of a good quality face
powder:
Opacity (covering power) slip (ease of dis-
tribution)
Adherence (stick-
ing to the skin)
Absorbency (Power
of absorbing oil and
sweat)
Fine ness (size of
the powder parti-
cles).
Q: What is a hole?
(1 Mark)
A: The absence of an electron in valence is
called a hole.
Q: State the Aufbau principle. (1 Mark)
A: Aufbau principle states that electron occu-
pies the orbital having the least energy.
I. Multiple choice questions
(
1

2
Mark each)
1. Formula to find out maximum
height reached by a body thrown
up is-
u
2
v
2
A) h = B) h =
2g 2g

v
2
u
2
C) h = D) h =
2g 2g
2. Distance between a node and next antinode
in a stationary wave is 10 cm, then its wave-
length is-
A) 5 cm B) 10 cm C) 20 cm D) 40 cm
3. Atoms of different elements having same
mass number but different atomic number
are-
A) Isotopes B) Isotones
C) Isobars D) Isomers
4. An example for diamagnetic substance is-
A) Bi B) O2 C) Fe D) Ni
5. The energy gap is highest in the case of
A) Metal B) Insulator
C) Semi conductor D) Diode
6. CaO is -
A) Acidic B) Basic
C) Neutral D) Amphoteric
7. Glass blowing is possible with-
A) Flint glass B) Pyrex glass
C) Soda glass D) Hard glass
8. Bond length of graphite is in A units-
A) 2.45 B) 4.21 C) 1.42 D) 2.81
9. Which of the following is not a by-product of
sugar industry-
A) Bagasse B) Sugar
C) Press mud D) Molasses
10. Drugs which act on blood circulation are-
A) cardio-vascular B) antibiotics
C) vitamins D) hormones
II. Match the following
(Each
1

2
Mark)
Group A Group B
1) Carbon tetra chloride [ ] A) CHCl
3
2) Butane [ ] B) CH
4
3) Methane [ ] C) C
6
H
6
4) Chloroform [ ] D) CCl
4
5) Benzene [ ] E) C
4
H
10
ANSWERS
I. 1-A; 2-D; 3-C; 4-A; 5-B; 6-B; 7-B; 8-C; 9-B;
10-A.
II. 1-D; 2-E; 3-B; 4-A; 5-C.
Rabbit - Functional Anatomy - I
Q: Describe the structure of heart of rabbit.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of L. S. of
heart of rabbit.
A: Heart of rabbit lies in the region in thorax
between the two lungs. It is a muscular and
pulsating organ that keeps the blood in con-
stant circulation. Heart is enclosed by a dou-
ble layered pericardium. The two layers of
pericardium are separated by pericardial
cavity, which contains pericardial fluid.
This fluid reduces friction and allows free
movement of heart. Heart of rabbit is four
chambered with two artria and two venticles.
External structure: Heart is a pear shaped
structure, that is, broad anteriorly and the point-
ed apex is directed posteriorly. Atria lie anteri-
orly and ventricles lie posteriorly. Atria and ven-
tricles are separated by a groove called coro-
nary sulcus. The posterior parts of atria extend
over the ventricles as auricular appendix. The
two ventricles are separated externally by an
oblique inter ventricular groove.
Internal structure:
1. Atria: There are two artia (left and right)
that form the anterior part of heart. They are
separated from each other by an inter atrial
septum. Walls of atria are thin.
Inter atrial septum has a small pore in
embryonic state, known as foramen ovalis.
After birth, when lungs become functional, it
is closed leaving an oval mark called fossa
ovalis.
Right atrium is larger than
left one. It receives deoxy-
genated blood from all parts
(except lungs) through
three major veins, namely,
two precaval veins and a
post caval vein. Near the
opening of post caval vein
is a vestigial valve of
Eustachian.
Blood from muscles of heart is collected by
coronary sinus. It opens into left precaval
vein just before it opens into right atrium. The
opening of coronary sinus into precaval vein
is guarded by valve of Thebesius.
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood
from lungs by a pair of pulmonary
veins, which opens into the left atrium
through a common pore.
Atria and ventricles are separated by
an atrio ventricular septum.
Near the Eustachian valve, in the wall
of right atrium, the pacemaker, name-
ly, sinoatrial node is present.
2. Ventricles: There are two ventricles
(left and right) that form the posterior
part of heart. They are separated from each
other by an inter venticular septum. The
walls of ventricles are thick and highly mus-
cular.
Left ventricle is larger than right ventricle.
Right atrium opens into the right ventricle
through a right atrio ventricular aperture. It
is guarded by a tricuspid valve. It allows the
blood to flow from right atrium to right ventri-
cle only.
Left atrium, opens into left ventricle through
a left atrio ventricular aperture. It is
guarded by a bicuspid valve or mitral
valve. It allows the blood to flow from left
atrium to left ventricle only.
The inner surface of ventricles is raised
into muscular ridges called columnae
cornae. Some of them are conical and
are called papillary muscles.
Extending between atrio ventricular
valves (that is tricuspid valve, bicuspid
valve) and papillary muscles, there are
tendon like cords, known as chordae
tendinae. They prevent the too much
bulging of atrio ventricular valves into
atria.
In the posterior right boarder of inter atrial
septum, an atrio ventricular node is pre-
sent. It gives off bundle of His into inter ven-
tricular septum.
3. Aortic arches
a. Pulmonary arch: It arises from right ven-
tricle. It supplies deoxygenated blood to
lungs.
The opening of pulmonary arch into right
ventricle is guarded by a Pulmonary valve,
formed by three semi lunar cusps. (semi
lunar valve) Pulmonary valve allows the
blood to flow into pulmonary arch only from
right ventricle.
Pulmonary arch and systemic arch are con-
nected by a strand called ligamentum arte-
riosum (remnant of ductes Botalli).
b. Systemic arch (left only)
It arises from left ventricle. It supplies oxy-
genated blood to all parts of body
The opening of systemic arch into left ventri-
cle is guarded by an aortic valve, formed by
three semi lunar cusps. Aortic valve allows
the blood to flow into systemic arch only from
left ventricle.
Very Short Answer Questions
Q: What is meant by diastema?
A: Due to absence of canines in rabbit, in each
half of the jaws a large gap is formed
between incisors and premolars. This gap is
called diastema.
Q: Which vitamin is called sun shine vitamin?
What is the disease caused by the deficien-
cy it among children?
A: i. Vitamin D is called sun shine vitamin.
ii. Due to deficiency of Vitamin D in children,
Rickets is caused.
Q: Name the muscles that help in breathing
movements in rabbit.
A: Muscles of diaphragm and Intercostal
muscles.
Q: What is meant by chloride shift?
A: When bicarbonate ions increase in the red
blood cells, they diffuse into the plasma. To
maintain ionic balance in blood, for every
bicarbonate ion that comes into plasma, one
chloride ion diffuses into the red blood cell.
This phenomenon is known as chloride shift
or Hambergers phenomenon.
www.eenadupratibha.net _.. o.-e _.-..e o.-e _..e e- . e ..e -.- -- .-.
Glass blowing is possible with...?
C.V. Sarveswara Sarma
What is meant by chloride shift?
K. Sreeramulu
(Writer - Head of the Department,
Zoology, VSR & NVR College, Tenali)
Right atrium
Bicuspid valve
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
Inter ventricular septum
Atrio ventricular node
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Sinoatrial node
Left systemic arch Pulmonary arch
Left atrium
Opening of
pulmonary vein
Zoology
Physical Sciences
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