POWER QUALITY

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

General : General: LV installations LV installations in Hi-Tech Facilities

X X

M.V.
X Building

Normal source.

Backup source.
X Industrial

facilities
X X X X

Computers and telecommunication

X X

process
X

Lighting Air conditioning

PLC

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Parameters Voltage Sags Duration

Definition Between 10 ms to 60 sec 1% Un < U < 90% Un M sec to u sec <6kV peak <1 Sec U < 1% Un >3 minutes U < 1% Un

Guideline few 10s to 1000 in a year

Voltage magnitude Transient Duration Voltage magnitude Short Interruption Duration Voltage magnitude Long Interruption Duration Voltage magnitude

few 10s to 1000 in a year

less than 10 to 50 in a year

Definitions for voltage sag, voltage transient and interruption

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Harmonic disturbances in electrical installations

Today, the following phenomena are observed in many electrical installations due to the RE- INJECTED Current Harmonics: Noise and vibrations in switchboards and electromagnetic devices such as transformers, motors, etc. over-heating of transformers, generators and capacitor banks over-heating of Cables and especially neutral conductors malfunctions and disturbances on control circuits and sensitive devices unnecessary tripping of protective devices / MCCBs / MCBs flickering of lighting and monitors ( PCs / Computer Screen etc.) deterioration of the power factor. All these problems are often the result of major harmonic currents present in the installation largely due to Non linear loads As a result the quality of the Electrical power no longer matches the requirement.

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Linear and non-linear loads

U I

linear loads:
a load is called "linear" when the current it draws has the same waveform as the supply voltage. Such a current has no harmonic components.
examples : resistors in electric heaters, inductive loads under steady-state conditions (motors, transformers, etc.).

I U

non-linear loads:

a load is called "non-linear" when the current it

draws does not have the same waveform as the supply voltage. The current then has a high harmonic content. The harmonic spectrum depends on the type of load.
examples : switch-mode power supplies, motors during Start-up, transformer switching-on.

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Harmonics : definition Composition of a a periodic signal. Composition of periodic signal

any periodic signal of frequency "f", whatever its waveform, can be represented as the sum of :
a sinusoidal component of frequency f, called the FUNDAMENTAL (h1) sinusoidal components with frequencies that are whole multiples of the fundamental, called the HARMONICS (hn). a DC component (if applicable).

y(t) = h 1(t) + h 3(t)

Example :
1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 1

0.5

0.5

0.5

-0.5

-0.5

-0.5

-1

-1

-1

-1.5

-1.5

-1.5

y (t)
6

h1 (t)

h3 (t)

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Harmonics : order and spectrum

Order:
The order of a harmonic is the whole number defining its frequency as a multiple of the fundamental frequency. Example : for 50Hz fundamental, the 5th order has a frequency of 5 x 50 = 250Hz

Harmonic spectrum as a % of the fundamental 100 50 0

Spectrum:
The spectrum of a signal is the graph representing the amplitudes of the various harmonics as a function of their respective frequencies.

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Harmonics - Origins Non Linear load Single Phase Single-phase loads.

RCD TYPE LOADS
* single-phase loads such as PCs and mini-computers * generates high harmonic currents of odd orders ( H3 to H15 ) * continuously increasing in number.
I is

DIAGRAM
L r C v D R U

CURRENT DRAWN IS

HARMONIC SPECTRUM

S=8.5KVA Fc=2.4 THDI=93%

78% H3, 44% H5, 17% H7, ...

100 50 0 H13 H15 H17 H11 H1 H3 H5 H7 H9

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Origins of the harmonics 3-phase loads 3-phase loads.

VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES
* 3-phase loads * Draw high harmonic currents of order 5, 7, 11, 13 * the current is unstable
CURRENT DRAWN IS
e1 C e2 e3

DIAGRAM (without reactors)

I is M

HARMONIC SPECTRUM

S=23KVA Fc=2.8 THDI=124%

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5

81% H5, 74% H7, 42% H11, ...

