UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS City of Tagbilaran VISION-MISION: A premiere university enabling a person to live a worthy, fulfilling

and abundant life. Her avowed mission is to provide holistic education anchored on the trinity of Virtues: SCHOLARSHIP, CHARACTER and SERVICE PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES: The College of Liberal Arts develops the total person through the integrated approach in humanities, natural and social sciences anchored in the trinity of virtues: Scholarship, Character and Service. As the heart of tertiary curriculum, it specifically endeavors to develop individuals who are: 1. Professionally competent in their chosen field of specialization; 2. Truth-seeking but finely attuned to recent trends in their own sphere of discipline; 3. Open and independent-minded; 4. Values oriented and morally strong and 5. Responsible, useful and service oriented SYLLABUS FOR : PHILOSOPHY 101 COURSE No. COURSE TITLE Total Number of Hours Prerequisite Subject I. Course Description: Philosophy of Science introduces the students to the nature of science as it investigates to the problem of the reality of nature. It analyses those questions which emerge from a deliberate consideration of the methods and practices of science. Within this close examination of science and scientific practice, it encounters questions such as: How is the acquisition of scientific knowledge possible? What is the distinction between science and pseudo-science? What is the nature of scientific theories/models? Do scientific theories represent the true nature of the world, or are they just convenient tools for making predictions and developing technology? Is science rational? Is it objective? Is it influenced by social/cultural factors? What characterizes the scientific methodology? How are scientific theories/models be verified, confirmed or falsified? At first glance, these questions seem to have obvious answers within scientific theory, however, many of these answers fail to provide clear or even logical accounts of the underlying problems which arise. A critical and reflective approach to these scientific questions is the aim of the philosophy of science and of this course. II. GENERAL OJECTIVES: At the end of the course, the students are expected to: A. Explain the historical evolution of philosophy of science B. Explain the major issues and thinkers in philosophy of science; C. Explain the nature of science; D. Appreciate the value of the scientific method of acquiring scientific knowledge; E. Practice philosophizing by evaluating the most recent scientific research and findings; F. Discuss their ideas and arguments concerning important issues in the philosophy of science : PHILO 113 : PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE : 54 : Philosophy 1 (Logic)

III. Course Outline and Reading Materials Time Specific Objectives Frame At the end of the lesson the students are expected to: 3hrs 1. Explain the nature of science, inductive reasoning and the scientific method; 2. Appreciate the scientific method and inductive reasoning; 3. Practice doing philosophical reflection rooted by inductive reasoning.

Content Coverage What is Science? 1. Inductive Reasoning and the Scientific Method Karl Popper, "The Problem of Induction", in Curd and Cover, pp. 426-428. The Scientific Method, condensed and revised by Roland Aparece from Paul Weiz and Melvin Fuller, The Science of Botany in Agerico De Villa. Social Political Philosophy Quezon City: Katha Publishing Co., 1992 and from the classnotes in Modern Philosphy by Dr. Ramon Reyes, MAT Philosohy summer 2006, Ateneo De Manila University, Quezon City Anthony OHear, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1989), pp. 12-34. 2. Logical Positivism and Science 2.1. Meaning A.J. Ayer. Selections from Language, Truth, and Logic. Rudolf Carnap. Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology. W.V. Quine. Two Dogmas of Empiricism. CR, pp.340-361. 2.2: Explanation Carl Hempel. Two Models of Scientific Explanation. CR, pp. 45-55. Jim Woodward. Explanation. BG, chapter 3. 2.3. Critics Carl Craver. Structures of Scientific Theories. BG, chap 4. Karl Popper. Science: Conjectures and Refutations, 3rd ed. (London: Routledge, 1969), pp. 39-59

Delivery Modes/ Learning Activities Group sharing Discussion Movie viewing

Learning Resources Books Websites 20th Century Documentary (DVD)

Assessment Schemes Written quiz Oral Examination

3hrs

1. Explain the achievement and influenced of Logical Positivism in the development of science; 2. Appreciate the philosophical contribution of logical positivism in the field of logic and science; 3. Practice doing philosophical reflection by evaluating the method used by logical positivism;

Discussion Cooperative Learning

Books Websites

Written quiz Oral Examination

3hrs

1. Explain the nature of progress, rationality and science from pseudo-science;; 2. Appreciate the value of logical analysis from the pre-philosophic and pre-scientific ways of thinking; thinking; 3. Practice conducting logical analysis and the scientific method of inquiry;

4. Progress, Rationality and Science Imre Lakatos, "Science and Pseudoscience", in Curd and Cover, pp. 20-26. Paul R. Thagard, "Why Astrology is a Pseudoscience", in Curd and Cover, pp. 27-37. Imre Lakatos, Criticism and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes, Paul Feyerabend, "How to Defend Society Against Science", Radical Philosophy, No. 11 (1975), pp. 3-8; reprinted in E. D. Klemke, Robert Hollinger, and A. David Kline, eds., HPSC 1003 -- Syllabus 2011-12 3

Discussion simulation

Websites Books

Written Quizzes Oral Examination

6hrs

1. Explain scientific change and theory-choice; 2. Appreciate the value of scientific discovery, corroboration of theories; 3. Discuss the nature of scientific change and the concept of paradigm shift.

