ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOANALYSIS. NEW DISCIPLINE. Intellectual property 214122.

Chile Psychoanalysis (from the Greek [psykhe], soul or mind and [analysis], analysis, in the sense of consideration or study) is a therapeutic practice founded by the Viennese neurologist Sigmund Freud around 1896. From psychoanalysis have been subsequently developed various schools of deep psychology or analytical and dynamic orientation. Also, the theory has influenced many other schools of therapy and psychological not necessarily psychoanalytic. On the one hand, the concept of 'Psychoanalysis' designates that theoretical model descriptive and explanatory mechanisms, processes and phenomena involved in the human psychic life. Psychoanalysis is a theory of unconscious mental processes, which presents an expanded conception of sexuality, its relations with the psychic events and their reflection in the sociocultural. The assumption that there are processes, phenomena and unconscious psychic mechanisms along with the role of sexuality and the so-called Oedipus complex, resulting in a differentiation between instinct and impulse; as well as the acceptance of the theory of repression and resistance in the analysis paper for Freud constitute the fundamental pillars of their theoretical building, Indeed, the psychoanalysts of the generations that followed Freud developed the theory in different directions, in part by strengthening and complementing their ideas, in part by distancing himself from them or criticizing some more or less central points. These movements of differentiation and integration, have given rise to the existence of several schools with different conceptions or orientations. For example, the psychology of self, the theory of objectal relations (of Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott), relational psychoanalysis, psychoanalysis lacaniano, Buenos Aires. Also, early divisions and divergences in crucial aspects gave rise to independent schools, such as Carl Gustav Jung analytical psychology .

Commonly refers to two topical Freudian, the first in which a fundamental distinction between unconscious, preconscious and conscious, and the second that distinguishes three instances: the ID, the ego, the superego The conscience is the momentary quality that characterizes the perceptions of external and internal within the set of psychic phenomena. The term unconscious is used to connote the set of content not present in the current field of consciousness. It is constituted by repressed contents that seek to return to consciousness either were never aware and its attribute is incompatible with a conscience. The 'preconscious' designates a quality of the psyche that qualifies the contents that are not present in the field of consciousness but may become aware. Repressed States are those that are not them accessible without a hypnosis, usually are revelations through images retained for the lifetime of each individual. It is the oldest instance and original personality and based on the other two. Includes everything that is inherited or is present at birth, it occurs in pure form in our unconscious. It represents our impulses or more primitive instincts . It constitutes, according to Freud, the engine of thought and human behavior . Operates according to the principle of pleasure and unknown reality demands. The Superego is the part that counteracts the this, represents the moral and ethical thoughts received culture. Consists of two subsystems: the "moral conscience" and the ideal ego. The "moral conscience" refers to the capacity for self-evaluation, criticism and reproach. The ideal self is an ideal self-image which consists of approved and rewarded behaviors. The self is a part of the it modified by its proximity to the reality and arises in order to realistically meet the wishes and demands of the it in accordance with the outside world, while it is reconciled with the demands of the superego. I evolved from the this and acts as an intermediary between it and the outside world. Self follows the principle of reality, satisfying the impulses of the ID in a manner appropriate in the external world. Use realistic thinking characteristic of secondary processes. As executor of the personality, the ego has to measure between the three forces that require you to: the world of reality, of the this and the superego, the ego has to retain its own autonomy by maintaining their integrated organization. Specific roles performed institutions do so, myself and superego not always they are clear, are mixed in too many levels. The personality consists according to this model of many various inevitable conflicting forces. Psychoanalysis uses the term impulse (momentum that tends to achieve a purpose) for the study of human behavior . Is called impulse forces arising from somatic tensions in humans, and the needs of the it; in this sense the instincts are located between the somatic and psychic levels. The impulse is an impulse that starts with a body excitation (State of tension), and whose purpose is precisely the abolition of such tension. There are two types of instincts, the compulsion to sexual or life (Eros) and death (Thanatos) drive. For psychoanalysis sex drive has a few stage directions far superior to what is usually considered

as sexuality. The libido is the drives energy, and can present different alternatives as it is directed to objects (objective libido), either direct to the own Yo ( narcissistic libido). Psychoanalysis sets a series of stages through which the development of the subject is verified. From the point of view of these phases, psychic conflicts - and the possibility of resolution - will depend on the stagnation phase (fixing) or return to a preceding phase (regression). Freud distinguished from 1915 various moments and "dimensions" of an impulse: 1. The source which has its origin in the somatic and which translates a tension, a sort of momentum (in German: Drang). 2. The same Drang, i.e. the inner tension that would translate into Trieb (instinct). 3. The goal that can be found in a passive or active state. 4. The "object" of the drive, in the real thing is a medium, a medium quite fitting since only serves to temporarily decrease the tension inherent in the drive. Since shortly after its appearance psychoanalysis branched in several alternative theories. On the one hand were the theories of authors who, although on the basis of Freudian psychoanalysis, disagreed with certain key concepts of the theory of Freud and formed alternative schools:

