Lte Epc Ieee Comsoc Rao April 8 2010

Mobile Broadband Evolution LTE and EPC
Srini Rao Fellow of Technical Staff Motorola Enterprise Mobility Solutions
Motorola General Business
Agenda
LTE Timeline Overview Applications EPC Overview Interworking and mobility
3GPP access Non-3GPP access
QoS and Policy Roaming Voice over LTE

CSFB, VoLGA, IMS VoIP/One Voice, over the top Voice Handover
Future Directions LTE-Advanced Summary

2
Motorola General Business Srini Rao LTE EPC IEEE ComSoC Boston April 8, 2010
LTE Timeline
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Standards
Rel 6 HSPA
Rel 7 HSPA+
Rel 8 LTE / EPC
Rel 9
Rel 10 LTE - Advanced
Trials Deployments
Trials
First LTE Launch TeliaSonera
AT&T trials in Verizon target s 2010, Initial LTE Launch in deployment in 30 Markets 2011
59 LTE Network commitments in 28 countries around the world GSA Mar 2010 China Mobile trials TD-LTE in 2010
Terminology
Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) work item known as LTE
Evolution of GSM/GPRS, WCDMA/HSPA radio networks
LTE strictly refers to air interface, often entire technology (including core network) loosely referred to as LTE (or LTE/SAE) Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Outcome of 3GPP work item - System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
Evolve GPRS and HSPA packet core networks to an all-IP based core
Other terms Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

Radio access network is referred to as E-UTRAN
Evolved Packet System (EPS)

End-to-end system including LTE terminals, E-UTRAN, and Core network
LTE Drivers
UMTS-HSPA Voice and Data Traffic1
Explosive growth in mobile data traffic

Rise in adoption of broadband wireless devices
Smart phones, modems, integrated PCs/Laptops
Popularity of video, apps Flat rate data plans
Need for improved cost efficiency

Expected cost per Mbps on HSPA is 14% of cost on EDGE, and LTE would be 3% of EDGE cost2 Cost per MB expected to drop from 0.06 for WCDMA to 0.03 for HSPA and 0.01 for LTE (2x5 MHz)3
1. 2. 3.
Source: HSPA to LTE-Advanced, Rysavy Research / 3G Americas, Sep. 2009 Kris Rinne, SVP Architecture and Planning, AT&T, 4G World, Sep. 2009 Source: Analysys Mason, 2008, from UMTS Forum white paper Feb. 2009
Source: Dr. Klaus-Jurgen Krath, T-Mobile International
Key LTE Target Requirements1

Peak data rates (for 20 MHz, 1 Tx and 2 Rx antennas at terminal) 100 Mbps downlink (DL) 50 Mbps uplink (UL) Improved spectral efficiency (in bits/s/Hz) 3-4 times higher than HSPA (3GPP Release 6) DL 2-3 times higher than HSPA UL Reduced latency User plane latency (one way radio delay) < 5 ms Control plane latency (idle to active) < 100 ms Spectrum and bandwidth flexibility for deployment Channel bandwidths 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz, asymmetric allocation (different UL, DL BWs) Support both paired and unpaired spectrum (FDD and TDD modes using common air interface) Cost efficiency Simpler all-IP flat architectures, Self-Organizing Network (SON) capability etc. to reduce CAPEX and OPEX
1. From 3GPP TR 25.913
LTE Radio Interface

Multiple access scheme OFDMA DL SC-FDMA UL
Similar to OFDMA, more power efficient lower peak-to-average power ratio
Adaptive Modulation and Coding DL/UL QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Convolutional and Turbo codes MIMO Spatial multiplexing (2 or 4)x(2 or 4) DL and UL Multi-user MIMO Peak rates up to 300/75 Mbps DL/UL for 4x4 MIMO
From UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) Technology Introduction, Rohde &Schwarz, Sep 08
LSTI (LTE/SAE Trial Initiative) No. of Resource blocks ranging from 6 (1.4 MHz) to 100 (20 MHz) 10 operators in trials Peak rates for FDD and TDD normalized to 20 MHz > 100 Mbps DL, 30 50 Mbps UL Measured end-end round trip latencies < 30 ms Verizon trial (10 MHz FDD) Average rates 5-12 Mbps DL, 2-5 Mbps UL, peak rates 40-50 Mbps DL, 2025 Mbps UL
7
LTE Frequency Bands