100 50 0 H13 H17 H19 H21 H23 H11 H1 H5 H7

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Third harmonic in three-phase Power Systems supplying single-phase loads

Phase 1 Phase 2
0

60

120

180

240

300

360

60

120

180

240

300

360

Ph1 + Ph2 + Ph3

H3

10

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The effects of harmonics

Flow of current in the neutral conductor
The H3 harmonic currents and multiples flow in the neutral conductor. The cross-sectional area of the neutral conductor must be increased (1.7 times that of the phases for switch-mode power supplies).
Phase 1 Phase 2
0 90 180 270 360 450

Phase 3 3rd Harmonic, phase 1

-2

3rd Harmonic, phase 2 3rd Harmonic, phase 3

-4

Total 3rd Harmonic

-6

11

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The effects of 3rd harmonics (H3) and their multiples

Flow of current in the neutral conductor
2

Phase 1 Phase 2
0 90 180 270 360 450

Phase 3 3rd Harmonic, phase 1

-2

3rd Harmonic, phase 2 3rd Harmonic, phase 3

-4

Current in the three supply phases. H3 harmonic currents are all in phase. Current in the neutral conductor.

Total 3rd Harmonic

-6

> H3 harmonics and multiples are caused primarily by single-phase computer loads and fluorescent lighting. > The three-phase sources supplying single-phase loads suffer the most from this phenomenon which can result in more current flowing in the neutral than in the phases.

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M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

The effects of harmonics

Increase in the apparent power and over sizing of sources
> Linear load without harmonics : Cos phi = Pf =P/S

S=
S (VA) P (W) S (VA) Q (var) D harmonic

P2 + Q2

> S = apparent power

S=

P2 + Q2 + D2

> Non-linear load : Cos phi = P1/S1 (fundamental signal) Power factor = P/S
13

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

The effects of harmonics

Distortion of voltage:
Malfunctions of sensitive electronic equipment Excessive temperature rise in motors Noise (RF / Electrical) Accelerated ageing of equipment

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The effects of harmonics

Distortion of voltage:
Malfunctions of sensitive electronic equipment Excessive temperature rise in motors Noise Accelerated ageing of equipment

Over sizing of sources (UPS, Genset, etc.), capacitors, cables...

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M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

The effects of harmonics

Distortion of voltage: Malfunctions of sensitive electronic equipment Excessive temperature rise in motors Noise Accelerated ageing of equipment

Over sizing of sources (UPS, Genset, etc.), capacitors, cables... Flow of current in neutral conductor and consequently the Earth to Neutral Voltage Increases
Excessive temperature rise in transformers False Tripping of circuit breakers
16

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HARMONIC ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES-

The pollution of power system network because of harmonic generated by different nonlinear loads and electronic equipments is increasing faster rate. To avoid ill effects of harmonics on operating of sensitive equipments. It is necessary to keep the harmonic contents below safe limit, by installing filters at load end. 1.Series connected Filters:Such types of filters are connected in series with power system networks at different location and offer very high impedance at tuning frequencies. 2. Shunt Connected Filters:It is most commonly used filter in AC power system network and offers very low impedance path to harmonics. a. Passive Filters:Passive LC filters are LC series resonating or parallel resonating electrical circuits, which offer very high or low impedance at tuning frequency, capacity at below tuned frequency and inductive beyond tuned frequency.
17 M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

b. Active filters:Active filters compensate voltage or current harmonics by injecting the harmonic signal measured. The injected voltage or current harmonic signals into power system network is of same magnitude and opposite in phase of the measured harmonic signal. Harmonic Cancellation:The phase cancellation or harmonic cancellation technique is used in case of static power converters to eliminate lower harmonic. Transformer ratio and impedance must be equal The delay angle of each pulse must be exactly same. The load must be equal. Use Of Isolation Transformer:These are used in isolating 3rd , 9th and 15th harmonic. Use of Power Conditioners:The various types of power conditioners available are, Shunt connected conditioner: - used for harmonic filtering, reactive power compensation and load balancing. Series connected power conditioners:- Used for harmonic blocking and can add up to four discrete voltages harmonic to a distorted voltage Shunt and series connected power conditioners:- used for harmonic filtering and blocking.
18 M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Reducing upstream harmonic pollution

