iII
Damodar: Hi, Krupakar, I couldn't see you the
whole of yesterday. What were you
doing?
( éπ%-§ƒéπ-®˝, E†oçû√ †’´¤y éπ-E°œç-îª-™‰-ü¿’,
àç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤?)
Krupakar: Busy playing the game - making as
many sentences as we could - with
my sister and prabhakar.
( ´÷ Sister, prabhakar ûÓ éπLÆœ
Game -Ç-úø’-ûª÷ áEo Sentences
O©-®·ûË ÅEo Form îËÆæ÷h Busy í¬
ÖçúÕ-§Úߪ÷)
Damodar: What game was that? (àç Game?)
Krupakar: You find the game in the hundredth
lesson of spoken english. It's a sim-
ple game - forming sentences, as
many as we can by adding suitable
words after 'be' forms and action
words - sentences to be not only
statements but also questions, both
types, 'wh' and 'non wh' questions,
with not and never too...
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
101
I have to prepare
(î√-™« Simple game ÅC. sub + verb-
verb 'be' form Ŵa, action word
Ŵa, ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´÷ô©’ îË®Ω’a-èπ◊çô÷
§Ú-´ôç– Sentences statements
´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Questions,
Exclamations èπÿú≈. Questions È®çúø’
®Ω鬩 Questions – 'wh' words ûÓ 'non
wh' words ûÓ èπÿú≈. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, not
ûÓ never ûÓ èπÿú≈)
Damodar: Was that so? O I missed the game.
How many sentences were you able
to frame?
(Å™«í¬? Å®·ûË Øˆ’ game miss
Sentences
Åߪ÷u†’. O’È®Eo îËߪ’-í∫-L-
í¬®Ω’?)
Krupakar: We didn't count, but we were able to
make a good number. We have
understood that we can improve our
english by this kind of practice more
than by reading books on spoken
english.
(™„éπ\°ôd-™‰ü¿’ é¬F î√™«ØË î˨»ç.
Spoken english O’ü¿ books îªü¿-´ôç
éπçõ‰ É™«çöÀ practice ü∆y®√ØË English
¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E Å®Ωn-¢Á’içC)
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oô’d, practice ´©x
confidence °®Ω-í∫-ô¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, English
Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç Å©-¢√-ô-´¤-ûª’çC. v°æA-®ÓW
Friends ûÓ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
Ñ Lesson ™ éÌClí¬ ûËú≈ûÓ É™«çöÀ game
ÉçéÓöÀ îª÷ü∆lç.
O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’– verbs ™ È®çúø’®Ω鬩’. ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC
'love' ™«çöÀN. OöÀéÀ á´-JE, üËEE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-
èπ◊çõ‰ ¢√∞¡x†’ ÅØÓ, ü∆EE ÅØÓ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç
´Ææ’hçC. È®çúÓ ®Ωé¬--E-N - walk (†-úø-´ôç)
™«çöÀN. á´-JE †úø-´ôç, üËE-E †úø-´ôç Åçõ‰
Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’ éπü∆. Ñ≤ƒJ game ™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
®Ωéπç verbs ûÓ sentences îËߪ’çúÕ. state-
ments ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, questions, exclama-
tions ûÓ Ææ£æ…, Not/ never ûÓ èπÿú≈ O’èπ◊
ûÁL-Æœ-†Eo verbs ûÓ á†o-®·ûË ÅEo.
eg:
1) Vineet bought a book
2) When did Naresh meet you?
3) She doesnot like me (at all)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
4) How well Rupa sings that song!
5) The teacher never made a joke
É™« áEo Sentences îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.
ûª®√yûª ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô©’ îËJa Sentences extend
îËߪ’çúÕ.
eg: 1) Vineet bought a book at the college
stores.
2) When did Naresh meet you to give you
the book.
3) She does not like me because I do not
like her.
4) How well Rupa sings that song from the
movie, nuvvu naaku nachau.
5) The teacher never made a joke while
teaching.
É™«çöÀ sentences O’®Ω’ O’ friends etc., ûÓ
practice
îËߪ’çúÕ. I, We, You, he, she, it and
theyûÓ èπÿú≈ sentences îËߪ’çúÕ.
u u u (Job
Renuka: Urmila, why don't you lend me the
book. I have to prepare for the exam
the day after tomorrow.
exam
(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç é¬Ææh É≤ƒh-¢√? á©’xçúÕ
prepare Å¢√Lq ÖçC.)
Urmila: Sorry Renuka, Bhoomika has taken it
away. She has to prepare for the exam
as well. You are a little late.
(Sorry, ¶µº÷N’éπ Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’Èé-R}ç-C. ûª†’-
exam
èπÿú≈ prepare
èπ◊ Å¢√y-©E.)
Renuka: I thought of buying the book yester-
day, but I had to take mom to hospital,
so I didn't find the time. I must get the
book somehow. Otherwise I'll be
doing very badly in the exam.
book
(E†oØË éÌØ√-©E ņ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’, é¬E
hospital
´÷ Å´’t†’ èπ◊ BÆæ’Èé∞«}Lq
´*açC. é̆-™‰-éπ-§Úߪ÷. ᙫíÓ äéπ-™«í¬ Ç
°æ¤Ææhéπç ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L ؈’. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË á©’xçúÕ
exam -¶«í¬ ®√-ߪ’-™‰éπ-§Ú-û√--†’-.)
Urmila: I must pay the fees today. Today is the
last date. I should go to the bank and
get the money.
fees
(É¢√∞¡ éπ-ö«dL ؈’. -É-¢√-∞Ï -*-´-J
Bank
®ÓV. èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL, úø•’s ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L.)
Renuka: That's true. We must submit exam
applications by tomorrow. That's the
rule.
Exam applications
(Eï¢Ë’. Í®°æöÀ ™°æ©
submit rule.)
îÁߪ÷uL. ÅüË
Urmila: The applications should have the sig-
nature of the parent or the guardian,
shouldn't it?
(Application ™ parent/ guardian
Ææçûªéπç Öçú≈L, éπü∆?)
Renuka: Yes, that's the rule. Further we must
mention the amount paid, and
enclose the fee receipt.
clear
(ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, áçûª úø•’s éπöÀdçD
fee receipt
ûÁ-©-§ƒ-L, ü∆-E-ûÓ ïûª-°æ®Ω-î√L.)
Urmila: OK then. Bye. I must hurry.
(´≤ƒh Å®·ûË. ؈’ -ûªy®ΩΩ-°æ-ú≈L.)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù™E sentences †’ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
1) I have to prepare 2) She has to prepare 3)
I had to take 4) I must get 5) I must pay 6) We
must submit 7) The application should have
the signature 8) We must mention.
sentences
°j verbs: have to + 1st
™E
RDW; has to + 1st RDW; had to + 1st
RDW; must + 1st RDW; should + 1st RDW
Have to/ has to, had to, must, should
É´Fo èπÿú≈ NCµí¬, rule v°æ鬮Ωç, ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬
îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ†’-©†’ ûÁ©’°æ¤û√®·.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 23 -ï-†-´-J 2006
OöÀ 'be' forms. Have to be, has to be, (éπFÆæç Í®°æ-öÀ-ÈéjØ√ -Å-ûª-úø’ -Åéπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
must be, should be. Å´-鬨¡ç éÓ™p-û√úø’. – necessity.)
(Have to be/ has to be - I, we, you and ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
they subjects ûÓ have to be
´Ææ’hçC. He, Pramod: I am happy to have got the job, Sir.
she and it subjects ûÓ has to be ´Ææ’hçC.) When have I to be here to report for
-O-ô-Eoç-öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç – Öçú≈L – ÅE. ÅC äéπJ Çïc duty, Sir?
(command) é¬´îª ’a, NCµ (duty) é¬´îª ’a,
´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ ÖçC.
necessity (Å´-Ææ®Ωç) 鬴a.
Report îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ/ Duty™ Join
Have to be, has to be, should be, must be Å´-ö«-EéÀ á°æ¤-púø’ ®√-¢√-©çúŒ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ?)
= Öçú≈L, present ™í¬F, future ™í¬E. (Have to be Ééπ\úø duty E ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC.)
èπ◊ Vinod: Let me go. I have to be at home in ten Prasanth: You have to be here by 9.30 every-
minutes. Dad will be angry if I am late.
day.
(9.30 éπ-™«x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈-L- †’´¤y.
(††’o ¢Á∞¡xF. ؈’ 10 EN’-≥ƒ™x Éçöx You have to be here till 5.30 in the
Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊ç-õ‰ ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ éÓ°æç ´Ææ’hçC)
evening. ( 5.30 ´®Ωèπÿ Öçú≈L– Ñ
È®çúø÷ commands.) Your colleague
too, has to be here at the same time.
(F Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓuT èπÿú≈ ÅçûË.
Ééπ\úø command.)
Pramod: I will start work now itself sir,
has to be
because I have to be thorough with
Suman: Hari too has to
my job.
be at home in
(؈’ É°æ¤púË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-≤ƒh†’.
ten minutes. He áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Ø√ °æE ؈’ èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’-
doesn't like to éÓ-¢√L éπü∆ (Ééπ\úø have to be - neces-
miss the serial. sity). I understand I have to be at
Isn't it so, Hari? office for atleast 6 hours. (éπFÆæç 6
(£æ«J èπÿú≈ 10 í∫çô©ÊÆ°æ-®·Ø√ office ™ Öçú≈-©E Ø√èπ◊
EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ Éçöx M. SURESAN
ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ééπ\úø have to be NCµE
Öçú≈L. Åûª-úÕéÀ
serial miss Å´ôç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË éπü∆ ûÁ©’°æ¤ûÓçC éπü∆.)
£æ«J?) Now practice the following in English:
Hari: That's right. I have to hurry now. Bye.
Kranthi: †’´¤y éπFÆæç ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç È®çúø’ í∫çô©
( Eï¢Ë’. ؈’ -ûªy®ΩΩ-°æ-ú≈L)
´®Ω-ÈéjØ√ Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L, Å®Ωn-´’-®·çü∆?
Suman: Don't forget tomorrow's exam time.
Shanthi: Yes, Madam. Ñ®Ó-ñ‰é¬-ü¿’, Í®°æ¤ -èπÿú≈ ÉüË
You have to be at the centre by 9.45
(Í®°æ¤ exam time ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-éπçúÕ. O’®Ω-éπ\úø ¢Ë∞¡™x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈-©E ûÁ©’Ææ’ madam.
Kranthi: Watchman ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p, Åûª-Eç-é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
9.45 éπ-™«x Öçú≈L)
Öçú≈L ÅE; pass Ö†o¢√∞¡’x ´÷vûª¢Ë’
Ééπ\úø îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Present ™í¬F, future ™í¬F
'Öçú≈L— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ have to be/ has to be ™°æ© Öçú≈-©-F.
Shanthi: Ok, Madam. Åûª-E-éπ\úø 8 í∫çô©´®Ωèπÿ
¢√ú≈ç. äéπ Order / Command ´©x, NCµ ´©x
(Åçõ‰ Duty), ™‰éπ§ÚûË Å´-Ææ®Ωç (Necessity) ´©x Öçú≈-©E èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒh†’.
Öçú≈Lq´ÊÆh, Å°æ¤púø’ Have to be/ has to be Kranthi: OK. ñ«ví∫ûªh. Ø√èπ◊ meeting ÖçC. Åéπ\úø
¢√úøû√ç. ؈’ 1.30 éπçû√ Öçú≈L. ØËØÌîËa ÆæJéÀ files
a) O’®Ω’ 10éπ-™«x office ™ Öçú≈L. ÅFo ready Å®·-Öç-ú≈L. ûÁL-Æœçü∆?
Shanthi: Readyí¬ Öçö«®·, madam.
You have to be at office by 10 (Command)
b) v°æA ÖüÓuT 10 †’ç* 5´®Ωèπ◊ Office ™ Öçú≈L Answer:
Every employee has to be in the office Kranthi: You have to be here till atleast 2 in the
from 10 to 5 (Command) afternoon, understand?
í¬ c) I have to be at office by 10. Shanthi: Yes, Madam. I Understand too, that
؈’ 10éπ-™«x office ™ Öçú≈L. (Duty = NCµ) not only today, but also tomorrow I
d) She has to be at office for a minimum of have to be here during the same time.
Six hours. Kranthi: Tell the watchman that he has to be a
(-Ç-¢Á’ éπFÆæç 6 í∫çô-©-ÊÆ-°jØ√ Office ™ Öçú≈L little more careful, that only those who
= Duty/ NCµ) have passes have to be here.
e) I have to be at the station at 2 or I shall Shanthi: Ok, Madam. I will tell him too that he
miss the train. has to be here till 8 o'clock.
Kranthi: Ok. Be careful. I have a meeting. I
؈’ station
-™ È®çúÕçöÀéÀ Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
train miss Å´¤-û√†’. (ÉC necessity, Åçõ‰ have to be there by 1.30. By the time I
.
Å´-Ææ®Ωç éπü∆) return all the files must be ready.
f) He has to be here atleast by tomorrow. Shanthi: They shall be, madam.
Otherwise he will miss the chance.
iII
Hitesh: Hi Mallesh, I coludn't see you the
whole of yesterday. What happened?
(E†oçû√ éπ-E°œç-‰ü¿’. àç ïJTçC?)
Mallesh: (I was) Busy at home. I had to be at
home attending to some repairs for
the house. Dad was out of town.
busy repairs
(Éçöx í¬ ÖØ√o. ÉçöÀ
îª÷Ææ’éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ÉçöxØË Öçú≈Lq ´*açC.
Ø√†o- Ü∞x ™‰®Ω’.)
a) Attend = College/ School/ Class ™«çöÀ
¢√öÀéÀ, functions/ meetings/ marriages
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ £æ…ï-®Ω-´ôç.
b) attend to = äéπ °æE îË°æ-ôd-ôç / ¶«üµ¿u-ûªí¬
îËߪ’ôç; 'I am attending to the repairs'.
c) Attend on = ÅA--ü∑¿’-©èπ◊, ®Óí∫’-©èπ◊ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’
îËߪ’ôç,
When I was ill, my sister, attended on me.
Hitesh: You remember we have to go to
Naresh's for his birthday party. It's
already 5. Shall we start?
(Naresh birthday party Èé∞«x-©E í∫’®Ω’hç-C-
éπü∆? É°æp-öÀÍé 5 Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. •ßª’-©’-
üË®Ω-ü∆-´÷?)
Mallesh: But we should buy some gift for him.
gift
(àüÓ éÌØ√-L-éπü∆?)
Hitesh: We must hurry then. We shouldn't be
late.
late
(ûªy®Ω-°æ-ú≈L ´’J. Å´-èπÿ-úøü¿’.)
Mallesh: What, do you think, is Naresh's age
now?
(Éçûªéà †Í®≠ˇ ´ßª’Ææ’q áçûª’ç-úÌ--îªaç-ö«´¤?
ÉC ÅûªE áØÓo birthday?– DEéÀ
English ™‰ü¿’.)
Hitesh: He must be 18 now. I think it is his
18th birth anniversary.
birthday
(18 à∞¡Ÿxç-ú≈L. ÉC ÅûªE 18´
Anniversary-
ņ’-èπ◊çö«. (Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ -Ñ®Ó--V °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉîËa-ߪ÷L.
¢√J{-éÓûªq-´ç)
Mallesh: We are all the same age then, give or É≤ƒh-†-Ø√oúø’.)
b) Éûª-®Ω’© •©-´çûªç´©x-í¬F, àüÁjØ√ E•ç-üµ¿-†©
take a few months.
(Å®·ûË ´’†-´’çû√ ØÁ©© ûËú≈ûÓ äÍé ´©-xí¬F (Rules) ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’/ Öçú≈-
´ßª’Ææ’q™ ÖØ√o´’-†o-´÷ô.) Lq-†-°æ¤púø’ have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç.
Hitesh: Ok. Let's start.
Mallesh: We must get back home early. Don't
forget our exams from the day after
tomorrow. Because of the change in
the exam hours, we must be at col-
lege 10 minutes before nine.
(´’†ç ûªy®Ωí¬ ÉçöÀéÀ AJT ´îËa-ߪ÷L.
á©’xçúÕ †’ç* ´’†èπ◊ exams ÅE ´’®Ω-*-
§Úèπ◊. ´÷J† ¢Ë∞¡© v°æ鬮Ωç College ™
10 EN’-≥ƒ©’ ûªèπ◊\´ 9 éπ-™«x -Öçú≈-L-.)
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ have to be/ has to be
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? äéπ-≤ƒJ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊
ûÁa-èπ◊çü∆ç.
a) I, We, You, They subjects Å®·ûË have to.
b) He, She, It Å®·ûË has to.
c) be form: have to be/ has to be (Öçú≈L
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ).
-v°æ-¨¡o:
1) ¢√£æ«-Ø√© ¢Á†éπ ®√ÊÆ 'please
sound horn'
Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
2) ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ö«EéÀ Ææ´÷† Å®Ωnç
´îËa ÉçTx≠ˇ °æü¿ç à¢Á’iØ√
Öçü∆?
– >™«E, é¬éÀ-Ø√úø
-ï-¢√-•’:
1) Please sound horn Åçõ‰ horn ¢Á÷Tç-îªçúÕ ÅE
Å®Ωnç. äéπ ¢√£æ«†ç ¢Á†-éπ-´¤†o ¢√£æ«†ç, ´·çü¿J
¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo ü∆öÀ ´·çü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, horn
¢Á÷TÊÆh, ´·çü¿J ¢√£æ«†ç, ¢Á†éπ ¢√£æ«-Ø√-EéÀ
ü∆JÆæ’hçü¿E îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ Å™« ®√≤ƒh®Ω’.
2) '¢Á·£æ«-´÷ôç— Å†o-´÷-ôèπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬
ņ-í∫-L-TçC 'unassertive'. 'assertive' Åçõ‰
E®Ìt-£æ«-´÷-ôçí¬ Öçúøôç, 鬕öÀd, 'unassertive'
Åçõ‰ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷ôç í∫© ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
d) Action word: have to + 1st Regular
Doing Word, has to + 1st Regular Doing
Word. (Have to go, have to do, has to
go, has to do etc,
¢Á∞«}L, îËߪ÷L ÅØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ)
Éçé¬ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC–
a) ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© ´©x Öçúø-´-©-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’,
îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’– have to be/ has to be;
have to + 1st RDW/ has to + 1st RDW.
eg:
1) I have to be at home by 8.
b)
؈’ 8 éπ-™«x Éçöx Öçú≈L. (™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ´÷ Ø√-†o-
éÓ°æ p-úøû√®Ω’)
2) He has to be here by 10. Otherwise we
can't start.
(Åûª-E-éπ\úø 10éπ-™«x Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω™‰ç)
3) They have to see the doctor today. The
appointment is for today.
doctor
(É¢√∞¡ ¢√-∞¡Ÿx ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«xL. Çߪ’† Ñ
®ÓVèπ◊ appointment 'have
Éî√aúø’)– Ééπ\úø
to' has to
(Åçõ‰ èπÿú≈) ´’†ç ´·çü¿’ E®Ωg-®·ç-
-èπ◊†o °æEéÀ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. Å™«Íí–
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
102
You have to do it
4) He has to return my book today. He said
he would.
1) You have to show the ticket on demand.
Keep it safe until the journey is over.
[
ÅúÕT†°æ¤púø’ Ticket (öÀÈéö¸– öÀ ØÌéÀ\
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) îª÷§ƒL. v°æߪ÷ùç °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’-u´-®Ωèπ◊
ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öç-. On demand = ÅúÕT†°æ¤púø’-]
2) Kumar has to pay the fees tomorrow.
(kumar Í®°æ¤ fees éπö«dL.)
3) The boss has asked us to be at office half
an hour earlier than usual. We have to be
at office at 9.
(Boss ´’†Lo ã Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’ office èπ◊
®Ω´’t-Ø√o®Ω’ éπü∆. ´’†ç 9 éπ-™«x office ™
Öçú≈L.)
Have to/ has to á°æ¤púø÷ present/ future situ-
ations èπ◊ ´Jh-≤ƒh®·. ÅüË past ™ ´’†ç îÁ§ƒp-
©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ had to ¢√úøû√ç. lesson v§ƒ®Ω綵º
Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Mallesh -à-´’-Ø√oúø’?I had to be at
home (Yesterday - past) ÅE. Åçõ‰ ØËEçöx
Öçú≈Lq ´*açC. 鬕öÀd í∫ûªç™– a) --à-üÁj-Ø√ °æJ-
Æœn-ûª’©´©x-í¬E, E•ç-üµ¿-†©´©x-í¬E, Éûª-®Ω’©
•©-´ç-ûªç-´©xí¬E áéπ\-úÁjØ√ Öçú≈Lq ´ÊÆh, had
to be, àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq-´ÊÆh had to + 1st
Regular Doing Word (RDW) ¢√úøû√ç.
1. He had to be at station by 8, as his friend
was coming.
(Station ™ Åûª†’ 8 éÀ Öçú≈Lq ´*açC, ¢√∞¡x
friend á´®Ó ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ 鬕öÀd)
2. Santhi had to go to Vijayawada last
Sunday to attend a marriage.
(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ¨»çA Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø, °RxéÀ
¢Á∞«}Lq ´*açC.)
3. Vishal had to pay the fees yesterday; he
had no money, so I had to lend him the
amount.
(N¨»™¸ E†o fees îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC. ÅûªE ü¿í∫_®Ω
úø•’s-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ØË-†’ -Å®Ω’-´¤ -É¢√yLq ´*açC.)
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
í∫ûªç™ Éûª-®Ω’© •©-´çûªç´©x-í¬F, E•ç-üµ¿-†©
´©xí¬F ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’/
Öçú≈-Lq†°æ¤púø’ πÿú≈ had to ¢√úøû√ç.
1) Lord Rama had to go to forests to honour
his father's word.
¢√∞¡x-Ø√†o ´÷ô E©-¶„-ôd-ö«-EéÀ X®√-´·úø’
Åúø-´¤©èπ◊ -¢Á∞«x-Lq- ´-*açC.
2) He had to live in the forest for 12 years
°æØÁoç-úË∞¡x ´†-¢√Ææç îËߪ÷Lq ´*açC.
3) He had to pay a fine of Rs. 250/- for driv-
ing the wrong way.
(Åûª†’ wrong direction ™ drive îËÆœ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊
250 ®Ω÷-§ƒ-ߪ’© -ï-J-´÷-Ø√ éπö«dLq ´*açC.)
4) Pramila had to submit the application the
day before yesterday. She submitted it
yesterday, so she had to pay a late fee of
Rs. 10/-.
(v°æO’© ¢Á·†oØË application submit
îËߪ÷-LqçC – é¬F E-†o îËÆœçC, Åçü¿’-éπE 10
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ late fee îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC.)
´’Sx lesson ¢Á·ü¿öx Ö†o Ææ綵«-≠æù ã≤ƒJ
îª÷úøçúÕ:
Mallesh: We should buy some gift for him.
Hitesh: .... We shouldn't (should not) be late.
Ééπ\úø 'should'Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç. ÉC èπÿú≈
have to/ has to èπ◊ î√-™« ü¿í∫_®Ωí¬ Öçô’çC. DEéÀ
'be' form should be = Öçú≈L ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ;
Action word, should + 1st RDW (should go,
should know, should do, etc.) = ¢Á∞ «xL,
ûÁL-ߪ÷L/ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, îËߪ÷L, etc. Å®√n-©ûÓ)
should á°æ¤púø÷ ´’†ç Öçú≈-Lq† ÆæÈ®j† B®Ω’†’
í∫’-Jç-*, ÆæJí¬ îËߪ÷Lq† °æEE í∫’-Jç-*
ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC.
a) You should be here at 10 everyday.
†’´¤y ®ÓW °æ-Cç-öÀéÀ -Ééπ\-úø -Öç-ú≈-L.
b) He should understand that we are his well
wishers.
´’†ç ÅûªE v¨ÏßÁ÷-Gµ-™«-≠æfl©-´’ØË N≠æߪ’ç Åûª†’
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L.
c) You should refer to the dictionary when
you are in doubt.
FÍé-üÁjØ√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ Dictionary
îª÷ú≈L. (îª÷úøôç ÆæÈ®j† °æE)
E•ç-üµ¿-†© v°æ鬮Ωç ÆæÈ®j†D, é¬E-D ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’ π◊
πÿú≈ should ¢√úø-´îª’a.
a) You should not drive at more than 20 kmph
along this road.
(Ñ road ™ O’®Ω’ 20 éÀ-™O’-ô®Ωx ¢Ëí¬-Eo -N’ç-*
-†-úø°æ®√-ü¿’.)
(Kmph = KPH = Kilometres per hour)
b) Passengers should be at the airport half
an hour before the flight departure.
(N´÷†ç •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-ö«-EéÀ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’
v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊©’ airport ™ Öçú≈L.)
flight = N´÷-†-ߪ÷†ç/ °æéÀ~ áí∫-®Ωôç,
Departure = •ßª’-™‰l-®Ωôç
-•’-üµ¿¢√®Ωç 25 -ï-†-´-J 2006
c) Before you build a house, you should sub-
mit the plan for approval.
(É©’x éπõ‰d ´·çü¿’, ÉçöÀ plan sub-
Ç¢Á÷-ü∆-EéÀ
mit
îËߪ÷L)
´ Should èπ◊ èπÿú≈ past form 'had to' have
ØË,
to/ has to ©èπ◊ ™«í¬. Ñ éÀçC sentences †’
§Ú©açúÕ.
a) The Players should be at the field by 9 AM
field
ûÌN’t-Cç-öÀ-éπ-™«x véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’©’ ™ Öçú≈L.
ÉC present/ future Ŵa.
b) The players had to be at the field by 9 AM.
Players 9 éÀfield ™ Öçú≈Lq ´*açC–
ÉC Past.
´·êu í∫´’-Eéπ: E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Å´-Ææ-®√-© π◊
have to/
¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, éπçõ‰
has to, should should
have to/ has to á π◊\´ powerful.
You have to do it =
O’JC îËߪ÷L = You
should do it. Ééπ\úø you
have to do it èπ◊, you
should do it éπØ√o force
áèπ◊\´, Åçõ‰ ÉçéÌç-îÁç
M. SURESAN
í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpôç.
Now practise the following in English:
Prema:´’†ç á°æ¤púø’ -•-ߪ’-©’-üË®√-L?
Preethi: ÉçéÓ í∫çô™/ 9 í∫çô-©éπ-™«x ´’†ç airport
™ Öçú≈L. Passport, visa, Éûª®Ω docu-
ments Åçû√ ready í¬ Öç-éÓ-¢√L. ¢√-∞¡Ÿx
-Å-úøí∫ç-í¬ØË îª÷°œç-îª-í∫-©í¬L.
Prema: ´‚úø’ Ø√©’í∫’ ´çü¿-© *©x-®Ω èπÿ-ú≈ Öç-
éÓ-¢√L éπü∆. àüÁjØ√ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ®√´îª’a.
Preethi: Airport entrance ticket é̆’-éÓ\-¢√-©-E O’
friends ûÓ îÁ§ƒpL †’´¤y. ¢√∞¡Ÿx lounge
™ØË èπÿ®Óa-¢√L.
Prema: OK.
Answer:
Prema: When have we to start? / When should
we start?
Preethi: In an hour from now. We have to be at
the airport by 9. We have to have our
passport, visa and other documents
ready. We should be able to show
them when they ask for it.
Prema: We have to have / should have three
hundred to four hundred rupees in
change in case of need.
Preethi: You should tell your friends that they
have to buy the airport entrance ticket.
They have to sit all the time in the
lounge.
Prema: OK.
iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 27 -ï-†-´-J 2006
Vipula: Hi Klupta, what's new?
must
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ îª÷úøçúÕ
(àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’?– ÉC É°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ- 1) The application must be in the candidate's
™éÀ ´Ææ’h†o °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô) own handwriting = Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-J™ Öçú≈L
Klupta: O nothing. Just getting on.
2) No column must be blank =
(àç ™‰´¤. àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC) ë«Sí¬ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
Vipula: Is your application for the job ready?
3) We must write = ´’†ç ®√ߪ÷L.
(job èπ◊ °æ秃-Lq† Application Æœü¿l¥ç 4) You must enclose = ïûª-°æ-®√aL.
î˨»¢√?/ ready í¬ Öçü∆?) 5) must reach = îË®√L.
Klupta: What's the hurry, Vipula? We have
´’†™ î√-™« ´’çCéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ – must Åçõ‰
plenty of time, haven't we?
ûª°æpEÆæJÅE. Police Officer: Even if the Governor comes,
(àçöÀ ûÌçü¿®Ω? é¬-¢√-Lq-†çûª time ÖçC, Karthik: ´’†ç lab ™ 9 éπ™«x Öçú≈L. àN’öÀ
Must be - be form = Öçú≈L; you must close shop by 10.30.
éπü∆?Plenty of =î√™«) Ç©Ææuç? úø•’s ready í¬ØË ÖçC-éπü∆?
Must + 1st RDW - Action word (Must go, must Don't forget.
Vipula: What are you talking? Only four days Sravan: Éçöx á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’. ´÷ Å´’t ´îËa-ü∆é¬
write, etc,) = etc.)
¢Á∞«xL, ®√ߪ÷L, É°æ¤púø’ Ñ *†o game practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
are left, you know. You must hurry.
éÀçü¿öÀ Lesson have to/ has to, should
™ èπ◊ Çí¬L ؈’. ûª†’ ´îËaü∆é¬ Öçúø-´’E ´’K Infinitive les-
Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’
(àçöÀ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Ééπ Ø√©’í∫’ must èπÿ î√-™« ü¿í∫_®Ω Ææç•çüµ¿ç ÖçC – Å®Ωnç™, í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°œpçC. sons ™ N´-Jçî√ç– to + Ist Regular Doing
®ÓV™‰í¬ ÖçC?ûªy®Ω-°æ-ú≈L) must
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ N°æ¤© †’ Karthik: ´’-†ç 9 éπ™«x lab ™ Öçú≈L, éπ*a-ûªçí¬. Word. eg: to go, to come, to know, etc, OöÀE
left = N’T-LçC
(must
E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Åçõ‰ ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ Öçú≈-Lq-†O ؈’ ¢Á∞¡xØ√? ´‚úø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
Klupta: Dad's going to fill it in tonight and it will Sravan: Åçûª -éπç-í¬-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? °æéπ\ØË ÖØ√oúø’í¬ 1) ¢Á∞¡xôç, ®√´ôç, ûÁ-L-ߪ’ôç/ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç, ÅØË
be) / (must + 1st RDW)
îËߪ÷-Lq-†O ¢√úøôç
be ready by tomorrow afternoon. ÅPyE. ¢√úÕ bike O’ü¿ ¢Á∞«lç. Å®ΩnçûÓ.
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. éÀçCN èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.
(´÷ Ø√†o É¢√∞¡ ®√vA application °æ‹Jh b) To go now will be the right thing
a) Voters must show their ID cards to the polling
ready
îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Í®°æ¤ ´’üµ∆u-£æ…o-E-éπ™«x í¬ police officer: time ? É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç ÆæÈ®jç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC.
Officers = É°æ¤púø’ áçûª
Öçô’çC.) Shopkeeper: 10.30 2) ¢Á∞«x-©E, ®√¢√-©E, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
Voters polling officers cards
èπ◊ ûª´’ í∫’Jhç°æ¤ ü∆öÀçC.
Police officer: 10.30 shop I want to go = ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.
(ID cards = Identity cards) îª÷§ƒL. (E•ç-üµ¿†) éπ™«x ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-©E
3) ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ, ®√´-ö«-EéÀ, ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
b) Students must get their own geometry box to -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü∆? ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-L- O’-J-°æ¤púø’.
a) He is getting ready to go
the exam = Shopkeeper: •ßª’ô showcase ÖçC. ü∆Eo
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
°æK-éπ~èπ◊ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ ¢√∞¡x ≤Òçûª ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’
103 Geometry box ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L. (E•ç-üµ¿†) -™°æ©Â°ö«dL. she is going out to buy a book
°æ¤Ææhéπç é̆-ö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞hçC.
game. É™«çöÀ infinitives Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç*
É°æ¤púø’