SCIENTIFIC CHANGE AND THEORY-CHOICE 5. Falsification and Theory-Choice Wesley C. Salmon, "Rational Prediction", in Curd and Cover, pp. 433-444. Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, rev. ed. (London: Hutchinson, 1959), pp. 251-281 (Ch. 10). Hilary Putnam, "The 'Corroboration' of Theories", in Paul Arthur Schilpp, ed., The Philosophy of Karl Popper (La Salle: Open Court, 1974), Vol. 1, pp. 221-240; see also Popper's reply to Putnam in the same collection, Vol. 2, pp. 993-999. 6. Criteria of Confirmation Carl G. Hempel, "Criteria of Confirmation and Acceptability", in Curd and Cover, pp. 445-459. Carl G. Hempel, Philosophy of Natural Science (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966), pp. 3-32. Chalmers, pp. 41-58 Paul Horwich, Probability and Evidence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982) pp. 1-15.

Discussion simulation Cooperative learning

Websites Books

Written Quizzes Oral Examination Reflection paper

6hrs

1. Explain the nature of confirmation among scientific theories;; 2. Appreciate the value of confirmation in scientific discoveries and theories; 3. Discuss the criteria of confirmation in philosophy of science.

Discussion Cooperative Learning

Websites Books

Written Quizzes Oral Examination Reflection paper

10hrs

1. Explain the nature of Scientific Revolutions; 2. Appreciate the value of objectivity as well as personal aesthetics in choosing new paradigms in science; 3. Practice philosophizing by evaluating the structure of scientific revolutions in contrast to the scientific method

7. Scientific Revolutions Thomas S. Kuhn, "The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolutions", in Curd and Cover, pp. 86-101. Thomas S. Kuhn, "Objectivity, Value Judgment, and Theory Choice", in Curdand Cover, pp. 102-118. Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970), pp. 52-91, 111-135 (Sec. 6-8, 10). 8. Kuhn and Conventionalism Agerico De Villa. Kuhn and Conventionalism. Masteral Thesis, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, 1988.

Discussion Case analysis

Books Websites

Written Quiz Oral Examination Reflection Papers

1. Explain the different schools of thought in science: realism, relativism and conventionalism 2. Appreciate the complimentary relation between conventionalism and religion; 3. Practice philosophizing by evaluating the different schools of thought in science. IV. COURSE REQUIREMENTS: Home works Reaction Paper/Reflection Paper Group Reporting Project V. EVALUATIVE MEASURES: Office tests Quizzes: Oral and Written Seat works Reflection papers

Discussion Case analysis

Books Websites

Written Quiz Oral Examination Reflection Papers

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books 1. Introductory textbooks A. F. Chalmers, What is this thing called science?, 3rd ed. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1999. Nicholas Everitt and Alec Fisher, Modern Epistemology: A New Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995. Rom Harr, The Philosophies of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972. Carl G. Hempel, Philosophy of Natural Science. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Peter Kosso, Reading the Book of Nature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1992. Anthony OHear, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. Intermediate-level textbooks George Couvalis, The Philosophy of Science: Science and Objectivity. London: Sage Publications, 1977. Donald Gillies, Philosophy of Science in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993. Ian Hacking, Representing and Intervening (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Alan Musgrave, Common Sense, Science and Scepticism: A Historical Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. W. H. Newton-Smith, The Rationality of Science. London and New York: Routledge, 1981. 2. Anthologies James Ladyman, Understanding Philosophy of Science, Routledge, 2002. J. A. Cover & Martin Curd, Philosophy of Science: The Central Issues, W. W. Norton & Company, 1998 Timothy McGrew, Marc Alspector-Kelly, and Fritz Allhoff (eds.), Philosophy of Science: An Historical Anthology (Wiley - Blackwell, 2009). Richard DeWitt, Worldviews: An Introduction to the History and Philosophy of Science, 2nd Edition (Wiley - Blackwell, 2010).

Richard Boyd, Philip Gasper, and J. D. Trout, eds., The Philosophy of Science. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1991. Ian Hacking, ed., Scientific Revolutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981. E. D. Klemke, Robert Hollinger, and A. David Kline, eds., Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science, revised ed. Buffalo: Prometheus Books, 1988. Philip P. Wiener, ed., Readings in Philosophy of Science. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953. 3. Books by and about particular philosophers Paul Feyerabend, Against Method (London: Verso, 1978) Paul Hoyningen-Huene, Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions: Thomas S. Kuhns Philosophy of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970. Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave, eds. Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. Brendan Larvor, Lakatos: An Introduction London and New York: Routledge,1998. Anthony OHear, Karl Popper London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980. Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations, 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 1969. Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, revised ed. London: Hutchinson, 1959. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Paul Edwards. New York: Macmillan, 1967. Agerico De Villa. Kuhn and Conventionalism. Masteral Arts Thesis, Quezon City: University of the Philippines, 1988. The Scientific Method, condensed and revised by Roland Aparece from Paul Weiz and Melvin Fuller, The Science of Botany in Agerico De Villa. Social Political Philosophy Quezon City: Katha Publishing Co., 1992 and from the class notes in Modern Philosophy by Dr. Ramon Reyes, MAT Philosophy summer 2006, Ateneo De Manila University, Quezon City. B. Internet Sources Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://plato.stanford.edu/search/searcher.py?query=philosophy+of+science) The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://www.iep.utm.edu/)

Prepared by: Roland L. Aparece, MA PM; MAT PH (December 16, 2012)