Operating Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 ... 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1900 MHz 2010 MHz 1850 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 2570 MHz 1880 MHz 2300 MHz 1920 MHz 2025 MHz 1910 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 2620 MHz 1920 MHz 2400 MHz 1900 MHz 2010 MHz 1850 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 2570 MHz 1880 MHz 2300 MHz 1920 MHz 2025 MHz 1910 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 2620 MHz 1920 MHz 2400 MHz TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD Uplink (UL) UE transmit 1920 MHz 1850 MHz 1710 MHz 1710 MHz 824 MHz 830 MHz 2500 MHz 880 MHz 1749.9 MHz 1710 MHz 1427.9 MHz 698 MHz 777 MHz 788 MHz 704 MHz 1980 MHz 1910 MHz 1785 MHz 1755 MHz 849 MHz 840 MHz 2570 MHz 915 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1770 MHz 1447.9 MHz 716 MHz 787 MHz 798 MHz 716 MHz Downlink (DL) BS transmit 2110 MHz 1930 MHz 1805 MHz 2110 MHz 869 MHz 875 MHz 2620 MHz 925 MHz 1844.9 MHz 2110 MHz 1475.9 MHz 728 MHz 746 MHz 758 MHz 734 MHz 2170 MHz 1990 MHz 1880 MHz 2155 MHz 894MHz 885 MHz 2690 MHz 960 MHz 1879.9 MHz 2170 MHz 1495.9 MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz 768 MHz 746 MHz Duplex Mode FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD
From 3GPP TS 36.101
Verizon to deploy LTE in 700 MHz spectrum (10 + 10 MHz in Band class 13) AT&T to deploy LTE in 700 MHz and AWS spectrum (Band class 4) 2.6 GHz TDD band being added in U.S. for Clearwire
LTE Enables New Applications
DL Data Rate
UL Data Rate Latency

Video Blogging / Live video UL SD-2Mbps / HD-6-8Mbps
HD Video Streaming
(720i H264)
DL 6-8Mbps
UL Data Rate Cost per bit

Permanent Sync DL/UL 1-2Mbps
Latency
Data Rate Cost per bit

Peer2Peer Mbps DL/UL
MMOG (Online Gaming) <50msec latency
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
10
Why is Core Evolution needed?

2G/3G mobile core networks designed for low-speed, best-effort data Increased scalability of core elements to handle significant increase in number of connections, bandwidth, and mobility High throughput and low latency requirements Key aspects of EPC All-IP flat network architecture Separation of control and data planes End-to-end QoS management and service control through policy control and charging (PCC) architecture No circuit-switched core Support for multiple access networks Not covered Protocol alternatives for S5/S8 interface GTP versus PMIPv6 assuming GTP primarily for simplicity Related topic of on-path versus off-path policy Security authentication, authorization, etc. Charging
11
2G/3G to LTE
Access
Packet Core
Circuit Core
Services
GSM/GPRS
PSTN PSTN
BTS BSC MGW MSC Server SGSN RNC Node B GGSN
WCDMA/HSPA
(IMS, Internet (IMS, Internet etc.) etc.)
IP IP Networks Networks
LTE/SAE
eNodeB
MME
PDN GW
Serving GW
12
Network Architecture Overview