You must finish the work

sentences form îËߪ’ôç – áEo îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË ÅEo,
áEo varieties Å®·ûË ÅEo – statements &
questions, negative sentences (no/ not/
never dialogue form
ûÓ, O©-®·ûË ™.
eg:
Varun: When will you 1) She wants to sing §ƒú≈-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-öçC
Vipula: Klupta, don't talk like a child. Don't you Police officer:
؈’ ´’Sx O’ shop 10.30 ûª®√yûª 2) To smoke is not good for health.
be back,
know that the application must be in the ( smoke îËߪ’ôç Ç®Ó-í¬u-EéÀ ´’ç*Cé¬ü¿’)
Kuber? ûÁ®Ω* Öçúøôç îª÷úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’,
candidate's own hand writing? It must ûÁL-Æœçü∆? 3) She has came to borrow a book from me
(èπ◊¶‰®˝, á°æ¤púø’
be complete in with all particulars. No Shopkeeper: ÉçéÓ police officer à¢Ó- éÌ-†-ú≈-EéÀ
(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ´*açC)
AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh¢˛?) 4) Where do you want to go now?
column must be blank. If a column does
Kuber: Only after 5. Till ´î√a®Ω’. ÅC é̆ôç °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆é¬
not apply to us, we must write in it, shop ûÁJ-* -Öç-îª-´’E Çïc Éî√a®Ω’,
É°æ¤púø’ áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?
then I must be 5) Vasanth: Which college do you want to
Does not apply / Not applicable' No
at office. I must M. SURESAN sir.
join?
dashes either. Police officer: Governor
close the accounts before I leave office. ´*aØ√ ®√vA 10.30èπ◊ Hemanth: I have come to consult you.
(*†o-°œ-©x™« ´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊. O’ Ø√†o fill shop
office
(5 í∫çô© ûª®√yûË. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ™ØË éπõ„d-ߪ÷uL. ´’Ja-§Úèπ◊. Vasanth: To join our college will be the
îËߪ’ôç (Eç°æôç) àN’öÀ? Application
Öçú≈L. Office accounts
´C-™‰-´·çü¿’, Answers: best.
ŶµºuJn Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-JûÓ Öçú≈L. ÅEo N´-®√-©ûÓ close Hemanth: But to join your college will be
°æ‹Jhí¬ Öçú≈L. à column èπÿú≈ ë«Sí¬
èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷L) a) Karthik: Are you ready? Shall we start?
kuber, must duties expensive, won't it?
Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ´’†èπ◊ ´Jhç-îªE column
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ †’ ûª† Sravan: Wait I must pay the fees today. Let me
(office É™«ç-öÀN Ñ game practice ™ îËߪ’çúÕ.
àüÁj-Ø√ Öçõ‰ Does not apply/ Not appli-
îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ éπü∆? ™ Öçú≈- get the money.
Karthik: Why can't you pay tomorrow?
-v°æ-¨¡o:
Lq† Æ洒ߪ’ç, îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ†’©’ – É™«çöÀ Nüµ¿’©’/
cable ÅE ®√ߪ÷L. Dash ©’ ™«çöÀN
duties) ÉN must èπ◊ -Ö†o È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç – Sravan: From tomorrow, we must pay a fine of
èπÿú≈ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.) Must expresses duties.
Candidate (é¬uEf-úÁ-ß˝’ö¸ – é¬u, bank ™ b ™«í¬ Rs.10/- per day. †’-´¤y -´’®Ω-*-§Ú-û√-¢Ë-¢Á÷-†-E í∫’®Ω’h -îË-¨»-†’.
Udaya: May I go now Madam? 'Lest you should forget that I have
é¬u ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) = ŶµºuJn particulars (°æöÀ-
(¢Á-∞Ôx-î√açúŒ?) Karthik: We must be at the lab by 9. What's the
Sandhya: No. You must stay here for another reminded you' Ñ ¢√éπuç ÆæÈ®j-†-
èπ◊u-©ñ¸ öÀ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç, r silent, *´J ñ¸, delay? You have the money.
hour; understand? You must finish Lest
üËØ√? ´ÊÆ h should ®√¢√-L -éπü∆?
size ™ z ™«í∫) = N´-®√©’. blank = -ë«-S. Sravan: No one is at home. I must/ have to wait
the work I have given you and then i) ¢√úÕûÓ Øˆ’ îÁ§ƒpE îÁ°æ¤p Fèπ◊ Ç °æE-îËÆ œ °úø-û√úø’.-
Does not apply/ Not applicable = ´Jhç-îªü¿’. till mother comes back. She has told
only leave. ii) †’´¤y Å™« ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-´E Ø√èπ◊ ´·çüË ûÁ©’Ææ’.
No... either = 'no' -ûÓ é¬F, not ûÓ é¬F also me that I must wait till she is back.
-O-öÀ-E ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’, No/ not either
(™‰ü¿’. ÉçéÓ í∫çô Öçú≈L †’Ny-éπ\úø. Karthik: We must be at the lab at 9. Shall I go?
iii) old boy Åçõ‰ close friend ÅØË Å®Ωnç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?
Åçö«ç. Column = 鬩ç = Application ™
ØËE-*a† °æE °æ‹JhîËÆœ† ûª®√yûË ¢Á∞«xL Sravan: Why are you so worried? Aswini is – ®√ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝, ü¿Jz
ÅúÕÍí Å稻©’ – Åçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç ®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ
†’´¤y. -ûÁ-LÆœçü∆?)
Ééπ\úø Sandhya ´÷ô©Fo commands/ orders
here. We can go on his bike. -ï-¢√-•’: 1. †’´¤y ´’Ja-§Ú-û√-¢Ë¢Á÷†E í∫’®Ω’h î˨»†’ –
ÖüËl-Pç-*† ë«S Ææn©ç) b) Police officer: What is the time now? DEéÀ correct English - I have reminded you
= Çïc©’. Åçõ‰ ÇïcL-´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ must Shopkeeper: Past 10.30 lest you (should) forget.
Klupta: I don't know how to fill in properly.
¢√úøû√ç. Police officer: Don't you know that you must 'That I have reminded you; ûª°æ¤p
(´’J- Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ Eç°æôç ®√ü¿’. É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o must uses: 2. Start early lest you should be late
Properly = v§ƒ°æ-L = ÆæJí¬_) close shop by 10.30? you must
1) Rules (E•ç-üµ¿-†-©èπ◊) 2) duties (Nüµ¿’-©èπ◊) close it now. Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’.
Vipula: Take your dad's help. Remember too
3) commands/ orders (Çïc-©èπ◊) Shopkeeper: The showcase is outside. I 3. He carried an umbrella lest he (should) get
that you must enclose all the certifi- drenched
Now practice the following in English: must keep it in.
cates. The application must reach the ûªúÕ-Æœ-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ íÌúø’í∫’ BÂÆ\-∞«xúø’.
office on or before the 31st January. a) Police officer: I must not see the shop open
No 1, No 3 sentences ™ should omit îËߪ’-´îª’a.
fill certifi- Karthik: †’´¤y ready Ø√? •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ü∆´÷? after 10.30 again; understand?
(O’ Ø√†o ≤ƒßª’çûÓ îÁß˝’. ÅEo No. 2 ™ èπÿú≈ should lest you be late
BÊÆÆœ,
cates Application, office
ïûª-°æ-®√aL. Ç èπ◊, Sravan: é¬Ææh Çí∫’. ؈’ Ñ®Ó-V °∂‘V-éπ-ö«dL. Shopkeeper: Some other Police Officer came ņ-´îª’a. Lest = so that not.
31 st Jan ™‰ü∆ Åç-ûªèπ◊´·çü¿’í¬-F îË®√L. Åçü¿’-éπE úø•’s ûÁa-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. here to buy something. He i) Tell him it is from me. He will do it.
Certificate - ÆæöÀ-°∂œ-Èé-ß˝’ö¸ – Èé ØÌéÀ\ Karthik: Í®°æ¤ éπôd-èπÿ-úøü¿÷? ordered me to keep the shop (It is from me = ؈’ îÁ§ƒp-†E îÁ°æ¤p)
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) Sravan: Í®°æöÀ†’ç* ®ÓVèπ◊ Rs 10/- ïJ-´÷† éπö«dLq open until his purchases are ii) I knew that you would think so.
complete, sir. iii) Close friend old boy
†’, correct,
ņôç
Klupta: I must hurry up. (Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ûªy®Ω°æ-ú≈L) Öçô’çC.
(Purchases = é̆’-íÓ©’) Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
iII
Subodh: Pramod, we must travel by some
morning train to avoid hot sun. So
let's have our tickets booked by an
early morning train.
(´’†ç Öü¿-ߪ’ç-°æ‹ô train ™ ¢Á∞«xL, áçúø
ûªí∫-©-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Åçü¿’-éπE ´’†ç
§Òü¿’l-†-°æ‹ô train èπ◊ tickets book îË®·ç-
-èπ◊çü∆ç.)
Pramod: And as it's going to be a long journey,
we must carry enough cash with us
as well. We must be careful about
spending too, not at every place can
we find an ATM of our bank.
(î√™« ü¿÷®Ω v°æߪ÷ùç 鬕öÀd ûªT-†çûª
úø•’s èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL. ÅC èπÿú≈ ñ«ví∫-
ûªhí¬ ê®Ω’a °ö«dL. ÅEo-îÓö«x ´’† bank
ATM Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a)
(ATM = Automatic Teller Machine - Bank
card ûÓ úø•’s §Òçü¿-í∫© à®√pô’)
Subodh: We must carry food too. The food on
the train is very expensive and not at
all good.
(´’†ç A†-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ à¢Á’iØ√ BÆæ’Èé-∞«xL.
Train ™ ǣ慮Ωç êKüË é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¶«í∫’ç-
úøü¿’ èπÿú≈)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ must ûÓ ´*a† expressions
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -Ç-C¢√®Ωç 29 -ï-†-´-J 2006
b) We must carry enough cash.
î√L-†çûªcash BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL ´’†ç, (™‰èπ◊çõ‰
É•sçC °æúøû√ç)
c) If I want to avoid the queue, I must be
there atleast by 8.
(Q ™ E©-´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, ؈-éπ\úø 8
éπ™«x Öçú≈L)
d) I must check up with him and see that
every thing is ready.
(ÅFo Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖØ√oßÁ÷ ™‰üÓ ¢√úÕûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕ
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L)
°j ¢√é¬u-©-Eoçöx èπÿú≈ must, necessity (Å´-Ææ- 鬕öÀd have to/ has to expresses command, á°æ¤púø÷ î√™« †í∫-©ûÓ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ü∆¢Á’. ¶«í¬
®√Eo – Åçõ‰ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© v§Úü¿s©ç´©x ´’†èπ◊ 鬴-©- duty, necessity, etc., more powerfully than Ö†o ¢√∞Îkx Öçú≈L.
Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷©-†’, ´’†ç îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ-†N) ûÁ©’-°æ¤- should. 2) I see prasanth's name on the book.
It should be his.
ûª’çC. Must Ñ ´‚úÕçöx ÅEo-öÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ í∫öÀdí¬
´·êuçí¬ í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC: îÁ°æ¤hçC, commands é¬F, duty é¬F, necessity -Ç •’é˙ O’ü¿ v°æ¨»çû˝ Ê°®Ω’çC. ÅC Åûª-EüÁj
Have to/ has to, should, must- Öçú≈L.
Ñ ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬™x î√™« ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ é¬F, rules é¬F. practice the following in English
'Must' is stronger than have to/ has to or
ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. Kesav:
èπ◊´÷-®˝E ¢ÁçôØË Øˆ’ éπ©-¢√L. ÅûªúÕûÓ
Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀF èπÿú≈ ´’†ç, Rules, duty, com- should.
´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç äéπ-ô’çC.
mands, necessity ©†’ express îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ I should go-
Gangadhar: Éçöx Öçú≈L°æ¤púø-ûª†’ ´’J. Å®Ω-í∫çô
¢√úøû√ç. ؈’ ¢Á∞«xL; éÀçü¿õ‰ ؈’ phone îËÊÆh îÁ§ƒpúø’
DØËo ÉçéÌçîÁç í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰– I have to go- ûªØÁ-éπ\-úÕéà ¢Á∞¡xôç ™‰ü¿E
Éçé¬ í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰– I must go. Kesav: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ¢ÁçôØË ¢Á∞«xL. †’´‹y ´≤ƒh¢√?
Gangadhar: ´÷ ÇNúø ûª††’ áéπ\-úÕéÓ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-
ÉO should, have to/ has to, must èπ◊ ÖçúË
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
104 ûËú≈©’. ´’çC. ØË¢Á-∞«xL ¢ÁçôØË. ÇNúø Ø√éÓÆæç
wait îËÆæ÷h Öçô’çC ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈.

We must be careful
îª÷ü∆lç.
Must travel, must carry, must be careful.
-É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o must Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’.
1) Must expresses rules. (E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-
ûª’çC)
Candidates must report for the interview at
9 AM on 2nd Feb 2006. Å®·ûË should
Oô-Eoç-öÀ™ mild (ûªèπ◊\´ force). For commands, duties, necessity and Kesav:
Å®·ûË ¢ÁçôØË
(2nd Feb 2006 ®ÓV Ŷµºu-®Ω’n-©’ interview èπ◊ should ´·êuçí¬ àC îËÊÆh ÆæJ, àC é¬ü¿’ ņ-ö«- rules. ¢Á∞¡Ÿx. ¶µ«®Ωu© N≠æ-
must
£æ…ï®Ω’ 鬢√L) EéÀ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç. have to/ has to ߪ÷™x ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
2) Must expresses commands (Çïc-L-´y-ö«-EéÀ a) You should be punctual should stronger strongest Öçú≈L ´’†ç.
must ¢√úøû√ç) (†’´¤ypunctual í¬ Öçú≈L– Öçúøôç ´’ç*C). least than form Gangadhar: †’´¤y ņ’-¶µº-
You must not do it again. b) He should not talk like that strong should ´çûÓ
Commands, rules
(´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç: ™«çöÀN îÁ•’ûª’-ç-ú≈-L
áçûª ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úÕûË Åçûª Kesav: Ok. Ok. ؈’ M. SURESAN
(O’JC ´’Sx îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’) (Åûª-†™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’– Å™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈
3) Must expresses duty. Öçõ‰ ´’ç*C) must
îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ
I must be at office until 5. should éπØ√o, have to/ has to, force áèπ◊\´. ´’ç*C. Must ´’K í∫öÀdí¬ Çñ«c-°œç-îªôç, ´’çü¿-Lç- ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o.
(âCçöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ؈’ office ™ Öçú≈L) éÌçîÁç í∫öÀdí¬ command É´y-ö«-EéÀ, Nüµ∆-ߪ’éπç îªôç Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÅC ´’†ç àüÓ ´’† ÇCµ-éπu-ûª†’, Answer:
´’Sx °j Ææ綵«-≠æù îªCN must Ö†o expressions ÅE îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÃ, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ éÌçîÁç force ûÓ ûÁ©-°æ- ÅCµ-é¬-®√Eo îª÷°œç--èπ◊-†oô’d Å´¤-ûª’çC. ≤ƒ´÷- Kesav: I must / have to meet kumar urgently.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ö«-EéÀ have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç. †uçí¬ Çñ«c-°œç-îªôç, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îªôç There is an important matter I have to
a) We must carry enough cash. a) I have to take my sister to the hospital Å®·ûË shall, should ©ûÓ ÇT-§Ú-´ôç good talk to him about./ I have to talk to him
(more powerful manners. Must, manners ûÁL-Æ œ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx Çïc-©èπ◊
î√L-†çûª cash BÆæ’Èé-∞«xL ´’†ç BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL. î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç about something important.
b) We must travel by some morning train. than, 'I should take')... î√--™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Duty, necessity ûÁ©-°æ- Gangadhar: He must be at home now. A short-
´’†ç §Òü¿’l† train ™ ¢Á∞«xL. b) He has to do whatever I want him to do ö«-EéÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a). while ago I called him and he told
Should, must-
c) We must be careful. ØËØËC ¢√úÕo îÁߪ’u-´’ç--ö«ØÓ ¢√úøC îÁߪ÷u-LqçüË. me he wouldn't be going any-
´’†ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. c) They have to finish the work by the -Ñ È®ç-úÕ-ç-öÀ-F ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo where.
°j ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u™x must, necessity (Å´-Ææ-®√Eo) evening ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ ÉN perhaps Kesav: Then I must rush. Are you coming with
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC éπü∆? Åçõ‰ ´’†ç É•sçC °æúø-èπ◊çú≈, (≤ƒßª’ç-vû√-E-éπ™«x ¢√-∞«} °æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷-LqçüË). (•£æ›-¨¡) èπ◊ opposite. me?
b), c) ™ should ¢√úø-´îª’a have to/ has to èπ◊ Pramod: Any idea where Praful is?
´’†èπ◊ îÁúø’ ï®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ ´’† Å´-Ææ-®√Eo ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Gangadhar: My wife wanted me to take her
must ¢√úøû√ç. •ü¿’©’. Å®·ûË have to/ has to Åçûª force (v°æ°∂椙¸ áéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ à¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) somewhere. I must go home at
Manoj: He must be at home. He is expecting
a) We must hurry or we'll miss the beginning ®√ü¿’. once, she must be waiting for me.
d) He has made mistakes and has to face the some guests.
of the movie. Kesav: Then go. We must be careful about
consequences. (ÉçöxØË Öçú≈L ´’J. á´®Ó guests
´’†ç ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ movie begin- things connected with them.
éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’) Gangadhar: You must be speaking from expe-
ning miss Å´¤û√ç.
(ûª°æ¤p©’ î˨»úø’ 鬕öÀd °∂æLûªç ņ’-¶µº-Nç-î√-LqçüË).
Pramod: Who are the guests? (á´®Ω’ guests?)
rience.