Carl Gustav Jung: disagreed about the origin and destination to sexual libido, in the interpretation of dreams, the concept of unconscious and how to treat the neurosis. The concepts highlighted in his theory of unconscious collective and archetype. His Division had a traumatic character, both for psychoanalysis as a discipline, as parties involved personally. The output of Jung of the international Psychoanalytical Association and the psychoanalytic movement, which was destined to lead after Freud, had connotations of 'schism'. Alfred Adler: differed with respect to the importance that Freud gave to the sex factor. Adler hypothesized an inferiority complex that would explain the neuroses and created an alternative method to treat them. It was the first dissent important in the history of psychoanalysis (1908) to create a parallel theory that replaced the libido by the instinct of power. Otto Rank: expressed differences with the function of the Oedipus complex . Karen Horney: disagreed with Freud's ideas about female sexuality (criticized that Freud deemed the envy of the penis as a universal phenomenon), the origin of neuroses (which attributed cultural causes), defense mechanisms and the implementation of the concepts of this, I and superego in other different societies of which analyzed Freud .

Anna Freud: raises an alternative theory about development, functions and ego defense mechanisms .33 Is considered, along with Heinz Hartmann and others, founder of "ego psychology ".

On the other hand, schools that extended the Freudian psychoanalysis were established:

the French school of Jacques Lacan ; the English School of Melanie Klein: developed concepts such as early Oedipus complex, the superego early, position esquizo-paranoid, depressive position, defense mechanisms and the envy elementary; Harry Stack Sullivan interpersonal psychoanalysis and its subsequent derivatives such as relational psychoanalysis ; Latin American psychoanalysis, whose pioneers include to Enrique Pichon-Rivire in Argentina, Durval Marcondes in Brazil and Chile , Ignacio Matte Blanco .

Although all maintained the basic principles of the theory of Freud on the unconscious, other parts of the theories are expanded and reinterpreted by each school. Apart from the large schools mentioned here, there are countless other orientations, institutes and clusters that can be derived from the analytical approach. In addition current psychoanalytic psychotherapy which uses a conception and a technique different from the psychoanalysis itself accepting psychoanalytic budgets, has been created. Ecological psychoanalysis it is a new discipline of study as a proposal of the author Pedro Villanueva Gonzlez It covers a broad approach related to the 'I' and the 'ID' from a dynamic process historical, ecological and interactionism. The 'I' is not an isolated factor. Pedro Villanueva called the "self" as "Pluriser" The "Pluriser" is subject to the feel of the body, the phenomenology of the lived experience of the philosophy of Michel Henry is taken into account. The body is a being that he feels and it is affected by the environment. The "Pluriser" is subject to the dynamic interactions of individuals is affected and affects their psychological training. The "Pluriser" is subject to a certain reality and a historical process that consolidates his psychological training. The "Pluriser" is subject to a geographic environment, in a given spatial context.

The "Pluriser" is subject to the ecology and to food. The climate, the types of feeds influences the psychological training. The "this" is not an isolated factor. Pedro Villanueva called the "this" as "Bioser" The "Bioser" is subject to the dynamic interactions of individuals is affected and affects their instincts. The "Bioser" is subject to a certain reality and a historical process which also affects their instincts. The "Bioser" is subject to a geographic environment, ecology, to food that determine their biological instincts. Human history is developed from the "Bioser" where builds culture, depending on the biology of the body, ecology, power, time or process historical, geographic, population and dynamic interactions. Ecological psychoanalysis focuses on the development of the culture from the "Bioser" and not "I" or "Superyo". Ecological psychoanalysis is a new, (year 2010) that is within the theoretical framework, to be applied as a discipline of research. Pedro Villanueva Gonzlez is the author of "evolution of the human species and the female archetype Neogenesis Noumenal". Founder of the sincronistica semiotic theory and among other writings such as the postconstruccionismo and the transestructuralismo.