Mobility Management Entity Key control and Signaling Element Gateway Selection Idle state terminal location management Bearer control Home Subscriber Server User subscription data Policy and Charging Rules Function Gating and QoS policy control Flow-based charging control
HSS MME
S1-MME S10 S11 S6a
PCRF
Gx
Rx
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
S1-U
Serving GW
S5
PDN GW
SGi
(IMS, Internet etc.) (IMS, Internet etc.)
IP Networks IP Networks
Evolved Node B Radio Resource Management User plane IP header compression and encryption
Serving Gateway Bearer plane element interfacing E-UTRAN Mobility anchor for inter-eNB and inter-3GPP access mobility
Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway Bearer plane element interfacing PDNs Terminal IP address allocation Policy enforcement Packet filtering Charging
13
Interworking and Mobility 3GPP Access (Gn/Gp SGSN)
WCDMA/ WCDMA/ HSPA HSPA GSM/ GSM/ GPRS GPRS
SGSN
Gr Gn
S12 Gn
HSS
S6a
MME
S1-MME S10
PCRF
Gx S11
Rx
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
S1-U
Serving GW
S5
PDN GW
SGi
Handovers to/from 2G/3G similar to inter-SGSN handover with MME acting as an SGSN PDN GW acting as a GGSN SGSN must select a PDN GW for LTE capable terminals in 2G/3G Model applicable for GTP based S5/S8 interface HSS needs to support or interwork with Gr interface Direct tunnel support via S12 interface for 3G
14
Interworking and Mobility 3GPP Access (S4 SGSN)
WCDMA/ WCDMA/ HSPA HSPA GSM/ GSM/ GPRS GPRS
SGSN
S3
S12
HSS
S6a
MME
S1-MME S10
PCRF
S4
Gx S11
Rx
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
S1-U
Serving GW
S5
PDN GW
SGi
Addition of new S3 and S4 interfaces Support for Idle mode Signaling Reduction (ISR) Enables EPC-only core for all 3GPP accesses, including ability to handover between and within 2G & 3G radio networks Direct tunnel support via S12 interface for 3G
15
Interworking and Mobility non-3GPP Access (Optimized Handover for HRPD/EV-DO)

HSS MME
S1-MME S11 S6a SWx
PCRF
Gx S6b
AAA
Rx
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
S1-U
Serving GW
S103
S5
PDN GW
SGi
IP Networks IP Networks (IMS, Internet etc.)
(IMS, Internet etc.)
S101
HRPD High Rate Packet Data AN Access Node HSGW HRPD Serving GW AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
S2a
STa
HRPD AN
IOS
HSGW
Optimized handover supported in both idle and active states and E-UTRAN to/from HRPD Common user subscription data in HSS Terminal in E-UTRAN receives HRPD system info on broadcast channel or via dedicated signaling Pre-registration (and handover signaling) using S101 interface PDN GW acts as a common IP anchor point User data between HSGW and PDN GW transported over S2a interface supporting PMIPv6 Serving GW forwards packets destined to terminal via S103 interface to HSGW
16
Interworking and Mobility Non-3GPP Access (Generic)

HSS MME
S1-MME S11 S6a SWx
PCRF
Gx S6b
AAA
Rx
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
S1-U
Serving GW
S5
PDN GW
S2b
SGi
S2a
ePDG evolved Packet Data Gateway Trusted Trusted Non-3GPP Non-3GPP (WiMAX, (WiMAX, CDMA) CDMA)
ePDG
SWn Untrusted Untrusted Non-3GPP Non-3GPP (WiFi etc.) (WiFi etc.)
SWm
SWa
STa
Trusted (e.g. WiMAX, CDMA) versus untrusted (e.g. public WiFi) Non-3GPP networks Trusted access networks connect to PDN GW via S2a similar to optimized HRPD For untrusted networks, terminal connects to ePDG using IPSec tunnels ePDG interfaces to PDN GW via S2b using PMIPv6 Network based versus client based mobility For client based mobility, terminal connects to PDN GW via S2c interface (not shown) using DSMIPv6 or MIPv4
17
QoS Concepts
EPS Bearer is a logical aggregate of one or more IP flows IP flows (aka service data flows or SDFs) may belong to one or more services EPS Bearer provides connectivity to Packet Data Networks (PDNs) Bearer extends from UE to PDN GW All Service data flows within a bearer receive same level of QoS Default bearer established when UE connects to a PDN Remains in place as long as the PDN connection is alive Provides UE with low latency always-on IP connectivity to PDN QoS level of default bearer assigned based on subscription Dedicated bearers are setup when new IP flows that require specific packet forwarding treatment are started Dedicated bearers can be Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) or non-GBR Default bearer is always non-GBR
18
EPC Bearer Model (GTP based S5/S8)
Application / Service Layer Service Data Flows Service Data Flows
UL Packet Filter DL Packet Filter
UE Radio Bearer
eNB S1 Bearer
S GW S5/S8 Bearer
PDN GW
19
QoS Parameters
QoS Class Identifier (QCI) A scalar value mapped to specific bearer level packet forwarding treatment
e.g. scheduling weights, queue management thresholds, link layer protocol configuration etc.
9 standardized values of QCI defined Each bearer assigned one and only one QCI Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) Decision to accept or reject due to resource limitations (typically GBR bearers) Decision (e.g., by eNB) which bearer(s) to drop (e.g. at handover)
QCI Resource Priority Type Packet Delay Budget Packet Error Loss Rate
Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) and Maximum Bit Rate (MBR) Apply to GBR bearers In Release 8, MBR equals GBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) APN-AMBR total bit rate allowed for a user for all non-GRR bearers associated with an APN (Access Point Name) UE-AMBR total bit rate allowed for a user for all non-GRR bearers separate UL and DL values of AMBR
Example Services Conversational Voice Conversational Video (Live Streaming) Real Time Gaming Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming) IMS Signalling Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.) Voice, Video (Live Streaming), Interactive Gaming Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Non-GBR GBR
2 4 3 5 1 6 7 8 9
100 ms 150 ms 50 ms 300 ms 100 ms 300 ms 100 ms 300 ms
10-2 10-3 10-3 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-3 10-6
From 3GPP TS 23.203