-v°æ-¨¡o: Learn èπ◊ past ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ È®çúø’ learned, learnt ÅE ÖØ√o®·. Å™«Íí past
Manoj: His cousins from the states on a short
Kesav: Ok. Ok. I'm going.
visit to India.
participles èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË she learnt english ÅØ√™«? She learned eng- Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ. éÀçü¿öÀ≤ƒJ
cousins - India
(Å¢Á’-J-鬙 Ö†o -ÅûªE èπ◊
lish ÅØ√™«?
É*a† game ™ infinitive practice î˨»-®Ω’-í∫ü∆.
-´î√a®Ω’. éÌCl ®ÓV--©’ç-ö«®Ω’) Ñ≤ƒJ sentence ™ verb èπ◊, infinitive èπÿ ´’üµ¿u
Å™«Íí passive voice ™ English was learned ņ-´î√a? English was Pramod: That should keep him busy for anoth-
me, us, you, him, her, it, them °öÀd practice
learnt ÅØË ÅØ√™«? Å™«Íí burnt, burned, dreamt, dreamed © í∫’-Jç-< er two days then.
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. îËߪ’çúÕ.
(Åçü¿’-´©x Åûªúø’ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©’ eg: a) I want you to go;
– á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ busy í¬ Öçö«úø’) b) She wants him to sing
-ï-¢√-•’: Learned, learnt- past tense éπ®·Ø√, past participle éπ®·Ø√ OöÀ È®çúÕöx Ééπ\úø
busy-
must be at home, should keep him
É´Fo èπÿú≈ ´’†ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-C/
c) What do you want me to do?
àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a – ÅFo äéπõ‰, passive ™ èπÿú≈. ÅüË Nüµ¿çí¬, burned, d) Dad doesn't want me to waste time.
burnt, dreamt, dreamed N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ àüÁjØ√, à voice ™ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
-Öç-ô’çC ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊. ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ ņ’-èπ◊ØË É™«ç-öÀN practice îËÆœ áEo sentences
Å®·ûË learned E ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ† (àüÁjØ√ subject) ÅØË Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤úø’, N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊ must, should ¢√úøû√ç. îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.
1) See her always with a lot of jewellry on.
learned (pronunciation - ™„Eú˛ – ™„ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç.
She must be quite rich.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 31 -ï-†-´-J 2006
Sravan: Hi Pavan, how was the movie yester- One of all time greats: All time great -
day? Ñ ´÷ô á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp-¢√-∞¡Ÿx-í¬ / -íÌ-°æp-Ní¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË-
( movie
E†o ᙫ ÖçC?) ¢√∞¡Ÿx/ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îËN ÅE Å®Ωnç.
Pavan: Not very good, but not so bad either. a) Sankarabharanam is an all time great.
(Åçûª ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’, Åçûª îÁúø’í¬ ™‰ü¿’) b) Tendulkar is an all time great.
Sravan: (Do) you suggest that I see it? ÅD all time great meaning and use.
suggest =
(îª÷úø-´’ç-ö«¢√? Ææ÷*ç-îªôç) Was showing: hall
*vûªç -äéπ ™ -Çúø’-ûª÷çC
Pavan: I leave it to you. (í∫ûªç™)
leave it to you =
(ÅC F É≠ædç FéÌ-C-™‰- Kranthi: The movie is excellent. You must
Ææ’hØ√o. F É≠ædç) see
Sravan: The other day, I happened to watch it. I feel like seeing it a second time.
best sequence in the movie . Answers:
an old English movie. 'The ten com- Prasanth: Where is it showing?
(Ç *vûªç™ ÅC Öûªh´’ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç) Sruthi: Hi Laya, weren't you (were you not) at
mandments' on the TV. A real good (ÅC áéπ\úø Çúø’-ûÓçC?) b) Most of the shots in the movie were shot in home yesterday?
movie - one of the all time greats. Kranthi: It is showing in Chitramahal.
Kashmir Laya: No, I went to a movie. I had not going
TV
(¢Á·ØÁo-°æ¤púÓ äéπ ®ÓV† ™ §ƒûª (ÅC *vûª-´’-£æ«-™¸™ Çúø’-ûÓçC) (
Ç *vûªç™ î√-™« ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»©’ é¬Qt-®˝™ B¨»®Ω’ better to do. (I went to a movie, having
English movie, 'The ten command- *vûªç -äéπ theatre showing
™ Çúøôç = ✓ Role= -§ƒ--vûª= part. - nothing better to do.)
ments movie.
îª÷¨»†’. Eïçí¬ íÌ°æp - Last week it was showing in Chitradarsini. I
a) SV Rangarao could act any role with ease Sruthi: Which movie, and where is it showing?
á°æp-öÀéà íÌ°æp¢Ë ņ’-èπ◊ØË ¢√öÀ™x -Å-üÌéπöÀ. don't know where it is showing now. Some
(SV ®Ωçí¬-®√´¤ à §ƒvûª-ØÁjØ√ Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ Laya: Premaku Kallu Levu. At Chitrajyothi.
(All time great - á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp) other movie is showing in Chitradarsini.
(with ease) †öÀçîª-LÍí-¢√úø’) Sruthi: Was it good?
Pavan: Why didn't you tell me? (í∫ûª ¢√®Ωç ÅC *vûª-ü¿-Jz-E™ Ç-úÕç-C.É°æ¤úø’ áéπ\úø b) His is the most important role in the movie Laya: My God! What a bore (it was)!
(Ø√Èéç-ü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’?) Çúø’-ûª’çüÓ ûÁMü¿’. *vûª-ü¿-Jz-E™ ÉçÍéüÓ movie (
Ç *vûªç™ Åûª-EC ÅA ´·êu-¢Á’i† §ƒvûª)
Sravan: I didn't know myself that it was show- Çúø’-ûÓç-C-°æ¤púø’) Sruthi: Who were the actors? \ What was the
act a role = do a role = take on a role
ing. I just turned on HBO channel and cast?
(
äé𠧃vûª™ †öÀç-îªôç)
there it was. Laya: The movie featured a big cast./ The
a) Nageswara Rao acted the role of Narada in
HBO
(Ø√èπ◊ ûÁMü¿’ ÅC -´-≤Úhç-ü¿-E Ü-JÍé actors were all great./ The cast includ-
Bhukailas \ Nageswara Rao did the role of
channel movie
A§ƒp†’. Ñ éπE-°œç-*çC) ed all great actors.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Narada .
Pavan: Was it very good? Sruthi: How did they act?/ How did they do?/
105 (Ø√Íí-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤ Ø√®Ωü¿’úÕ §ƒvûª ¢Ë¨»®Ω’)
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çü∆?) How did they perform?/ How was their
Sravan: You can say that again and again.

Tendulkar is an all time great

(´’Sx-´’Sx -îÁ§Òpa. Ç ´÷ô.)
It ran to packed houses for weeks
together those days
Houseful
(Ç ®ÓV™x ¢√®√© ûª®Ω-•úÕ í¬
†úÕ-*çC)
Pavan: Who were the cast?
(û√®Ω-™„-´®Ω’?) b) He acted the role well performance?
Sravan: The movie features Charlton Heston Ran to packed houses: Houseful í¬ ÇúÕçC. (
Ç §ƒvûª™ Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’) Laya: They couldn't
as Moses and Yul Brynner as the Packed house = houseful
✓ Live a role =
§ƒvûª ™  @Nç- î ª ô ç act well./They
Pharaoh. Run to packed houses = houseful í¬ †úø-´úøç. ✓ Do justice to a role = didn't do well.
✓ movie
(Moses Charlton Heston, Pharaoh
í¬ run
Çúø-ö«Eo ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç. §ƒvûª è π ◊ Ø√uߪ ’ ç îË è π ÿ - ® Ω a ôç
✓ Comic role = Sruthi: So I need not
✓
Yul Brynner
í¬ Moses-
†öÀç-î√®Ω’. - Çmovie É°æpöÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ 4 ¢√®√©’ ÇúÕçC. £æ … Ææ u §ƒvûª ,
✓ Tragic role =
ü¿’”ê-§ƒvûª see it.
Pharaoh - Egyptian- The movie has run for the past four weeks.
Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game ÇúøçúÕ. M. SURESAN
¢Á÷ñ‰Æˇ; §∂ƒ®Ó îªvéπ- ✓ Perform =
✓ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ 100 ®ÓV©’ Çúø’-ûª’çC =
´Jh) E®Ωy£œ«ç-îª-úøç
✓ He performed well =
Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’. I know what to do.
Pavan: Any special feature of it? It will certainly run for a hundred days.
His performance as Sri Rama deserves all
movie
(Ç ™ àçöÀ -v°æ-ûËuéπ-ûª?) ✓ movie Åçü¿Ko Çéπ-J{ç-îË-ü¿-®·ûË– (ØËØËç îËߪ÷™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’) Ééπ\úø O’®Ω’ îËߪ÷-Lqç-
praise.
Sravan: The cleavage of the sea. It's a grand It's a big draw. ü¿ ™«x ÉüË †´‚-Ø√™ O’®Ω’ îÁ°æp-í∫-L_-†Eo sentences
shot. I have yet to see such a shot in a) This movie will be a big draw
(X®√-´·-úÕí¬ Çߪ’† †ô† ¢Á’a-éÓ-ûª-í∫_C.) æp-í∫-©_úøç. Variety èπÿú≈ Öçú≈L. Åçõ‰, no ûÓ†÷,
✓ (Deserve = Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçúøôç.
îÁ °
any movie. It looked as though the sea (Ñ movie Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-ú≈h®Ω’/ ÅC Åçü¿Ko questions, dialogue form èπÿú≈ ®√¢√L. Å®Ωnç cor-
He deserves an award
really parted by a path. That's the high- Çéπ-J{-Ææ’hçC.) rect í¬ Öçú≈L.
(Çߪ’† •£æ›-´’-AéÀ Å®Ω’|úø’)
light of the movie. (It will run to packed houses) eg: a) Hema forgot how to open the box
✓ Comedy = Ææ’ë«ç-ûª-¢Á’i-†/-£æ…-Ææu-v°æ-üµ∆-†-¢Á’i-† éπü∑¿
(Ææ´·vü¿ç <©ôç – Å™«çöÀShot †’ ؈’ b) *vûªç™ àüÁjØ√ ã ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç î√-™« -íÌ-°æp-ü¿-®·ûË, ÅC (box ᙫ ûÁ®Ω-¢√™ Ê£«´’ ´’Ja-§Ú-®·çC)
èπÿú≈ big draw ØË. /movie / Ø√ôéπç
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ à ÆœE-´÷-™†÷ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’. ✓ Tragedy = ü¿’”ë«ç-ûª-¢Á’i† Ø√ô-éπç/-*-vûªç/-éπü∑¿ b) She did not know where to sit
Eïç-í¬ØË Ææ´·vü¿ç È®çúø’-§ƒ--ߪ’© ´’üµ¿u The chariot race in Benhur is a big draw
a) Missamma is a comedy (áéπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-¢√™ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ûÁM-™‰ü¿’)
ü∆Í®-®ΩpúÕ†ô’d îª÷°œç-î√®Ω’. Ç movie-™ - (Benhur ™ ®Ωü∑∆© °æçüÁç ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç ´·êu Çéπ-®Ω{ù.)
b) Devadasu is a tragedy c) Do you know when to start?
v°æ-üµ∆-† Çéπ-®Ω{ù ÅüË.) ✓ Movie™ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç = sequence (Æ‘ÈéyØ˛q) Big
Comic role = £æ…Ææu §ƒvûª; (á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)
Pavan: can we get a CD of it?
CD
(ü∆E üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çü∆?)
draw, high light ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé Å®Ωnç éπ©-N = ´·êu-
Ç-éπ-®Ω{ù. Tragic role = ü¿’”ê-°æ‹-J- §ƒvûª Ñ sentence pattern í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
a) Brahmanandam is known for his comic roles Sub. ûª®√yûª verb, Ç ûª®√yûª 'Wh' Word, Ç ûª®√yûª
Sravan: Definitely (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈) ✓ caste = û√®√-í∫ùç, movie /drama™.
(£æ…Ææu-§ƒ-vûª-©èπ◊ -v•£æ…t-†ç-ü¿ç v°æÆ œ-Cl¥-§Òç-ü∆úø’) infinitive éπü∆. Ñ dialogue èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.
Ñ Ææ綵«≠æù©çû√ ÆœE´÷ í∫’JçîË éπü∆. Ñ a) 'Danaveera Sura karna' casts Rama Rao in
b) Some artists are suitable for tragic roles Prem: Do you remember when to start?
lesson™ movie èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† vocabulary the roles of Duryodhana, Krishna and Karna.
(éÌçü¿®Ω’ †ô’©’ ü¿’”ê-§ƒ-vûª©’ ¶«í¬ îË≤ƒh®Ω’.) (á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ ñ«c°æéπç Öçü∆?)
(°æü¿-ñ«©ç) ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆´÷ ? -´·ç-ü¿’ -Ñ ´÷ô©’ (ü∆†-O-®Ω-¨¡⁄-®Ω-éπ-®Ωg™ ®√´÷-®√´¤ -ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†, éπ%-≠æ-g, éπ®Ω’g- comedian
îª÷úøçúÕ; movie, TVéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†N. úÕí¬ ´‚úø’ §ƒvûª-™x †öÀç-î√úø’) £æ…Ææu-†-ô’úø’ = Syam: I do, but you did not tell me where to go.
1. Movie 2. Watch a movie on the TV b) He is cast as a villain in the movie
(éπO’-úÕ-ߪ’-Ø˛–'-O’—-ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç (ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«x™ †’´¤y îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.)
Relangi was a great comedian É™« Ñ game practice îËÆœ áEo sentences ®√ߪ’-
3. One of all time greats 4. Was showing ( movie
Ç villain
™ ÅûªEC (N©Ø˛) §ƒvûª) comedienne
£æ…Ææu-†öÀ = (éπN’-úŒ-ߪ’Ø˛),
5. turned on 6. ran to packed houses c) The cast of the movie has chitrakumar as í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.
7. cast 8. featured 9. shot 10. highlight hero and chitrasri as the heroine
úŒ, O’ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©-é¬L.
´÷´‚-©’í¬ îª©-†-*vûªç -Åç-õ‰ English movie.
™ (Ç *vûªç-™ -*-vûªèπ◊-´÷®˝ £‘«®Óí¬, -*-vûª-vQ -£‘«®Ó®·-Ø˛í¬ Practice the following in English. -v°æ-¨¡o-: éπÈ®-Fq -ØÓ-ôx-O’-ü¿ -
'I PROMiSE
Cinema Åçõ‰ English ™ cinema hall, hall
Ç ™ -†-öÀç-î√®Ω’) Sruthi: Hi Laya, †’´¤y E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Éçöx TO PAY THE BEARER THE
ÇúË *vûªç é¬ü¿’. The cinema Åçõ‰ -†-*vûª°æJ- d) Feature ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅüË. ™‰¢√? SUM OF TWENTY RUPEES' -
English film a) The movie, Ninnu Nenu Pelladanu features Laya =
™‰†’. àçîË-ߪ÷™ ûÓîªéπ Movie Èé∞«x†’ Å-E -Öç-ô’ç-C.-D-E -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ?
-áÆˇ.-á-¢˛’.-úÕ. -É®√p¥-Ø˛, -†ç-ü∆u©- -
v¨¡´’. -†-*-vû√Eo ™ ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-
That cinema is good hall Natesh and Abhinetri in the lead roles à Sruthi: movie,
áéπ\-ú≈-úø’-ûÓçC?
-ï-¢√-•’.- Currency notes O’ü¿ Ç
´îª’a. Åçõ‰ Ç ÆœE´÷
¶«í∫’ç-ü¿ØË é¬F, Åçü¿’™ Çúø’-ûª’†o *vûªç ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿E ('E†’o ؈’ °∞«x-ú≈†’— *vûªç™ †õ‰≠ˇ, ÅGµ-ØËvA vÊ°´’èπ ◊ Laya:
éπ ∞ ¡ Ÿx ™‰´¤. *vûª-ñ u-A™.
é¬ü¿’. v°æüµ∆† §ƒvûªüµ∆®Ω’©’.Lead role = v°æüµ∆†§ƒvûª, ¶«í∫ ’çü∆? Sruthi: sentence ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÅC à N©’-´-™‰E ´÷´‚©’ é¬T-
See / watch a movie = movie îª÷úøôç. movie Laya: My God,
áçûª bore éÌöÀdçüÓ?
™ é¬F Ø√ô-éπç™ é¬E.) ûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. Currency notes ñ«K-îË-ÊÆC
(Å®·ûË am seeing / is seeing / are seeing a b) The movie features all great actors Sruthi:
†ô’-™„-´®Ω’? Reserve Bank of India. ü∆E ÅCµ-é¬J Governor
movie ņç. Am+ing / is+ing / are + ing ¢√ú≈Lq ( Laya:
íÌ°æp-†-ô’™‰ ÖØ√o®Ω’. é¬F movie àç ¶«í¬-
Ç *vûªç™ û√®Ω-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ íÌ°æp-¢√∞Ïx.) of Reserve Bank of India. Ç ÅCµ-é¬J ´’†-éÀîËa
´ÊÆh am watching / is watching / are watching c) The movie features him in a minor role ™‰ü¿’. £æ…O’ßË’ Ç sentence - Ñ é¬Tûªç- Ö-†o á´-J-ÈéjØ√
a movie ņôç correct) (Åûª†’ Ç movie ™ ã *†o-§ƒ-vûª™ éπEp-≤ƒhúø’.) Sruthi: ¢√∞Îx™« î˨»®Ω’? (bearer) ؈’ ®Ω÷. 20/– (™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÉçÈéç-ûª-®·Ø√)
TV™ = on the TV. We are watching an inter- ✓ Shot = *vûªç™ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç =sequence. Laya: ¢√∞¡⁄x à´’çûª íÌ°æpí¬ †öÀç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’.
Sruthi: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ îª÷úø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿-†o-´÷ô.
îÁLx-≤ƒh-†E.
esting programme on the TV. (in the TV é¬ü¿’) a) That's the best shot in the movie=That's the

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII
Priya: Hi Divya, We really enjoyed the movie
yesterday, didn't we?
(E†omovie Eïçí¬enjoy î˨»ç, éπü∆?)
Divya: Certainly. Chitrasri's performance as the
heroine was really superb.
Heroine
(Eïç-í¬ØË í¬ *vûªX †ô† Åü¿’s¥ûªç)
Heroine £«®Ó-®·Ø˛– £« ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç
Superb: Ææ÷u°æ¶¸ – °æ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Priya: The movie will be a runaway success.
(Ñ *vûªç ¶«í¬ Nï-ߪ’-´çûªç Å´¤-ûª’çC)
Divya: It can't be otherwise with that kind of
story line, brilliant action and clever
direction
(Å™«çöÀ éπü∑¿, ´’ç* †ô†, ûÁL¢Áj† ü¿®Ωz-éπ-
ûªyçûÓ ÅC ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ ™‰ü¿’)
Priya: The main characters brought out the tal-
ent of the lead pair.
(´·êu-¢Á’i† §ƒvûª©’ v°æüµ∆† ïçô v°æA-¶µº†’
¢ÁL-éÀ-ûÁ-î√a®·)
Character: é¬u®Ωéπd – é¬ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç;
é¬, ¶«uçé˙™ ¶«u ™«í¬ = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç –
Q©ç/ í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©’/ Ææy¶µ«´ç. é¬F Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç–
ã éπü∑¿™, Ø√ô-éπç™ ÆœE-´÷™ §ƒvûª.
Lead Pair = v°æ´·ê ïçô – ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬
éπü∑¿™/ Ø√ô-éπç™/ *vûªç™ Ø√ߪ’-é¬-Ø√-®·-éπ©’.
Divya: They have been a hit pair - chitrakumar
and chitrasri. Their combination has
been successful.
hero,
(¢√R}-ü¿lJ – *vûª-èπ◊-´÷®˝, *vûªX ïçô –
heroine hit.
í¬ Â°ü¿l ¢√∞¡xC Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†
ïçô Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊)
Priya: They are teaming up again in the next
movie 'premikulugane vundam'
(®√¶-ûª’†o *vûªç 'vÊ°N’-èπ◊-©’-í¬ØË Öçü∆ç—™
èπÿú≈ ¢√∞¡Ÿx éπLÆœ †öÀÆæ’hØ√o®Ω’)
Divya: They show themselves at their best
when they are cast opposite each other
(¢√∞¡Ÿx ïçôí¬ / Ø√ߪ’-é¬-Ø√-®·-éπ-©’í¬ †öÀÊÆh
¢√∞¡x v°æA¶µº î√™« ¶«í¬ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’)
Priya: I think she made her debut in nee
kosame. She hasn't had a failure in her
career
4) Character: éπü∑¿™ / Ø√ô-éπç™/ *vûªç™ §ƒvûª.
(Ç¢Á’ ÆœF-®Ωçí∫ç v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç FéÓ-Ææ¢Ë’ *vûªçûÓØË
ņ’-èπ◊çö«, Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ à *vûªç èπÿú≈ N°∂æ-©- a)DØËNTR
´’-´y-™‰ü¿’)
Her action in "Aunantara, Kadantara?" is
really memorable
(å†ç-ö«®√, é¬ü¿ç-ö«®√? *vûªç™ Ç¢Á’ †ô†
´’®Ω-°æ¤-®√-EC)
Divya: Ok. I must be going Priya. Meet you
tomorrow. Bye
(ØË ¢Á∞«xL. Í®°æ¤ éπ©’-≤ƒh†’. Bye)
Priya: Bye
Play ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å®·ûË Çúøôç, Ééπ\úø †öÀç-îªúøç.
éÀçü¿öÀ Lesson ™ -†-*-vû√-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†
´÷ô©’ î√™« îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo 5) lead pair= ´·êu-ïçô– Ø√ߪ’é¬ Ø√®·-éπ©’. (the
îª÷ü∆lç. É´Fo ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’
¢√úø’-ûª÷çõ‰ Conversational English î√™«
¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. ÉN îª÷úøçúÕ.
1. Superb 2. A runaway success 3. storyline
4. characters 5. lead pair 6. hit pair 7. team-
ing up 8. cast opposite 9. debut
1) superb= Åü¿’s¥ûªç/ Å¢Á÷°∂æ’ç = àüÁj-Ø√-ÆæÍ® –
Movie 鬴a, ã íÌ°æp °æ¤Ææhéπç 鬴a, äéπJ
†ô†/ véÃúø/ äéπ®Ω’ ≤ƒCµç-*çC – É¢Ë-¢ÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®
Åü¿’s¥-ûªçí¬ Öçõ‰ Superb Åçö«ç.
a) It is a superb hattrick by Irfan Pathan =
hattrick. Hattrick
É®√p¥Ø˛ °æ®∏√-Ø˛C Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i†
Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆ – ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x ´®Ω-Ææí¬ Nïߪ’ç
≤ƒCµÊÆh, ´·êuçí¬ véÃúø™x, ÅD äÍé Player
Å®·ûË, hat-trick Åçö«ç.
b) The movie is superb=
Ç *vûªç î√™« íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC.
c) Tendulkar's was a superb century
Century
ÅûªúÕ Åü¿’s¥ûªç.
2) A runaway success
ûªyJ-ûª-¢Á’i† Nïߪ’ç
a) The movie was a runaway success.
Ç *vûªç Núø’-ü¿-™„j† ¢ÁçôØË Nïߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’içC.
b) Missamma was a runaway success.
N’Ææq´’t ÅA ûªy®Ωí¬ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’içC
Ü£œ«ç-îªE KA™.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
c) No one has the formula to make a movie a
runaway success -
ã *vû√Eo ņ÷-£æ«u-K-A™ ÅA ûªy®Ωí¬ Nï-ߪ’-
´çûªç îËߪ’-í∫© Ææ÷vû√©’ á´-J-´ü∆l ™‰´¤.
Formula Ææ÷vûªç. Flop, Runaway success èπ◊
´uA-Í®éπç.
3) Story line
éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆†ç – ã *vûªç éπü∑¿†’ ü¿®Ωz-èπ◊úø’
îª÷°œçîË B®Ω’. DEÍé ÉçéÓ-´÷ô Plot
a) His movies have the same basic story but
the story line differs
ÅûªúÕ *vû√© ´‚©-éπü∑¿ äéπõ‰, é¬F éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆-
†¢Ë’ ûËú≈
b) The movie failed because of its weak story
line
éπü∑¿™/ éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆-†ç™ °æô’d™‰éπ-§Ú-´-úøç -´-™‰x
ÅC N°∂æ-©-¢Á’içC.
c) Weak story line is the cause of most
8) Cast opposite: äéπ †öÀ (≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ heroine) Sunitha: ؈C á°æ¤púÓ îª÷¨»†’. §Ú®·† ØÁ©
failures
î√™« *vû√©’ °æô’-d™‰E éπü∑¿ ´©x üÁ•s-Aç-ô’-
Ø√o®·.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 106
He made his debut in..
d) The movie flopped/ flopped at the box
office/ The movie was a flop, because of its
thin story line
ü∆E •©-£‘«† éπü∑¿/ éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆†ç ´©x Ç *vûªç
üÁ•s-AçC. Thin èπ◊ Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç weak ÅE.
ü∆E ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç– Ææ†oE/ °æ©aE.
o ´’†ç role ÅE-í¬F part ÅE-í¬F ņ-´îª’a.
played the character/ role/ part of
Karna in the drama
Ç Ø√ô-éπç™ NTR éπ®Ω’gúÕ §ƒvûª ¢Ë¨»úø’/ †öÀç-î√úø’.
b) One of the main characters in the movie is
Lord Venkateshwara played by Suman
Ç *vûªç™ ´·êu-¢Á’i† §ƒvûª™x äéπöÀ Suman
†öÀç*† ¢Ëçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-≤ƒyN’ §ƒvûª.
c) He played his part well
ÅûªúÕ §ƒvûª†’ Åûªúø’ ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’.
hero and the heroine)
a) NTR and Anjali Devi are the lead pair in
Lavakusa
©´-èπ◊¨¡ *vûªç™ ¢√Rx-ü¿l-JD ´·êu-¢Á’i† ïçô
(Hero, heroine).
b) The lead pair in the movie is Rajanikanth
and Jyothika
®Ωï-F-é¬çû˝, ñuAéπ Ç *vûªç™ v°æüµ∆† §ƒvûª-
üµ∆-®Ω’©’, ïçôí¬.
c) They have proved a hit pair
Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† ïçô.
6) Hit pair
*vû√-EéÀ Nïߪ’ç îËèπÿÍ®a/ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†/
vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊© ÅGµ-´÷†ç §ÒçC† ïçô (´÷´‚-©’í¬
hero, heroine §ƒvûª™ x)
a) They make a hit pair
¢√Rx-ü¿l-JD Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† ïçô. Åçõ‰ ¢√∞¡Ÿx
†öÀç-*† *vû√-©Fo hits ÅE.
7) Teaming up
ïûª éπ©-´ôç, ïçôí¬ †öÀç-îªúøç– ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬
hero, heroine.
a) They are teaming up again in the next
movie
®√†’†o *vûªç™ ´’Sx ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Ω’ éπLÆœ †öÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
b) They have teamed up again
´’Sx ¢√∞Ïx éπLÆœ †öÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Team up: äéπ movie N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈,
à °æE îËߪ’-ö«-E-ÈéjØ√ éÌçûª-´’çC éπLÊÆh, They
team up.
The three boys teamed up to decorate the
room
Ç í∫CE Å©ç-éπ-Jç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´·í∫’_®Ω’ äéπ ïô’dí¬ b) Vinitha: Hi Sunitha, E†o ؈’ TV™ 'àN’öÃ
à®Ωp-ú≈f®Ω’.
äéπ †ô’úÕ (hero) Ææ®Ω-Ææ† †öÀÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ they are
cast opposite each other Åçö«ç.
a) Vikram is cast opposite Sada/ Sada is cast
opposite Vikram/ Vikram and Sada are
cast opposite each other in Aparichitudu
Å°æ-J-*-ûª’-úÕ™ Vikram, Ææü∆ Ææ®Ω-Ææ†/ Ææü∆, Vinitha: É°æ
Nvéπ¢˛’ Ææ®Ω-Ææ† / Nvéπ¢˛’, Ææü∆ äéπJ Ææ®Ω-Ææ† äéπ®Ω’
†öÀç-î√®Ω’.
b) Surya and Asin are
cast opposite each
other
¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπJ Ææ®Ω-Ææ† äéπ®Ω’
†öÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
9) Debut: ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿-öÀ-
≤ƒ-Jí¬ ÆæGµ-èπ◊© ´·çü¿’
Ø√ôuç îËߪ’úøç/ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ- M. SURESAN
≤ƒ-Jí¬ *vû√™x †öÀç-
îªôç/ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒ-Jí¬ ®Ωçí∫-v°æ-¢Ë¨¡ç (¨»Æ‘Yߪ’ †%ûªu
Ææçv°æü∆-ߪ’ç™ DEo Ç®Ωç-Íívôç Åçö«ç)
Debut- pronunciation - úÁß˝’•÷u – úÁ ØÌéÀ\
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒ-Jí¬ ®Ωçí∫-v°æ-¢Ë¨¡ç îËߪ’ôç
Make a debut/ Have a debut.
a) She made her debut in this movie.
-É-C Ç¢Á’ ûÌL-*vûªç. Ñ *vûªç™ Ç¢Á’ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-
≤ƒ-Jí¬ †öÀç-*çC.
b) His debut wasn't very successful
ÅûªúÕ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †ô† Åçûª Nï-ߪ’-´çûªç 鬙‰ü¿’.

