Determination of the Enthalpy Change for Solutions Purpose: To determine the enthalpy change in kJ/mole for Calcium Chloride

solution and Ammonium Chloride solution Materials needed: Styrofoam cups, electronic balance, thermometer, scoopula, graduated cylinder, and a beaker Procedure: 1. Using the data in the standard enthalpy reference sheet, calculate the theoretical enthalpy, in kJ/mole, when 1.0 mole of calcium chloride dissolves in water 2. Using the data in the standard enthalpy reference sheet, calculate the theoretical enthalpy, in kJ/mole, when 1.0 mole of ammonium chloride dissolves in water 3. Place 100.0 ml of water in a Styrofoam cup. Record the initial temperature in the data table. 4. Record the initial temperature of the water. 5. Measure 1.0 grams of calcium chloride. Record the exact mass in the data table. 6. Place the calcium chloride in the Styrofoam cup and record the final temperature. 7. Repeat the above process using 1.0 gram of ammonium chloride Data Table: CaCl2 NH4Cl A. Mass of Water ________ grams A. Mass of Water ________ grams B. Mass of CaCl2 used ________ grams B. Mass of NH4Cl used ________ grams C. Initial temp.of water ________ C C. Initial temp.of water ________ C D. Final temp of water ________ C D. Final temp.of water ________ C E. Change in temp.of water ________ C E. Change in temp.of water ________ C Calculations: 1. The reaction for the dissolving of calcium chloride in water is the following: CaCl2 (s) Ca+2 (aq) + 2 Cl - (aq) Where Hf numerical values are 795.8 kJ/mole, 543.0 kJ/mole, and 167.5 kJ/mole for CaCl2, Ca+2, and Cl - respectively. Determine the theoretical enthalpy for the above reaction.

2. The reaction for the dissolving of ammonium chloride in water is the following: NH4Cl (s) + NH4+ (aq) + Cl (aq) Where Hf numerical values are 314.5 kJ/mole, 132.8 kJ/mole, and 167.5 kJ/mole for NH4Cl, NH4+, and Cl respectively. Calculate the theoretical enthalpy for the above reaction.

3. By using Q = mcT, determine the amount of heat, in kJ, by the dissolving of the calcium chloride in water.

4. Compute the number of kJ/mole of heat involved in the dissolving of 1.00 mole of calcium chloride in water.

5. Based upon the theoretical calculation and the above experimental calculation, determine the percent error for the dissolving of one mole of calcium chloride in water.

6. By using Q = mcT, determine the amount of heat, in kJ, by the dissolving of the ammonium chloride in water.

7. Compute the number of kJ/mole of heat involved in the dissolving of 1.00 mole of ammonium chloride in water.

8.

Based upon the theoretical calculation and the above experimental calculation, determine the percent error for the dissolving of one mole of ammonium chloride in water.