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Policy and Charging Control (PCC)
PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function SPR Subscription Profile Repository AF Application Function OFCS Offline Charging System
S3
HSS
S6a
SPR
Sp OCS
OCS Online Charging System
MME
S1-MME S10
PCRF
Gy Gx
Rx
S11
OFCS
AF
PCEF
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
S1-U
Serving GW
Gz S5
PDN GW
SGi
PCC enables a centralized mechanism for

service-aware QoS and charging control
Policy control
gating control allow or block IP flows PCRF controls dynamic policies based on QoS control provide authorized QoS (eg. QoS class, bit rates etc.) decision to PCEF which subscription info from SPR, Session info from enforces it AF, operator provisioned policies, access Charging control online and offline network info from PCEF etc. PCC rule includes SDF template, precedence, gate alternatively, static policies can also be provisioned in PCEF status, QoS control info (QCI, ARP, bit rates etc.), charging control info
21
Policy Control Use Case for IMS Voice
1. Application Signaling (SIP/SDP)
3. Subscription Info
S3
HSS
S6a
SPR
Sp OCS
4. Policy Decision
Rx
MME
S1-MME S10 S11
PCRF
Gy Gx
2. App Info 5. PCC rule

PCEF
AF (P-CSCF)
OFCS
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
S1-U
Serving GW
Gz S5
PDN GW
SGi
IP Networks IP Networks (IMS, Internet etc.)
(IMS, Internet etc.)
6. Bearer binding 6. Activate / modify bearer
22
Network Architecture for Roaming (Home Routed)

HSS
S6b S6a Gx hPCRF Rx SWx AAA
Home Network S8 MME

S1-MME S11
PDN GW
S2b Gxc S9 vPCRF
SGi
IP IP Networks Networks (IMS,

(IMS, Internet) Internet)
SWd
AAA Proxy
Gxb
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
S1-U
Serving GW
S2a
Trusted Trusted Non-3GPP Non-3GPP (WiMAX, (WiMAX, CDMA) CDMA)
ePDG
Gxa SWn
Untrusted Untrusted Non-3GPP Non-3GPP (WiFi etc.) (WiFi etc.)
SWm
Visited Network
SWa
STa
Serving GW in visited network and PDN GW in home connected via S8 interface All traffic for the terminal IP connection routed via home network No direct policy control across home/visited network boundary Only through interaction between home PCRF and visited PCRF via S9 interface vPCRF may accept or reject (not modify) policy decisions made by hPCRF If S8 is based on GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP), vPCRF and S9 are not required
23
Network Architecture for Roaming (Local Breakout)