Debut ´·êuçí¬ Ø√ôuç, Ø√ôéπç ™«çöÀ éπ∞¡©
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ØË áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ N’í∫û√
®Ωçí¬-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.

He made his debut in politics in 1999
1999 ™ Çߪ’† ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-®Ωçí∫ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç î˨»®Ω’.
Now Practise the following in English:
a) Yasvanth: Hi Srikanth, F favourite hero,
heroine © ïçô Ñ≤ƒJ Åçûª Nï-
ߪ’-´çûªç 鬙‰üËç?
Srikanth: Ç éπü∑¿™  °æô ’d-™‰ü¿’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¶«í¬ØË
†öÀç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆?
Yasvanth: †’´¤y ¢√∞¡x ÅGµ-´÷-EN éπü∆. Åçûª-éπçõ‰
à´’ç-ö«´¤?
Srikanth: †’¢Ëy- ¢Á ’iØ√ îÁ°æ¤p, ¢√-R}-ü¿l®Ω’ éπ-LÆœ
†öÀç-î√®Ω’ 鬕öÀd Ç ´÷vûª-¢Á’iØ√ ÖçC Ç
*vûªç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ °æ‹Jhí¬ üÁ•s-A-ØËüË.
Yasvanth: ¢√∞¡x †ô† ´™‰x *vûªç üÁ•s-Aç-ü¿-E
-Åç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Srikanth: ØËØÌ-°æ¤p-éÓ†’. ¢√-∞¡x-C Nï-ߪ ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á ’i†
ïçô. ¢√∞¡x í∫ûª *vûªç ņ÷-£æ«u-¢Á’i†
Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµç-*çCéπü∆? Ç hero ®Ωçí∫-v°æ-
¢Ë¨¡ç îËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀ-†’ç* flop ÅØËC ™‰ü¿’
éπü∆?
-í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 2 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
Yasvanth: ÉC Çߪ’† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ flop à¢Á÷? Åûª-úÕ-éÀ
-É*a† §ƒvûªèπ◊ Åûªúø’ suit Å´-úøE Ø√
ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç.
Srikanth: Çߪ’† à §ƒvûª-ÈéjØ√ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√úø’, à
§ƒvûª®·Ø√ Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ îËߪ’-í∫-©úø’.
N*vûªç— îª÷¨»†’. áçûª ¶«í∫’çüÓ!
ņ’-èπ◊çö«, ¢Ájñ«-í˚™.
Vinitha: î√™« ¶«í∫’çC éπü∆. Åçü¿’™ hero,
heroine © Ê°Í®xçöÀ? ¢√Rx-ü¿l-Jéà ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
*vûªç ņ’-èπ◊çö«.
Sunitha: Å´¤†’. ¢√∞¡x ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Å´-é¬-¨¡ç-™ ØË ´’ç*
v°æA¶µº éπ†-•-®Ω-î√®Ω’.
¤púø’ ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Ω÷ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ *vû√™x
´·êu ïçôí¬ -†-öÀÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
Sunitha: ´·êuçí¬ Ç heroine ´’ç* †öÀí¬
í∫’Jhç°æ¤ ûÁa-èπ◊çC.
Answers:
a) Yasvanth: Your favourite lead pair has not
been very successful this time,
has it?
Srikanth: The movie has a weak story line.
They have acted well.
Yasvanth: You are their fan. What else can you
say?
Srikanth: Whatever you say- the movie is
atleast that good because they have
acted in it. Otherwise it would have
been an utter flop.
(utter =
°æ‹Jh)
Yasvanth: The movie is a flop because of their
action. That's what people say.
Srikanth: I don't agree. They are a hit pair.
Their last movie was a runaway suc-
cess. The hero hasn't had a failure
since his debut.
Yasvanth: This might be his first flop. I feel that
he doesn't suit the role/ the charac-
ter.
Srikanth: He suits any role. He can do any
role with ease.
b) Vinitha: Hi Sunitha, yesterday I watched the
movie, 'Emitivichitram' on the TV.
What a movie it is! / How good it is!
Sunitha: I saw it long ago. I think it was last
month, in Vizag.
Vinitha: Isn't it good? What are the names of
the lead pair, I think they made their
debut in the movie.
Sunitha: Yes. Even in their debut they dis-
played their talent.
(Display = v°æü¿-Jzç-îªôç)
Vinitha: They are acting as the lead pair in two
or three movies.
Sunitha: The heroine especially has won
recognition as a good actor/actress.
iII
Hemanth: Hi Vasanth, I didn't see you the
whole of yesterday. What was
wrong? v°æ-A Ææç-´-ûªq®Ωç é¬-K-héπ-´÷Ææç-™ -D-§ƒ-´-S -ï®Ω’°æ¤èπ◊ç-ö«ç.
àçöÀ E†oçû√ †’´¤y éπ†°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’. àçöÀ Festival†’ enjoy èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç – We enjoy a fes-
N≠æߪ’ç? tival.
Vasanth: The Deepavali effect you know. We
enjoyed the festival the day before
Yesterday. We were so tired yester-
day. We were resting almost the
whole of yesterday.Fortunately yes-
terday was a Sunday.
Éü¿çû√ D§ƒ-´R v°æ¶µ«´ç. ¢Á·†oçû√
°æç-úøí∫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÌ-ØË-Ææ-JéÀ E†oçû√ ÅL-Æœ-
§Úߪ÷ç. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ E†oçû√ °æúø’-èπ◊ØË
ÖØ√oç. Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª÷h E†o ÇC-¢√®Ωç.
Hemanth: So you celebrated it with all enthusi-
asm. We did too, but we were off the
fireworks by about 10. We were in
bed by 10.30pm
Åçûª Öû√q-£æ«çí¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊-Ø√o-®Ω-†o-´÷ô.
¢Ë’´‚ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊Ø√oç. é¬F ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’
鬩aúøç 10 í∫çô-©Íé ÇÊ°¨»ç. 10.30 éπ-™«x
°æúø’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
Enthusiasm - ÉØ˛ü∑¿÷uÆœ-ߪ÷ï¢˛’.
ü∑¿÷u ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
*´®Ω 'ï— size ™ z™«í¬, = Öû√q£æ«ç.
fireworks = ¶«-ùÆæçî√/ ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’
Vasanth: We were enjoying the fireworks till
almost eleven. Dad was liberal this
time. We let off Rs. 800/-work of
crackers sparklers this time.
11 ´®Ωèπÿ 鬩’-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√oç. ´÷ Ø√†o
Ñ≤ƒJ úø•’s©’ ¶«í¬ØË Éî√a®Ω’. 800 ®Ω÷§ƒ-
ߪ’© ¶«ù-Ææçî√ 鬙«aç
worth - ´û˝ (bird ™«í¬)= -N-©’´ Ö†o.
crackers = vé¬éπñ ¸
= Ê°™‰ ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’, sparklers = ≤ƒpéπxñ ¸ =
¢ÁL-ÍíN (´’û√-•’©’, é¬éπ®Ω °æ¤¢Ìy-ûª’h©’ etc) let
off = ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ 鬩aôç = Let off fire
works)
Hemanth: So it was a grand affair after all.
Some how I feel spending so much
on fire works is a waste
¢Á·ûªhç-O’ü¿ î√™« Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’
.affair, Å°∂–°∂ ØÌèπ◊\û√ç = N≠æߪ’ç.
Vasanth: It's just once a year. A few hundred
rupees shouldn't matter much.
Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ äéπ-≤ƒJ éπü∆. ã È®çúø’
´‚úÌç-ü¿©’ Åçûª Ææ´’Ææu èπÿú≈ é¬üË)
Hemanth: Opinions differ. Well what about
the other things?
á´J ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©’ ¢√∞¡xN. N’í∫û√ N≠æ-
ߪ÷© Ææçí∫A àçöÃ?
Opinion- ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç.
differ - ¶µ‰C-≤ƒh®·.
Vasanth: Well, we all had new clothes. Told
you, dad was quite liberal this time.
He was in a mood to celebrate. He let
us buy whatever clothes we liked,
and sister had the greatest luck. She
had a pair of ear rings.
Åçü¿®Ωç éÌûªh •ôd©’ é̆’-èπ◊\Ø√oç. îÁ§ƒp-
†’í¬ ´÷Ø√†o î√™« Öü∆-®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’. -
êuç -à-N’-öÀ?)
¢Ë’ç -É-≠d°æ æ-úÕ-† -•-ôd-©-Fo -BÆæ’éÌ-î√a®Ω’. °æçúøí∫
mood ™ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Åçü¿-J-éπçõ‰ ´÷ îÁLxSampath: It's an important festival for us in
Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-®√©’. éπ´’t© ïûª ´*açC
ûª†èπ◊.
Hemanth: We had new clothes too and of
course the feast too. Mom prepared
wonderful dishes and delicious
sweets. Occasion = ÅÍé-ß˝’-ïØ˛–Íé ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©é¬-L.
¢Ë’´‚ éÌûªh •ôd©’ ûÁa-èπ◊Ø√oç. °æçúøí∫
¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ ´÷ Å´’t ´’ç* ´çô-鬩’, Charlie: How do you celebrate it?
®Ω’*-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Æ‘y-ö¸q èπÿú≈ îËÆœçC.
Feast °æçúøí∫ ¶µï†ç/ Nçü¿’. Sampath: We offer worship to Lord Sri Rama
dishes = úÕ≠œñ ¸ (ñ¸–size ™- z ™«)
Vasanth: That's good.
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù °æçúøí∫ í∫’-Jç-* éπü∆. °æç-úø-í∫© Ææçü¿-
®Ωs¥çí¬ ¢√úË expressions éÌEo ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç
Ñ≤ƒJ.
Festival = °æçúøí∫, °æçúøí∫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´ôç = celebrate
a festival.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 4 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
We celebrate Deepavali every year in the
month of Kartheekam.
-
Charlie (over phone from the US): Hello
Sampath, this is Charlie from the states. How
are you?
( ,
£æ«-™ Ææç-°æ-û˝ ؈’ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* îµ√M ´÷-ö«x-
úø’-ûª’Ø√o. -á-™« -Ö-Ø√o-´¤?)
Sampath: Fine, Charlie, thank you, how are Lord Rama.
Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç °æç-úøí∫ ÇC¢√ç Å´¤-ûª’çC/ÇC-¢√®Ωç
you? °æ‹ï îËÆœ X®√-´·úÕo éÌ©’≤ƒhç. É∞¡x™x, ®ÓV†.
(
-¶«í∫’-Ø√o-†’ -îµ√-M.- -üµ¿-†u-¢√-ü∆-©’. -F-´¤ -á-™« -Ö-Ø√o-´¤? ) í∫’∞¡x™x, Oüµ¿’-©-èπÿ-úø-∞¡x™x èπÿú≈. -v°æ-ûËuéπ -´ç- b) Last year it fell on a Wednesday
Charlie: Same here, thank you. Can we have a ôé¬-©-ûÓ -¶µ-ï-†ç -îË≤ƒhç.´-úø°æ°æ¤p, -§ƒ-†éπç í∫ûª àú≈C ÅC •’üµ¿-¢√®Ωç ´*açC.
chat over the net ? Matter of 20 to 30 -X®√-´·-úÕéÀ -ØÁj-¢Ë-ü¿uç °--úø-û√ç. Now Practise the following:
minutes Pandal = °æçCJ
a)
( Éç-ô®˝-ØÁ-ö¸™ ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç- putup = à®√pô’ îËߪ’-ôç/-E-Jtç-îªôç Sunil:
áéπ\-úÕoç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤, ÅE™¸?
20, 30 as well = èπÿú≈
ü∆´÷? EN’-≥ƒ©’ °æôd-´îª’a.) Anil:
X®√-´’-†-´N’ °æçCJ †’ç*. Åéπ\úø üË´¤úÕ
Sampath: Sorry, Charlie. It is morning here you (Green gram = °Ææ©’/°Ææ-®Ω-°æ°æ¤p (´úø-°æ°æ¤p)
jaggery = ¶„©xç
Å©éπ®Ω-ù î√© ¶«í∫’çC.
know. I am very busy celebrating Sri Sunil: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ èπÿú≈ ¢ÁR} îª÷úøØ√?
Ramanavami. offering = ØÁj¢Ëü¿uç
Anil: Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ àç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤?
( ≤ƒ-K..X®√-´’-†-´N’ ÂÆ-©-v¶‰-ö¸ - feast = Nçü¿’ / °æç-úøí∫ ¶µï†ç Sunil: Éçöx °æ‹ï É°æ¤úË Å®·çC. é¬Ææh ´úø-°æ°æ¤p,
Charlie: Well, have a happy time, then call you
later.
§ƒ†éπç BÆæ’\ç-ü¿’´¤ ®√.
Anil: ÆæÍ®. Ç ûª®√yûª †’´¤y °æçCJ †’ç* ÉçöÀ-
(Å®·ûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ í∫úø’°æ¤.´’Sx -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îË≤ƒh.)
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√ °æçúøí∫© í∫’-Jç-îË -éπü∆. DEéÀ Ææç•ç- Sunil: Èé-ã∞ÏÍéx°.æ¤úø’ ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ®√.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 107
Cµç-*† éÌEo expressions í∫’-Jç-* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
°æçúøí∫ = festival b)
Have a happy time...
Deepavali, Vinayaka
îËÆæ’èπ◊çô÷ ؈’ î√™« -G-@í¬ ÖØ√o Prem: àçöÀ? F îÁ®·u-Íé-´’-®·çC?
Chavithi, Ramzon,
É°æ¤p-úÕ-éπ\úø Öü¿ßª’ç.) Syam: E†o ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ Ê°™‰a-ô-°æ¤úø’ äéπöÀ Ø√ îËA-
Charlie: What's Sri Ramanavami, sampy? Christmas - É´Fo festi-
vals.
™ØË Ê°LçC. ü∆E ´Ah î√© §ÒöÀdí¬ ÖçC.
What's its significance? Prem: îË®· ¶«í¬ é¬Lçü∆?
(-X®√-´’-†-´-N’ -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? -ü∆-E -v§ƒ--´·- °æçúøí∫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´ôç = cele- Syam: Å®Ω-îË®·, È®çúø’ ¢Ë∞¡Ÿx -¶«í¬ é¬-™«®·. -ú≈éπd®˝
brate a festival.
We enjoy a festival=´’†ç
ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé∞Ïh éπô’d éπö«dúø’.
°æç-úø-í∫†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤- M. SURESAN Prem: ¶«í¬ ¶«üµ¿í¬ Öçü∆?
Syam: Åç-ûªí¬ ™‰ü¿’.
èπ◊çö«ç. Prem: èπ◊úÕ îË®· éπü∆. °æçúøí∫ Nçü¿’ à™« AØ√o´¤?
¶«-ù-Ææçî√=fireworks. Syam: Ç ¶«üµ¿™  Å´-Fo ´’Ja-§Úߪ÷.ÉçöÀ-éÌ-îËa-ÆæJéÀ
Ê°™‰ ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ = crackers; ®√vA 12 Å®·çC.
¢ÁLÍí ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’= sparklers Answers:
In a mood to celebrate = in a celebration mood
a)
= ¢Ëúø’-éπí¬ -ï-JÊ° ´’†-ÆœnA. Sunil: Where are you coming from Anil?
Pakistan was in a mood to celebrate =
Anil: From the Sri Ramanavami pandal. The
Pakistan was in a celebration mood
decorations are really beautiful.
§ƒéÀ-≤ƒhØ˛ ¢Ëúø’-éπ (¢√∞¡x Nï-ߪ÷Eo) ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊ØË Sunil: Shall I go and see too.
mood ™ ÖçC. Anil: What have you been doing so far?
❏ Let's not stop him. He is in a celebration
Sunil: We have just finished the puja at home,
mood
come in and have some vadapappu and
-Å-ûª-úø’ Ææç•-®Ωç™ ÖØ√oúø’. ¢√úÕE ǧÒü¿’l. panakam.
Sparklers, crackers Let off fireworks
Ê°©aôç = Anil: Ok. On your way back from the pandal
-ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’© ´Ah = fuse
come to my home.
( Light the fuse = ´Ah ¢ÁL-Tç-îªôç) Sunil: Ok
Ê°©ôç = explode / blow/ go of =
b)
(with a loud sound/noise)
Prem: Hi Syam, What is wrong with your
Explode
°ü¿l-°ü¿l Ê°©’-∞¡xèπ◊ ¢√-úøû√ç.
hand?
Ê°©’∞¡ blow =
x ´©x ÅßË’u üµ¿yçÆæç.
Syam: While letting off crackers yesterday,
ô§ƒ- 'go off' =
é¬-ߪ’-©èπ◊ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. one of them went off in my hand. It had
India. We celebrate the birth of lord Feast =
Nçü¿’ (≤ƒ´‚-£œ«-éπçí¬) °æç-úøí∫ Nçü¿’
a short fuse.
SriRama on the occasion. ´çô-鬩’/ §ƒvûª©’ Dishes =
Prem: Are the burns very bad? (burns = é¬L†
(ÉçúÕ-ߪ÷™ ÉC î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† Chat over the net =
ØÁ-ö¸ Ææ綵«-≠æù
significance =
í¬ßª÷©’)
°æçúøí∫. X®√-´·úÕ °æ¤öÀd† ®ÓV†’ v§ƒ´·êuç = ÆœTo-°∂œ-ÈéØ˛q Syam: The palm and two fingures. Doctor
Significance of a festival =
°æç-úøí∫ v§ƒ´·êuç.
°æçúøí∫í¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊çö«ç) bandaged / dressed the injuries.
°æ ç úø í ∫ Ææ ç •- ® √©’ = festivities
Prem: Is it paining a lot?
-ï, vision ™ ïØ˛-™«í∫ = Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç. a) The festivities of Dasara last for 9 days
Syam: Not so bad now.
ü¿Ææ®√ Ææç•-®√©’ 9 ®ÓV©’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·. Prem: It's your right hand. How could you eat?
b) The Festivities are keeping us busy
ᙫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-û√®Ω’? Syam: I forgot all that in the pain by the time I
°æçúøí∫ ¢Ëúø’-éπ-©’ -´’-†-Lo -G-@í¬ -Öç--û√®·. came back home it was 12 midnight.
by performing Pooja. We do it at °æçúøí∫ Öû√q£æ«ç = The enthusiasm for a fes-
home and in temples too. We do it tival
special pandals put up at street cor- ❏ We celebrated Deepavali with enthusiasm ≤Úpéπ-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -
ners as well.Then we eat a good
îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.- URL:
¢Ë’ç D§ƒ-´R Öû√q-£æ«çûÓ í∫úø’-°æ¤-èπ◊Ø√oç.
feast too with special dishes. ❏ °æçúøí∫ äéπ ®ÓV-®√-´úøç
Greengram soaked in water and The festival is / falls on a day. http://www.eenadu.net/
jaggery water are the offerings to a) This year the festival falls on a Sunday/ is on
a Sunday. spoken/spoken.htm
iII
Navya: Hi Sreya, any idea when we are starting
for the picnic spot tomorrow?
(Í®°æ¤ ´’† Picnic îÓô’-Èé-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™
à´’Ø√o idea Öçü∆?)
Spot = îÓô’
Sreya: None, dear. Divya must be able to tell
us. She is making the arrangements.
(ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. C´u ´’†èπ◊ îÁ°æp-í∫-©ü¿’. ûªØË
à®√pô’x îË≤ÚhçC éπü∆)
Navya: I called her home. Her mom told me
she was out. Must be busy with
arrangements.
(¢√∞¡x ÉçöÀéÀ Phone î˨»†’. •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rxç-ü¿E
¢√∞¡x´’t îÁ°œpçC. ¶«í¬ busyí¬ Öçúø’ç-ú≈L
´’J)
Sreya: Let's ring up Kavya. Divya is taking
kavya's help. So Kavya should be
knowing about Divya. She should be
able to tell us where Divya is. (´’†ç
Phone
鬴uèπ◊ îËü∆lç. C´u, 鬴u Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç
BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öçC. 鬕öÀd C´u í∫’Jç* 鬴uèπ◊
ûÁLÆæ’ç-úÌa. C´u í∫’Jç* é¬-¢Ëu îÁ°æp-í∫-©-
í¬L.)
Navya: Kavya should know at least the time of
starting.
(Start ÅßË’u time Å®·Ø√ 鬴uèπ◊ ûÁL-Ææ’ç-
ú≈L)
Sreya: That's right. Let's ring her up.
Phone
(éπÈ®Íéd îËü∆lç Öçúø’)
Navya: Let's wait. They will call us and tell us.
We must be there for the picnic after
all.
(é¬Ææh Çí∫’ü∆ç. ¢√∞Ïx ´’†èπ◊ Phone îËÆœ
îÁ§ƒh®Ω’. picnic ïJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç Öçú≈L
éπü∆.)
Sreya: OK. I must be going. Bye.
(ØË ¢Á∞«xL ´’J. Bye)
Navya: Bye
í∫ûª éÌEo lessons ™ must, should Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-
ßÁ÷-í¬©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆. ¢√öÀE ã≤ƒJ Ææçví∫-
£æ«çí¬ í∫´’-Eü∆lç.
Must, have to/ has to, should-
1) Ñ ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úø’-éπ™ î√™« ü¿í∫_-
®Ωí¬ Öçö«®·.
2) ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ commands (Çïc©’), duty
(NCµ), necessity (Å´-Ææ®Ωç), Obligation †’
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. warnings (£«îªa-Jéπ)©†’ èπÿú≈
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.
3) Must, should ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o,
ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç.
Bhavan: Hi Sravan, When are you leaving for
Kashmir?
(F¢Á-°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt-®Ω’èπ◊ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)
Sravan: The coming Friday.
(´îËa ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç)
Bhavan: That's just two days off. You must be
busy making arrangements because
you are going to be there for a few
weeks. Kashmir must be quite cold
now. Carry enough warm clothing.
Pavan is also joining you, isn't he?
(Éçéπ È®çúø’-®Ó-V™‰. à®√pôxûÓ î√™« busy
í¬ Öçúø’ç-ö«´¤ éπ*a-ûªçí¬; éÌEo ¢√®√-©’ç-úø-
¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. é¬Qt®Ω’ ¶«í¬ îªLí¬ Öçú≈-L-
°æ¤púø’. Pavan èπÿú≈ FûÓ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’
éπü∆?)
(Carry enough warm clothing = î√L-
†Eo ¢ÁîªaöÀ •ôd©’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿx.)
Sravan: Yes, He should be on the way because Meghana: Yes, I ought to be careful how I talk
he has to be here this evening.
(Å´¤†’. Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√Eéπ™«x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L
鬕öÀd Åûªúø’ ü∆J™ Öçúø’ç-ú≈L.)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Must be, should be ûÓ
Expressions í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Maithri: We ought to remember who we talk
1) You must be busy = †’´¤y busyí¬ Öçú≈L.
(Bhavan éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç)
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
2) Kashmir must be quite cold now
É°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt®˝ ¶«í¬ îªLí¬ Öçú≈L. (ÉC èπÿú≈
Bhavan éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç)
3) He should be on the way
-Å-ûªúø’ ü∆J™ Öçú≈L. (ÉC éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË
N≠æߪ’ç.)
É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x must, should ¢√úøû√ç. Ñ
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x have to/ has to ¢√úøç.
É°æ¤púø’ Ñ lesson ™E ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ dialogue
´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îª÷úøçúÕ. Åçü¿’™ must ûÓ, should ûÓ
Ö†o expressions.
1) Divya must be able to tell us.
2) Must be busy with arrangements.
3) Should be knowing.
4) Should be able to tell us.
OöÀ™x (1), (2) ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·.
(3), (4) äéπ®Ω’çúË °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’™x ¢√∞¡x †’ç* ´’†ç
ÇPçîË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®· éπü∆. ÉD
must èπ◊,should èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 108
We ought toers
respect eld-
a) Bharat: Why did India lose the match?
(India áçü¿’èπ◊ ãúÕ-§Ú-®·çC?)
Lakshman: Ask Dravid about it. He is the cap-
tain. He must know.
(Ç N≠æߪ’ç vü∆N-ú˛†’ Åúø’í∫’. Çߪ’†
captain éπü∆. Çߪ’-†Íé ûÁL-ߪ÷L.)
Åçõ‰ Dravid, captain 鬕öÀd, ãôN’éÀ 鬮Ωù«©’
Çߪ’-†’oç* ÇPç-îªúøç
Kumar: How is the financial position of India?
(¶µ«®Ωû˝ financial position = ÇJnéπ °æJ-ÆœnA
ᙫ Öçü¿ç-ö«´¤?)
Saradhi: How do I know? The finance minister
should be able to tell you.
(Ø√Íéç ûÁ©’Ææ’. -Fèπ◊ Ç N≠æߪ’ç Finance
MinisterîÁ°æp-í∫-©-úø’)
É™«çöÀ uses have to/ has to èπ◊ ™‰´¤.
Maithri: Hi Meghana, what brings you here?
(àçöÀ-™«-´-î√a´¤?)
Meghana: I need your help. (F ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√L.)
Maithri: Regarding? (üËE N≠æߪ’ç)
Meghana: I wasn't very polite to our lecturer
yesterday. I am sure my words hurt
him
(E†o ´’† lecturer °æôx ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ v°æ´-
Jhç-îª-™‰ü¿’. Ø√ ´÷ô©’ Çߪ’Eo éπ*a-
ûªçí¬ í¬ßª’-°æ-J-î√-ߪ’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
hurt = í¬ßª’-°æ-®Ω-îªôç.
Maithri: Meghana, not the first time for you
to be rude to elders.
(°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x-°æôx Å´’-®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçúøôç
FéÀüËç ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆.)
You ought to know manners. (Fèπ◊
manners ûÁL-ߪ÷L/ †’´¤y manners
ï•’sûÓ Ö†o ´÷ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ûªy®Ωí¬
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.) AJT ®√¢√L. (Ø√ ØÁjAéπ NCµ/ ¶«üµ¿uûª)
to elders. I ought to respect elders.
ÉC ought to èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç, ´’Sx
îª ÷úøçúÕ.
(Å´¤†’. °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’
؈’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’ íı®Ω- a) °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’ íı®Ω-Nç-î√L
You ought to respect elders.
Nç-î√L.)
b) Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-©†’ ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷-AûÓ îª÷ú≈L.
to when we talk to elders. So what You ought to sympathize with innocent peo-
do you want me to do now? ple.)
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 6 -°∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
(°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ á´-JûÓ (Sympathy = Æœç°æA. 'Æœç— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç =
´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. Sympathize with =
≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A. Æœç°æ-ûÁjñ ¸– ñ¸
Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ †ØËoç-îË-ߪ’-´’ç-ö«´¤?) size ™ ™«í∫. ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A îª÷°æôç. innocent
Z
Meghana: I want to apologize to him. Won't you =
Ɇ-Ææçö¸– É ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-™„j†).
come with me?
c) You ought not to talk to your father like that
(ØËØ√-ߪ’-†èπ◊ éπ~´÷-°æù îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’- O’ Ø√†oûÓ Å™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ †’´¤y (ÆæÈ®j†
Ø√o†’. †’´¤y Ø√ûÓ ®√¢√? v°æ´-®Ωh† é¬ü¿’)
Apologize = ŧÒ-©-ñ„jñ ¸– §Ò ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN
*´®Ω 'ñ¸— size ™ Z ™«í∫ – Å®Ωnç– éπ~´÷-°æù ENGLISH:
éÓ®Ωôç Apology = ŧÚ-©> = éπ~´÷-°æù)
Prabha: Hi Subha, file no. 10
áéπ\-úø’çC?
Maithri: Let's hurry then. I ought to be back
soon. None to attend on my sick Subha:
¨Ïê-®Ωo-úø’í∫’. Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁL-ߪ÷L. E†o
≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÅC Çߪ’† table O’ü¿ ÖçC.
mother.
Prabha: ¨Ïê®˝ áéπ\úø?
(ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«lç °æü¿. ؈’ ´’Sx ¢ÁçôØË
¢Á†éÀ\ ®√¢√L, ´÷ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-
ü¿’èπ◊– Ç¢Á’ äçöx ¶«í¬ ™‰ü¿’.)
Subha: 5
Åéπ
EN’-≥ƒ© véÀûªç Manager í∫C-™éÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’.
\úË Öçú≈L ´’J.
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ought to Prabha:
ü∆ØÓx §Ú®·-†-¢√®Ωç Å´’t-鬩 N´-®√©’Ø√o®·
¢√ú≈ç-éπü∆. Ought to éπü∆?
ÅØ√o èπÿú≈, must, Subha: Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ÷L ÅC. Å´’t-鬩 N≠æ-ߪ÷©’
should ™«í¬ØË, Öçú≈L,
îª÷ÊÆC †’¢Ëy éπü∆?
îËߪ÷L ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´≤ÚhçC
éπü∆. Å®·ûË éÌçûª ûËú≈– Prabha: àçöÀ Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖØ√o´¤?
î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ûËú≈ Subha: Office °æF, ÉçöÀ °æF ¶«í¬ Å©-Ææô éπL-T-Ææ’h-
ÖçC. ´·çü¿’ Å®Ωnç M. SURESAN Ø√o®·.
îª÷ü∆lç– Prabha: î√™« Weak í¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. ¢ÁçôØË
a) ought to be ('be' form) = Öçú≈L doctor E îª÷ú≈L †’´¤y. F Ç®Óí∫uç
b) ought to go, ought to respect, ought to N≠æߪ’ç™ ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L éπü∆? O’
know- ought to + 1st RDW- action word= Çߪ’† ÉçöÀ °æE™ éÌçûª ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ÷L
¢Á∞«xL, íı®Ω-Nç-î√L, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, etc. éπü∆?
Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ must, should, have to/ has to ©èπ◊ Subha: Çߪ’-†èπ◊ office °æØË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.
ought to Ææ´÷-†¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ought to ņo-°æ¤púø’ Prabha: Doctor ü¿í∫_-®Ω-éπ-®·Ø√ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xL éπü∆?
Çïc©’, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Nüµ¿’©’, Å´-Ææ-®√-©-´©x é¬èπ◊çú≈ Subha: É¢√∞¡ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«h-†-Ø√o®Ω’.
´’†ç FA v°æ鬮Ωç Öçúø-´-©-Æœ† ÆœnA, îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ†
°æ†’©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. Åçõ‰ ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿u-ûª©’ (Moral ANSWER:
obligations). Prabha: Hi Subha, any idea where file no. 10
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ought to Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* îª÷úøçúÕ: is?/ Do you know where file no. 10 is?/
1) You ought to know manners Where is file no 10?
†’´¤y manners ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. Subha: Ask Sekhar about it. He should know /
must know. The file was on his table
(ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË ´’†-™„o-´®Ω÷ PéÀ~ç-Ω’– é¬F ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
last evening.
éÓ-´ôç ´’† ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿uûª.)
2) I ought to be careful how I talk to elders Prabha: Where is Sekhar?
Subha: He went to the manager's room 5 min-
°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
Öçú≈L. (v°æ´-®ΩhØ√ ¶«üµ¿uûª) utes ago. He must be there now.
3) We ought to remember who we are talking to Prabha: Why are you so weak?
á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. Subha: The work at office and at home is very
(v°æ´-®ΩhØ√ ¶«üµ¿uûª) tiring/ is tiring me.
4) I ought to be back early to attend on my sick Prabha: You look very weak/ run down. You
mother ought to see a doctor immediately. You
ought to take care of your health. Your
husband ought to help you in the work
at home.
Subha: His office work takes his whole time.
Prabha: He ought to take you atleast to the
doctor.
Subha: He said he would take me today.
iII
Dinakar: Where did you buy those fruits yes-
terday? They were quite fresh and
sweet.
(E†o Ç °æçúø’x áéπ\úø éÌØ√o´¤? î√™«
û√ñ«í¬ Bߪ’í¬ ÖØ√o®· ÅN)
Fresh - û√ñ«. (Opp: Stale/ rotten stale. E©y
Ö†o (´·êuçí¬ ´çúÕ-†N); rotten - ´·J-T-§Ú-
®·†, èπ◊Rx-§Ú-®·†. stale - ÂÆdß˝’™¸, rotten -
®√-ô-Ø˛ – Aô’d-°æü¿ç èπÿú≈. These rotten movies
(îÁûªh movies)/ rotten fellow ´’E-≠œE Aôdúøç,
NENE NÆœ-T-§Ú-®·† jokes - stale jokes.
Madhukar: Why are you asking? Do you need
fruits now?
(áçü¿’-éπ-úø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? É°æ¤púË´’Ø√o
°æçúø’x Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷ Fèπ◊?)
Dinakar: Yea. I need some to present to my
uncle. You bought them at Sarvam
Super Market, didn't you?
(Å´¤†’. ´÷ uncle èπ◊ °æçúø’x present
îËü∆l-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ÅN †’´¤y 'Ææ®Ωyç—
Super Market ™ éÌØ√o´¤ éπü∆?
Madhukar: No. That's very far off. You need
not go that far. If fruits are what you
need, there's a good fruit shop
nearby. I bought them there.
b) She doesn't need any body's help
Ç¢Á’Èé´J ≤ƒßª’ç Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’
X She needs every body's help
Ç¢Á’-éπç-ü¿J (v°æA-¢√J) ≤ƒßª’ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç (鬢√L)
c) Animals need oxygen
ïçûª’-´¤-©èπ◊ oxyzen Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
d) He doesn't (does not) need any more money
Åûª-E-éπç-ûª-éπçõ‰ úø•’s Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
e) Ç¢Á’Íéç Å´-Ææ®Ωç (àç 鬢√L?)
What does she need?
f) ¢√úÕéÀ Rs.100/- éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.
He doesnot need more than Rs. 100/-
Oô-Eo-öÀ™ verb, need/ needs éπü∆?
Ñ sentences ™ need Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬-EéÀ, °j con-
versation ™ç* BÆœ† sentences (3) and (4) ™
need ¢√úø-é¬-EéÀ ûËú≈ îª÷ü∆lç.
3) You need not go that far
Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\Í®xü¿’.
4) You need not spend so much
Åçûª ê®Ω ’ a °ôd - é π \ - Í ® x ü ¿ ’ .
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 109
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 8 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
a) She has to be there X She need not be there
Padma:
ûª† ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* ã ´·êu-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç
b) I must know it X You need not know it
Å´-Ææ®Ωç (鬢√L) Ø√èπ◊. îÁ°æ¤p, ûª†èπ◊ ؈’
(؈C ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L) X †’´¤y ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ Phone îËߪ÷-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC.
c) Have I to go? X You need not go
Kamala: †’´¤ y worry 鬆-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ûª† Phone
(¢Á ∞ «x ™ « X Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’)
number èπÿú≈ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’, Ç¢Á’ °æéπ\
[a) You must go - †’´¤y ¢Á∞«xL.
í∫ C - ™ ØË ÖçC. ¢ÁRx ´÷ö«xúø’.
b) You must not go - †’´¤y ¢Á∞¡x-èπÿ-úøü¿’
b) Krupakar: ¢√úÕ-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√L ´’J.
c) You need not go - ¢Á-∞¡}-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’
Dayakar: ¢√úø-Ææ©’ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\-Í®xü¿’
b) éÀ, c) éÀ ûËú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. ÅüË Nüµ¿çí¬ should èπÿ,
Krupakar: áçü¿’-éπE?
have to/ has to èπÿ èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC.]
Dayakar: ؈’ ¢√úÕo éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁ´’t-Ø√o†’. Ç
Need í∫’Jç* ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o points.
°æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-éπ\úø ÖØ√oß˝’. ÅN èπÿú≈
1) Need †’ independent í¬ äéπ\-öÀí¬ ¢√úÕûË é¬¢√L
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ´Ææ’hçC. É°æ¤púøçûª Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊.
Krupakar:
2) Need + 1 st RDW (´÷´‚-©’í¬ not ûÓ)– ÅN Ø√èπ◊ Å´-Ææ®Ωç. îª÷°œç. ¢√öÀ-E
Ç I RDW ûÓ îÁÊ°p-°æE îËߪ’-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωnç. ØË † ’ îª ÷ú≈L.
Dayakar: †’¢Ëyç îª÷úø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-C°æ¤púø’. Í®°æ¤ îª÷úø’.
ANSWERS:

