Chapter-1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background:
Now-a-days, travel and tourism is one of the most significant phenomena of the world. During the last three and half decade tourism has become the most important factor contributing to the development from the economic, social, political and cultural view. As a result, we have found that tourism development has become a vital important factor to the Bangladeshs national economy. Tourism offers employment to a considerable number of people, and also use as a tool for a regional development. It has great indirect benefit to agriculture, fisheries, the construction sector, the manufacturing sector as well. The growing demand for more facilities, infrastructure and superstructure, national tourism organisational Structure, Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation B. P .C (2000) has to take necessary steps with the collaboration of private and voluntary sectors to develop the area. With proper planning and full utilisation of its resources and by preparing a well trained workforce to meet the future demand of tourism of both domestic and international. In Bangladesh, the supply of raw materials for constructions and food and beverage one plentiful and in very cheap rate. So, we could see that there is a great potentiality for Bangladesh to earn foreign currency in this particular field and achieve its objectives to become a major tourism destination. What we need to do now is full utilisation of our resources by appropriate planning process which could be earn not necessarily to promote mass tourism but with the promotion and development of sustainable tourism which really cares about the local communities tradition and cultural

heritage. We would like to introduce such tourism in Bangladesh. For its convenient location in the central part of south Asia where more than one billion people lives, Bangladesh has great potentiality to attract more business travellers and could become a regional business centre. (BANGLADESH TOURIST HANDBOOK, Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, National Tourism Organization, 2003).

For rapid development of the tourism sector, the government announced a National Tourism Policy in 1992 and a National Tourism Council has been formed with the Prime Minister as its Chairperson. The policy acts as a guideline for the overall development of the tourism industry in the country. With the compliance of the guidelines set out in the policy, it is expected that a congenial atmosphere for investment in tourism will be created so that the public and private sectors could play their respective roles for its promotion, earning of foreign exchange and creation of job opportunities.

A strategic Master Plan has also been formulated by the World Tourism Organization with the assistance of UNDP for integrated development of tourism in the country. Steps have been taken to develop tourism infrastructure in phases as per the recommendations of the Master Plan which include creation of tourist facilities at various places. Besides, a few other proposals have been sent to the government for inclusion in the next Annual Development Program. (B.P.C.2003).

In order to take share in this expanding competitive market of tourism, Bangladesh must take steps, which will enable it to become an attractive tourism

destination (Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation (1999), Bangladesh Tourist Hand Book Dhaka, Bangladesh). Therefore, the prime purpose of this study is to formulate some methods for developing country Bangladesh to become a major tourist destination. Thats why in this project I have tried to identify the planning process for tourism development in Bangladesh.

1.2. Hypothesis Aim and Objectives:

The aim of this research is to gain the tourists attractions and find out the tourists needs and wants to use in tourism development which will help to the hospitality industry in Bangladesh. Through out the research, it has also been tried to assess the problems of the hospitality industry in Bangladesh with respect to reach in its targets.

For the achievement of this research aim; the objectives are: -H.1. The development of Tourism is becoming extremely important to the economic, social and Cultural growth of Bangladesh. The above hypothesis has been developed to discover the importance of development of tourism for the country in relation to receive greater benefits on the economy, improve social life of the country. H.2. The improvement of tourist destinations, products and services of the Country has extremely large opportunity to increase tourists to the country. The above hypothesises have been developed to identify the importance and the best way of developing tourist products, that can help country to seize its tourism and also support to survive while competing with the other nearest tourist destinations.

Aim and Objectives: -- Based on those two hypotheses; the objectives of this project are: -

To analyze the current situation of the tourism industry in Bangladesh. To ascertain whether Bangladesh has the potential and whether may not the necessary characteristics to attract tourist in the country.

To identify the importance of improve destinations, tourist products in order to increase countrys tourism.

To suggest the action plan to improve the tourism industry.

A comparative analysis of secondary data relating to trekking tourism in this region is used to draw out the issues that are important to sustainable development in Bangladeshs mountain, coastal and resort regions. These issues are put together to form the terms of reference for the primary research. The findings of the primary research are based on a series of in-depth interviews with four individuals who are involved in the development of tourism in Upper Mustang (Internet).

1.3. Limitation of the study:

The limitation of the research is that the author will follow the secondary data collection methods. As a secondary data are books related to Bangladesh tourism industry, culture and sites of attractions. Bangladesh tourism organization, annual reports on number of tourists arrival, their spending, recent development and further development process will be included. Another limitation is that the author needs to visit

Bangladesh once to finish the project but its not possible to go Bangladesh because the project will take place to finish in Cyprus. In this situation the author will collect information from Internet. Distance and lack of time is also the limitation for this project. Moreover, the statistical datas are obtained from the Bangladesh Tourism Corporation (B.T.C) which is very old and was not containing sufficient necessary information of the particular aspect that I intend to analyze in this research.

1.4. Target Group:

This research mainly targets the Bangladesh Porjotan Corporation (B.P.C) and the Government of the Peoples republic of Bangladesh. First, this research has targeted different levels of College and Universities students who need to plan to develop tourism industry for any country. They will learn how to set up the things to attract the travelers who come to a country for their holidays. By this research they will be able to know how the tourism industry is playing an important role for any countries economy. By this research, may be the Bangladesh tourism board can take some strategic plan to develop their tourism industry. Second, Sustainable tourism development. Therefore, it must be based on the rational use of natural resources so as not to destroy the environment which is sought after by the tourists (destruction that is often caused by mass tourism). Tourism cooperatives, whether cooperatively-owned travel agencies, developers, or tour operators, aim to provide adequate low cost tourist opportunities to cooperative members. However, tourism cooperatives can be influenced by members to make sustainable development and the high priorities of the environmental issues", (Cooperative Agenda-21, ICA).

Social and economic development of target communities and members of the cooperatives is our focus, Promoting environmentally safe tourism, Involving members in tourist activities, Promoting Eco-tourism in the target area, Collaborating with International and local level NGOS in the sustainable tourism development.

Chapter-2
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LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is a summary of past research that is related to the main concept of this thesis. In this part, a detailed literature review will be presented. We researched many books, reports, periodicals, and researches related to the hypothesis of the project and selected carefully several articles based on which our research will be done. The following are these articles: (A) Definition of Tourism (Bangladesh Porjaton Corporation; BPC). (B) Lack of Distinctiveness---Image (BTO. Development of a Ling Term Strategy for Bangladesh tourism Final Report) (C) Transportation (Copper, Fletcher, Gilbert, Shepherd, and Wanhill. Tourism Principles and practice) Tourism is often difficult to be defined, because it is a complex concept. And it is often defined by one perspective rather than an array of viewpoints. In the article Definition of Tourism, it is said that Tourism is often defined in terms of a travel experience rather than by the nature of the activity of tourism itself. Here, travel experience is emphasized in terms of tourism. It is necessary to consider a tourist as a consumer. For a consumer, visiting a destination is an experience. Once he or she decides to visit a destination, that means he or she buys a product that is intangible. The quality of such a product becomes very important. It will directly influence the satisfaction degree of a consumers experience. (http://www.Statistic/bangladesh tourism.com. ) The intangible product we mentioned here is the tourism product, which can be defined as the resource and creative facilities of a destination combined to produce an

amalgam of activities and functions. Tourism products are delivered to tourists through the sensations of sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. When tourists come to Bangladesh, they will experience the different sensations, which will form perceptions of tourists. By these perceptions, tourists can judge if their expectations are met. If they are satisfied with the product that they bought, they will possibly buy it again and again; in that case, repeat visits or business will occur. How to make a tourist satisfied? Improving the quality of tourism products become very important. The article Lack of Distinctiveness-Image, it is pointed out with respect to developing distinctiveness in the Bangladesh product we believe that history and culture provide the means by which a clear and separate identity can be established. When Bangladesh as a tourist destination is talked about, sun and sea will appear in most foreigners mind. This means the image of Bangladesh is only limited in a very narrow range. The cultural dimension of tourism is inseparably associated with Bangladesh. However, the impression persists that this fundamental resource is not being treated appropriately, with particular reference to its intrinsic and unique historic cultural heritage. Bangladesh has rich enclaves of cultural vitality, past and present, which could benefit from the dialogue generated by tourism, in terms of improvement and diffusion. It is important to realize that culture tourism is not limited to the historical-artistic heritage, but also includes popular cultures, artistic production and some contemporary architecture. Culture is an important core the theme in the development of the tourist product. It includes the human factor, as well, upon which the identity and uniqueness of the destination is dependant. The culture of Bangladesh is reflected in the music, art,

theatre, literature, history, architecture, archaeology, museums, monuments, festivals, exhibitions, and interpretative facilities of Bangladesh. Culture makes a destination different and interesting. It is clear that Bangladesh has the capacity to provide a rewarding and satisfying cultural experience for a wide range of tourists, at present, this potential is not being realized, largely because of a failure in presentation. The presentation of the culture must be approached by tourism planners with the greatest sensitivity. (www.discovery bangladesh.com.)

