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6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME
ISSN 0976 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), pp. 240-245 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.5930 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
IJECET
IAEME
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME
2. DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT The detailed energy audit is carried out in three phases as per the fig.1as :
Fig 1 Phase sequence of energy audit Phase I- Pre Audit Phase Plan and Organise Walk through Audit Informal Interview with Energy manager/Plant Manager Conduct of brief meeting / awareness programme with all divisional heads and persons concerned (2-3 hrs.) B. Phase II- Audit Phase Primary data gathering, Process flow diagram & Energy Utility Diagram. Conduct survey and monitoring. Conduct of detailed trials/experiments for selected energy guzzlers Analysis of energy use. Identification and Development of Energy Conservation (ENCON) opportunities. Cost benefits analysis. Reporting & Presentation to the Top Management. C. Phase III-Post Audit Phase Implementation of recommendations. Follow up with the industry on periodic basis.
A.
3. CASE STUDY Energy audit consists with several tasks which can be carried out depending on the type of the audit and the size and function of the audited facility. Therefore an energy audit is not a linear process and is rather iterative .The audit described in this paper was carried out with in ten days time frame at Data Meghe Institute Of Medical Sciences (D.M.I.M.S) ,Maharashtra,India. based on the following functional activities. Building and utility data analysis. Walk through survey. Base line for building energy use. Evaluation of energy saving measures. These activities are explained below [4]: A. Data analysis The results are obtained, after having the data analysis during the visit .Data loggers, power analysers, clip-on meters. Etc.are used to measure the energy consumption of the institute. The complete load was divided on three transformers 400 KVA, 500 KVA, 315 KVA. The energy consumption of the transformers are shown in fig 2. 241
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME
PER HOUR ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF 400, 500 & 400+500 KVA XMER [23/05(19:00) TO 26/05(12:00)] SAT.[23/05]
SUNDAY[24/05] MONDAY[25/05] TUESDAY[26/05]
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 9 :0 0 2 1 :0 0 2 3 :0 0 1 :0 0 3 :0 0 5 :0 0 7 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 1 :0 0 1 3 :0 0 1 5 :0 0 1 7 :0 0 1 9 :0 0 2 1 :0 0 2 3 :0 0 1 :0 0 3 :0 0 5 :0 0 7 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 1 :0 0 1 3 :0 0 1 5 :0 0 1 7 :0 0 1 9 :0 0 2 1 :0 0 2 3 :0 0 1 :0 0 3 :0 0 5 :0 0 7 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 1 :0 0 400 con 500 con 400+500 con Poly. (400+500 con) Poly. (500 con) Poly. (400 con)
Fig. 2 Graph depicting the power consumption of 400 KVA, 500 KVA & 400+500 KVA transformers
Based on the above graph and the energy can be calculated as per table 1.
TABLE 1 Energy calculations
DAT E TIM E 500 KVA REA DING IN KWh 12153 13248 14376 15471 16533 17694 18861 20019 21051 22104 23397 24969 26337 27606 400 KVA REA DING IN KWh 2355.8 2967.8 3472.6 3970.6 4447.2 5024 5613.6 6213.6 6689.2 7168.4 7851.8 8878.8 9663.6 10279 MSEB READI NG IN KWh 729772 729945 730111 730278 730458 730635 730820 731000 731158 731326 731526 731798 732043 732238 612 504.8 498 476.6 576.8 589.6 600 475.6 479.2 683.4 1027 784.8 615.4 1095 1128 1095 1062 1161 1167 1158 1032 1053 1293 1572 1368 1269 1707 1632.8 1593 1538.6 1737.8 1756.6 1758 1507.6 1532.2 1976.4 2599 2152.8 1884.4 173 166 167 180 177 185 180 158 168 200 272 245 195 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1730 1660 1670 1800 1770 1850 1800 1580 1680 2000 2720 2450 1950 23 27.2 77 261.4 32.2 93.4 42 72.4 147.8 23.6 121 297.2 65.6 400 KVA DIF F. IN KW h 500 KVA DIF F. IN KW h (400+ 500) KVA DIFF IN KWh ENERG Y CONSU MED BY MSEB MUL T. FACT . ENER GY CONS UMED BY MSEB LOSSES (UNITS)
23/05 23/05 24/05 24/05 24/05 24/05 24/05 24/05 25/05 25/05 25/05 25/05 25/05 25/05
19:00 23:00 03:00 07:00 11:00 15:00 19:00 23:00 03:00 07:00 11:00 15:00 19:00 23:00
Losses of 500 KVA 1368 KWH Losses of 400 KVA 784.8 KWH Total Losses (400+500) (Calculated) 2152.8 KWH Total Losses (MSEDCL) 2450 KWH Difference Between calculated and MSEDCL readings are 297.2 KWh. These Losses are very high and are due to transmission losses.
