Homework for chapters 4 and 5

Chapter 4: 3,4 8, 12,13,14,16 Chapter 5: 3,4,5,6,11,12,15,16 Due next Tuesday before class

Lens makers formula-3 media

n n ' (n ' n) + = s1 s1 ' r1 n ' n '' (n '' n ') + = s2 ' s2 '' r2 s2 ' = s1 ' We thus have n n '' (n ' n) (n '' n ') + = + s1 s2 '' r1 r2
Define n n '' (n ' n) (n '' n ') P= = = + f f '' r1 r2 We have n n '' n n '' + = = s1 s2 '' f f '' If n=n'', then

1 1 1 + = s s '' f

Thick lens as two spherical surfaces

s2 ' = A1 A2 s1 '
n n ' (n ' n) + = s1 s1 ' r1

n ' n '' (n '' n ') + = s2 ' s2 '' r2

Thick lens example

Equiconvex lens r1=-r2=2 cm, n=1.00, n=1.50, n=1.33, s1=5 cm from A1, and A1A2=2 cm. Find s2.

1 1.50 (1.5 1) + = 5 s1 ' 2 s1 ' = 30 cm s2 ' = A1 A2 s1 ' = 28 cm

1.5 1.33 (1.33 1.5) + = 28 s2 '' 2 s2 '' = +9.6 cm

Thick lens Graphical solution

Focal points and Principal points

Principal points f and f measured off H and H

n '' f '' = n f

Principal planes can be out of the physical lens (wiki images, H -> H)

Sign convention
All from left to right Up is positive for object and image dimensions
Left s s f f r AB + + Right + + + +

n n '' n n '' + = = s s '' f f '' V + V '' = P n '' sf s '' = s s f

If n=n'', then f=f'' and 1 1 1 1 + = = s s '' f f ''

Planes of unit magnification

n n '' n n '' + = = s s '' f f '' V + V '' = P n '' sf s '' = s s f

If n=n'', then f=f'' and 1 1 1 1 + = = s s '' f f ''

The oblique ray method

r1=3cm, r2=-5.0 cm, d=2.0 cm, n= 1.50, n=n=1.00

n n ' n ' n n ' n '' n '' n ' and = = = = f1 f1 ' r1 f 2 f 2 '' r2 These give f1 =+6.0 cm, f1'=9.0 cm, f 2 '=+15.0 cm and f 2 ''=10.0 cm

General thick lens formulae

n n ' n '' dn '' n '' = + = f f1 ' f 2 '' f1 ' f 2 '' f ''

A1F= f (1 A1H=+f d f2 ' d ) f1 '
5.25 and 5.26 for Fs

d ) f2 '

A 2 F''=+f ''(1 A 2 H''= f ''

d f1 '

d P = P + P2 P P2 1 1 n' n d A1F= (1 P2 ) P n' n d P2 A1H=+ P n' n '' d A 2 F''=+ (1 P ) 1 P n' n '' d A 2 H''= P 1 P n'

General thick lens formulae-Principal points

Textbook gives H derivation 5.25 and 5.26 for Fs

A1 F1 ' A2 F1 ' f ' f ' d j f ' d = or 1 = 1 or = 1 AT1 A2T2 h j h f1 ' 1 H '' F '' A2 F '' f '' f '' H '' A2 j f '' H '' A2 = or = or = H '' N '' A2T2 h j h f '' A 2 H''= f '' d d Similarly A1H'= + f '' f1 ' f2 '

The oblique ray method-Another example

r1=+1.5cm, r2=+1.50 cm, d=2.0 cm, n=1.0, n= 1.60, n=1.30

n n ' n ' n n ' n '' n '' n ' = = and = = f1 f1 ' r1 f 2 f 2 '' r2 These give f1 =+2.5 cm, f1'=+4.0 cm, f 2 '=-8.0 cm and f 2''=-6.5 cm

The oblique ray method-Another example

f1 =+2.5 cm, f1'=+4.0 cm, f 2 '= 8.0 cm and f 2 ''= 6.5 cm n n ' n '' dn '' = + = = 0.30 f f1 ' f 2 '' f1 ' f 2 '' d A1F= f (1 )= f2 ' d A1H=+f = f2 ' d A 2 F''=+f ''(1 )= f1 ' d A 2 H''= f '' = f1 '
r1=+1.5cm, r2=+1.50 cm, d=2.0 cm, n=1.0, n= 1.60, n=1.30

Vertex Power
Recall A1F= f (1 d n d ) or A1F= (1 P2 ) f2 ' P n'

d n '' d A 2 F''=+f ''(1 ) or A 2 F''=+ (1 P ) 1 f1 ' P n' Vertex power or effective power Pv = n '' P = and A 2 F'' is called the b.f.l A 2 F'' (1 d P ) 1 n' Neutralizing Power

n P Pn = = and A1F is called the f.f.l d A1F (1 P ) 2 n'

Thin lens of Pn is needed to render the combination zero power.

Special thick lenses

Left lens always positive whether n<n or n>n HH=d, right of lens for n<n, left for n>n Concentric lens on the right-notice C1,C2, H, and H

Nodal points
Extending the incoming and outgoing rays until they cross the optical axis locates the nodal points N1 and N2. Nodal points and principal points are coincident if the lens is surrounded on both sides by the same medium Notice that since rays directed toward the nodal points exit at the same angle, the lens may be rotated about either nodal point without altering the image. Line through C is undeviated

Graphical-Nodal points

s=6.0 cm, f=10.0 cm, what is s&m? s=12.0 cm, f=-6.0 cm, what is s&m?

Graphical-Nodal points

NN '' = HH '' f = FH = N '' F '' f '' = H '' F '' = FN

y '' s '' HN m= = y s + HN and n '' n d n '' n HN = f '' , A1 N = f ( + ) n '' f2 ' n ''

Thin lens combinations-as a thick lens

A thin lens is when H and H coincide

Thin lens combinations-as a thick lens

Thin lens 1, r1=-r2=4cm,n1=1.50, thin lens 2, r1=-r2=-6.0cm,n2=1.60, n=1,n=1.33,n=1.0 Find P, A1F,A2F, A1H,A2H

Thick lens combination and other cardinal points

Left Out

Rotating a lens about the nodal point

Rotation of a lens about its secondary nodal point shifts the refracted rays but not the image

Finding the nodal points-the nodal slide

Panoramic camera-rotation around a nodal point-Need very smooth rotation