BIOLOGY PRACTICE REPORT PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A. THEORY
Photosynthesis is a complex biological process. This process can only be dilakukkan by plants that have chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a plant pigment found in chloroplasts. In order to take the process of photosynthesis takes energy from light. Chlorophyll function in the absorption of light. In addition, the process of photosynthesis also requires other ingredients are CO2 and H2O (water). The end result of the process of photosynthesis are carbohydrates and oxygen. Carbohydrates are the first solid formed is glucose. The process of photosynthesis can be summarized in the following equation

CO2 + H2O + energy light

the green plant

C6H12O6 + O2

The rate of photosynthesis is affected by various factors, among temperature, intensity of light, CO2 and others. In this lab will be shown and demonstrated some facts to support the mastery of the process of photosynthesis. Activity 1 and 2 will prove that photosynthesis produces carbohydrates and gas. Activity 3 will see how the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis light.

B. PURPOSE
1. Showed that photosynthesis produces carbohydrates 2. Proving that photosynthesis produces gas

C. DATA RESULT Activity 1

series of tools on the process of photosynthesis produces carbohydrates

After the leaves bougevil lifted from alcohol

After the leaves boungevil spilled Lugol

Activity 2

images on activities 2

Activity 3

images on activities 3

D. ANALYSIS
ACTIVITY 1
In this experiment, aimed to prove whether the process of photosynthesis produces carbohydrates. Test carbohydrate by partially closing leaf rose with aluminiumfoil all day. Then cover aluminiumfoil opened and leaves boiled until tender in order to make the cells in the leaves of the boungevil is dead. Making it easier chlorophyll from the leaves of the boungevil off later. After wilting, leaf put in hot alcohol causes the chlorophyll to break down chlorophyll luruhnya make the test carbohydrates do. In accordance with existing theory that produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis reaction equation:

6 CO2 + 6H2O -----> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Apparently the experiment proved, because after leaf chlorophyll roses shed. Rose leaves with drops of Lugol solution. Apparently the leaves are covered with aluminum foil during the day pale. It is proved that the leaves are no carbs. Because Lugol detect starch indicator to change color to blue-black leaves. Pale leaf color (no starch) because the leaves were not during the process of photosynthesis in the lid with aluminum foil.

ACTIVITY 2
In the second activity, to hidrila illuminated by light bulbs, produce a lot of air bubbles coming from the base of the stem, the bubbles rise to the top end of the tube. The longer the bubble is growing. Once the bubbles produced by 1 ml of water is slowly removed, lest the air that entered. Bubbles can occur because the process of photosynthesis that takes place on the device enough sunlight and sufficient sources of CO2. Then when coals put into the mouth of the test tube, the burning embers. This indicates that the gas bubbles are generated O2. While the beaker is stored in a dark place, relatively little, it is due to the lack of light on the tube, so there is no photosynthesis. So when the coal fed into the test tube mouth, burning coals is not because there is no gas in the tube is formed so that there is no reaction.

ACTIVITY 3
In this experiment aims to see whether there is influence of light intensity the rate of photosynthesis. Hydrilla is placed in NaHCO3 solution and irradiated with light having photosynthesis, it is characterized by the appearance of air bubbles coming from the Hydrilla. At Hydrilla is illuminated with lights at a distance of 10 cm, at 5 minutes appears little air bubbles, and then at 5-minute second to 5 minutes to four bubbles that appear more and more. This

indicates that the greater the rate of photosynthesis is characterized by the increasing number of bubbles of air (oxygen) as a result of the reaction of photosynthesis. At the distance of the light was changed to 30 cm, in the first 5 minutes of air bubbles that form more than the air bubbles are formed in the first 5 minutes at a distance of 10 cm, this is due Hydrilla has received radiation is longer when the light is at a distance of 10 cm to 30 cm before excluded. but in the next 5 minutes reduced the number of bubbles which then rise again and be a constant, but the number of bubbles in a distance of 30 cm at every 5 minutes less than the number of bubbles formed at a distance of 10 cm. Great light intensity is inversely proportional to the distance, ie the smaller the distance, the greater the intensity of the light that forms the contrary, the greater the distance, the smaller the intensity of light that form. At the time of the lamp placed 10 cm from the Hydrilla, the lamp has a luminous intensity greater than when the lamp is placed as far as 30 cm of Hydrilla. When the distance is small, the light intensity, and that happened too many bubbles. At large distances, the light intensity is small, and the bubbles that occur too little. This proves that the amount of light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis, because the greater the intensity of light bubbles of air (oxygen), which is a form of photosynthesis fotositesisnya mean much faster rate, while a small light intensity, air bubbles (oxygen) formed slightly, this mean photosynthetic rate is slow. However at this time there are some experimental error in order to get results that are not valid, the first error should occur when the distance changes the lights, Hydrilla used must be replaced so that the water is not influenced by previous irradiation, and the results also depend on the number of Hydrilla used , the more the result of photosynthesis Hydrilla formed will be more than if you only use one Hydrilla, and the last is the accuracy of the observer who sometimes missed to see bubbles forming.

E. CONCLUSION
1. Conclusion on this experiment proves that the process of photosynthesis produces carbohydrates. Because the leaves are closed all day after the aluminum foil etched with Lugol pale indicating the piece is not contained carbohydrate. But in the trial yesterday, leaves roses we cover with aluminum foil less dense. So the color difference is not too obvious leaf color pale. 2. The process of photosynthesis requires light 3. Photosynthesis produces gas which proved the presence of air bubbles in a test tube. 4. In a dark place plants can not photosynthesize. 5. The amount of light intensity depending on the distance from the light source.

6. Light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis, the greater the intensity of the light then the faster the rate of photosynthesis, whereas the smaller the rate of photosynthetic light intensity will be slower. But when the light intensity is too big can ruin chlorophyll this resulted in reduced rate of photosynthesis.

F. REFERENCES
Kimbal, J. W.1997. biology. Addison Wesley Publ. Co. Reading massachusetts. McFadden, C.H and W.T. keeton. 1995. Biology An Exploration of life.W.Wnorton & Company.inc New York. Pajatmo,W,A. Ratnaningsih dan K. Iryani. 1987. Panduan praktikum biologi umum I. Angkasa Bandung. Sihombing, Betsy. et al., Panduan Praktikum biologi umum. Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Uninersitas Negeri Jakarta. Jakarta.