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Conventional sources of energy contribute about 67% of Indias power

production.
Conventional sources include coal, oil and natural gas.
Thermal energy (coal, oil, gas) is the largest energy source in India.

India has the fourth largest reserves of coal in the world (behind USA,
Russia and China).
India is the worlds third largest consumer and fourth largest producer of
coal.
Coal mining in India began at the initiative of Governor General Warren
Hastings at Raniganj (West Bengal) in 1774.

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The East India Company set up M/s Sumner and Heatly for coal mining
purpose.
Coal mining was nationalised in 1971 (coking coal) and 1973 (non-coking
coal). Only the Tata Iron and Steel Company and Indian Iron and Steel
Company were exempt
Coal in India is under the purview of the Ministry of Coal

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Coal mine

Location

Operator

Notes

Singareni

Parnahita Godavari
valley (Andhra
Pradesh)

Singareni Collieries Company

Ltd.

Jointly owneed by AP govt. (51%)

and Union govt. (49%)

Neyveli

Tamil Nadu

Neyveli Lignite Corporation

Raniganj

West Bengal

Bharat Coking Coal Limited

Bharat Coking Coal Ltd.

Produces bituminous coal suitable

for coke Most of Indias coal comes
Jharia Largest supplier of prime
coke coal used in blast furnaces in
India Jharia is famous for a coal
field fire that has burnt
underground for nearly a centuary

Jharia

Jharkhand

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Scheme launched by the government to meet National Electricity Policy

stipulation of Power for All by 2012.
The Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPP) scheme envisions adding 100,000
MW of installed capacity by 2012.
This involves construction of super large power plants each of capacity
4000 MW or more. The UMPP power plants will use coal as fuel.
The nodal agency for implementing the UMPP scheme is the Power Finance
Corporation Ltd.

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Project location

State

Type of project (coal

Awarded to
source)

Sasan

Madhya Pradesh

Pit-head (local)

Reliance Power

Akaltara

Chhattisgarh

Pit-head (local)

Tilaiya

Jharkhand

Pit-head (local)

Reliance Power

Mundra

Gujarat

Coastal (imported)

Tata Power

Krishnapatnam

Andhra Pradesh

Coastal (imported)

Reliance Power

Girye

Maharashtra

Coastal (imported)

Tadri

Karnataka

Coastal (imported)

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India has total crude oil reserves of 775 million metric tonnes and natural
gas reserves of 1074 billion cubic meters
The primary sources of natural gas in India are the offshore platforms on
the western coast. Other sources include onshore fields in Assam, Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, and lesser quantities in Tamil Nadu, Tripura and
Rajasthan
The largest oil fields in India are the Bombay High offshore fields. Bombay
High contributes about 38% of domestic production and 14% of national
consumption
The largest natural gas reserves have been found to be in the KrishnaGodavari basin. This discovery was made by Reliance Industries in 2002

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The largest petroleum refinery in India is located at Jamnagar (Gujarat). It is

owned by Reliance Petroleum Ltd.
The oldest petroleum refinery is at Guwahati. It was established on 1st
January 1962 with assistance from Romania
Part of the natural gas produced in Maharashtra is fed into the HBJ national
pipeline. Gas from other sources is usually used locally
The primary markets for petroleum and natural gas in India include power
generation, industrial and domestic fuels, tea plantations, and non-energy
applications such as manufacture of fertilizers and petrochemicals
The first discovery of oil in India was in Digboi, Assam in 1889
Oil and natural gas comes under the purview of the Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural Gas

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Government has decided to set up 5 million metric tonnes of crude oil reserves
to ensure energy security. These strategic reserves will be in addition to
existing storages at the oil companies.
These storage facilities are to be established at Mangalore, Vishakapatnam and
Padam (near Udipi, Karnataka).
Proposed strategic reserves to be under Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves
Ltd (ISPRL), a Special Purpose Vehicle under the Oil Industry Development
Board.
The proposed sites are located in the east and west coasts so that they are
readily accessible to refineries through marine route.
The strategic reserves are to be in underground rock caverns, which are
considered to be the safest means of storing hydrocarbons.

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Project

Location

Type

Executor

Rakhin

Myanmar

Natural Gas

ONGC, GAIL

Sakhalin

Far east Russia

Oil, Gas

ONGC

Tomsk

Western Siberia,
Russia

Oil

ONGC

Lan Tay

Vietnam

Gas

ONGC

Farsi

Iran

Gas

ONGC, OIL, IOCL

Western Desert

Iraq

Oil

ONGC (contract to be
renegotiated)

Eastern Syria

Syria

Oil

ONGC

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There are three public sector enterprises and two private enterprises in
petroleum refinement: Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum, Hindustan Petroleum,
Reliance Petroleum and Essar Oil.
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) is the largest in petroleum refinement and
distribution. It accounts for 47% of petroleum products and 40% of refining
capacity.
The IOCL is also the largest commercial enterprise in India.

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Refinery

State

Operator

Notes

Digboi

Assam

Indian Oil

Indias oldest refinery (1901)

Guwahati

Assam

Indian Oil

First public sector refinery

Barauni

Bihar

Indian Oil

Koyali

Gujarat

Indian Oil

Haldia

West Bengal

Indian Oil

Mathura

Uttar Pradesh

Indian Oil

Panipat

Haryana

Indian Oil

Jamnagar

Gujarat

Reliance

Largest refining complex in the world

Manali

Tamil Nadu

Indian Oil (Chennai Petroleum

Corporation Ltd.

Bombay High

Maharashtra

Bharat Petroleum

Kochi

Kerala

Bharat Petroleum

Vishakapatana
m

Andhra Pradesh

Hindustan Petroleum

Vadinagar

Gujarat

Essar Oil

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