You need not spend so much a) Padma: Hi Kamala, let me have Karuna's

Kamala: What about?

phone number. I must/ I need to
talk to her urgently.

Padma: You need not know it./ You don't need

Dinakar: How costly are they? Perhaps you
3) ™ verb need go -
bought them at Rs.70 a dozen. need + 1st regular
(¢√öÀ êKüÁçûª? dozen 70 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© doing word
v°æ鬮Ωç éÌØ√o¢Ë¢Á÷ éπü∆?) 4) ™ verb need spend -
Madhukar: No. You need not spend so much. need + 1st regular
They are quite cheap there. doing word
Need + 1st regular DW
M. SURESAN
(Åçûª °ôd-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. ÅN î√™«
éπ Ç shop ™) (´÷´‚©’í¬ notûÓØË
Dinakar: Will you show me the shop? ´Ææ’hçC)verb Å®·ûË, I RDW †’ •öÀd Å®Ωnç
(Need not go =
(Ç shop îª÷°œ-≤ƒh¢√?) Öçô’çC. ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\-Í®xü¿’)
Need not spend = ê®Ω’a °ôd-éπ\-Í®xü¿’
Madhukar: You don't need my help, old boy.
You need not be here
Walk along this way and turn right.
You find 'Sufala' fruit shop. That's it. (Ééπ\úø verb - need be - ÉC be form -
Öçúø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ (not ûÓ)
(Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Éô’--¢Áj°æ¤ ¢ÁR}
ÉC need èπ◊ È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç.
èπ◊úÕ°æéπ\èπ◊ A®Ω’í∫’. Ç shop éπ†-°æ-úø’-
ûª’çC) ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC – need †’ independent í¬ ¢√úÌa.
Dinakar: OK, bye È®çúÓC– need + 1st RDW (´÷´‚©’í¬ not ûÓ).
[ You need not go =
Madhukar: OK.
You don't need to go ņ-´îª’a.
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù™ Åçû√ need ûÓ Ö†o expres-
[ She need not sing =
sions áèπ◊\´ ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. Need Å®√n©÷,
She does not need to sing
¢√úøéπç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç Ñ lesson ™.
1. Do you need fruits now?
ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç:
Karuna: Must you go now?
2. I need some
3. You need not go that far.
(†’´¤y ¢Á∞«}™«? É°æ¤púø’?)
Aruna: I need not go. It's enough if I call
4. You need not spend so much
(؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Phone
5. You don't need my help
Karuna: You should go tomorrow at least
´’†çü¿Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. need Åçõ‰ Å´-Ææ®Ωç Å-E, (éπFÆæç ͮ°jØ√ ¢Á∞«xL †’´¤y)
鬢√L ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´îËa Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅE. Sumana: No, she need not go tomorrow either
1. Do you need fruits now?
(Í®°æ¤ èπÿú≈ ¢Á∞¡x-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’)
FéÀ°æ¤púø’ °æçúø’x Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷? (鬢√™«?)
Karuna: She has to be there at least the day
2. I need some after (tomorrow)
Ø√èπ◊ éÌEo Å´-Ææ®Ωç/ 鬢√L Sumana: No, I tell you, she need not be there
3. You don't need my help
on any day.
Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç Féπ-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’/ Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’
(á°æ¤púø÷ Åéπ\úø Öçúø-éπ\-Í®xü¿’)
°j Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©-Eoç-öÀ™ need Åçõ‰ Å´-Ææ®Ωç/ 鬢√L,
Ñ conversation ™ must/ should/ has to Ñ
Åçõ‰ 'Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’—èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬
´‚úÕç-öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç– àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷L/ Öçú≈L Å-E.
a) I need your help Need not be -Å-†o°æ¤p-úø’ opposite meaning
F ≤ƒßª’ç Ø√éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç (鬢√L) ´≤ÚhçCéπü∆ îËߪ’-†-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ. ÉC ´·êuç.
3) She need not go sentences need
™«çöÀ ™ to know it.
not go •ü¿’©’ – don't/ doesn't need to go
Kamala: Why do you need her number?
¢√úø-´îª’a.
Padma: I need some important information
4) Need + 1 st RDW (not ûÓ) must/ should/
from her. Tell me (her number). I need
have to/ has to èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç
to phone to her.
Need + infinitive (to + 1 st RDW) èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
Kamala: You needn't worry. You don't need her
a) You don't need to go now
phone number either, she is in the
É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«}-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç -™‰-ü¿’. next room. Go talk to her.
b) She needs to be there at least for an hour
b) Krupakar: He must start now, mustn't he?
éπFÆæç ã í∫çõ„jØ√ Ç¢Á’ Åéπ\úø Öçúøôç Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
Dayakar: He need not go.
c) I need to go home now
Krupakar: Why?
ØË-†’ ¢Á∞«x-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC.
Dayakar: I told him to get some books. They
NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN
are (available) here. I don't need
ENGLISH:
them even now either.
a) Padma: Hi Kamala, é¬Ææh Karuna Phone
Krupakar: I need them. Let me see them.
Number É≤ƒh¢√? ûª†ûÓ urgent í¬ I must see them.
´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC Ø√èπ◊. Dayakar: You need not see them now. See
Kamala: üËE í∫’Jç*? them tomorrow.
Padma: †’´¤y ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’™‰
ņ-´îª’a. Kamala: FÈéç-ü¿’éπ´-Ææ®Ωç ûª† number?
-v°æ-¨¡o: É¢Ë OöÀéÀ Ö†o Å®√n-©Fo.
Rama could have done that work 1) ®√´·úø’ Ç °æEE îËÆ œ Öçúø-´îª’a
Rama could haven't done that work Rama might have done that work.
Ñ È®ç-úÕçöÀéÀ áEo Å®√n-©’-Ø√oßÁ÷ §
îËÊÆh î√©’. ûÁ©°æçúÕ. Would, could Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’
®√´·úø’ Ç °æE îËÆœ Öçú≈-LqçC (é¬E
îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’)
ÅFo ®√ߪ’çúÕ.
He might have done the work – Åçõ‰
Rama should have done that work.
àO’ îÁߪ’u-™‰-ü¿Ø√? îËÆœ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaØ√? § ®√´·úø’ Ç °æE î˨»úø’
He may have done éÀ might / would éÀ Rama has done that work.
may ≤ƒn†ç™ à Å®√n-©’-Ø√oßÁ÷ ûÁ-©°æçúÕ. 2) îËÆœ Öçúøúø’, (é¬F î˨»úø’)
– áÆˇ. ®√´·, ûÁØ√L - Rama wouldn't have done it.
ï-¢√-•’: § îËÆœ Öçú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’, é¬F î˨»úø’
1. Rama could have done that work He shouldn't have done it.
Rama -Ç °æEE îËÆœÖçúø-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úË é¬F îËߪ’™‰ü¿’. § îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’
2. Rama could haven't done that work - Rama could not do it.
correct form, Rama couldn't have
DEéÀ § He may have/ might have done
done that work. Rama
DE Å®Ωnç, Ç °æEE
îËÆœ Öçúø-´îª’a.
îËÆœ Öçúø-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’. é¬E î˨»úø’ ÅE.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 10 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
Ranjit: Sanjai, we need to be careful. You don't need it any more.
(´’†ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC.) (FéπCçéπ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.)
Sanjai: What about? Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù need í∫’JçîË éπü∆? ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ
(üËE í∫’Jç*?) lessons ™ need Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ éÌEo ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
Ranjit: About the way we are spending money. èπ◊Ø√oç. ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç.
(´’†ç úø•’s ê®Ω’a îËÆæ’h†o N≠æߪ’ç.) Need †’ independent í¬ ¢√úøû√ç; Éûª®Ω verbs
We have to manage with this money till
the month end.
ûÓ éπL°‘ ¢√úøû√ç.-
I. Need †’ independent í¬ ¢√úÕûË, Å´-Ææ®Ωç
(Ñ úø•’sûÓ ØÁ™«-ê®Ω’ ´®Ωèπÿ í∫úø-§ƒL.)
We need an extra Rs. 500/- for the Öç-úø-ôç, Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’-´ôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC, éπü∆?
book I need. 1) We need an extra Rs. 500/- c) They will need it when they are there.
àüÁjØ√ E•ç-üµ¿-†í¬, Çñ«c-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç, NCµí¬, îËߪ’ôç
´’†èπ◊ Åü¿-†çí¬ 500 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’-´¤- ¢√∞¡x-éπ\-úø’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡x-éπC Å´-Ææ®Ωç Å´¤-ûª’çC. ´’ç*C ÅE îËߪ÷Lq -´ÊÆh/ Öçú≈Lq ´ÊÆh, must/
û√®· (鬢√L) d) Kumar needed some money yesterday. should, have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆. DEéÀ ´uA-Í®-
Kumar èπ◊ -E-†o éÌç-ûª -úø-•’s Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’içC.
2) You do not need it any more.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
éπçí¬ îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’/ Öçúø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ ņo-°æ¤púø’,
110 Fèπ◊ -ÅCçéπ Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. Ñ sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ need †’ Éûª®Ω verbs need not ¢√úøû√ç.
combination ™‰èπ◊çú≈ independent í¬ ¢√ú≈ç. a) You must do it
(†’´¤y ÅC îËߪ÷L)
You need not do it.