Transportation for tourism is an essential element of the tourist product. Increasingly, when transport is viewed as part of leisure, the journey is at least as important as the destination itself. The article Transportation indicates that Tourism is about being elsewhere and, in consequence, the relationship between transportation and tourism development has traditionally been regarded as chicken and egg. Adequate transportation infrastructure and access to generating markets is one of the most important prerequisites for the development of any destination. (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert, Shepherd, and Wanhill .1998. Tourism Principles and Practice).

2.1. Sustainable Tourism in Bangladesh.

Many tourists visit Bangladesh for its unique natural and cultural resources. In 2003 over 363000 tourists visited the country, they spent more than 117 mill. US$ from which half was generated by trekking tourists. But less then 1% of the tourism generated revenue reaches to the rural areas where tourism belongs. More than 90% people and most of the tourists attractions are in rural areas of Bangladesh .Therefore tourism can be of help to rural people benefiting them economically and socially.
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WTO defines "sustainable tourism development meets the needs of the present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support system."(World tourism Organisation (1996), World Travel Guide Columbia press, U.S.A.). Sustainable tourism is based on the unique characters of natural, cultural and social environments and interests of certain groups of tourists in these environments. The activities initiated in natural environment in the project area. Planners of sustainable tourism development should aim for improving the environmental situations of the project areas and minimizing negative impacts on natural, cultural and social environments.

At the moment Bangladesh capacity to benefit fully from the socio-economic opportunities of tourism is optimum. To promote the sustainable tourism the distribution of tourism earnings within tourism sites in the country must not be neglected.

After the establishment of Bangladesh Tourism Board (BTB) as a National Tourism Organization is promoting and networking different non-governmental (Local & International) and private sector organizations which are working for sustainable tourism development. For example IUCN-World Conservation Union, SNV-Netherlands Development Organization, WWF and ICIMOD- International Center for Integrated

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Mountain Development are deeply involved in the development of sustainable tourism in the different part of the country.

At present two networks namely "Sustainable Tourism Network" STN; and "Ecotourism in Protected Areas Network" ETPAN are promoting sustainable tourism in Bangladesh. Under these networks- there we around 50 enterprises are active in their mission

2.2. A framework for successful tourism in Bangladesh.

The comparison of the relative success and failures of tourism and environmental management in Dhaka National Park and the Annapurna Conservation Area Project has demonstrated that tourism, development and conservation can have a symbiotic relationship. However, this can only be achieved if there is a holistic approach that recognizes the joint needs of all stakeholders. From the preceding discussion of the management of tourism and the environment in the Dhaka and the Annapurna regions, it is suggested that there are a number of key considerations that together comprise the holistic approach to tourism development and environmental management that is needed in Bangladesh s mountain regions. These considerations are:

2.3 Planning for tourism:

Tourism development in fragile environments must be part of a planned strategy for overall development. According to the WTO, "planning tourism at all
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levels is essential for achieving successful tourism development and management," (WTO, 1994, p.3). Furthermore, the importance of tourism planning as a conservation and sustainable development technique was expressed in a World Tourism Organization.

Participatory and local needs:

As part of this development strategy, the needs of local people must be addressed first and they must be involved from the outset. It is generally believed that participation helps local people to identify problems and become involved in decision making and implementation of projects that affect their way of life, all of which contribute to sustainable development (Nelson and Wright, 1995; Slocum and Thomas-Slayter, 1995, cited in France, 1997; Inskeep, 1991).

Definition of stakeholder roles:

There must be a clear understanding from the outset about the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders and co-ordination between them.

A tourism infrastructure:
If tourism is to be part of a local development plan, an appropriate infrastructure must be installed that will benefit tourists and locals alike.

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Sustainable use of resources: Tourism should not increase pressure on local resources. In addition, alternative sources of energy should ideally be used to supply the energy needs of the local community.

Education and training:

Education for the resident population is fundamental to the success or failure of tourism development and conservation. Ceballos-Lascurain (1996) suggests that education and training in relation to tourism and the environment can be used to improve skills, develop understanding, increase motivation and teach the effective use and management of resources. Sharma (2003) suggests that training and manpower development forms a major contribution towards realizing the benefits of tourism and serves to build bridges and instill confidence among communities and development organizations

2.4 Funding for development and conservation:

An appropriate level of tourism receipts must be made available to finance environmental management and conservation at the same time as ensuring an overall improvement in the living standards of the local community.

2.3. Agro Tourism.

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The Development of Agro tourism in Bangladesh. A new chapter in Bangladesh Tourism is the Program for the Development of Agro tourism/Rural tourism in Bangladesh. This Program, as designed and launched by the Bangladesh Tourism Organization, encourages the conversion of traditional houses in the picturesque villages of the hinterland, for tourist use (accommodation establishments, taverns, restaurants, cultural centers, handicraft centers etc). A significant number of traditional houses have already been converted into accommodation establishments in accordance with the relevant Regulations under the Hotels Law further to Town and Planning approval and Building Permit and received their classification and operation license from the (B.T.O).

River tourism:
River tourism will capitalize on many rivers and waterways and can provide good access to various points of interests. River cruising on big steamers, ferries can be an arranged big river, which has very beautiful scenery by the river sides. In several important cities along the river side food and lodging facilities must be developed up to international standard where tourists can stay and eat if the cruise is more than one day.

2.4. Implementing Strategy.

The successful bid for hospitality contracts at the racecourse has implications for effective management strategies to be in place to support the new operations. Tourism development in fragile environments must be part of a planned strategy for overall

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development. According to the planning of tourism at all levels is essential for achieving successful tourism. (a) An overview of the implications of the new initiative for marketing, human resource management, financial control and the use of new technology to support operations. (b) A plan for two of these areas, showing what they would need to put in place to successfully support the introduction of the new contract catering business for hospitality tents. (c) A monitoring plan for each of these two areas to show how the success of each can be evaluated and what further developments or improvements could be introduced in the future.

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Chapter-3 Research methodologies: 3.1 Introduction: -Research is the study and finding problems as well as solutions that
are generally an organic process, which is continuous and changing. The purpose of this study is to produce an effective senior research project as part of the BA, in hospitality management. The purpose of this study is also to identify the need for development of the tourism and how does it effect in the Bangladesh hospitality industry. In addition, this will promote strong future growth and diversification in the Bangladesh tourism industry. The objectives of the research are - To analyze the current situation of the tourism industry in Bangladesh. To ascertain whether Bangladesh has the potential and necessary characteristics to attract tourist to the country. To identify the importance of improve destinations, tourist products in order to increase country tourism. To suggest action plan to improve the tourism industry. A comparative analysis of secondary data relating to tricking tourism in these two regions is used to draw out the issues that are important to tourism development and sustainable development in Bangladesh.