HSS
hPCRF S6a S9 Rx SWx AAA
Home Network MME

S1-MME S11
IP IP Networks Networks
SWd Visited IP Visited IP Networks Networks SWm
AAA Proxy
Gxc
vPCRF Gx Gxb
Rx SGi
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
S1-U
Serving GW
S5
S2a
PDN GW
S2b Gxa
S6b
ePDG
SWn
Untrusted Untrusted Non-3GPP Non-3GPP (WiFi etc.) (WiFi etc.)
Visited Network
Trusted Trusted Non-3GPP Non-3GPP (WiMAX, (WiMAX, CDMA) CDMA)
SWa
STa
Both Serving GW and PDN GW in visited network Traffic routed from terminal to IP network directly Application Function (AF) may be in Home or Visited network If AF is in visited network, Rx signaling transported to home PCRF via visited PCRF using S9 interface
24
Voice Options for LTE
LTE/SAE networks have no circuit core Initial roll-outs likely will support data only devices such as USB dongles Voice based on legacy circuit core CS (Circuit Switch) Fallback (CSFB) Voice over LTE via Generic Access Network (VoLGA) Voice based on IMS 3GPP Multimedia Telephony (MMTel) / One Voice Over the top VoIP
25
Circuit Switch Fallback (CSFB)
Use legacy CS domain for voice in 2G/3G (GSM, WCDMA, CDMA1x) MSC upgraded to interface with EPC
new SGs interface with MME for GSM/WCDMA S102 interface between MME and 1x Interworking Solution (1xCS IWS) for CDMA paging request delivered via LTE paging response etc. and call originations via 2G/3G
S C
ce oi V
2G/3G Core
MSC
SGs
Signaling
MME
EPC
Feature in 3GPP Rel 8 standard

Supported by NTT DoCoMo, KDDI and others Optimizations to address call setup delays in Rel 9 (for CDMA) and Rel 10 for GSM/WCDMA
Suitable for initial stages of LTE deployment prior to IMS introduction Dual RX terminal alternative to new interface requirements SMS also supported over LTE using the interfaces with 2G/3G MSC
No fallback to 2G/3G needed
Handover of concurrent LTE data sessions depend on 2G/3G network capability
26
Voice over LTE via Generic Access (VoLGA)
Based on 3GPP UMA/GAN standard

for voice over WiFi
2G/3G Core
MSC
VoLGA Access Network Controller (VANC) is a modification of GANC
VANC
VoIP CS Voice
EPC
CS signaling and bearers tunneled over IP Developed in VoLGA Forum, not a 3GPP standard
Driven by T-Mobile
27
IMS based VoIP (MMTel / One Voice)

SIP based VoIP for terminals in LTE using IMS Multimedia Telephony (MMTel) standard Support for voice call handover to CS domain in 2G/3G for broader coverage
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SR-VCC)
2G/3G Core
MSC
One Voice profile defined to promote a standardized solution for initial deployment of cellular IMS based VoIP network
Supported by several Operators including AT&T and Verizon
VoIP
MME
EPC
IMS
28
Voice Handover Mechanisms
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

ice Vo CS
(SRVCC)
2G/3G Core
MSC Sv
VoIP
MME
EPC
IMS
VoIP call on LTE to circuit voice call on GSM, WCDMA or CDMA 1x Enhanced MSC server with Sv interface to MME in GSM/WCDMA 1xCS Interworking Solution (1xCS IWS) in CDMA1x with S102 interface to MME
Call anchored on IMS (SCC-AS) Network layer mechanism
29
Voice Handover Mechanisms Contd

