Module 12

1. The particles of sugar dispersed in water are so small that a clear homogenous mixture results. What is this homogeneous mixture called? Solution Vinegar is a solution of water and what acid? Acetic acid What is a poisonous gas generated mostly by motor vehicles? Carbon monoxide What is considered as one of the pollutants responsible for smog and acid rain? Nitrogen dioxide What refers to the forces of attraction that exist between molecules in a compound? Intermolecular forces All are basic types of van der Waals forces except one. Which one? Heat bonding The three types of intermolecular forces exist in neutral molecules are collectively known as van der Waals forces. This is named after ___________. Diderik van der Waala A dipole has how many electrically charged poles? 2 What is a special kind of dipole-dipole interaction formed when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to the lone pair of a nearby electronegative atom? Hydrogen bond What is the process of changing from gas state to liquid state? Condensation What is the process of changing from liquid state to solid state? Freezing What is the process of changing from liquid state to gas state? Vaporization What is the process of changing from solid state to gas state? Sublimation What is the process of changing from gas state to solid state? Deposition What is the process of changing from solid state to liquid state? Melting What refers to the amount of heat absorbed by one mole of a substance to change from solid to liquid? Molar heat of fusion

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17. Liquid that vaporizes easily are called _______ liquids. Volatile 18. What refers to the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by an increased in pressure? Critical temperature 19. What is a homogenous mixture made of particles that exist as individual molecules or ions? Solution 20. What is the component of the solution that is dissolved? Solute 21. What is the component of the solution in which the solute is dissolved? Solvent 22. Bronze is a solid solution of copper and tin. Which of the following is true? Copper is the solvent 23. When the solvent of the solution is water, it is a/an __________ solution. Aqueous 24. What is the most common solvent in medicines? Ethanol 25. When the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in the given solvent at a stated temperature, the solution formed is ____. Saturated 26. When the solution contains less solute particles than the maximum amount the solvent can dissolve at tat temperature, the solution is ___. Unsaturated 27. When the solution contains more solute particles than the solvent can normally hold, the solution is _____. Supersaturated 28. What is the most common solution on earth? Seawater 29. Solutions composed of two or more metals are called ________. Alloys 30. The solubility of a substance in another substance is affected by the following factors except __________. Volume 31. Liquids that do not mix are said to be __________. Immiscible 32. Water and alcohol are both liquids that can be mixed in any portion. They are said to be _____. Miscible 33. How will an increase in temperature in solids affects solubility? Increase in solubility 34. How will an increase in temperature in gases dissolving in liquids affect solubility? Decrease in solubility 1

Module 12

35. How does pressure affects the solubility of gases in liquids? Increases solubility 36. How does pressure affects the solubility in liquids or of liquids in another liquid? It slightly affects solubility 37. The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution. This is known as Henrys Law 38. What refers to the measure of how fast a substance dissolves? Rate of dissolution 39. How can rate of dissolution be increased? AOTA. Reduce particle size, agitation, application of heat 40. _______ means there is only a little amount of solute dissolved in a solution. Dilute 41. _______ means there is a large amount of solute dissolved in a solution. Concentrated 42. What is the ratio of the number of moles of one component of a solution to the total number of moles of all components? Mole fraction 43. What is the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the volume of the solution in liters? Molality 44. What is the process of making a solution less concentrated as in the addition of more solvent? Dilution 45. What is the process of changing liquid to gas that is usually accompanied by the production of bubbles of vapor in the liquid? Boiling 46. What is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the prevailing atmospheric pressure? Boiling point 47. What is the temperature at which liquid and solid are in equilibrium? Freezing point 48. If one of the two solutions has a higher concentration of solute particles than the other, the one with the lower concentration is described as Hypotonic 49. The movement of solvent particles through a semi-permeable membrane from the region of lower solute concentration to the region of higher solute concentration is called ______. Osmosis 50. The term colloid comes from the greek kolla and oidos which means ________. Glue appearance Module 12

51. What are suspensions of liquid or solid particles in a gas called? Aerosol 52. What is in some aerosol products that can cause harm to the atmosphere? Cfc 53. What are colloidal dispersions of gas bubbles in liquids or solids? Foams 54. What is a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in either a liquid or a solid? Emulsion 55. What is a solid dispersed in either solid or liquid? Sols 56. What is a colloidal system in which the dispersed phase consists of fibrous, interwoven particles called fibrils which exert a marked effect on the physical properties of the dispersing medium? Gels 57. Most cosmetics and ointments and creams used in medicine are ______. Emulsion 58. The substance usually used in cleaning toilet bowls and tiles is muriatic acid. What is another term for this? HCl acid 59. upon discociation in water, acids yield hydrogen ions while gaases yield hydroxide ions. What is this statement commonly called? Arrhenius theory 60. What is defined as a substance which, upon reaction with water, causes an increase in the concentration of the solvent cation, H3O+? Arrhenius acid 61. What is defined as a substance which, upon reaction with water, causes an increase in the concentration of the solvent cation, OH-? Arrhenius base 62. What is the dissolution constant of water at 25 deg C? -16 1.8x10 63. What theory states that an acid is any substance that donates a proton to another substance, and a base is any substance that can accept a proton from any other substance? Bronsted-Lowrey Theory 64. What theory states that an acid is a substance that can accept a lone pair from another molecule, and a base is a substance that has a lone pair of electrons? Lewis theory 65. An acid described as electron pair acceptor is ___ acid. Lewis 66. A Bronsted-Lowry acid is: A proton donor 67. The bronsted lowry base is: A proton acceptor 2

68. What is the type of covalent bond in which the shared electrons are donated by one, not both, of the atoms involved? Coordinated covalent bond 69. What is the term used for the product of a Lewis acid-base reaction? Adduct 70. Acids composed of only two elements, hydrogen and nonmetal are called Binary acids 71. What is added to HCl to form HCl acid? Water 72. Acid consists of three elements, hydrogen and two nonmetals are called Ternary acids 73. If one of the two nonmetals of a ternary acid is oxygen, the acid is called Oxyacid 74. Which of the following is the formula for sulfuric acid? H2SO4 75. Which of the following is the formula of nitric acid? HNO3 76. What acid is usually used in vinegars? Acetic acid 77. What acid is used in glassitching? Hydrofluoric acid 78. What acid is usually present in some fruits? Citric acid 79. What acid is used in carbonated drinks? Carbonic acid 80. What acid usually used to reduce pain and inflammation such as aspirin and other pain relievers? Acetylsalicylic acid 81. What acid is usually used in the manufacture of fertilizers? Phosphoric acid 82. What acid is used in the batteries of cars or automobiles? Sulfuric acid 83. Bases are compounds consisting of Metal and hydroxide ion 84. Which base is used to remove carbon dioxide from air? Lithium hydroxide 85. What base is used as an antacid with no dosage restriction? AlOH 86. Magnesium hydroxide is a base used as antacid if consumed in small amounts and laxative if consumed in large dosage. What is common term for MgOH Milk of magnesia 87. What is the most convenient way of expressing hydronium ion concentration> Module 12

pH 88. What does the symbol pH stands for Power of hydrogen ion 89. What is the pH of pure water? 7 90. Which two substances have the same pH of 6.5 Saliva and milk 91. Which is the most acidic? Calamansi juice 92. Which is the best description of strong acids? They dissociate or ionize completely in water. 93. Which is the best description of weak acids? They dissociate or ionize completely in water. 94. What is a measure of the H3O+ concentration of a solution? pH 95. What is a measure of the OH- concentration of a solution? pH 96. What is the pH of a neutral solution? 7 97. Which of the following is the most basic? pH 13 98. What refers to the reaction between an acid and a base forming salt and water? Neutralization 99. What refers to the point at which the added base or acid solution in titration is enough to fully neutralize the acid or base? Equivalence point 100. What refers to the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by an increased in pressure? Critical temperature