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3.2 Primary Research Methods and Data Collection:Although the secondary research method has been worked out through out the research; Inspite the primary research did not worked out through this research but I am going to discus a little bit about it. Primary research (Qualitative research) involves the collection of original data using an accepted research methodology. Primary data are data originated by the researcher for the specific purpose of addressing the research problem (Malhotra, 1993). The process of collecting primary data is individual tailored, the cost is high, and the collecting time is long. Since the thesis sought to explore the current situation in Cyprus in terms of tourism development, the primary information obtained was quantitative. The quantitative approach to research involves statistical analysis. It relies on numerical evidence to draw conclusions or to test hypotheses (Veal, 1992). However, through this research, the primary research methods did not used. The reasons for not using this kind of research methods are as follows -

Time consuming: Since I am student in the foreign life and I am doing this research as to Bangladesh for which it has become impossible to collect all the in the information, thats why it could difficult to do the primary research for this thesis research purposes.

Expensive: Doing primary research is usually cost effective and thats why it has also been become difficult for doing the primary research methods purposes.

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Lack of seasonality: It could also become difficult to do the primary research because of the lack of seasonality of tourists arrivals in Bangladesh.

Transportations unavailability: If I did the primary research then it could become difficult to complete the research because of the lack of transportation in Bangladesh.

3.3 Secondary Data Collection:As Churchill (1992) mentioned, first attempts at data collection should logically focus on secondary data. Secondary data are statistics/information not gathered for the immediate study at hand but for other purposes (Churchill, 1992; Malhorta, 1993). Secondary data are easily accessible, relatively inexpensive, and quickly obtained (Clark ET. Al. 1998; Veal, 1991). On the other hand, because secondary data have been collected for other than the study at hand, their usefulness to the current situation may be limited in many important ways, including relevancy and accuracy. Using secondary data could help the researcher to explain primary data more insightfully (Bryman, 2001, Malhotra, 1993). For this quantitative thesis purpose, secondary data such as the annual reports of Bangladesh Tourism Organization (BTO), the strategic plan for tourism 2015, general texts on tourism and marketing, tourism, hospitality and leisure journals, the Internet and newspapers, book magazines and other publication, magazines, personal experience and knowledge being a students of hospitality management and living in a tourist island to get the necessary information which is more than other sources of information.

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Taking interview or doing any other primary researches is costly and time consuming. So we rule on secondary research. Although I know if I have done primary research in Bangladesh this would help us to draw a perfect picture of Bangladesh tourism. But we are living far from the country what made it impossible to do such a research. For getting information we depended of different sources of Internet, books, magazines and other publication.

3.6 Data Analysis Method:The mainly secondary data, I will use to analyze this research. The secondary information for this research will be collected from the relevant books, journals, magazines, articles; statistic datas from the BTO etc. This informations are very latest study on the tourism and has been examined by many researchers and it is always contains different ideas of development aspects.

Chapter-4
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THE AREA OF MY STUDY:

4.1. Introduction: -After undertaking enormous research activities and using available Internet resources as well as existing publications related to the context of the project paper, it has been found that few people and organizations has actually done many studies concerning the development of Tourism industry in Bangladesh. However, there had been a number of publications by several hospitality and travel-related magazines and journals with some comments and recommendations for the travellers that are looking forward to visit major Bangladeshi cities. While most of the reviewed periodicals were originally published for informative purposes with the figures often related to the specific subject (different hotel evaluations or news releases covering Tourism hospitality industry events in Bangladesh), nevertheless, the information gathered from those sources was used to support some ideas as well as to create a better illustration and impartial assessment of hospitality environment and Tourism development activities. It was found that few people and organizations had actually done many studies concerning the development of Tourism industry market in Bangladesh. However, there had been a number of publications by several hospitality and travel-related magazines and journals with some comments and recommendations for the travellers that are looking forward to visit the major cities in Bangladesh. We believe that history and culture provide the means by which a clear and separate identity can be established, when Bangladesh is a tourist destination imagine, Bangladesh Poets Golden Bengal. The musical name evokes thoughts of meandering rivers, lush green countryside, worlds

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longest unbroken sea beach, single largest tea garden in the world, colourful tribal life, remains of ancient civilisations and worlds largest man grove forest - the home of Royal Bengal Tiger. Tourism in Bangladesh is at a critical turning point of its development. Thus far, Bangladesh has allowed mass tourism to develop with little regard to planning and long term sustainable development. (SALEH, A. (2003), The Daily Star, September 27, Dhaka, Bangladesh.)

Beside those objectives, I would try to investigate the strength and weakness of Bangladesh as tourist destination and we will use future trends and demands of tourists to shape the region not only for a particular market segment but also for all kinds of tourist markets. For example pleasure travellers, business travellers and special interest tourists. Being a developing country, Bangladesh has its own attraction and has a great potentiality like any other developing countries around a world to become a major tourist destination. I believe that Bangladesh could offer and serve all kinds of services to its potential guests for an enjoyable and memorable holiday and satisfying them by fulfilling their deepest desire and needs. I will also investigate the economical, social, cultural and environmental impact on the proposed destination and the role and responsibility of public, private and voluntary sectors in the development process to improve the infrastructure, superstructure and different facilities and services to serve those particular market segments.

4.2. Bangladesh as a tourism destination: --

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Bangladesh Poets Golden Bengal. The musical name evokes thoughts of meandering rivers, lush green countryside, worlds longest unbroken silver sea beach, single largest tea garden in the world, colourful tribal life, archaeological remains, historical monument, folk love, cultural heritage and handicrafts, remains of ancient civilisations and worlds largest man grove forest - the home of Royal Bengal Tiger. Bangladesh is located in South Asia within the eastern part of India. The country contains somewhat more than125 million people; most of them live in densely settled rural and agricultural areas. The landscape of Bangladesh is dominated by the major river system that flow through the Jamuna, Padma and Meghna rivers. Most of the land is flat with some hills in the East and Northeast. The main city is the capital Dhaka in the central area. There are numerous towns scattered throughout the country. Tourism industry clearly involves a multidisciplinary approach. The attraction for tourists related to both natural and cultural features. There are major beaches at Coxs Bazaar and the Teknaf Peninsula at Coxs Bazaar. Cox's Bazaar itself has a lot to offer; such as the silvery sands, towering cliffs, surfing waves, rare conch shells, colorful pagodas, Buddhist temples, variety of tribes, early morning fish market, etc. (Bangladesh, Community development journal, 33 (3) pp. 236 248.) The countrys historical heritage reflects various cultural influences. Dhaka contains a number of buildings from the Mogal and British periods, and has national museum. A major historic place in Dhaka has recently been restored and will be available for tourist use. Near Dhaka, a major historic town heritage site has been developed. The popular culture of Bengali songs and dances, religions festivals, rats crafts and cuisine are all of considerable tourist interest.

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4.3. Potential of Bangladesh tourism: Increasing population and disposable income, changing lifestyle and growing demand for leisure and recreational facilities for the local residents and domestic and international tourists make it feasible that Bangladesh needs more attention in the aspects of infrastructure and superstructure and other facilities in excess of which it is currently offering to make the country as an ideal tourist destination. According to WTO statistics India holds pride place among international tourism destinations in south Asia with 2.3 million arrivals in 1996 almost 60% arrivals in this region(Ref: World tourism organization & Parjotan corporation, BPJC) . It is followed by Nepal, which recorded one-sixth of the arrivals in India. Pakistan comes third with 369 thousand arrivals with a double-digit growth followed by Maldives and Srilanka. Where as, Bangladesh received only 116 thousand arrivals among the total arrivals 3873 thousand in south Asian region and holds sixth position out of seven countries. International tourist arrivals Bangladesh receive most of its visitors from Asia and the pacific. Tourism is becoming a globally growing affluence and on increasing leisure to the Population of Bangladesh. It has led to the introduction of transport network; comfortable.

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(Map-1, Bangladesh Tourist Map)

Source: Bangladesh tourism organization (BPC) Statistics query result for Bangladesh tourism year (1993-2002)

Ten years statistics

200000 10 150000 100000 50000 0 1 2 3

9
use H.bed Arrival

8 7 6 5

Source; sesrtcic databases, national statistical publication and international statistical sources.

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4.4. Environmental Scanning of Bangladesh (PESTE analysis):

Analysis of the specific environment enables the organization to identify its strengths and weakness, exploit opportunities and take action to minimize the impact of threats. There are number of technique that can be used in conjunction with environmental analysis.

4.4.1 Political Dimension:

The country is officially known as parliamentary form government. The President is the head of the state. The government is headed by the Prime Minister Bangladesh maintains diplomatic relation with most developed and developing countries. 4.4.2 Economic Dimension: Economic prospects can be determined by reviewing a range of key indicators. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. Major agricultural products are rice, jute, wheat, potatoes, sugarcane, tea, and tobacco. The country is the biggest exporter in the world of jute and jute goods. Tea is also one of the major foreign exchange earners. There has also been a rapid growth in manufacturing industries, which offer a wide range of exportable goods such as leather goods and ready-made garments. (A) Gross Domestic product (G.D.P): The rate of growth of Bangladesh is US $ 000. (B)Foreign exchange rate: Taka (TK) is the unit of currency. The take is equal to 100 paisa. 1 US$ = 58 TK. (C) Labour market: One of the cheap labour markets in the world. For this reason the ready made garments factories are getting order from foreign countries and they are doing very well in this industries.

4.4.3 Socio-cultural Dimension:

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In Bangladesh the total population is more then 125 million in 2003. Bangladesh is simple, polite and courteous. They are very friendly and hospitable towards visitors. The state language and mother tongue is Bangle. English is also spoken and understood. English is a second language. Bangladesh is a land of religious freedom and tolerance. People of all caste, creed and religious live here in perfect harmony. (Bangladesh, Community development journal, 33 (3) pp. 267 288.). For entertainment there are many cinemas and theatres all over the country. Cultural shows are quiet frequently performed at several venues. Fairs and festivals have always played a significant role in the life of citizens. Classical forms of the subcontinent predominant in Bangladesh dance and music. .

4.4.4 Technological Dimension:

Technological advancement, innovation and application to hospitality and tourism operation are notable in the areas of communication, transportation, safety and security, food and nutrition, computer software and electronic and packaging. Comparatively Bangladesh is doing very well communication with the other countries. Communications with other countries internationally and domestically in Bangladesh one place to another place are by air, rail, ship, bus/coach service, rivers, post, telephone, fax and telegraph and internet and available everywhere including big hotels.

4.4.5 Ecological Dimension:

Bangladesh has a rich culture heritage which is evident from the vast number of ancient monuments and sites, castles and forts around the country. All of these have significant contribution to increase the tourism industry. The people of Bangladesh are not very aware of recycling, conservation and the quality of water and air. The

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government has to be more-strict about that and also make them alertness. All the industries are established and regulated according to the constitution by the government.

4.5 Some barriers of Bangladesh tourism development:

Political problem: Bangladesh is not politically stable. So anti government party always make problem with government in order to get power of the country and some time they call stick as a result transportation is closed and people have to move one place to other place by foot only. 1. Food and drinks:Limited availability of western food although the best hotels and restaurant have continental dishes and Dhaka has many good international restaurants. There are many local specialities, usually server with rice and based on chicken and lamb. Seafood is also recommending particularly prawns. 2. Drinks:Alcoholic drink is expensive and strict Muslim customs severely limit availability and drinking items, although there are so many legal bar, pub, leading hotels have bar which will serve alcohol; soft drinks and tea available. Night life:There are few club & disco in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshai etc Leading hotels have bars, but Western-style night club do not exist. Displays of local dance and music are occasionally to be seen, particularly during religious festival. Social conventions: Woman should not be specially photographed unless it is certain that there will be no objection. Woman should wear trousers or long skirts; revealing cloths should be

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avoided, particularly when visiting religious places. Dress is generally informal for man. There are certain changes in modern era.
3.

Photography:

In rural areas people are becoming more used to tourists; however permission should be requested before photographs are taken to of individuals. Military instructions are starkly forbidden to be taken photograph. Tipping: Most services expect a tip hotel; give 10% for restaurant stuff and 5% for taxi drivers. 4. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Bangladesh do not approach U.S standards, even in tourist areas. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S medical insurance is not always valid out sides the United States. Supplemental of the health insurance that specially covers oversees treatment and medical evacuation insurance that covers the high cost of emergency air evacuation to another country with better medical facilities may prove useful. Additional information on health problems can be obtained from the Centres for Disease control and preventions information travellers.
5.

Problem on crime:

Crime rates in Bangladesh have traditionally been low compared to those in others areas of the world. However crime in Dhaka and Chittagong is increasing, as are reports of crime involving weapons. Foreigners have not been especially targeted but could be scare for tourists. 9. Traffic safety and road Conditions:

The Bangladesh road network is in generally poor condition, in part, due to the difficulty of building and maintaining a transportation infrastructure across a vast river

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delta. The streets of Dhaka are congested, with hundreds of thousands of bicycle rickshaws competing with three wheeled taxis, cars, bus and trucks for limited road space. Because indicate roads are narrows and in poor condition, driving outside urban areas at night may be dangerous. http://www.bdonline.com.tourism.htm. 10. Natural problems:

Bangladesh has some natural problem which are the problem for developing it as a tourist country and this kind of natural problems are included too much rain in season, floods, cyclone, and tornado etc.

Chapter-5
FINDING AND DATA ANALYSIS
In this pert, I have analysis the main of objectives and the findings of the research.

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5.1 To analyze the Current situation of Tourism industry in Bangladesh: --

Bangladesh is located in South Asia within the close touch of the eastern part of India. The country contains somewhat more than130.3 million people B.P.C (1999), most of them live in densely settled rural and agricultural areas. The landscape of Bangladesh is dominated by the major river system that flow through the Jamuna, Padma and Meghna rivers. Most of the land is flat with some hills in the East and Northeast. The main city is the capital Dhaka in the central area. There are numerous towns scattered throughout the country. Tourism industry clearly involves a multidisciplinary approach. The attraction for tourists related to both natural and cultural features. There are major beaches at Coxs Bazaar and the Teknaf Peninsula at Coxs Bazaar. Cox's Bazar along has many thing to offer for tourism; such as the silvery sands, towering cliffs, surfing waves, rare conch shells, colorful pagodas, Buddhist temples, variety of tribes, early morning fish market, etc. There also the old wooden Buddhist temples at Ramu. Only five kilometres distance, Teknaf, which is the southernmost tip of the mainland of Bangladesh, is a memorable journey either Moheshkhali or Sonadia, the deltaic islands nestled among the gentle waves of the Bay of Bengal, will also be really interesting. (Internet search-1) The St. Martins Island is the only place in Bangladesh where people can observe living coral. The Rangamati and Chittagong hill Tracts, also in the East, offer scenic landscapes, indigenous tribal life and Lake Recreation. Also sylhet, Rajshai, Dinajpur, Khulna (where people can see sunrise and sunshine), million of tourist attraction and unpredictable beauties existed. Recently a park has established in Ashulia which has named fantasy

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world it also called Disney land of Asia B.P.C (1998). The attractions are confined in the area where people will find the ancient touch and natural beauty. Some interesting forests, tea plantations and birds life lie in the Sylhet district in the Northeast. The Sunder bans in the South contain vast mangrove and tidal forest with ample wildlife including the Bengal tigers and crocodiles. More generally, the extensive river system offers opportunities for developing reverie tourism. (Abbey J. R. (1996), Hospitality Sales & Advertising second edition, U.S.A). According to Leak, A and Yeoman I (1999).The countrys historical heritage reflects various cultural influences. Dhaka contains a number of buildings from the Mongol and British periods, and has national museum. A major historic palace in Dhaka has recently been restored and will be available for tourist use. Near Dhaka, a major historic town heritage site has been developed. The popular culture of Bengali songs and dances, religions festivals, rats crafts and cuisine are all of considerable tourist interest. Increasing population and also there disposable income, changing lifestyle and growing demand for leisure and recreational facilities for the local residents and domestic and international tourists make it feasible that Bangladesh needs more attention in the aspects of infrastructure and superstructure and other facilities in excess of which it is currently offering to make the country as an ideal tourist destination. According to WTO statistics; India holds pride place among international tourism destinations in south Asia with 2.3 million arrivals in 1996 almost 60% arrivals in this region (Ref: World tourism organization & Parjotan corporation, B.P.C (2000). It is followed by Nepal, which recorded one-sixth of the arrivals in India. Pakistan comes third with 369 thousand arrivals with a double-digit growth followed by Maldives and Srilanka. Where as,