Need I go there now? (†’´¤y ÅC îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿’)

b) She has to be here at 10.
(10éÀ Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçú≈L)
She need not be here
(Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçúø-†-éπ\®Ω™‰ü¿’.)
(Ø√ éπ´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æ¤Ææh-é¬-EéÀ Åü¿-†çí¬ Rs. 500 II. Need †’ ´’†ç Éûª®Ω É°æ¤púø’ Ñ sentences †’ îª÷úøçúÕ: ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
Å´-Ææ®Ωç). verbs ûÓ éπL°œ èπÿú≈ a) You must make Coffee for us
Sanjai: That's true. But you need not worry. I a) You need not go now.
¢√úøû√ç. Å°æ¤púø’ Ç †’´¤y ´÷èπ◊ Coffee îËߪ÷L.
called Dad yesterday and told him to (verb: need go; = †’´¤y ¢Á∞¡x-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.)
verbs ûÁLÊ° °æE-îË-ߪ’-†-´- b) You must not make Coffee for us
send us Rs. 1000. He is sending it. Ææ-®Ωç-™‰-ü¿E Å®Ωnç. Ñ use b) She need not send any money now.
†’´¤y ´÷èπ◊ Coffee îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
We'll get it in a day or two. áèπ◊\´ not ûÓ ´Ææ’hçC, (verb: need send; Ç¢Á’ É°æ¤púËç úø•’s °æç-§ƒ- c) You need not make Coffee for us.
(Eï¢Ë’, é¬E †’´¤yworry Å´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ™‰-ü∆ question form ™ Lq-† -Å-´Ææ-®Ωç -™‰ü¿’.)
phone M. SURESAN †’´¤y ´÷èπ◊ Coffee îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
E†oØË Ø√†oèπ◊ îËÆœ ã ¢Á®·u ®Ω÷§ƒ- Öçô’çC. c) I need not take advice from him
b) éÀ éÀ ûËú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ: b) èπÿú≈, a) ™«í¬
c)
ߪ’©’ °æç°æ-´’Ø√o. äéπ-öÀ È®ç-úø’ ®Ó-V-™x a) I need not be there now (verb: need take-
(-úø-•’s) ´Ææ’hçC.)
؈’ Åûª-úÕ Ææ©£æ… BÆæ’éÓ Command. c) Command èπ◊ opposite éπü∆. ÉüË
Ranjit: I have to pay for the tuition I am taking.
Åéπ\úø -É°æ¤p-úø’ ؈’ç-úø-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. -†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’) should èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ´Jh-Ææ’hçC.
(verb - need + be) Ñ sentences ™ need Éûª®Ω verbs ûÓ com- a) He should do it
tuition
(؈’ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o fees
èπ◊ èπÿú≈ b) She need not come bination ûÓ ´≤ÚhçC, ´·êuçí¬ not ûÓ. b) He should not do it
éπö«dL éπü∆?)
Questions èπÿú≈ ´≤ƒh®·. c) He need not do it
Sanjai: Do you need (to) continue the tuition?
Ç¢Á’ ®√†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.
(Tuition continue îËߪ’ôç Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?) (verb - need come) a) Need I go there now? ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆, (a), (b) Commands. (c) oppo-
Ranjit: I need not continue. c) Need I go there now? (É°æ¤púø’ -ØË-†’ ¢Á-∞«x-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆?verb - site of (a). Å®·ûË have to/ has to N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
(Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’) ؈-éπ\úÕéÀ -É°æ¤p-úø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷? need go.) é¬Ææh ûËú≈. Have to/ has to èπ◊ not îËJÊÆh need
b) Need you take so much trouble? not meaning ´Ææ’hçC.
Sanjai: Then stop it. You need to understand look at the following sentences:
that if you continue to attend tuitions, †’´yçûª trouble BÆæ’éÓ¢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆? She has to be here
a) I need your help
you don't have the time to study. F Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Ø√éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç – verb- need take.) Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçú≈L.
tuitions She doesn't have to be here
(Å®·ûË Ç°®·u. É™« èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡⁄h b) She needs some dresses. III. Need not ņôç, must, should, have to/ has
time She need not be here
Öçõ‰ Fèπ◊ îªü¿-´-ö«-EéÀ Öçúø-ü¿E Å®Ωnç
Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÌEo dresses Å´-Ææ®Ωç to èπ◊ opposite ÅE èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L (îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq-† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC). Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçúø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
2) Sumanth: Sudheer, I need your advice. I have been looking
(1) Tarun: Varun,
PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH
àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’? for you, I see you here now.
Varun: ؈’ ´’Lx-é˙†’ ¢ÁçôØË éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC.
Sudheer: What's it about? If you really need my advice, you
Tarun: áçü¿’èπ◊? Sudheer: Worry Å´--†-´Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’™‰. ØË-†’ éπ†’-éÌ\E Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç-vûª¢Ë’ have it/ I will give it.
Varun: Åûª-úÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* éÌçûª information Å´-Ææ®Ωç Ø√èπ◊. îÁ§ƒh. ؈’ Phone îË≤ƒh™‰. Sumanth: I want to buy a bike. I need a bike very badly now.
Tarun: üËE í∫’Jç*?
Sumanth: F´¤ îËߪ’-éπ\-Í®x-ü¿’™‰. ØËØË îË≤ƒh. (need badly = î√-™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç).
Varun: ¢Ë’ç ´îËa¢√®Ωç A®Ω’-°æA ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç. Åéπ\úø ü¿®Ωz†ç N≠æߪ’ç™
ANSWERS: Shall I buy a second hand one or a new one?
Åûª-úÕ help 鬢√L. Sudheer: Depends on the money you have. If you can afford it,
Tarun: ü∆E-Èéj-ûË †’´¤y ´’Lxé˙ ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞¡x-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿’™‰. ´÷ ¶«¶«®· Åéπ\úø 1) Tarun: Hi Varun, What news?
have a new one.
°æE-îË-Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’. ؈’ -Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©†’. Varun: I need to meet Mallik immediately.
(afford = Å°∂æú˛ = °ô’d-éÓ-í∫-©í∫-úøç/- ≤Úh-´’ûª)
Varun: Çߪ’†’o ᙫ éπ©’-Ææ’éÓ-¢√-L ؈’? (immediately = ¢ÁçôØË)
Sumanth: If I want to buy a new one, I have to take a bank loan.
Tarun: †’¢Ëyç worry é¬-†éπ\®Ω-™‰-ü¿’. Åéπ\úø Çߪ’† Fèπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Tarun: Why?
I need your help for that too.
Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Åçû√ îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Varun: I need some information from him. Sudheer: Don't worry/ No need to worry. I will find out and call
Varun: Å®·ûË ´’Lxé˙ ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç* ØËØËç Introduction letter Tarun: What about? you this evening.
BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Varun: We are going to Tirupathi next week. We need his help Sumanth: You need not. I'll call you.
Tarun: Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. Åéπ\-úÕ-Èé-Rxç-ûª-®√yûª Çߪ’† E†’o áéπ\-úÕéÀ á°æ¤púø’
in the matter of darsanam.
®Ω´’tçõ‰ Åéπ\-úøèπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL †’´¤y. Çߪ’† éÌClí¬ éÓ°œ≠œd. Tarun: If it is for that you need not go to Mallik. My uncle works Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ:
Varun: ÅüËç °æ®Ω-¢√-™‰-ü¿’™‰. Å™«Íí.
there. I can help you. He gave me advice -
(2) Sumanth: Hi Sudheer, F Ææ©£æ… Å´-Ææ®Ωç Ø√èπ◊. FéÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-
Varun: How do I meet him? Ñ sentence †´‚-Ø√í¬ îËÆæ’èπ◊E áEo sentences, different
ûª’Ø√o. †’-¢Ëy éπE-°œç-î√´¤.
Tarun: You need not worry at all. He will give you all help you subjects different verbs ûÓ, not ûÓ, question form ™, dia-
Sudheer: üËE í∫’Jç*? Ø√ Ææ©£æ… Fèπ◊ Eïçí¬ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË, ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ûÓ,
É≤ƒh. need. logue form frame
™ áEo îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË ÅEo îËߪ’çúÕ.
Sumanth: ؈’ bike é̆’-éÓ\-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Bike Ø√èπ◊ î√™« Å´- Varun: So I need not take any introduction letter from Mallik. eg: a) Saritha showed me her chain.
Ææ®Ωç É°æ¤púø’. second hand é̆’-éÓ\Ø√, éÌûªhC é̆’-éÓ\Ø√? Tarun: No need. Once you go there you should be and you b) Sunil did not give me the book
Sudheer: ÅC F ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o úø•’s†’•öÀd Öçô’çC éπü∆? †’´¤y -¶µº-Jç-îªí∫- should go wherever and whenever he wants you to. He c) Why did they offer him the job?
L-TûË, éÌûªhüË better éπü∆. is a bit short tempered. d) Mukesh: Are you paying me the money now?
Sumanth: Ø√èπ◊ bank loan Å´-Ææ®Ωç, éÌûªhC éÌØ√-©çõ‰. Loan ûÁa- (Short tempered = ûªy®Ωí¬ éÓ°æpúË Ææy¶µ«´ç) Ganesh: I am not promising you anything. I will try.
éÌ-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ F ≤ƒßª’ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Varun: Don't you worry. OK. Mukesh: Send me the money tomorrow atleast.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII
Harihar: Hi Subhakar, do you know Murthy?
(Fèπ◊ ´‚Jh ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)
Subhakar: Of course. We Went to school
together. We were the same class.
We used to sit on the same bench
too. We were together for three
years at school.
(ûÁ-L-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-ô-¢Ë’çöÀ? ¢Ë’ç äÍé school
™ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊Ø√oç. Classmates. äÍé
bench O’ü¿ èπÿ-ØË-¢√∞¡xç èπÿú≈)
Harihar: I happened to meet him on train.
He told me about you.
(؈-ûª-úÕE train ™ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o. F
í∫’Jç* îÁ§ƒpúø’.)
Subhakar: We are still in touch with each other.
He joined a college in Hyderabad,
and I stayed on here.
(É°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ ¢Ë’ç äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ωç touch
™ ÖØ√oç. ¢√úË¢Á÷ Hyderabad col-
lege ™ îË®√úø’, ØËE-éπ\úË ÖçúÕ-§Úߪ÷)
Harihar: Quite a nice fellow, isn't he?
(î√™« ´’ç* ¢√úø’, éπü∆?)
Subhakar: Certainly. We used to be close. He
used to help me in studies, espe-
cially in maths. He used to be very
good at studies
(Eï¢Ë’. ¢Ë’ç î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«-ûªçí¬ ÖçúË-
¢√∞¡xç. Ø√èπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤™ ´·êuçí¬ maths
™ ≤ƒßª’ç îËÊÆ-¢√úø’. ¶«í¬ îªC-¢Ë-¢√úø’)
Harihar: He told me you used to play cricket
very well. It seems you used to be
the opener for your school team
(†’´¤y cricket î√™« ¶«í¬ ÇúË-¢√-úÕ-´E
îÁ§ƒpúø’. O’ school team èπ◊ †’´¤y
opener í¬ ÖçúË-¢√-úÕ-´ô éπü∆?)
Subhakar: Yes. I used to play, but not as well
as Murthy has told you.
(Eï¢Ë’, ØËØ√-úË-¢√úËo, Å®·ûË ´‚Jh
îÁ°œp-†çûª ¶«í¬ é¬ü¿’)
Harihar: Why aren't you playing now?
(É°æ¤púø’ áçü¿’é¬-úøôç ™‰ü¿’?)
Subhakar: I used to find a lot of time to play at
school. Now my concentration is
on EAMCET. No time for games
now.
(school ™ î√™« time ÖçúË-C Ø√èπ◊.
É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ EAMCET O’ü¿ concen-
trate îËÆæ ’hØ√o. Games èπ◊ time
üÌ®Ω-éπôç ™‰ü¿’)
Harihar: I used to play shuttle regularly, but I
gave it up after I joined college.
Dad wont' let me play any game
now.
(؈’ shuttle ÇúË-¢√-úÕE. é¬F ´÷Ø˨»,
college ™ îËJ† ûª®√yûª ´÷ Ø√†o
ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç ™‰ü¿’)
-v°æ-¨¡o: 1) ¢- Á·-ü¿-öÀ®Ó-V Office èπ◊
¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o-úø’ -Å-†-ú≈-Eo
'He is going to office
for the first time'
- Å-E
correct
-îª-C-¢√-†’. -Å-C Å-
´¤-ûª’ç-ü∆? -D-Eo- ´’®Ó -
N-üµ¿çí¬ -á-™« ®√≤ƒh®Ω’?
2 ) ''Phonetics'' ØË®Ω’aèπ◊-ØËç-
ü¿’èπ◊ -äéπ -´’ç-* °æ¤Ææhéπç
Ææ÷-*ç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. -
– á. -¢Ë-ù’íÓ-§ƒ-™¸, -Å-Mx°æ‹®˝
ï-¢√-•’: 1) He
is going to office for the first
time = ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ (®ÓV é¬ü¿’)
office èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√oúø’. ÉüË Å®Ωnç ´îËaô’x,
This is the first time he is going to
office ņ-´îª’a.
2) Oxford, longman's Dictionaries î√©’.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
Subhakar: That's right too. We cant' do two
things at the same time. We have to
choose between the two.
(ÅD Eï¢Ë’. äÍé-≤ƒJ È®çúø’ °æ†’©’
îËߪ’™‰ç éπü∆. àüÓ äéπöÀ ᆒo-éÓ-¢√L.)
Harihar: Bye then. Time for me to go for my
Physics tuition class.
(Physics tuition ¢Á∞«xL ؈’, ´≤ƒh.
Subhakar: Bye
Ñ dialogue ™ Ñ expressions
îª÷úøçúÕ.
1) We used to sit on the same
bench.
2) We used to be close
3) He used to help me
4) He used to be very good at stud-
ies.
5) You used to be the opener
6) I used to play
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
She used to sing well
7) I used to find a lot of time.
Ñ expressions ÅFo èπÿú≈ used to
èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†¢Ë éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ used to
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
used to èπ◊ be form used to be;
Action word: used to + 1st Regular Doing
word
e.g: used to play, used to sing, etc.,
Used to í∫ûªç™ Å©-¢√-ô’í¬, véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈
Ö†o ÆœnAE é¬F, Ωu (action)†’ é¬F ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.
Ñ used to èπ◊, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úË use
èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’.
Subhakar ´÷ô we used to sit on the same
bench
äÍé bench O’ü¿ èπÿØË ¢√∞¡xç (A regular action
of the past)
ûÁ©’-í∫’™: Å°æ¤-úø™« ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úËC
(It used to be so);
¢√úø’ ®ÓW ÇúË-¢√úø’
(He used to play every day);
Ç¢Á’ ¶«í¬ §ƒúËC
(she used to sing well);
They used to quarrel with each other.
(¢√∞¡Ÿx -äéπ-J-ûÓ äéπ®Ω’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-éÌ-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx)–
-v°æ-¨¡o: -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù °æ‹-Jhí¬ -ØË®Ω’aéÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ææ’-´÷®Ω’
275 -¢√éπu -†-´‚-Ø√-©’ (patterns or struc-
tures) -î√-©-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -¢√uéπ®Ω-ù °æç-úÕ-ûª’-©
-Å-Gµ-v§ƒ-ߪ’ç. -Ç 275 -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -ûÁ-©’í∫’ -vö«-Ø˛q-
™‰-≠æ-Ø˛- Ææ£æ… -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé.®√-´÷®√--´¤, -N-ï-ߪ’-¢√-úø
ï-¢√-•’: O’®Ω-†oC correct. Å®·ûË ´·ç-ü¿’í¬ fun-
damentals ¶«í¬ ûÁLÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω’
îÁ°œp† ¢√éπu †´‚-Ø√©’ (sentence pat-
terns) practice îËߪ’-´îª’a. Åçü¿’èπ◊ ûªT†
vocabulary èπÿú≈ °çîª ’-éÓ-¢√L éπü∆,
slots fill îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊. Thanks for the sug-
gestion.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
É™«çöÀ ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ – used to ¢√úøû√ç. Used to conversation
°j ™ ques-
°j dialogue ™ èπÿú≈ É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀÍé used to tion not
™ never
ûÓ, ûÓ ¢√úøôç
¢√úøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. îª÷úøçúÕ. É™« èπÿú≈ O’®Ω’ used to
1) He used to help me ¢√úø-´îª’a. ´’J-éÌEo îª÷úøçúÕ.
Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ a) Å-ûªúÁ-°æ¤púø÷ punctual í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’
2) We used to be close He never used to be punctual?
b)
¢Ë’ç ÆæEo-£œ«-ûªçí¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡xç ÅûªúÕ ≤ƒßª’ç †’´¤y ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√-úÕ¢√?
3) He used to be good at studies Did you use to take his help often?
îªü¿’-´¤™ ¶«í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’ (¶«í¬ îªC-¢Ë-¢√úø’ – ÉüË (N’í∫û√ verbs èπ◊ ™«í¬ØË used to question -ûÓ
ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ – He used to study well ) é¬F not ûÓ é¬F ¢√úÕûË did use Å´¤-ûª’çC.
4) You used to be the opener -Å-ûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ °ü¿l ≤ƒßª’ç àO’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’
†’´¤y opener í¬ ÖçúË-¢√-úÕN. He didn't use to help me much.
111
5) I used to play
؈’ ÇúË-¢√-úÕE
[Used to present/ future actions
of being ]
èπÿ ®√ü¿’
èπÿ states
6) I used to find a lot of NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN
time ENGLISH
Ø√èπ◊ î√™« time üÌJ-ÍéC Ananth: Hi Sumanth, É¢√-∞ÏçöÀ Éçûª ûªy®Ωí¬
鬕öÀd 'used to' express- Evü¿-™‰-î√´¤?
es a habitual state of Sumanth:
Ñ ´’üµ¿u ؈’ ûªy®Ω-í¬ØË ™‰Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
being or action. ´‚úø’ ØÁ©© éÀçü¿öÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ late í¬ ™‰îË-
Pramod: Your teacher at ¢√-úÕE – college hours áE-N’C †’ç*
school was at M. SURESAN
äçöÀí∫çô ´®Ωèπ◊ ´÷Í®a´®Ωèπ◊
our place this
Ananth: áçü¿’-éπçûª Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰îË-¢√-úÕN?
afternoon. She's dad's cousin
Sumanth: ®√vA î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ îªC¢Ë ¢√úÕE. Ç©-Ææuçí¬
O’ School teacher ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ ´*açC
(
°æúø’-èπ◊ØË ¢√úÕE. Åçü¿’-éπE Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰îË-
´’üµ∆u£æ«oç. ÇNúø ´÷ Ø√†o cousin.
¢√-úÕE.
Cousin éπ>Ø˛ – 'éπ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç, > size ™
Ananth: ´’ü¿u ™‰îË-ô-°æp-öÀ-éÀ-Èéçûª time ÅßË’uC
z ™«í¬.
Sumanth: ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω 8 ÅßË’uC. áçûª £æ…®·í¬
Å®Ωnç = ®Ωéπh Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰E ü¿í∫_®Ω ö«d-©ç-ü¿®Ω’
ÖçúËüÓ
English™ cousins. Children of your parents
Ananth:
brothers and sisters are all your cousins. ؈’ -´÷vûªç Ç®Ω’Íé ™‰îË-¢√-úÕE. É°æ¤púø’
âCç-öÀÍé ™‰Ææ’hØ√o.
Åçõ‰ O’ ´÷´’ߪ’u éÌúø’-èπ◊©÷, èπÿûª’-∞¡Ÿx -Åç-ü¿®Ω÷
Sumanth:
O’ cousins - cousin sister, cousin brother àüÁjØ√ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰´-ô¢Ë’ Ø√éÀ≠dçæ .
ÅØË ´÷ô©’ English ™ ™‰´¤. ÅN ¢√úøç) ANSWER:
Prasanth: She used to like me a lot she was a Ananth: Hi Sumanth, why are you up so
very good teacher. early?
(؈çõ‰ Ç¢Á’ ¶«í¬ É≠æd-°æ-úËC/ ÅGµ-´÷†ç How is it you are up so early?
ÇNúø î√™« ´’ç* teacher) How is it you got up so early?
Pramod: Though I was n't her student, I used
How is it = get up =
àçöÀ? Evü¿-™‰-´ôç
to go to her for tuition.
(ØËØ√¢Á’ student Å´éπ§Ú-®·Ø√, Ç¢Á’
= be up. 'be up' ÅEo-öÀ-éπçõ‰ simple,
natural)
ü¿í∫_-®ΩéÀ tuition -¢Á∞Ïx-¢√-úÕE.)
Sumanth: Of late I have been getting up early.
Prasanth: Didn't she use to say, 'understand?'
I used to get up late till 3 months
at the end of her every sentence?
ago- till the college hours were
(v°æA sentence *´®√ (Ç¢Á’ teach
changed from 8 AM to 1 PM
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, 'understand?' ÅØË-C-éπü∆?)
Ananth: Why did you use to get up so late?
Pramod: That she used to. I observed too.
Most teachers, I think say that. Sumanth: I used to study till late in the night.
So I used to get up/to be up late.
(Å´¤†’ Å™« Åçô’ç-úËC. ؈÷ í∫´’-
Eçî√†’. Teachers î√™«-´’çC Å™« Ananth: what used to be the time when you
got up/when you were up?
Åçö«-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«.)
Prasanth: I never used to find our Maths Sumanth: It used to be nearly 8. How happy I
teacher say that. He used to say, was!/ How I enjoyed it!
'Isn't it?' quite often. Ananth: I used to get up at 6. Now I get up
(´÷ Maths teacher Å™« ņôç ØËØÁ- at 5 itself.
°æ¤púø÷ NØË-¢√-úÕE 鬆’. Çߪ’† á°æ¤púø÷, Sumanth: What ever you may say. I like get-
'Isn't it?' ÅØË-¢√úø’. ting up late.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ii I Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 14 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
Himakar: Who do I see here? Dinakar? Oh
Ñ conversation ™ éÀçC expressions
what a surprise! When did you
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
come?
1. I used to find ...
(àß˝’, á´®Ω÷? C†-éπ®√? Ǩ¡a®Ωuçí¬- -Öç-C! 2. I used to eat out
á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√a´¤?) 3. He used to be quite active here.
Dinakar: Yesterday. The first thing I thought I
4. He used to get up quite late
would do was see you and here I am
5. I am used to it.
(E†o, ®√í¬ØË ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿ô E†’o 6. I could not get used to the food
îª÷ú≈©†’èπ◊Ø√o. ´îËa¨») 7. He was used to keeping awake late
Himakar: Real pleasure seeing you. So how's
8. He will be used to it. No. 5 to 8 îª÷úøçúÕ. ¢Á·ü¿ô 5, 7 and 8 îª÷úøçúÕ future, past™ üËE-ÈéjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Bangalore?
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson™ ´’†ç used to Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ 5. I am used to it a) I am used to coffee in the morning
(E†’o îª÷úøôç Eïçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. í∫ûªç™ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúøf
7. He was used to keeping awake late (Coffee - noun)
Bangalore ᙫ ÖçC?)
Æœnûª’-©èπÿ, Ωu-©èπÿ (Habitual status of being/habit- 8. He will be used to it (Ø√èπ◊ §Òü¿’l† coffee Å©-¢√ô’)
Dinakar: A beautiful city. I went there in the win-
ual actions in the past) ¢√-úø-û√ç -Å-E °j† expres- 5, 7 and 8 expressions ™ used to ´·çü¿’ be I am used to taking coffee in the morning
ter. I used to find the cold difficult to
sions from 1 to 4 ü∆EéÀ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’ éπü∆. forms (am, was, will be) Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ø√èπ◊ §Òü¿’lØË coffee B≤Ú\-´ôç Å©-¢√ô’.
bear, but now I am used to it.
1. I used to find the cold difficult to bear ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈, used to ûª®√yûª 'be' form é¬F, (Ééπ\úø am used to ûª®√yûª, taking, ... ing form
(Åçü¿-¢Á’i† †í∫®Ωç. ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ îªL-é¬-©ç™ Ç îªL ûªô’d-éÓôç éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÅE-°œç-îËC. Regular doing word é¬F ®√éπ-§Ú-´ôç îª÷úøçúÕ. ®√´ôç í∫-´’-Eç-îªç-úÕ)
¢Á∞«x. Ç îªL ûªô’d-éÓ-´úøç éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÖçúËC. 2. I used to eat out Used to, ûª®√yûª, It é¬F, ing form é¬F ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®· b) He is used to long walks / taking long walks
é¬-F É°æ¤púø’ Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úÕ-§Úߪ÷)
Himakar: What about the food?
•ßª’ô AØË-¢√úÕo. éπü∆. Åçõ‰ 5, 7 and 8™ ´’†ç ¢√úÕçC. in the morning
'be' form (am/was/willbe) + it/...ing form (†úøéπ, †úø-´ôç Å-ûª-úÕéÀ Å©-¢√ô’.)
(-ǣ慮Ωç -´÷-õ‰ç-öÀ?)
(Expressions 1, 2, 3, 4™ ¢√úÕçC. (Used to + be c) Ram: Your boss seems to be an angry man.
Dinakar: No trouble now. I cook for myself. I
/ Ist Regular Doing Word) (O’ boss éÓ°œ-≠œd™« éπ-EpÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’?)
used to eat out in the beginning but I
Used to + be/1st RDW Rahim: I just don't bother. I am used to his
could not get used to the food. I start-
ed cooking, and I am happy now. -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 112 í∫ûªç™ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o ÆœnA/ ïJ-T† °æE. - anger.