IMS based Service Centralization and
Continuity (SCC)
VoIP call on WLAN to circuit voice call on UTRAN/GERAN or CDMA 1x Calls anchored on IMS SCC-AS
ice Vo CS
2G/3G Core
MSC
Application layer mechanism

when access networks do not provide support for voice handovers
VoIP
WiFi/WiMAX
IMS
Terminal makes handover decisions
30
LTE-Advanced
Key feature of 3GPP Release 10, targeted for March 2011 Wider Bandwidth Support for bandwidths larger than 20 MHz (40 MHz, 100 MHz) Carrier Aggregation aggregate two or more component carriers Peak data rates of 1 Gbps DL, 500 Mbps UL UL and DL Transmission Schemes Beamforming, MIMO enhancements Coordinated Multi-Point Tx and Rx (CoMP) Improve coverage, cell edge throughput and/or system efficiency Relaying Relay Nodes forward traffic/signaling between eNB and terminals Improve coverage of high data rates, extend coverage to shadowed areas etc. LTE-Advanced submitted by 3GPP as candidate for ITU-R IMT-Advanced 4G technology solution in October 2009
31
Summary and Conclusion
LTE technology is being proven to meet or exceed initial target requirements Large ecosystem of operators, vendors etc. committed to LTE
Commercial network deployments planned 2010 and beyond
EPC represents an efficient all-IP packet core Supports delivery of mobile Internet services with QoS over broadband radio networks Supports multiple access technologies (all 2G/3G cellular, WiMAX, WiFi etc.) and mobility between these access networks LTE and EPC can cost effectively address the demands of future mobile broadband growth
32

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Mobile Broadband Evolution LTE and EPC

Srini Rao Fellow of Technical Staff Motorola Enterprise Mobility Solutions

Motorola General Business

QoS and Policy Roaming Voice over LTE

Future Directions LTE-Advanced Summary

Rel 8 LTE / EPC

Rel 10 LTE - Advanced

First LTE Launch TeliaSonera

Other terms Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

Evolved Packet System (EPS)

Explosive growth in mobile data traffic

Popularity of video, apps Flat rate data plans

Need for improved cost efficiency

Source: Dr. Klaus-Jurgen Krath, T-Mobile International

Key LTE Target Requirements1

LTE Radio Interface

LTE Frequency Bands

From 3GPP TS 36.101

LTE Enables New Applications

UL Data Rate Latency

UL Data Rate Cost per bit

Data Rate Cost per bit

MMOG (Online Gaming) <50msec latency

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

Why is Core Evolution needed?

(IMS, Internet (IMS, Internet etc.) etc.)

Network Architecture Overview

(IMS, Internet etc.) (IMS, Internet etc.)

Interworking and Mobility 3GPP Access (Gn/Gp SGSN)

WCDMA/ WCDMA/ HSPA HSPA GSM/ GSM/ GPRS GPRS

(IMS, Internet etc.) (IMS, Internet etc.)

Interworking and Mobility 3GPP Access (S4 SGSN)

WCDMA/ WCDMA/ HSPA HSPA GSM/ GSM/ GPRS GPRS

(IMS, Internet etc.) (IMS, Internet etc.)

Interworking and Mobility non-3GPP Access (Optimized Handover for HRPD/EV-DO)

IP Networks IP Networks (IMS, Internet etc.)

(IMS, Internet etc.)

Interworking and Mobility Non-3GPP Access (Generic)

(IMS, Internet etc.) (IMS, Internet etc.)

EPC Bearer Model (GTP based S5/S8)

Application / Service Layer Service Data Flows Service Data Flows

UL Packet Filter DL Packet Filter

100 ms 150 ms 50 ms 300 ms 100 ms 300 ms 100 ms 300 ms

10-2 10-3 10-3 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-3 10-6

From 3GPP TS 23.203

Policy and Charging Control (PCC)

OCS Online Charging System

(IMS, Internet etc.) (IMS, Internet etc.)

PCC enables a centralized mechanism for

Policy Control Use Case for IMS Voice

1. Application Signaling (SIP/SDP)

2. App Info 5. PCC rule

IP Networks IP Networks (IMS, Internet etc.)

(IMS, Internet etc.)

6. Bearer binding 6. Activate / modify bearer

Network Architecture for Roaming (Home Routed)

Home Network S8 MME

IP IP Networks Networks (IMS,

Network Architecture for Roaming (Local Breakout)

Home Network MME

Voice Options for LTE

Circuit Switch Fallback (CSFB)

Feature in 3GPP Rel 8 standard