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Bangladesh received only 116 thousand arrivals among the total arrivals 3873 thousand in south Asian region and holds sixth position out of seven countries. As for arrivals, India takes the lions share of tourism receipts in region recording US$ 3 billion receipts in 1996 or over 80 percent of the total south Asia. Maldives is second highest tourism earning destination in the region with US$ 265 million. Srilanka comes in the third position, followed by Pakistan and Nepal. Where as Bangladesh receipts only US$ 32 million and confirmed sixth position with only 1% of total market share among the south Asian countries. International tourist arrivals Bangladesh receive most of its visitors from Asia and the pacific. Nearly 40% of visitors are from India alone, with the rest of the Asian and Pacific countries. Accounting for an additional 22% of the visitors of countries outside the Asian and Pacific realm, the U.K. contributes the most visitors 5.09%. From all the visitors, some are pleasure travellers. Some are business travellers and others come to visit friends and relatives. Dhaka is the main destination for business tourists and some other kinds of tourists. In recent statistic 1999 Tourism increased in most countries in this region, resulting in an increase of 8.3 per cent over the previous years results. India registered an increase of 5.2 percent, while arrivals in the Islamic Republic of Iran rose by 16.5 per cent, in Sri Lanka by14.4 per cent, in Maldives by 8.6 per cent and Bangladesh 10.3 per cent increased, in the year 2000 Bangladesh showed a record high performance in international tourists receipts. According to B.P.C (2002) reports, Bangladesh received 200,000 which represent an increase of 15.6 per cent over 1999 with an average annual growth between 1995 and 2000 of 5.1 per cent. From this statistic, it is easily forecasted that tourist arrivals will increase in Bangladesh dramatically in the near future because South Asia region is the second fasted growing tourism region of the

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world 60th for tourists arrivals and tourist receipts. So, Bangladesh as a destination can be success on tourism business with the world. Tourism is becoming a globally growing affluence and on increasing leisure to the population of Bangladesh. It has led to the introduction of transport network; comfortable and comparatively cheap air transport systems, the use of automobiles and the development of other means of transport and infrastructure facilities are primarily linked for the increase in the tourist trade. According to B.P.C (1998) the transportations and the superstructures of the country increased in greater portion and there main emphasize is given on the tourism increase of the country.
(http://www.Statistic/bangladesh

tourism.com. )

5.2. Ascertain whether Bangladesh has the potential and necessary characteristics to attract tourist to the country: -In Bangladesh the total population is about 130.3 million in 2001. Bangladesh is simple, polite and courteous. People of Bangladesh are very friendly and hospitable towards visitors. The state language is Bangla. English is also spoken and understood. English is a second language. Bangladesh is a land of religious freedom and tolerance. People of all caste, creed and religious live here in perfect harmony. For entertainment there are many cinemas and theatres all over the country. Cultural shows are quiet frequently performed at several venues. Fairs and festivals have always played a significant role in the life of citizens. Classical forms of the sub-continent predominant in Bangladesh dance and music. Among from all the population 39% are in 0-14 years, 58% are in 15-64 years and 3% are 65 and above. By occupation 70% are farmer or related and the rest are in different service industries, government jobs and business people. The nationality of Bangladesh is called Bangladeshi. Most of the people are belongs to lower
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class and 30% are middle class and a very few percentage is in upper class. 83% of the whole nation is literate. Though there are lots of university and colleges still there is hard competition for admission. Technological advancement, innovation and application to hospitality and tourism operation are notable in the areas of communication, transportation, safety and security, food and nutrition, computer software and electronic and packaging. Comparatively Bangladesh is doing very well communication with the other countries. Communications with other countries internationally and domestically in Bangladesh one place to another place are by air, rail, ship, bus/coach service, rivers, post, telephone, fax and telegraph and internet and available everywhere including big hotels. Bangladesh has a rich culture heritage which is evident from the vast number of ancient monuments and sites, castles and forts around the country. All of these have significant contribution to increase the tourism industry. The people of Bangladesh are not very aware of recycling, conservation and the quality of water and air. The government has to be more-strict about that and also make them alertness. All the industries are established and regulated according to the constitution by the government (Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation; (1999). Bangladesh Tourist Hand Book, Dhaka, Bangladesh). There is limited availability of western foods, although the best hotels and restaurant have continental dishes and Dhaka has many good international restaurants. There are many local specialities, usually server with rice and based on chicken and lamb. Seafood is also recommending particularly prawns. Kebabs are widely available sweets include khera, Misti, Dodhi, zorda, sandesh.

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Alcoholic drink is expensive and strict for the Muslim as there custom. There is limit on availability of all drinking items; although there are so many legal bars, pub. The leading hotels have bar which will serve alcohol; soft drinks and tea available. There are few club & disco in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshai etc. The leading hotels have bars, but Western-style night club do not exist. Displays of local dance and music are occasionally to be seen, particularly during religious festival. Woman should not be specially photographed unless it is certain that there will be no objection. Woman should wear trousers or long skirts; revealing cloths should be avoided, particularly when visiting religious places. Dress is generally informal for man. There are certain changes in modern era. In rural areas people are becoming more used to tourists; however permission should be requested before photographs are taken to of individuals. Military instructions are slickly forbidden to be taken photograph. Tipping: Most services expect a tip hotel; give 10% for restaurant stuff and 5% for taxi drivers. It is customary. Medical facilities in Bangladesh do not approach U.S standards, even in tourist areas. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S medical insurance is not always valid out sides the United States. Supplemental of the health insurance that specially covers oversees treatment and medical evacuation insurance that covers the high cost of emergency air evacuation to another country with better medical facilities may prove useful. Additional information on health problems can be obtained from the Centres for Disease control and preventions information travellers.

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Crime rates in Bangladesh have traditionally been low compared to those in others areas of the world. However crime in Dhaka and Chittagong is increasing, as are reports of crime involving weapons. Foreigners have not been especially targeted but could be scare for tourists. The Bangladesh road network is in generally poor condition, in part, due to the difficulty of building and maintaining a transportation infrastructure across a vast river delta. The streets of Dhaka are congested, with hundreds of thousands of bicycle rickshaws competing with three wheeled taxis, cars, bus and trucks for limited road space. Because indicate roads are narrows and in poor condition, driving outside urban areas at night may be dangerous. Bangladesh has some natural problem which are the problem for developing it as a tourist country and this kind of natural problems are included too much rain in season, floods, cyclone, and tornado etc.

5.3. Identify the importance of developing Tourist destinations and products in order to increase Tourism: -As we concern that the Sustainable Development is a precondition for the development of tourism. Without the integration of sustainable development with tourism in the context of its spatial location and environments, it can hardly flourish as a profitable venture with reference to socio- economic, cultural and natural settings (Harris R, Griffin T and William P, (2002). Therefore, basically let us see how we can relate the sustainable development in the context of tourism in Bangladesh. The conservation of physical capital, particularly natural resources, was the original aim of sustainable

36

development. WCED and Pezzoli (1997) state, it has rapidly become apparent that local environmental sustainability requires a commitment to local care. This in turn assumes a certain level of awareness and empowerment amongst communities by linking environmental objectives with social, political and economic development. However, Drakakis Smiths (1995) argued that sustainability should not be confounded with sustained development. So, we nevertheless suggest that sustainability can only be measured as sustained change. It is thus important to note that the frugal management of bio-physical resources must be seen as part of a broader process of sustainable development and that we need - development which addresses present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs WCED, (1987). Therefore, in turn, we define sustainable development as the ability acquired and held by communities over time, to initiate and control development, thus enabling communities to participate more effectively to their own destiny (World tourism Organisation (1996). World Travel Guide, Columbia press. U.S.A). The tourism development strategy that Bangladesh can follow is regionalist approach of establishing tourism zone. Each zone is focusing on a cluster of attractions. The unique tourism appropriate for different zones is stated below.

River tourism: -River tourism is expected to capitalise on many rivers and waterways and also make to provide good access to various points of interests. River cruising on big steamers, ferries can be an arranged big river, which has very beautiful scenery by the

37

river sides. In several important cities along the river side food and lodging facilities must be developed up to international standard where tourists can stay and eat if the cruise is more than one day. Village tourism: -In 1996, WTO carried out a mission for the formulation of an environmentally acceptable and economically viable 10-year plan for the development of village tourism in the Dhaka area. The project intended to draw up plans and policies in the form of a Tourism Development Plan to outline a strategy for village tourism in the Dhaka area, Together with Village Plans that provided detailed proposals for key attraction areas. Those plans also provided guidance on the sensitive provision of facilities, design control and environmental conservation, and the monitoring and management of visitor numbers, as well as for the necessary public and private investment programmes for infrastructure provision. Proposals were outlined for both the short-term (5 years) and long-term (10 years) scenarios (Bangladesh Community development journal, 33 (3) pp. 226 238). Forest and wild life: -The development of forest tourism is a good attraction for international tourists. The largest mangrove forests in the world at the southern part of Bangladesh called sundarban. Journey by small motorised boats will be very attractive and adventurous. In response to a request by the Government of Bangladesh, WTO fielded in 1993 a technical assistance mission to formulate an environmentally acceptable and economically viable ten-year plan for tourism development in the Sunder bans area. This mission followed the 1988 UNDP/WTO Strategic Master Plan for Tourism which

38

recognized Sunder bans as one of the potential areas for development for both domestic and international tourism. The Sunder bans area represents the largest mangrove forest in the world, two-thirds of which is located in Bangladesh (some 6,000 sq. km) and the remainder in India. It comprises a network of rivers and waterways, numerous islands, and extensive areas of impenetrable forest and swamplands. This area is noted for its rich wildlife and principally as the main habitat of the Royal Bengal Tiger. The development objective of the mission was to guide the potentially significant growth of tourism in the Sunder bans area in such a way as to protect and minimize the impact upon wildlife and the environment through effective conservation measures, to improve infrastructure and accessibility to the area, and to generate improved job opportunities and income for the local population.

Beach resorts: -Enjoy miles of WHITE SANDY BEACHES at Cox's Bazaar and virginal Teknaaf on the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal unspoilt by tourist. Bangladesh has the longest unbroken sandy beach in the world which is about 120 km long. This can be a good attraction for the sun lovers.

5.5 To suggest action plan to improve the tourism industry: --

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The promotion programme is prepared based on several considerations. The marketing strategy; knowledge of marketing distribution channels; the promotion techniques available; and the amount of the budget. This programme is usually designed for a three to five year period. It specifies by year the types of promotion to be undertaken and their estimated costs. Continuing costs, such as for maintenance of offices in the market source countries and local tourist information offices, are usually included in the promotion budget. The most commonly used promotional techniques on Bangladesh tourism are as follows: Preparing printed material such on Bangladesh tourism as brochures, posters, maps, postcards and travel agent manuals, and distributing these to travel agents, tour operators and the tourist consumers. 1. Preparing audio-visual material slide, film and video shows for use in travel seminars and other types of presentations. 2. Advertising in newspapers, magazines, radio and television aimed at the tourist consumers and travel publications aimed at tour operators. 3. Attending travel trade fairs, of which there one now many held annually in Europe, North America and East Asia, in order to attract overseas tourists. 4. Undertaking special promotional trips to the market countries in order to contact travel and tour operators. 5. Inviting and hosting visits by tour operators and travel writers and photographers. 6. Preparing and publishing guide and general information books about the areas, if these are not available commercially. These books can be sold to recover the costs involved.

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5.6 Component of Tourism development: -Basic to understanding the planning of tourism is knowledge of the component of tourism development and their interrelationship. Various categories of these components are presented in literature on tourism, but the same basic types of component are always included. For the purpose of planning approach used in this project, the component are classified and described as follows: Tourist attention and activities: - All those natural, cultural, and special features and related activities of an area that attract tourist to visit it. Accommodation: - Hotel and other type of facilities and their related services where tourist stay overnight during there travels. Other tourist facilities and services:- Other facilities and services necessary for tourism development, including tour and travel operations (also called receptive services), restaurant and other type of eating establishment, retail outlets for handicraft, souvenir, speciality, and convenience goods, banks, money exchange, and other financial facilities and services, tourist information offices, personal service such as barbers and beauticians, medical facilities and services, public safety facilities and services of police and fire protection, and entry and exist travel facilitation of customs and immigration.

Transportation facilities and services: - Transportation access into the country, region, of development area, the internal transportation system linking the attractions and development areas and transportation within the development areas, including all types of facilities and services related to land, water, and air transportation.

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Other infrastructure:- In addition to transportation, the other necessary infrastructure, including water supply, electric power, sewage and solid waste disposal,

telecommunications of telephone, telegraph, internet(e-mail) telex and fax, sometimes radio; at the development area level, drainage is also an important infrastructure consideration. Institutional elements:- The institutional elements necessary to develop and manage tourism, including manpower planning and education and training programs, marketing strategies and promotion programs, public and private sector tourism organisational structures, tourism-related legislation and regulations, public and private sector investment policies and economic, environmental and socio-cultural programs and impact controls. Secondary data represented fast and inexpensive research information. In addition secondary data rarely provide a complete solution to a research problem. The statistics those I enclose in order for presenting for this project analysis purposes. The source was mainly from the Bangladesh tourism organization (BPC). This senior research projects objective is to identifying the real surrounding situation of the Bangladesh tourism in the hospitality industry. The secondary data were obtained mainly from BPC (Bangladesh Parjaton Corporation). Tourism in Bangladesh is at a critical turning point of its economy development. Thus far, Bangladesh has allowed tourism to develop with little regard to planning and long-term sustainable development (Ten Years Strategic Marketing Plan). In the year 2000, Bangladesh showed record high performances in year 2000 both in international tourist arrivals and international tourism receipts. Bangladesh receive 200,000 tourists in 2000, which is represents in increase of 15.6 percent over 1999, with

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an average annual growth for same period in international tourist receipts reached 20.7 per cent. B.P.C (2002). One of key issues was the dependence of the rapid growth of tourism in Bangladesh on a single tourist market. From the table no 1, it is found that European & Eastern Europe visitors accounted for about 55 percent of all arrivals to Bangladesh. Due to the fact that the European market has reached zenith levels in the Bangladesh tourism industry, this presents an over dependency on it. It becomes necessary to change the strategic marketing for BPC to attract more European tourists. From the view of BPC, according to its Development of a Long Term Strategy for Bangladesh Tourism, the tourist authorities are aware of the increased risks associated with having a narrow source of origin for tourism and they are working towards diversifying the market. By evaluating the report Sustainable Tourism and Competitiveness in the Asian tourism, another important point arose was that Bangladesh operates primarily in the mass tourist market where price competition is intense and as a consequence, profit margins are being squeezed. This clearly relates to Gilberts status area versus commodity status, in which he recommends that its better to be unique and cost more than to be cheap and forgettable. He also recommends that differentiation the tourism market gets better results rather than over extending the already stretched mass tourist one.

Table1: Tourist Arrivals By Country Year 2000 18600 9800

Country United Kingdom Germany

Percentage % 9.3% 4.9%

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Switzerland 2200 France 2600 Holland 1740 Belgium/Luxembourg 2400 Austria 6600 Italy 9200 Ireland 2600 Greece 7800 Nordic countries 24000 Russia + Other CIS 10000 Countries in Eastern Europe 22460 Australia & New eland 18000 Arab Countries 10000 America, Canada, Mexico, 12000 Asian 32000 Other Countries 18000 All Countries Source: BPC 2000.page 07 line 5-9.

1.1% 1.3% 0.87% 1.2% 3.3% 4.6% 1.3% 3.9% 12% 5% 11.23% 9% 5% 6% 16% 9% 100.00%

As we can compare the new development tourist destination with Bangladesh, we have to do lot of development to be a good/similar destination like others Asian tourists destination, as follows LDC, S Statistics: http://www.Statistic Bangladesh tourism.com

Table -2:

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The tourism resources of Bangladesh are not unilateral. Bangladesh has historical sites, museums with a large collection of antiquities and treasures, themed routes, nature trails, and many other interest products, which are dispersed, in the different areas of the country attracting tourists to visit different areas of Bangladesh. The following chart shows the length of tourist stay to the different destination of the country;

Chart1:
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Tourists length of Stay

10% 25% 17%

Dhaka chittagong Shylet cox's bazar

6% 27%

Hill tract Around chittagong

15%

Source: BPC 2003 According to the chart above it can be notice that greater portion of tourist visitors choose to stay at the coxes bazer which is 27% percent of total arrival and the 25% is in Cittagong city. The reason can be deem that it is a tourist spot with many attraction and the large see beach where people enjoy sun and see. In addition the rest of the destinations are receiving relatively low arrival like Dhaka 10% and hill tract 15% which is comparatively lower than Cittangong and coxes bazer. Possible reason that can be mention for this is the less opportunity of tourist accessibility to this places and the population gathering. The strength of the appeal of a destination to tourists is critically linked to the type and quality of activities it offers. It is the activities that Bangladesh offers that will stimulate an interest in visiting the country. More reasons should be given to potential visitors to come to Bangladesh. One extremely important way of achieving this is to develop a wide range of special interest tourism products. This is important because it not only targets those who pursue a special interest and therefore, opens up new market potential but it also attracts individual with a more generalist holiday in mind. Strategic

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Plan for Tourism 2008 regarding Special Interest Products, focuses on the creation of products that can project the uniqueness of Bangladesh as a destination. The Special Interest Products will act as attractors to the destination, which of the same time they will offer opportunities for activities and entertainment. In this case it does not generate new business but it does lead to a higher level of satisfaction. For example, a person may seek a resort-based holiday but also be attracted by the additional prospect of walking in the Chittagong hill tract & Rangamati. It is an additional incentive and can result in providing that extra reason to choose one destination from another. As shown chart 1, that from the research most of the tourists are stay in around the Chittagong, Coxs Bazar, and Chittagong hill tracts. Few of them are stay in Dhaka and others city. Chart2:

Source: World tourism organization (WTO) As shown chart 2, Data from the World Tourism Organization (WTO) for 1998 indicate that developing countries, including the LDCs, account for approximately 61% of international tourist arrivals but only 53% of international tourism receipts. Receipts per arrival averaged US$609 for developing countries, as compared with US$827 for developed market economies. For LDCs, the average receipts per arrival were US$502.

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Of the LDCs, only Tanzania is a significant tourism destination generating US$ 570 million in visitor expenditure. Cambodia, Nepal and Uganda are the only other countries to generate more than US$ 100 million. Zambia ranks along side these countries in terms of visitor numbers but its receipts per arrival are much lower as it attracts high numbers of day visitors to Victoria Falls. In terms of the proportion of exports represented by tourism receipts, the highest for the LDCs is again Tanzania with nearly 35%, followed by Vanuatu (33%) and the Gambia (24%). For countries such as Guinea, Malawi, Bangladesh, Djibouti and even Ethiopia, tourism receipts represent a very small proportion of export earnings. In contrast, tourism represents over 100% of the export revenues of many Caribbean countries. Of the 20 LDCs sampled, eight have above average earnings from tourism. Chart 3:

Last ten years statistics

250000 200000 Arrival 150000 100000 50000 0 Arrival 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Year yea rs Arrival

Year

As shown chart 4, last ten years statistics of tourist arrivals in Bangladesh, as we have seen that from 1991 to years 2000 big difference of tourists arrivals. Bangladesh is a

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great tourist destination; it can be the best destination in Asia, if BPC have superior and development of some tourism sector. (http://www.Statistic Bangladesh tourism.com) The data furnished below has been collected by Bangladesh Tourism Corporation through a primary research (sustainable tourism in Bangladesh). I have encoded those datas from 2000 publication of Bangladesh Parjaton Corporation publications and Asian tourism magazine as well. So these datas are consider as secondary data for us. As it is given below: Chart4:

How about price in Banglade sh tourist industry.

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% very high high very low low f airly Shown as Table 5, a big percentage of tourists, who is 48%, considered that the rates of 1% 5% 5% 48% 41%

While compared with other similar tourist destinations, this is an important and big weakness in the drastic competition today, also only few percent of tourists says that rate is high and most of them say that fair. As they should realize that only low rate doesnt

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make the improvement and tourist increasing. BPC have to make increase of rate and improvement of service and increasing facilities Chart5:

I lik e B a n g la d e s h b e c a u s e o f.....
29% 30% 31% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 5% 5% 10% 5% 0% H is to r ic a l h e r ita g e C u ltu r e and C u s to m s S c e ne ry O th e r s

Shown as chart 5, there are 31% tourists choosing Scenery, 30% culture and customs and 29% historical heritage but only 5% on safety. From here, we can find that safety is still No. 1 problem in tourists mind. Also it is proved that Bangladesh is not tourist destination. Safety is its one of the most important disadvantages. From here, we can find

50

that the historical heritage and culture of Bangladesh are very important attractive points for tourists. Chart6:

M o s t lo c a l p e o p le tre a t to u ris ts frie n d ly a n d h o s p ita b le .

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
18% 5% 23% 49%

5%

s trongly agree s trangly dis agree others , agree dis agree pleas e s pec ify

As it has shown on Chart 6, although most tourists are satisfied with the attitudes of local people to them, theyre over 5% of tourists express their strong dissatisfactions and 23% of tourists also disagree. The impressions of tourists on local people directly affect tourists repeat visit to Bangladesh. In addition, tourists will tell their friends their experiences in Bangladesh. So on the research demonstrated that BPC have to improve their approach and at least hospitality associated people.

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Chart7:

Transportation of Bangladesh is convenience for Tourist

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% strongly agree agree 1% 10%
Chart7:

65%

20% 4%

strangly disagree others, disagree please specify

According to the above chart, nearly 85% of tourists consider that the public transportation of Bangladesh is not convenient. It means big problem with public transportation problems include limited time, limited lines, limited number of times, etc. Some tourists have very bad impression about Driver. One of them said that the traffic of Bangladesh is too dangerous; some drivers were not good at driving at all! Also the transportation has no vacancy most of the time, no special tourists service transportation.

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CHAPTER 6
Conclusions & Recommendations 6.1 Conclusion Regarding Hypothesis 1:
I accept my Research Hypothesis 1 because of the following reasons --

6.1.1 After analyzing the research hypothesis number 1, the hospitality industry is able to attract tourists for the total entertainments of many attractions of this country have to offer. Many tourist returns to Bangladesh for their holidays because of the weather, the clean beaches and the nightlife of Dhaka. The service to the guests receive from the hotels must be sufficient and obviously high standard are kept for the endurances of the guests needs. 6.1.2 Greatly positive support of tourism development is consisted. Such as environmental support of warm weather, sunning sandy beaches, the diverse cultural identity and the inland tropical facilities are existed. 6.1.3 In Bangladesh the total population is about 130.3 million in 2001. Bangladesh is simple, polite and courteous. They are very friendly and hospitable towards visitors. The state language and mother tongue is Bangle. English is also spoken and understood. English is a second language. Bangladesh is a land of religious freedom and tolerance. People of all caste, creed and religious live here in perfect harmony. For entertainment there are many cinemas and theatres all over the country. Cultural shows are quiet frequently performed at several venues. Fairs and festivals have always

53

played a significant role in the life of citizens. Classical forms of the sub-continent predominant in Bangladesh dance and music. Among from all the population 39% are in 0-14 years, 58% are in 15-64 years and 3% are 65 and above. By occupation 70% are farmer or related and the rest are in different service industries, government jobs and business people. The nationality of Bangladesh is called Bangladeshi. Most of the people are belongs to lower class and 30% are middle class and a very few percentage is in upper class. 83% of the whole nation is literate. Though there are lots of university and colleges still there is hard competition for admission.

6.2 Conclusion Regarding Hypothesis 2:

I accept my Research Hypothesis 2 because of the following reasons -6.2.1 Cox's Bazaar is the tourist capital of Bangladesh. Having the world's longest unbroken (120 km) sandy beach sloping gently down to the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal against the picturesque background of a chain of hill covered with deep green forests. Cox's Bazaar is one of the most attractive tourist spots in the world. Miles of golden sands, towering cliffs surfing waves, rare conch shells, colourful pagodas, Buddhist temples and tribes, delightful seafood - these are specialties of Cox's Bazaar.

The beach is good and obvious flexible for bathing, sunbathing and swimming. The breath-taking beauty of the sun-setting behind the waves of the sea is captivating. Attractive local variety of cigars and handloom products of the Rakhyne tribal

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families are good buys. Their unique customs and costumes attract visitors. Cox's Bazar is connected both by air and road from Dhaka and Chittagong. Visits to the fascinating picnic spot at Himchari, Teknaf, Buddhist temple at Ramu and nearby island of Sonadia, St. Martin and Mohaskhali are memorable experience of one's lifetime. 6.2.2 Institution Building and Participatory Planning. Experience in the Cox's Bazaar area shows the importance of participatory institution Building at the local level in linking tourism with environmental conservation, and Economic and cultural

development. There is a clear need to nurture and promote such Institutions to deal with tourism impacts on environment and culture as well as facilitate a more equitable sharing of tourism benefits. Broad representation, local leadership, transparency in decision-making and sustaining resource base are essential for the Development of such institutions.

6.2.3 Promoting Tourism as a Package. In order to enhance the linkages of tourism with the local economy, tourism promotion has to be conceived as a coordinated package of location and region-specific programmes that would include forest protection, conservation education, environmental monitoring System, alternative energy technology, promotion of local crafts, resource management,
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and support for appropriate agricultural, horticultural and livestock development and processing activities among others. 6.3 Recommendation: -A national tourism policy should be brimmed and debarred immediately. Private sectors should be given due priority sufficient incentives like tax holiday, bank loans, should be accorded to the private entrepreneurs for establishment of tourists installations. Department of Forests has its own development plus which should be co-ordinate any synchronised with the tourism master plan. Low and order situation should be given due attention for safety and security of the tourists in different tourist spots. A tourist police cadre may be raised as available in many countries of the world. Tourists spots may be locally developed by District Council, Upazilla Councils and similar agencies, such schemes may be adopted in consultation with Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation. Adequate entertainment facilities should be developed for the foreign tourists in different areas of the country. Measures should be taken to organise package tours from abroad to and through Bangladesh in collaboration with Biman-Bangladesh Airlines and town tour operators of the East and the West. Tourism should be declared as an Industry. Development of domestic tourism should consider a pre-requisite for international tourism, because domestic tourism is the backbone of international tourism and it helps to develop the countrys infrastructure and superstructure. Village Tourism should be developed depicting the countrys heritage, tradition and culture by selecting some village and raising those as much.

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Bangladesh missions abroad should play a more positive role in encouraging the country of their accreditation to visit Bangladesh individually or in group or in collaboration with the tour operators of that country. Bangladesh Porjotan Corporation should open tourism office abroad especially in the tourist generating regions. If necessary, it may be done in collaboration with Biman Bangladesh Airlines or in the premises of Bangladesh Mission. In order to develop regional tourism even SARRC countries should join together and evolve suitable programs. Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation should open tourist office abroad especially in the tourist generating regions. If necessary, it may be done in collaboration with Biman Bangladesh Airlines or in the premises of Bangladesh Missions. In order to develop international tourism Bangladesh frontier formalities should be further simplified. The system of Tourism Visa should be included. Government may offer confessional duty for importation of tourist vehicles to enable the private sector to provide cheaper transport facility especially for the domestic tourists. Soft bank loan facilities for financing tourist establishment may be considered by the government. Government should allocate adequate funds for Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation in the Revenue Budget every year for its promotional programmes. The hotel and tourism training Institute of Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation should be upgraded to introduce advanced level raining courses in various disciplines of the tourism trade which will ultimately contribute towards more employment generation. An integrated development of the transport system within the country by land, water, air and rail should be made. Bangladesh can make many 5*, 4* and 3* hotels near the tourists

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destinations. (Bangladesh tourist handbook, Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, National Tourism Organization, (2000).

Conservation and protection of wildlife and forest ordinances should be updated to suit the needs of tourism development. A modern Aquarium may be build at Coxs Bazaar Sea Beach. Bangladesh has to avoid political problems to getting more tourists. Protection of environment should be ensured and all possible steps should be taken against pollution of the environment. Special Tourism Road Transports should be allowed duty free by the Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation for easy movement of tourists within the country. Bangladesh tourist season begin from October to March, off season tourism should be developed by providing facilities for rowing, boating, swimming, water skiing, angling for attracting more and more tourists

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REFERANCES:- Ashworth, G. J. (1995). Heritage tourism and Europe: a European future for a European past in D. T. 2nd ed. Mansell. London. Bangladesh tourist handbook, Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, National Tourism Organization, (2000). Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation (1999),Bangladesh Tourist Hand Book Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bunting, B. W., Sherpa, M. N and Wright, M. (1991). Resident Peoples and National Parks: Social Dilemmas and Strategies in International Conservation, chapter Annapurna Conservation Area: Nepal's New Approach to Protected Area Management, pages 160171. University of Arizona Press.

Bangladesh, Community development journal, 33 (3) pp. 236 248. Saleh, a. (1999), The Daily Star, September 27, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Harris R, Griffin T and William P (2002). Sustainable Tourism (Global perspective).1st ed. Jordon Hill. Oxford.

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 Torkildsen G (1992). Leisure and recreation management. 3rd ed. London. The Bangladesh Observer, World Tourism Day September 27, 2000, Dhaka, Bangladesh. William, A and Saw C (1998). Tourism and economic development (European experience).3rd ed. British Library Catalog publication.UK. Lockwood, A and Midlik,S (2002). Tourism and Hospitality in the 21st century. 1st ed. Jordon Hill. Oxford. Ryan, C (2002). The Tourist Experience.2nd ed. British library Catalogue publication. London. Chapman, W. R. (1989), A little more gingerbread: tourism, design and preservation in the Caribbean, Places, 8, 58 67. Damania, R. (2002). Environmental Controls with Corrupt Bureaucrats. Environment and d Development Economics.3rd ed. Longman. London. Fagence, M. (1991).Geographic referencing of Public Policies in TourismThe Tourist Review. Mar8 1999. Pezzoli, k (1997). Sustainable Development: a trans disciplinary overview of the literature, Journal and Environmental Planning and management, 40, pp 549 574. World tourism Organisation (1996), World Travel Guide Columbia press, U.S.A.

Boniface B and Cooper C (2001). World wide Destination.3rd ed. John Hill Oxford.

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Asia Trade hub website. http://www.asiatradehub.com/bangladesh/general. 1. http://www.bdonline.com.tourism.htm. 2. http://www.eecs.umich.edu/bangladesh/tourism.html. 3. http://www.lonelyplanet.com.aau/dest/ind/ban/htm 4. http://www.discovery Bangladesh.com 5. http://www.Statistic Bangladesh tourism.com

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