(É°æ¤púËç É•sçC ™‰ü¿’. ØËØË ´çúø’-èπ◊ç-ô’- É-D É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç îª÷ÆœçC. (ØËØËç ™„éπ\-îË-ߪ’†’. Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úÕ-§Úߪ÷
Ø√o†’. ¢Á·ü¿öx £æ«Ùô™x AØË-¢√-úÕE. é¬-F
-Å-©¢√ô’ îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷. ´çúø’-éÓôç
¢Á·ü¿-©’-°ö«d. É°æ¤púË É•sçD ™‰ü¿’.
(Eat out = Restaurants ™ A†ôç)
Himakar: You know our friend Bhaskar, don't
She used to be beautiful
you? He works in a Call Centre there.
(Fèπ◊ ¶µ«Ææ \®˝ ûÁ©’-Ææ’í¬. ¢√úø-éπ\úø Call
3. He used to be quite active here É°æ¤úø’ 'be' form + used + Çߪ’† éÓ§ƒ-EéÀ.)(am used to - his anger)
Centre ™ °æE-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’)
Ééπ\úø î√™« ®Ω’í¬_ ÖçúË-¢√úø’. it/ ...ing form (expressions, d) Bhavan: His wife appears to be the -
Dinakar: How is he? He used to be quite active
4. He used to get up quite late 5, 7 and 8 ™ ÖçC) – nagging type.
here
¶«í¬ Ç©Ææuçí¬ ™‰îË-¢√úø’. ÉC äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ (†Ææ-°õ‰d ®Ωéπç-™« ÖçC ¢√úÕ ¶µ«®Ωu .)
(ᙫ ÖØ√oúø’? Ééπ\úø Åûª†’ î√™« ®Ω’í¬_ Used to
ÖçúË-¢√úø’) °æúøôç –any time – past, Sravan: He is so used to her nagging that with-
1) Past ™ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o Æœnûª’-©èπÿ, ïJ-T† present or future †’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’- out it he feels he misses something.
Himakar: He is OK. except for his odd hours of
°æ†’-©èπÿ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. Present, futureèπ◊ ñ‰Ææ’hç-C.
duty. He has to work late night shifts. M. SURESAN (Ç †Ææ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË àüÓ ¢Á-L-Aí¬ Ö†oô’d ¶«üµ¿-
It's troubling him a bit.
á°æ¤púø÷ ¢√úøç. (í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆, used to + °æ-úø-û√úø’ ¢√úø’. Ç †Ææ-éπçûª Å©-¢√ô’
2) Used to ûª®√yûª 'be' é¬F, Ist Regular Doing be/ 1st RDW - past Íé °æú≈fúø’)
(-Ç-úø÷u-öà -¢Ë-∞¡-©’ ûª°æp ¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√oúø’. Words (used to + go / Walk) Sleep, etc) é¬F °æJ-N’ûªç) (is used to -nagging)
®√-vA -¢Ë-∞¡-™x °æ-E-îË-ߪ’-úøç -Å-ûª-Eo -É-•sç-C ´≤ƒh®·. ÉC ´’†ç last lesson™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. a) Kesav: How do you find Delhi in Summer?
°-úø’-ûÓç-C) Now practise the following:-
Dinakar: He was used to keeping awake late at
´’Sx îª÷úøçúÕ. (¢ËÆæN™ Delhi ᙫ ÖçC?) Sekhar:
1) ´÷éπ-°æ¤púø’ ¢√®√-EéÀ 5 ®ÓV™‰ ÖçúË-C Eswar: Quite hot. But I have been used to
†’´¤y *†o-°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ °æJ-Èí-ûËh-¢√-úÕN éπü∆?
night here. He used to get up quite
We used to have school only for 5 days a the heat for past three years.
É°æ¤p-úËçöÀ ÅÆæ©’ éÌçûª ü¿÷®Ωç èπÿú≈ †úø-´-™‰-
late here. what's the problem?
week. (áçúøí¬ØË Öçô’çC. é¬F í∫ûª ´‚úË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?
(Ééπ\úø á°æ¤púø÷ ®√vA î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ ¢Ë’™\- 2) ûª®Ωîª÷ Ø√ ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ´Ææ’hç-úË-¢√úø’. Pramod: Ñ office™ join Å®·-†-ûª-®√yûª Ø√èπ◊
´ôç Å©-¢√õ‰ éπü∆ Åûª-EéÀ. Ç©Ææuçí¬ØË ØËØ√ áçúøéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æú≈f. É°æ¤púø’ ÅC
He used to visit me frequently Ææ´’Ææu é¬ü¿’). ¢√£æ«†ç ÖçC éπü∆. *†o *†o ü¿÷®√-©èπ◊
Evü¿™‰îË¢√úø’ éπü∆?) 3) Ç¢Á’ Åûª-ØÁo-°æ¤púø÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËC é¬ü¿’ (have been (be form) + used + to the heat
èπÿú≈ bike O’ü¿ ¢Á∞¡xôç Å©-¢√--õ„i-§Ú-´-úøç
Himakar: But there he has to get off duty too
She never used to like him (noun)
´©x, †úøéπ ûªT_çC.
late, after 12 mid night, and so he Sekhar: Å°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ slim í¬ ÖçúË ¢√úÕN èπÿú≈.
4) EØÁo-°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ É•sçC °õ‰d¢√úÕØ√ ؈’? (üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîËa Ê°®Ω’ noun. ü∆E •ü¿’©’ it /
can get up only after 9 or 10 in the Pramod: Ñ Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† @N-û√Eéπ©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úøôç ´©x
Did I ever used to trouble you? that / this etc. ™«çöÀN ¢√úø-´îª’a)
morning. This is his problem. He weight èπÿú≈ °J-TçC. Eï¢Ë’.
5) ¢√úø’ °æí∫©çû√ Ééπ\úË í∫úÕ-Ê°-¢√úø’ b) Åûª-úÕéÀ night shifts (®√vA-¢Ë-∞¡©’ – duties) Å©-¢√õ‰
hopes he will be used to it in a course Sekhar: Bike ¢√úøôç ´÷ØËÆ œ urgent é¬E °æ†’-©èπ◊
He used to spend the whole of day being – He is used to night shifts.
of time
here. c) É™«çöÀ v¨¡´’ Åûª-úÕéÀ éÌûªh. éÌçûª é¬-™«-EéÀ
†úø’.
(é¬F -Åéπ\úø ´’K Ç©Ææuç.®√vA 12 ûª®√yûË 6) ¢√úø’ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-çí¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’ Pramod: †úø-¢√-©-E°œçîªü¿’ Ø√èπ◊. é¬F v°æߪ’-Aoç-î √L.
duty Å®· Evü¿-§Ú-´ôç, Åçü¿’-´©x Öü¿ßª’ç
Å©-¢√ô’ °æúøû√úø’
He used to be very helpful to me This kind of hard work is new to him, but
à´·ç-C™‰, È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©’ †úÕÊÆh Å©-
9, 10 ûª®√yûË Evü¿ ™‰´ôç, ÉD ÅûªE 6) Ç¢Á’ Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçúËC he will be used to the work in course of
¢√ô’ °æúÕ-§Ú-û√†’. Å´¤†÷, †’´¤y Delhi ™
Ææ´’Ææu. 鬩-véπ-¢Ë’ù« Å©¢√ô’ °æúø-û√-†E She used to be beautiful Öçô’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆?Åéπ\úø AçúÕ Fèπ◊ °æúø’-
time.
ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’) used to ¢√úøéπç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆? ûÓçü∆?
É°æ¤púø’ °j d) ¢√úÕ boss Å´-´÷-Ø√©’ Åûª-úÕéÀ Å©-¢√õ‰
Dinakar: Best of luck for him Sekhar: Ææ´’ÊÆu ™‰ü¿’. Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-ú≈f†’.
conversation expressions...
-†’ç* BÆœ† He is used to the insults from his boss.
b) Dushyant: Hi Bharat, àçöÀ ´’K Sundays
e) Pratap: How are you able to carry such a
load?
èπÿú≈ busy í¬ Öçô’-Ø√o´¤?
-v°æ-¨¡o: éÀç-C °æ-ü∆-© π◊ ÆæÈ®j-† Pronunciation -ûÁ-©°æí∫-©®Ω’? (Åçûª •®Ω’¢Á™« ¢Á÷ߪ’-í∫©’_ûª’Ø√o´¤?)
Bharat: àç îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«´¤? Busy life éπ©-¢√-ô’-°æ-
Bear, Owl, yacht, Menace, Cheer (v), Cheers (n), Cop, Cheerful (adj),
ú≈f†’. É°æ¤púø’ °æE-™‰-éπ-§ÚûË àç ûÓîªü¿’.
Sekhar: What a question? Weren't we
Dishyant: Í®°æ¤ promotion ´ÊÆh ¶«í¬ BJéπ
tyrant, martyr, Chaos, Career (were we not) used to carrying
–-öÀ. -P-´, -†ç-CéÌ-ô÷\®Ω’
. heavier loads of books at school?
Öçô’çC éπü∆? Å°æ¤púËç îË≤ƒh´¤?
Bharat: Å°æ¤púø’ ü∆EéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-û√†’. àüÁjØ√
-ï-¢√-•’: 1) Bear=¶„-Å; 2) Owl=ñ˜™¸ -(Å--Ö™¸), 3) yacht=ߪ÷ö¸ 4) Menace=¢Á’†Æˇ (àç -v°æ-¨¡o -Å-C? School™ ´’†èπ◊ Éçûª- ´÷®Ω’p éÌEo ®ÓV™‰ Ææ´’Ææu. Ç ûª®√yûª ü∆EéÀ
('¢Á’—ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) 5) Cheer=*µßª’; Cheers=*µßª’ñ¸.('ñ¸— size™ z™«) éπØ√o •®Ω’-´¤†o °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ¢Á÷ߪ’ôç Å©¢√-ô’-°æ-úøû√ç.
6) Cop=鬰ˇ (鬖°-ü¿-´¤©’ í∫’çvúøçí¬ A°œp, Ø√©’éπ ´çéπ-®Ω-°-ôdçúÕ) Å©--¢√-õ‰ éπü∆?) Dushyant: Å´¤†’. Correct ´÷ ņo†’ ´÷ Å´÷t,
8) Cheerful='-*µßª’-°∂ˇ™ ¸ – '*µ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. 9) tyrant=õ„j®Ω-Ø˛ö¸ ('õ„j ØÌéÀ\
鬕öÀd be used to Åçõ‰ Å©-¢√ô’ Öçúøôç, éÌûªh Ø√†o î√™« Ææ’êçí¬ Â°çî√®Ω’. É°æ¤púø’
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) 1) 10) martyr=´÷ô ('´÷— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç)11) Chaos=Èéߪ’Æˇ é¬éπ-§Ú-´ôç. be used to ûª®√yûª noun form (this îª÷úø’. business™ ®ÓW 8 í∫çô-©-éπçõ‰
food, the heat, the insults etc) é¬F, '... ing' form
('Èé— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) 12) Career=éπJߪ’ ('JØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) é¬F ´Ææ’hçC. be used to Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo- •öÀd, present,
áèπ◊\´ °æE-îË-≤ƒhúø’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 16 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
Balaram: Hi Damodar, how's your new bike? 1) I will get used to
(F éÌûªh bike ᙫ ÖçC?) 2) You will get used to handling it
Damodar: I have used it for just a few days. I 3) He has got used to holding its weight
feel it is heavy for a man my size. So 4) I got used to it
I find it a bit difficult to handle it. Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ Lessons ™ be used to ¢√ú≈ç
( éÌCl-®Ó-V-©’-í¬ØË éπü∆ ØË ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√o éπü∆. ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ be used to Åçõ‰ Å©-¢√ô’
ü∆Eo. Ø√ Size éπC éÌçîÁç •®Ω’¢Ë ÅEp- °æúøôç ÅE, be used to noun
ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷
≤ÚhçC. Åçü¿’-éπE ü∆Eo handle îÁߪ’uôç é¬F, '...ing' form é¬F ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E.
é¬Ææh éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÖçC) 1) She is used to the rudeness of her mother-in-
Balaram: Could it be a wrong choice? law.
selection)
(F áç°œéπ (- Åç-ûª ÆæÈ®jçC Ç¢Á’ Åûªh-í¬J ü¿’®Ω’-Ææ’-ûª-Ø√-EéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúÕ-§Ú- b) Having been poor till now, he is yet to be Sneha: Moreover the language here is differ-
é¬üË¢Á÷ ņ’èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?) ®·çC. used/ yet to get used to/ yet to become used ent, so he may take (some) time to get
(Ééπ\úø rudeness, noun) to, the comforts of rich life used to it.
2) They are used to working for low wages. Maithri: Where English is known/ Where peo-
ûªèπ◊\´ @û√-©èπ◊ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç ¢√∞¡x-éπ-©-¢√õ‰. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Hü¿-¢√-úø’í¬ Öçúø-ôç-´©x, üµ¿Eéπ @Nûª ple know English, he hasn't any prob-
Ææ’ë«-©-éÀçé¬ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-™‰-ü¿-ûª†’/ ÅN Åûª-EéÀçé¬ lem. He is used to communicating in
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
(Åçõ‰ éÌûËhO’ é¬ü¿’. ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿’™ éÌûªhí¬ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-ú≈-
113 Lqç-üËO’ ™‰ü¿’) éÌûªh/ -Å-ûª-EéÀ ÅN É•sç-Cí¬ ÖØ√o®·. English. The problem is with the local
language.
Sneha: At the most he may take a month to
get used to the circumstances/ situa-

I got used to it tion here. That's all.

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç-Ø√-öÀ -Å-¶µ«u≤ƒ-© Ææ-´÷-üµ∆-Ø√-©’:

Damodar: (I) Can't say anything now. I think I
will get used to it as days pass.
(É°æ¤púËç îÁ°æp-™‰†’. ®ÓV©’ í∫úÕîËéÌDl
Å©-¢√ô’°æúø-í∫-©-†-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o)
Balaram: I think so too.
(؈÷ Å™«Íí ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o)
Damodar: Once it begins to move I feel very
comfortable riding it. Only when I
have to stand it do I feel the weight
(éπü¿-©ôç ¢Á·ü¿-™„jûË î√™« £æ…®·í¬
Öçô’çC. ü∆Eo Stand ¢Ëߪ÷Lq ´*a-†-
°æ¤púË •®Ω’-´-E-°œ-Ææ’hçC).
But I enjoy the ride.
(Å®·ûË ü∆EO’ü¿ Ææ-¢√-K î√™« Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬
Öçô’çC)
Balaram: Don't worry. You will get used to han-
dling it. Look at Arjun. He is Shorter
than you and his bike heavier than
yours. I See him handling it with
ease. He has got used to holding its
weight.
(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. †’´¤y ûªy®Ω-í¬ØË ü∆E •®Ω’-
´¤èπ◊ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-û√´¤. Å®Ω’b-Ø˛†’ îª÷úø’
¢√úø’ F éπçõ‰ §ÒöÀd, ¢√úÕ bike F ü∆E-
éπçõ‰ •®Ω’´¤. é¬E ü∆Eo ¢√úø’ î√™«
Ææ’©’´¤í¬ handle îË≤ƒhúø’. ¢√úø’
Å©-¢√ô’ °æú≈fúø’)
Damodar: Yes That was my Experience of my
cycle too, when I had my First Cycle,
I Was just 7 or 8 years old and the
cycle felt heavy , but I got used to it.
(Å´¤†’ Ø√ Cycle ûÓ Å†’-¶µº´ç èπÿú≈
ÅüË. ؈’ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ Cycle é̆o-
°æ¤púø’, Ø√èπ◊ àúË∞x áE-N’-üË∞x Å°æ¤púø’
Ø√èπ◊ Cycle •®Ω’-´-E°œç-îËC. é¬F Å©-¢√ô’
°æú≈f ü∆E •®Ω’-´¤éÀ.
Balaram: I ride a bike well, but I have yet to get
used to the traffic of Hyderabad. I
think it will be a few more weeks
before I can drive comfortably in
such traffic.
Traffic drive
(Ø√éÀçé¬ Ñ Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ™
îËߪ’ôç Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-™‰ü¿’. ÉçéÌEo ¢√®√-
©-èπ◊-í¬E Ææ’êçí¬ drive îËߪ’-™‰-†-†’-èπ◊çö«)
OK. I must be going. Bye
(Oh, Bye)
ØËEéπ ¢Á∞«xL
Damodar: Bye
Ñ Conversations Get used to
™ ûÓ Ö†o
expressions í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’
Lessons ™ Åçû√be used to èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†
N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Get
used to ®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
3) This street boy is used
to the cold of the win-
ter.
Ñ OCµ-¶«-©’úø’ Qû√-é¬-©°æ¤
îªL-éπ-©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úøf-¢√úË.
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ, noun •ü¿’©’,
is èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC.
M. SURESAN
°j conversation ™
get used to èπÿ, Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç îª÷Æœ† be
used to èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™ áçûÓ ûËú≈
™‰ü¿’. 'be used to' èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd
ÆæÈ®j† tense form ûÓ get used to ¢√úÌa:
Sneha: ´’J O’ Çߪ’† Ææçí∫A?
a) In the beginning I could not adjust to the
Maithri: Çߪ’-†Íé é¬Ææh Ææ´’-Ææuí¬ ÖçC. Çߪ’-†C
hostel food, but I got used to it as time went
on/but I am now used to it
¢Á·ü¿ô hostel food °æúËC é¬ü¿’, é¬F ®ÓV©’
í∫úÕ-îË-éÌCl Å©-¢√-õ„j-§Ú-®·çC; É°æ¤úø’ ؈’ ü∆EéÀ Sneha: Åçü¿’™ ¶µ«≠æ èπÿú≈ ûËú≈ éπü∆? é¬Ææh time
Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-ú≈f†’.
Maithri:
b) How long did it take for you to get used to
the climate of Kashmir?
é¬Qt®˝ ¢√û√-´-®Ω-ù«-EéÀ Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úø-ö«-E-Èéçûª time Sneha: ´’£æ… Å®·ûË ÉçéÓ ØÁ© °æôd-´-a™‰. Ç
°æöÀdçC Fèπ◊?
c) I think he hasn't yet got used to working for
long hours here unlike in his previous job
Ééπ\úø áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ°æ¤ °æE-îË-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úÕçé¬
Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úø-™‰-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«, ¢√úÕç-ûª-èπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’†o job
™™« é¬èπ◊çú≈.
d) People in government jobs find it difficult to
get used to working in private organisations.
private
v°æ¶µº’ûªy 鬮√u-©-ߪ÷™x °æE-îËÊÆ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊
ÆæçÆæn™x °æEîËߪ’ú≈-EéÀ Å©¢√ô’ °æúøôç éπ≠dçæ í¬
Öçô’çC.
°j (b), (c), (d) ™x `be used to' èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
b) How long did it take for you to get used to...?
= How long did take for you to be used to....?
c) I think he hasn't yet got used to working
= I think he hasn't been used to working
d) People in government jobs find it difficult to
get used to working- People in government
jobs find it difficult to be used to working in...
´ be used to, get used to become
¢√úË îÓôx
used to
èπÿú≈ ¢√úÌa.
a) I've got used/ I've become used to/ I've been
used to this kind of treatment from the Boss
Boss (treatment=
†Eo™« îª÷úøôç ¢Ájü¿uç,
´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç. Ééπ\-úø Å®Ωnç äéπ®Ω’ ÉçéÌ-éπJo
îª÷úøôç, Åçõ‰ íı®Ω-Nç-îªôç, ©-éπ-†í¬ îª÷úøôç,
üËy≠æç Öçúøôç, ™„éπ\-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´ôç ™«çöÀN: Ñ
Nüµ¿çí¬ boss ††’o îª÷úøôç (treat îËߪ’ôç) Ø√èπ◊
éÌûËhO’ é¬ü¿’.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
a) Sekhar: You used to be good at
running/used to run well/used to be
a good runner when you were
ÉO be used to, got used to, became used to young. Why aren't you able to walk
Å®√n©÷, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’. ´’Sx Ææçví∫-£æ«çí¬... even a short distance?
1) be (get/ become) used to ûª®√yûª noun é¬F,
Pramod: After I joined this office, I got a vehi-
...ing form é¬F ´≤ƒh®·. Ist RDW ®√ü¿’. Å®Ωnç – cle. I am used to going on the bike
even for short distances. So I walk
Å©-¢√-ô-´ôç, éÌûªh-é¬-éπ-§Ú-´ôç, É•sçC éπ©-í∫-éπ-
§Ú-´ôç. less now.
2) be (get/ become) used to à tense ™ØÁjØ√ Sekhar: You used to be very slim.
¢√úø-´îª’a, Öçúøôç, Ωu ïJÍí 鬙«-Eo-•öÀd. Pramod: True. Because I am used to this kind
PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH: of life and my weight has increased
too/ has gone up too/ I have put on
Sneha: Hi
¢Á’ivB, ᙫ ÖçC Ééπ\úÕ éÌûªh @Nûªç?
weight.
Maithri:
Ø√Íéç éÌûªh ÅE°œç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. Å©-¢√-õ„j-§Ú-
®·çC. ô÷d F™«çöÀ friends Öçúø-ôç-´©x Sekhar: Stop using the bike. Walk for things
not urgent.
Pramod: I don't feel like. But I must try. That's
marketing job éπü∆? Ééπ\úÕ market B®Ω’- nothing, of course. If I walk for 2 or 3
days, I will be used to walking you are
ûÁ-†’o-©-éÀçé¬ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-™‰-ü∆-ߪ’†. Ééπ\úÕ
market Çߪ’-†èπ◊ °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh. in Delhi now. Are you used to the food
there?
°æôd-´îª’a Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-ö«-EéÀ. Sekhar: No problem. I am used to it. / I have
got used to it.
ÉçTx ≠ˇ ûÁL-Æœ†îÓôx Çߪ’-†-ÍéO’ °∂æ®√y-™‰ü¿’.
Çߪ ’-†èπ◊ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Ææ綵«-≠æù Å©-¢√õ‰. b) Dushyant: Hi Bharat, you are busy on
≤ƒnEé𠶵«≠æ Å®·-ûËØË Ææ´’Ææu. Sundays too/ even on Sundays,
what's the matter?
ûª®√yûª Å©-¢√õ„j §Úûª’çC. Bharat: What can I do. I am used to this
ANSWER: busy life. I feel bad/ out of sorts if I
Sneha: How is the new life here, Maithri? don't have enough work.
Maithri: I don't find it new/ different any more; Dushyant: If you get promotion, you will have a
especially with friends like you around. lot of leisure. What will you do then?
Bharat: I will be used to it then change a
Sneha: What about your husband/ hubby?
Maithri: He finds it a little problem/ He has problem for only a few days. After
some trouble. Hence a marketing job, that we are used to it.
isn't it? He hasn't yet got used to/ He Dushyant: Yes, that's right. My parents brought
has yet to get used to the trends of the up my brother in all comfort. But
look now. In his business, he now
market here. The market here is
entirely/ completely/ totally new to him. works for more than eight hours.
-v°æ-¨¡o: 1. Leave letter ®√Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’, (Head mas- -v°æ-¨¡o: Am, is, are + V3 = ï®Ω-í∫-•úÕ Öçúøôç ™‰ü∆
ter †’ address îËÆæ÷h ï®Ω-í∫-•-úøúøç (™‰ü∆) È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ Ææç-ü¿-®√s¥-†’-
Teachers) Kindly grant me, ≤ƒ-®Ωçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™«? -á-™« ¢√ú≈-L?
ÅE ®√ߪ’úøç ûª§ƒp, may I – -áÆˇ.-ü¿’®√_®√-´¤, é¬éÀ-Ø√-úø
request you ÅE ®√ߪ’úøç cor- -ï-¢√-•’: am/ is / are + v3 (past participle) Ñ
rect Å´¤-ûª’çü∆, ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. combination ™ Ö†o verb passive voice
2.Respected Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a,
™ Öçô’çC. Å®Ωnç '•úø’— ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.
Yours sincerely / Yours 1) The poem is written by John = John îËûª Ç
faithfully -à-C -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-L?
poem ®√ߪ’-•-úÕçC Å-E Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L.
– -G-.-vQ-E-¢√Æˇ, éÌ-´‹y®Ω’ The poem has been written/ was written by
-ï-¢√-•’: 1. È®çúø÷ correct. May I request you ÅØËC John ÅØËC Éçûª-éπçõ‰ better form.
é¬Ææh formal. am/ is/ are + pp (past participle - v3) - ÉC habit-
2. Respected Sir, ņôç correct é¬ü¿’. Sir, ÅE ual action èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√ú≈L. Å®·-§Ú-®·† action
Ææç¶-CµÊÆh î√©’. Respected sir ÆæÈ®j† English Å®·ûË, has been + pp/ was/ were + pp ¢√úøôç
é¬ü¿’. Leave letter ´’†-éπçõ‰ °j ÅCµ-é¬-JéÀ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’, time state îË-¨»-´÷, ™‰ü∆ Å-ØËü∆Eo •öÀd.
address îËÆ œ-†-°æ¤púø’ yours faithfully, ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ. 2) He is gone ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖçC– He has gone ÅØË
Yours sincerely ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Å®Ωnç-ûÓ. -É-ç-ü¿’™ ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’.
iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 18 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
Jagan: Mohan, when did you last meet kumar? Jagan: I see him the other day when he was
(èπ◊´÷®˝†’ á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o´¤, *´-®Ωí¬?) talking to someone.
Mohan: Just yesterday. He was going home (-¢Á·-ØÁo°æ¤p-úÓ Åûªúø’ á´-J-ûÓØÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-
from office. ûª’çõ‰ ؈ûªEo îª÷¨»)
office
Mohan: He has a number of admirers.
(E†oØË. ¢√úø’ †’ç* ÉçöÀéÀ
¢Á∞¡Ÿh†o°æ¤púø’) (Åûª-úÕE ÅGµ-´÷-EçîË¢√∞¡Ÿx î√™«´’çC
Jagan: Do you meet frequently?
(O’®Ω’ ûª®Ωîª÷ éπ©’Ææ’èπ◊ç-ö«®√?) ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
admirers = ÅGµ-´÷-EçîË¢√∞¡Ÿx = fans.
Mohan: We used to. Of late, however, we
Admire = äéπJ v°æA-¶µº†’ ¢Á’a-éÓ-´ôç
haven’t been seeing each other that
frequently. His writing stories for the Jagan: He deserves 3) for actions just completed.
Ñ verbs véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí °æ†’-©èπ◊–
magazine keeps him busy. (Åûªúø’ ü∆EéÀ Å®Ω’|úË) (É°æ¤púË °æ‹®Ωh-®·† °æ†’-©èπ◊, just, just now Å-ØË
including habits, facts of science, universal
deserve = Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçúøôç -´÷-ô-©-†’ ¢√úøû√ç)
(í∫ûªç™ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË¢√∞¡xç. Ñ ´’üµ¿u Åçûª truths èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.1st column verbs
™ I †’ a) I have read some of his novels,
ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ éπ©-´ôç ™‰ü¿’. °ævA-éπèπ◊ éπü∑¿©’ ®√ߪ’- RDW, II column ™verbs II Regular Doing
†’ Time
ôç™ Åûªúø’ busy í¬ Öçö«úø’) Words
(îªC-¢√†’ – îÁ°æpôç ™‰ü¿’)
b) He has studied here for the past one year
Åçö«ç.
Of late = lately = Ñ ´’üµ¿u = recently. 1) ¢√úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®ÓW ´≤ƒhúø’
of late/ lately éÀ, late èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ –
(äéπ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωçí¬ Çߪ’† Ééπ\úø îªC-¢√úø’)
late = Ç©Ææuç -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 114 2)
He comes here everyday.
¢√∞¡Ÿx á°æ¤p-úÌ≤ƒh®Ω’ ®ÓW Ééπ\-úÕéÀ?
c) They have just gone out -
-¢√--∞¡Ÿx -É°æ¤p-úË •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞«x®Ω’.
Jagan: I have read some of his stories. They When do they come here everyday? IV He has been writing for
are quite good. long.
have been + ing / has