KW h
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME B.
(a)
(b)
Fig.3. (a) Total area under 400 KVA transformer (b) Power Factor variation for 400 KVA transformer ii) 500 KVA Transformer
MAIN PANEL (500 KVA) [23/05/09(3:43pm)-26/05/09(12:47pm)]
1 0.8 0.6 POWER FACTOR 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 0:43 3:43 6:43 9:45 2:27 5:26 9:35 1:19 4:19 15:43 18:43 21:43 12:45 17:21 20:22 23:22 13:17 16:17 19:17 22:19 7:19 10:19
Cos fi 1 [ ]
Cos fi 2 [ ]
Cos fi 3 [ ]
Cos fi [ ]
(a) (b) Fig 4. (a)Total area covered by 500 KVA transformer, (b) Power Factor variation of 500 KVA iii) 315 KVA Transformers
MAIN PANEL(315KVA) WED-27/5(17:55)-FRI-29/5(14:11)
1 POWER FA C TOR 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 17:55 20:15 22:36 10:18 12:58 15:29 17:49 20:38 22:58 10:37 12:58 0:32 3:11 5:21 8:07 1:18 3:38 5:57 8:16
Pf1
Pf2
Pf3
Pfs
(b) (a) Fig5. (a) Total area under 315 transformers, (b) Power Factor variation
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME October
4. CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of the data collected and the walk through survey led to the following Observations bservations. Oil leakage in 400 KVA transformers. Loose connections in s.f.u due to which sparking is seen which is to be checked. Earthing problem in 400 KVA transformer area. Under loading of 315 KVA transformer as per fig 5. Mccb and Rccb are bypassed after burning. Generator was on for sizeable time after restoration of grid supply. Voltage in hospitals is very low and fluctuating. Panels are not maintained. Open cables. Lighting loads in the hostel corridors and common area are always on. Temporary cooling of all substations should be removed. sh Water pumps are without any controls. After these observations were made following Recommendations were given to improve the overall o energy efficiency of the system. Automatic Power Factor Controller (APFC) should be installed to avail the power factor C incentives. A count on lightning is needed to be done ,after identifying the proper locations .As a rule of thumb , the following are the common methods of energy saving on the lightning systems. 1) Halogens (street lights) are placed with infra red coating halogens. 2) Incandescent lamps are replaced with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) as per fig 7. amps
3) Halogens (flood type) are replaced with metal halides. 4) Replacement of the magnetic ballast from electronic ballast. Water overflow alarms can be employed to stop the wastage of water and energy and automatic controllers can be employed. Load distribution should be equal and logical.
The implementation of above recommendations is solely dependent upon the decision of the management of the institute. Several energy conservation methods that are cost effective like APFC panel etc. are not implemented due to lack of proper guidance and awareness. But tc. it is the responsibility of the energy auditor to explain the management the advantages that can be achieved through successful implementation of these methods. 244
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME
REFERENCES [1] Nissanga Nishad Rasananjan Mendis, Nisal Perera, Energy Audit: A Case Study, ICIA (2006). [2] N M Ljumba, J Ross, Electrical Energy Audit And Load Management For low Income Consumers, Durban,South Africa,IEEE (1996). [3] F.M.sanchez, A Filgueira, M.A.Seijo, M.E.Munoz, E.Munoz, Energy Audit Model For A Waste Water Treatment Plant, Ferrol (Spain), IEEE (2009). [4] V.K.Bhansali, Energy Conservation In India-Challenges And Achievements, India. IEEE (1995)
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