Reduction of harmonic currents upstream of the installation A double-conversion UPS acts as a filter

THDI

THDI THDI up to 3% THDI of computer loads 70% to 100%

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Elimination of harmonics Solutions built into the UPS

Double-bridge filter Phase shifting

AC/DC DC/AC

AC/DC

UPS 1

UPS 2

UPS
Load Load

> Harmonics 12 k1 (H11, H13, H21, H23), THD I 10 to 12% > Upgrades on difficult sites > These solutions do not comply with standard IEC 61000-3-4
20 M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Elimination of harmonics Solutions built into the UPS

Passive filters
Noncompensated filter
B e

Compensated filter
Ls

Noncompensated filter with contactor

CP

LP

LF

A I

THD (A) THDU (A) UPS UPS

UPS rectifier/charger

> Simple and reliable. Highly cost effective. > Harmonic spectrum (elimination of H5, H7, H11 and H13 THDI 5%) > Available for different installation configurations (parallel UPSs, gen set, etc.)

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M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Elimination of harmonics Solutions built into the UPS

Hybrid double bridge Active twelve-pulse technology using Active Harmonic Conditioner Sine Wave
6 SCRs for UPS power 6 IGBTs for management of the sinusoidal waveform same results as the IGBT Rrectifier THDI < 4% optimum efficiency independent bridges High reliability Versatile and easily adaptable
22 M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.
AC source

Elimination of harmonics Solutions built into the UPS

Comparison of solutions
THDI according to the load level

30% 25% 20%

THDI 15%
Double bridge DB + filter Passive filter Sine Wave

10% 5% 0%
15% 33% 66% Percent load (e.g. Galaxy 300 kVA) Pn

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M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Elimination of harmonics Solutions built into the UPS

Comparison of solutions
Power factor
1 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0

Without filter

Double bridge

6 pulse w/ LC filter

Sine wave

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M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Elimination of harmonics Solutions built into the UPS

Comparison of solutions

HF filter

Compensated HF filter

Sine wave

Double bridge Double bridge + H11

Dimensions

25

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Disturbances

Line impedance
Type of installation Length of cables Internal impedance of equipment...

The harmonic current from the load.

Type of load Power supply technology

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Generating a perfect waveform

Using the double conversion technique
Continuous regeneration of the voltage and frequency Inverter walk-in to eliminate inrush currents Minimum use of batteries
Voltage fluctuation Interference and harmonics

Outage
Frequency variations

Prefect waveform

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M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Generating a perfect waveform

Using the exclusive free-frequency technique
THDU from 2 to 5% for non-linear loads Exceptionally high and virtually constant efficiency from 25 to 100% load
Minimum THDU
Free-frequency switching

Optimum efficiency
Efficiency (%)

and
Quality envelop < 1%

100

92

95

95

94.5

Output voltage wave

Up to 8 commutations per milliseconds

0 0 25 50 75 100
Load (%)

28

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Importance of UPS internal impedance

Comparison of internal impedance for different equipment Impedance vs frequency
Zs Zc

% ratio of Zs source
to Zc load. Generator Traditional UPS

150 _

Low impedance

100 _ Transformer 50 _

Low distortion
Free-frequency UPS

0 50 250 500 750 F (Hz)

29

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Influence of impedance
The THDU (total harmonic distortion of voltage) across the terminals of a generator depends on its internal impedance.
Zs Zc

150 _

% Ratio of Zs source to Zc load

Traditionnal UPS

Zs
Generator

U=Z I

Zc * Transformers, generators, cables. Zs

100 _ Transformer 50 _

Free-frequency UPS 0 50 250 500 750 F (Hz)

Zc * UPSs
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Frequencies of harmonic currents

30

Influence of the THDI on the THDU

Harmonic currents (THDI) amplify the voltage distortion (THDU)
THDU
A UPS provides voltage

THDI
A server, a variable-speed drive, lighting, etc. are loads that cause harmonic currents

THDU

THDI

31

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Reduction of Harmonics Disturbances Active Harmonic Conditioner- Sine Wave

I source Power source I load Non-linear load I conditioner Active Harmonic Conditioner
The active harmonic conditioner generates the harmonic currents required by non-linear loads. These currents are in opposite phase with respect to the current supplied by the source. The A.H.C is sized only for the harmonic currents The current consumed by the load is then:

I load = I source + I conditioner

32 M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Reduction of harmonics disturbances Sine Wave : operating principle

Eg : RCD single phase type of load.

I. source
2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2

I. load
2 1,5 1

If. (fundamental)

0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2

Source

Is Ic
active conditioner

I.l

non linear load I. conditioner (harmonics)

2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2

33

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Reducing upstream harmonic pollution

Elimination of harmonics caused by the equipment Active harmonic conditioning with SINEWAVE
2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2 -2 2 1,5 1 2 1,5 1

+
I. sinusoidal

0,5 0 -0,5 -1

=
I. conditioner

0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2

I. load

THDI

34

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Reducing upstream harmonic pollution

2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2 -2 2 1,5 1 2 1,5 1

+
I. sinusoidal

0,5 0 -0,5 -1

=
I. conditioner

0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2

I. load

3 The conditioner injects the harmonics required by the load. 1 2 Current sensors analyse the harmonics required by the load. The equipment is the cause of harmonics.

The harmonics are eliminated upstream, the apparent power is reduced.

35

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Table summing up the possible strategies against harmonics

Strategy Live with hormonics Increases the ratings of sources and/or the cross-sections of cables. Reduction in supply THDU by reducing the source impedance. Reduction in Joule losses Difficult in existing solution costly solutions limited to reducing the resistive component for small cross-sections (the inductance remains constant). Requires parallel cables for large crosssections. Does not avoid disturbances upstream of the installation. Does not comply with standards. Same as above Advantages Disadvantages

Special supply for non-linear loads.

Limits disturbances to neighboring loads through decoupling

Partially eliminate harmonics Tuned passive filters Simple solution. Only for one or two harmonic orders. Wide-band filters are not very effective. Possibility of resonance. Costly design work is required

36

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Table summing up the possible strategies against harmonics

Partially eliminate harmonics

Inductors upstream of the nonlinear loads.

Reduction in harmonic currents. Limits the effects of transient over voltages

Increase in THDU across the terminals of the load. Reduction in the DC voltage available for the load and reduction in power. Elimination of only certain harmonic orders. Nonstandard construction

Special transformers.

Completely eliminate harmonics Active harmonic conditioners Simple and flexible solution. Total elimination of all harmonics is possible (up to the 25th order). Adaptable (action configured) and reusable system

37

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Active Harmonic Conditioner : installation points

The installation point is chosen as a function of technical and economic criteria depending on: - available measurements - the required degree of conditioning.

LV Main LV Switchboard

feeder MS1

feeder MS2

feeder MSn

AHC

Secondary switchboard

overall filtering

AHC feeder S1 feeder S2 feeder S3

partial filtering

Final distribution enclosure

AHC
M M M

AHC

local filtering

38

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Performances and results 6-pulse Gratz bridge

2 2 1,5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1,5 -2 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1,5 -2 1,5

mains current without Sine Wave

mains current with Sine Wave compensation (Hn + cos )

I phase THDI S Power factor Cos phi

= 37 A = 88 % = 8.2 kVA = 0.63 = 0.84

I phase = 25A (-32%) THDI (reduced by a factor of 27) = 3.2% S = 5.5 kVA Power factor = 0.99 Cos phi = 0.94

39

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Performances and results

Computer load ( RCD )

2 1,5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1,5 -2 2 1,5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1,5 -2

mains current without Sine Wave

mains current with Sine Wave

I phase THDI I neutral S Power factor Cos phi

40

= 48 A = 81 % = 42 A = 10.6 kVA = 0.77 = 0.99

I phase THDI (reduced by a factor of 24) I neutral S Power factor Cos phi

= 38A (-21%) = 3.4% = 2.6 A = 8.4 kVA = 0.99 = 0.94

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Customer benefits

Operation cost savings Installation cost savings Service continuity of the applications A "ready for the future" installation Guaranteed results

41

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Elimination of harmonics
Harmonic de pollution of electrical installations
The universal harmonic solution Elimination of harmonic currents caused by the loads. Active harmonic compensation up to H25. Instantaneous adaptation to the load spectrum. Elimination possible at any point in the installation. Sine Wave active harmonic conditioner Wide range of power ratings from 20 to 120 A for three-phase low-voltage applications. Elimination of up to 480 A of harmonic current at a single point in the installation. Compatible with all system-ear thing arrangements.
42 M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Elimination of harmonics
Harmonic depollution of electrical installations
Installation and operating savings Reduced energy bills Increased service life of equipment Reduction in the power ratings of equipment and components

43

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Elimination of harmonics Harmonic depollution of electrical installations

> The conditioner may be
Main low-voltage switchboard

placed at different points in the installation, depending on the specific needs. Installation upstream to avoid reinjection of harmonics on the distribution system. Installation downstream to reduce the disturbances caused by the loads.
M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Secondary switchboard Active conditioner

Final distribution

Active conditioner

Active conditioner

44

Elimination of harmonics
Harmonic depollution of electrical installations
Easy integration Compatible with all loads Easy to install Small dimensions
Exceptional performance Total or selective elimination of harmonics Improved cos phi Elimination of current in the N or PEN conductors Reduction in THDI by a factor of
45
Control and regulation Measurement of the load harmonics

Sinusoidal source current

Load current with harmonics

Source
Injection of the required harmonics

Nonlinear load

IH
Inverter

Active harmonic conditioner

ten

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Elimination of harmonics
Harmonic depollution of electrical installations
User-friendly interface Easy set up Complete interface (status conditions, measurements, alarms, etc.) Communication via J Bus

46

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 1 Rectifier load with Active 12 pulse + SW AHC Customer : IT Company , Tidel park, Chennai Equipment to be Conditioned : 1x400 Kva Galaxy Test Point :Input of 1x400Kva UPS , R-Phase Test Condition : With out a conditioning solution. Voltage & Current Current Harmonics Power

Test parameters
V 237.6
47

A 110

KW 17.4

KVA 25.8

PF 0.67

DPF 0.83

THDI 55.1%

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 1: UPS load with Active 12 pulse + SW AHC Customer : IT Company , Tidel park, Chennai Equipment to be Conditioned : 1x400 Kva Galaxy . Conditioning Solution :Active 12 pulse + SW AHC Test Point :Input of 1x400Kva UPS , R-Phase Test Condition : With a conditioning solution- Active 12 pulse +SW AHC. Voltage & Current Current Harmonics Power

Test parameters
V 238.9 A 82.4 KW 18.2 KVA 19.3 PF 0.94 DPF 0.96 THDI 6.0 %

48

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 1 : UPS load with Active 12 pulse + SW AHC Comparison of Results Parameters with out Sine wave Parameters with Sine wave

I Phase = 110A THDI = 55.1% S = 25.8 KVA Power factor = 0.67 DPF = 0.83
49

I Phase = 82.4A THDI = 6.0% S = 19.3 KVA Power factor = 0.94 DPF = 0.96
M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 2 : Rectifier load with LC Filter + Sine Wave AHC Customer : A Data Processing Company , Bangalore Equipment to be Conditioned : 1x120 Kva Galaxy PW Test Point :Input of 1x120Kva UPS , R-Phase Test Condition : With out a conditioning solution. Voltage Current Power

Test parameters
V 237
50

A 34.3

KW 5.6

KVA 8.1

PF 0.69

DPF 0.83

THDI 56.8%

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 2 : Rectifier load with LC Filter + Sine Wave AHC Customer : A Data Processing Company , Bangalore Equipment to be Conditioned : 1x120 Kva Galaxy PW Conditioning Solution :LC Filter + Sine Wave AHC Test Point :Input of 1x120Kva UPS , R-Phase Test Condition :With a conditioning solution- LC Filter + Sine Wave AHC. Voltage Current Power

Test parameters
V 234
51

A 27.4

KW 6.2

KVA 6.4

PF 0.96

DPF 0.97

THDI 6.9 %

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 2 : Rectifier load with LC Filter + Sine Wave AHC Comparison of Results Parameters with out Sine wave Parameters with Sine wave

I Phase = 34.3 A THDI = 56.8 % S = 8.1 KVA Power factor = 0.69 DPF = 0.83
52

I Phase = 27.4 A THDI = 6.9% S = 6.4 KVA Power factor = 0.96 DPF = 0.97
M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 3:AC Drive Load with Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner Customer : Automotive Ancillary Unit, Bangalore Equipment to be Conditioned : 800 Ton Hydraulic Press Test Point : Input of the above equipment, R-Phase Test Condition : With out a conditioning solution. Voltage & Current Current Harmonics Power

Test parameters
V 244
53

A 33.4

KW 6.4

KVA 8.1

PF 0.79

DPF 0.93

THDI 52.0 %

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 3: AC Drive Load with Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner Customer : Automotive Ancillary Unit, Bangalore Equipment to be Conditioned : 800 Ton Hydraulic Press Conditioning Solution :Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner - 20 A Test Point : Input of the above equipment, R-Phase Test Condition : With a conditioning solution - Sine Wave . Voltage & Current Current Harmonics Power

Test parameters
V 244
54

A 26.3

KW 6.1

KVA 6.4

PF 0.95

DPF 0.97

THDI 11.8 %

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 3: AC Drive Load with Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner Comparison of Results

Parameters with out Sine Wave

Parameters with Sine Wave

55

I Phase = 33.4 A THDI = 52.0 % S = 8.1 KVA Power factor = 0.79 DPF = 0.93

I Phase = 26.3 A THDI = 11.8 % S = 6.4 KVA Power factor = 0.95 DPF =M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC. 0.97

Example 4: PC load with Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner Customer : Software development facility , Chennai Equipment to be Conditioned : Personal computers Test Point : Distribution panel, R-Phase Test Condition : With out a conditioning solution. Voltage & Current Current Harmonics Power

Test parameters
V 229
56

A 24.6

KW 4.8

KVA 6.4

PF 0.75

DPF 0.99

THDI 72.7 %

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 4: UPS load with Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner Customer : IT Company , Tidel park, Chennai Equipment to be Conditioned : 3x400 Kva Galaxy + 1x800 Kva SBS Conditioning Solution : Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner Test Point :Input of 1x400Kva UPS , R-Phase Test Condition : With a conditioning solution- Sine Wave AHC. Voltage & Current Current Harmonics Power

Test parameters
V 228
57

A 16

KW 3.6

KVA 3.6

PF 0.97

DPF 0.98

THDI 10.3 %

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Example 4 : PC load with Sine Wave Active Harmonic Conditioner Comparison of Results Parameters with out Sine wave AHC Parameters with Sine wave AHC

I Phase = 24.6 A THDI = 72.7 % S = 6.4 KVA Power factor = 0.75 DPF = 0.99
58

I Phase = 16 A THDI = 10.3 % S = 3.6 KVA Power factor = 0.97 DPF = 0.98
M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.

Thank You

59

M.SURESH,AP/EEE/KEC.