Do you meet him frequently?

(؈’ ÅûªúÕ éπü∑¿©’
éÌEo îªC¢√. ¶«í¬ØË been + ing. present
-D-E-E
ÖØ√o®·) perfect continuous tense
Mohan: He writes well. He Åçö«ç– í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ω綵º-¢Á’i
has written about Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æ†’-©èπ◊
40 stories and ¢√úøû√ç.
short stories so far. Mohan: He will be completing his fiftieth novel 3) Åûªúø’smoke îË≤ƒhúø’. Congress has been ruling AP for the past
(Åûªúø’ ¶«í¬ØË ®√≤ƒhúø’. É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ next year He smokes (Habit) year and a half
40 éπü∑¿©÷, éπü∑∆-E-éπ©’ ®√¨»úø’) ûª† 50-´ †´©†’ Çߪ’† ´îËa Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç 4) The sun rises in the -à-ú≈-C-†o®Ωí¬ AP E é¬çvÈíÆˇ §ƒL-≤ÚhçC.
Jagan: Has he been writing for long? °æ‹Jh îË≤ƒh-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«. east - universal truth.
Regular PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH:
(Åûª†’ î√™«é¬©çí¬ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√oú≈?) Jagan: My best wishes to him. É™« ᙫçöÀ
Mohan: He started writing at the age of 18 tenses
(î√™«´’çC §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊©’ í∫’Jç* ´’Sx ´’Sx actionsÈéjØ√ Regular Prabha: Ææ’ï† ††’o ûª®Ω disturb îËÆæ’hçC.
itself. He had written for the school and lesson
Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úø-ôçûÓ Ñ ™ tenses revise Doing Words ¢√úøû√ç.M. SURESAN Subha: †ØÁo-°æ¤púø’ disturb îËߪ’ü¿’.
É-C present simple Prabha: Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ -Ø√--©’í∫’≤ƒ®Ω’x phone
college magazines before he took to îËÆæ’hØ√ç, í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ)
Tense.
Do you meet him frequently? -
serious writing
Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ îËÆœçC.
5) Writing for the magazine keeps him busy.
(18 à∞¡xÍé ®√ߪ’ôç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√-úø-ûª†’. Ééπ\úøverb - do meet. do meet ÅØ√o äéπõ‰, Subha: Ø√éÀç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.
II. am + ...ing / is + ...ing / are + ...ing for
®√ߪ’ôç serious í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË´·çü¿’ meet ÅØ√o äéπ\õ‰. Prabha: Ǣ˒üÓ é¬®Ω’-éÌ-Eç-ü¿ô. Ç N≠æߪ’ç É°æp-öÀéÀ
actions taking place now. This tense is pres-
school, college magazines èπ◊ ®√¨»úø’) meet, meets, Ø√èπ◊ °æ-C≤ƒ®Ω’x phone îËÆœçC.
ent continuous tense.
Jagan: Any idea of bring out a collection of all sing sings
tense ANSWER:
write writes
his stories?
É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æ†’-©èπ◊ Ñ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) I am reading the paper - É°æ¤púø’ Prabha: Sujana disturbs me often.
(ÅEo éπü∑¿©’ äéπ Ææç°æ¤-öÀí¬ -ûÁ-îËa Ç™-îª- come comes
b) She is singing - É°æ¤púø’ Subha: She never disturbs me.
ØË-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?) watch watches
c) They are walking - É°æ¤púø’ Prabha: She has phoned four times so far
Bringing out = v°æ-Jç-îªôç, collection = (®Ω É™«çöÀ verb forms †’ present simple/ present III. have (for, I, we, you and they) + past par- today.
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™) Ææç°æ¤öÀ indefinite tense Åçö«®Ω’.- Ñ verbs ™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
ticiple/ has (for, he, she, it) - present
ÉC Subha: She hasn’t called me so far.
Mohan: A publishing company will soon publish column ™ Ö†o verbs †’ I, we, you and they
perfect tense. DE-E– Prabha: She has bought a car. She has
it. It will be out this June, I think. ûÓ, È®çúÓ column ™E verbs- sings, writes, etc 1) for past actions, time not stated phoned about it to me 10 times.
(ã v°æ-®Ω-ù«-©ßª’ç ûªy®Ω-™ØË Ç Ææç°æ¤öÀE -†’ he, she, it ûÓ -¢√-úø-û√ç. Question ™, not ûÓ (í∫ûªç™ ïJT, time ûÁL-ߪ’E °æ†’-©èπ◊)
v°æ-J-Ææ’hçC. Ñ June ™ v°æ-J-≤ƒh-®Ω-†’- 1st column ™ ÖçúË verbs èπ◊ ‘do’ ´Ææ’hçC. II
2) for action going on from then till now,
èπ◊çö«) column ™ ÖçúË verbs èπ◊ does ´Ææ’hçC.
(Å°æpöÀ†’ç* – É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æ†’-©èπ◊)

-v°æ-¨¡o: ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Being, Been °æü∆©’ passive voice ™ é¬èπ◊çú≈ Éçé¬
à Nüµ¿çí¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√ßÁ÷ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Öü∆: éÀçC ¢√é¬u-™-x
¶µ«¢√Eo ûÁ©-°æ-ö«-EéÀ ؈’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-*† Been, Being °æü∆©
v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ÆæJí¬_ ÖçüÓ, ™‰üÓ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
1. Being their faithful servant, finally he cheated them.
2. Being she is very intelligent, she succeeded in dealing the
situation.
3. Being it is one of the finest products of Wipro, today it is
known to every customer/ consumer.
4. Being she was disgraceful in public by him, she has decid-
ed not to talk Ravi from now on.
5. Been/ Being beaten by his master Ravi didnot come to
class today.
6. Been our companion for 6 months, she is not coming to us
as she has became a famous TV anchor today.
7. Miss Savithri Been practising the violin since 6 months,
now she has improved.
8. Been/ Being it was very hot sunny they didnot attend the
meeting yesterday.
– v¨»´ùÀ, †çü∆u©
Ééπ O’ sentences- -¢√-öÀéÀ corrections.
1) Being their faithful servant, he cheated them -
ÉC ûª°æ¤p. Å®Ωnç
™‰ü¿’. †´’t-éπ-¢Á’i† ÊÆ´-èπ◊-úø-´ôç ´©x ¢Á÷Ææç î˨»úø’– ÉC ûª°æ¤p éπü∆.
†´’t-éπ-¢Á’i† servant í¬ Öçô÷ØË – Åçõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’, Inspite of being
their faithful servant.... Åçõ‰ ÆæÈ®j-† Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
2) Being she is very intelligent - ÉC Wrong construction. Being
ï¢√•’: i) a) Being ÅØ√o having been ÅØ√o Å®Ωnç– Öçúøôç, ûÓ verb ÖçúË group of words ®√-´¤. (Ñ group ™ is ÅØË verb
Öçúøôç ´©x, ÖçúÕ-†ç-ü¿’-´©x (í∫ûªç™, ´·êuçí¬ having ÖçC éπü∆) – Ééπ\úø correction-
been ņo-°æ¤púø’). Öûªh been ®√ü¿’.
Being very intelligent, she succeeded....
b) being/ having been ûª®√yûª verb ûÓ Ö†o group of words ®√´¤.
3) Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈, °j sentence ™ ™«í¬ØË,
i) Being : We don’t like his being here
Being one of the finest products of Wipro, it is known today....
Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø Öçúøôç ´÷éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. (being = Öçúøôç) 4) Being disgraced in public by him, she has decided not to talk
ii) Having been: His having been a collector was helpful to us. to him.
(Åûªúø’ collector í¬ Öçúøôç ´÷èπ◊ ¢Ë’©-®·uçC– í∫ûªç™) Ñ 5) Having been beaten by his master, Ravi did not come to class
È®çúø’ sentences ™ being Åçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’ Öçúøôç, Having been today. action past
-Ééπ\-úø having been
é¬-•-öÀd, Being -´Ææ’hç-C.
Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ Öçúøôç ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC éπü∆? beaten ®√-ü¿’.
Being / Having been = Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x / Å®·†çü¿’´©x 6) Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈, though / inspite of ¢√ú≈L.
a) Being weak, he is unable to walk Inspite of having been our companian for 6 months, she ....
•©-£‘«-†çí¬ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x, †úø-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. today. (
Öûªh ‘been’ ®√ü¿’)
b) Having been weak, he was unable to walk 7) Having been practising the violin for the past six months,...
•©-£‘«-†çí¬ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x †úø-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ (í∫ûªç). 8) It being a hot / sunny day.....

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 20 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
Sravan: Hi Bhavan, when do you start for your
II (b) ™ èπÿú≈ The boys (they) are coming ™
class?
verb - are + coming - are + ...ing. D†®Ωnç ¢√∞¡Ÿx
class
(O’ èπ◊ †’´¤y á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-û√´¤?)
Bhavan: Usually at 10. Today I am a little late.
É°æ¤úø’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o action
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ 10 éÀ. É¢√∞¡ é¬Ææh Ç©Ææuç †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.
Åߪ÷u) Å™«Íí Hemanth is playing cricket - DØÓx verb
is playing - is + ...ing É°æ¤púø’ Çúø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ÅE
Sravan: And when does the class begin?
(Class ´÷´‚-©’í¬ á°æ¤púø’ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-´¤- É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o action †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC.
ûª’çC?) 鬕öÀd am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing - they talk
Bhavan: Usually at 10.30. about actions going on now.
Ñ am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing forms of verb
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ 10.30 éÀ) a) I am leaving for Guntur tomorrow PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING
Sravan: Perhaps you donot have the class on - present continuous tense.
Sundays. Are you coming? - verb, are coming - †’´¤y
؈’ Í®°æ¤ í∫’çô÷®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’. Pavan: †’Oy ´’üµ¿u ¨¡çûª-Ø˛-ØË-´’Ø√o éπL-¨»¢√?
(Tomorrow, future (´·çü¿’ ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓç-ü¿E) Suman:
(Sunday classes ™‰¢Ë¢Á÷ éπü∆?) ´Ææ’h-Ø√o¢√ (É°æ¤púø’)? á°æ¤púÓ ¢√®Ωç-éÀçü¿ éπE-°œç-î√úø’.
Pavan:
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC éπü∆?)
Bhavan: That’s true. The teacher does not hold b) My sister is coming here next week
¢√úø’ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ ¢Á∞Ïx N≠æߪ’ç FûÓ à´’Ø√o
classes on Saturday either. Ééπ\úønext week ÅEtime is com-
îÁ°æpôç ´©x,
îÁ§ƒpú≈ Ç®ÓV?
teacher Suman: ¢√úø’ next monday •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
(Eï¢Ë’. ´÷ ¨¡E-¢√-®√©’ èπÿú≈ ing èπÿú≈future action †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC. Pavan: ¢√úø’ Ø√èπ◊ éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-î √aúø’. ¢√öÀE AJ-
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
classes °ôd®Ω’) c) My Parents (they) are starting for Kasi tomor-
Sravan: Does he teach only for five days a 115 row
TîËaߪ÷©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ¢√úø’ ††’o ¢√®Ωçí¬
week? éπ©-´-™‰ü¿’.
Suman: Åûª†’ EFo-®ÓV éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«.
Pavan: FÈ陫 ûÁ©’Ææ’?

When does the class begin? Suman: ¢√®Ωç éÀçü¿ éπL-¨»†’ éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ Ø√ûÓ
ÅØ√oúø’.
ANSWER
Pavan: Have you met Santhan recently/ of
late?
(Åçõ‰ Çߪ’† Who is singing? - verb, is singing - á´®Ω’ §ƒúø’- Tomorrow ÅE time îÁ°æpôç, are coming èπÿú≈ Suman: I saw him about a week ago
¢√®√-EéÀ 5 ®ÓV-
ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ (É°æ¤púø’)? future action†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓç-ü¿E Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûª’çC. Pavan: Did he tell you/ talk to you that day
™‰Ø√ class
Am I talking toomuch - verb - am talking - am u éÌEo verbs †’ am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing about his going to the US
îÁÊ°pC?) form ™ ¢√úøç éπü∆: ÅN a) ´’†-Ææ’èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-
+ ing - Suman: He is leaving next monday.
Bhavan: Yes, we like it áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oØ√ (É°æ¤púø’)?
that way too. u am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing, future (´·çü¿’ *† love, hate, like, dislike, feel ™«çöÀN b) ´’† Pavan: He has given me some books. I want
actions
ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’) èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç, time mind èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† know, understand, to return them. He hasn’t (has not) met
(´÷èπÿ ÅüË É≠ædç) remember, forget, think ™«çöÀN; c) appear,
Look at the following M. SURESAN í∫†éπ îÁÊ°h. me for a week.
belong, comprise, contain, consist of, need, Suman: I think he is meeting/ is seeing/ will see
sentences from the dialogue above. Åçõ‰ Past action, time known (í∫ûªç™ ïJT à
seem am + ing/ is
™«çöÀN. OöÀ™x ¢ËöÀéÀ èπÿú≈ you today.
1) When do you start for college? time™ – °∂晫Ø√ ®ÓW, Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç, Æ洒ߪ’ç
+ ing/ are + ing forms ™‰´¤. Pavan: How do you know?
2) When does the class begin? ûÁLÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Å™«çöÀ actionsèπ◊) Past
3) You do not have classes on Sundays. u have + past participle/ has + participle Suman: I met him a week ago, didn’t I? He told
doing word ¢√úøû√ç
4) The teacher does not hold classes. form- DEo present perfect Åçö«ç. me then.
a) He has gone out (has gone- has + pp; •ßª’-öÀ-
past action, time not stat-
Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ
5) Does he teach only for 5 days a week? Èé-∞«xúø’– No time mentioned) DEéÀ äéπ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç,
lesson I Regular Doing edéπü∆?
éÀçü¿öÀ ™ ´’†ç– b) He went out an hour ago (í∫çô éÀçü¿ô ÅE
Words (come, go, sing I, we, you and a) They have seen the movie (verb - have seen
™«çöÀN, time îÁ°æ¤ hØ√oç 鬕öÀd - went - past doing word. Suneetha gave the book to me.
they ûÓ ¢√úËN), II Regular Doing Words
a) I have bought the book
- have + pp movie
¢√∞¡Ÿx îª÷¨»®Ω’– á°æ¤p-úø-ØËC (Ææ’Fûª Ø√ π◊ °æ¤Ææhéπç É*açC)
(comes, goes, sings ™«çöÀN, he, she, it ûÓ ûÁLߪ’ôç ™‰ü¿’)
b) I bought it yesterday sentences ¢ËÍ® subjects, ¢ËÍ® verbs ûÓ
¢√úËN) í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. OöÀE regular They saw the movie yesterday É™«çöÀ
[ (a) ™ time ™‰ü¿’ – 鬕öÀd have bought - have verb saw - past question not ûÓ, dialogue form ™ áEo
actions-véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí °æ†’-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. (¢√∞¡Ÿx E†o îª÷¨»®Ω’– ÉC ™,
not
Éçé¬ OöÀE ûÓ, question I
™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ + PP. (b) ™ yesterday ÅE time îÁ°æ¤ hØ√oç, doing word. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo simple past tense ®√ߪ’-í∫-©’-í∫’-û√®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.
Regular Doing Word (I RDW) - do + Ist RDW 鬕öÀd - bought - past doing word] Åçö«ç) eg: a) They distribute sweets to children
Å´¤-ûª’çC, II Regular Doing Word (II RDW) - Past doing word - came, went, walked, b) I saw him last night X I did not see him last b) Harish did not show his book to me
does + Ist RDW Å´¤-ûª’çC. cooked, liked, loved
™«çöÀN not ûÓ é¬F, ques- night (not ÖçC 鬕öÀddid see) c) Does he tell his secrets to you?
É¢Ë Â°j conversation ™pick up sen-
îËÆœ† tion ™ é¬E did + 1st Regular Doing Word c) They bought a car a year ago X They did not Raghu: Has he written any letter to you?
tences ™ ÖØ√o®· îª÷úøçúÕ: Å´¤-û√®· éπü∆? buy a car a year ago. (not did
ÖçC 鬕öÀd Ramana: I wrote one to him yesterday.
1) When do you start? - verb - do start a) He came yesterday X He did not come yes- buy) Raghu: He made a call to me yesterday. He
(Question start (in a statement)
鬕öÀd) = terday (Not ÖçC 鬕öÀd did come) Questions did + 1st RDW:
™ èπÿú≈ gave his address to me. Do you want
2) When does the class begin? - verb - does Did you see him last night? it?
Question: Did he come yesterday? (Question-
begin (in a question) = begins (statement ™) Did they buy a car a year ago? Ramana: Give it to me.
did come)
3) You do not have classes on Sundays - verb -
do have (not have (not
-v°æ-¨¡o: -v°æ-¨¡o: ؈’ ûÁ©’í∫’ O’úÕߪ’ç Nü∆u-JnE-E. 鬙¸ ÂÆçô®˝
ûÓ) = ™‰éπ-§ÚûË)
4) The teacher does not hold classes - verb - Where we have to use ‘to’
does hold (not holds (not
ûÓ) = ™‰èπ◊çú≈) 1. I) Naveen told Ramana. II) Naveen told to ÖüÓuí∫ç îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. éπÈ®-é˙dí¬
5) Does he teach only for ... ? - verb - does Ramana. Which is correct ? English spell îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ Pronunciation
teach (question teaches (statement
鬕öÀd) = ™) 2. I) After the meeting, please come to me. Audio Casettes , Foreign Accent èπ◊ Ææç•ç-
II Compare the following pairs of sentences: II) After the meeting, please come me. Cµç* Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË cassettes í∫’Jç* ûÁ-L-ߪ’-
3) None of the sentences is correct. The correct
(compare = pairs = 3. I) If you have two pens please give me. -ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. •’é˙q à¢Á’iØ√ ´÷È®\öx -Öç-ö«ßª÷?
– Èé.--´’-ߪ‚-J, é¬--@Ê°-ô
§Ú©açúÕ, ïûª©’) sentence is:
I (a) I go to college at 10 II) If you have two pens please give to me.
b) I am going to college Which is correct?
If you have two pens, please give me one/
please give one to me.
-ï-¢√-•’:
II (a) The boys come here in the evenings Please tell me proper usage of ‘to’. General- 1) Pronunciation Audio Casettes, CIEFL
The uses of to: It has a number of uses. We
b) The boys are coming. ly we use ‘off’ as switch off, Turn off, power (Central Institute of English and Foreign
use ‘to’ before a place, a person, after a num- Languages) Casettes
III (a) Hemanth plays cricket off like that in order to stop some thing. In ¢√∞¡x O’èπ◊°æßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-
b) Hemanth is playing ber of verbs. Please refer to the earlier lessons book shops
your article you had told that ‘how did the û√®·. °ü¿l ™ üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·.
of spoken English on prepositions, for the cor- BBC, CNN TV Channels
°j sentences (I (a), II (a), III (a)) verbs, I
™ marriage go off’. Tell me the usage of ‘off’ ´·êuçí¬
RDW and II RDW éπü∆? Åçõ‰ ÅN regular also. – ®Ω-´’-ù, -ߪ÷-Ø√ç rect uses of to, off, etc. Newscasts N†çúÕ.
actions †’ îÁ§ƒh®·. -ï-¢√-•’: 1) Naveen told Ramana is correct. ‘Tell’ ‘How did the marriage go off?’ In this sentence 2) Books N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh Oxford/ Langman’s
I (b) verb - am going - am + ...ing -
™ ÉC col- is not followed by to. ‘go off’ is a phrasal verb, and ‘off’ is a part of it. Dictionary pronunciation follow Å´çúÕ–
lege ‘Go off’- the set of words here, as a whole British/ American-
2) Please come to me - is correct, come is
èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o†’, ÅE É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o ¢√öÀ™ x È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩
action means, ‘take place’. Pronunciation É≤ƒh®Ω’.
†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. followed by to before a place/ person.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm