MEBS 6005 Lecture 5 Introduction to BACnet

Only for internal circulation during lectures

17 Vendor IDs were issued in the first six weeks of 2011 alone !!!

ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 135 in 1995 ISO 16484-5 in 2003 BSR/ASHRAE Standard 135.1 on method of testing for conformance

Only for internal circulation during lectures

Previous LANs defined for BACnet (Latest BACnet/IP and BACnet/ZigBee)

PTP (point-topoint)

PTP is unique to BACnet for internetworked communications over modems and voice grade phone lines. PTP accommodates modern modem protocols (V.32bis and V.42) and also supports direct cable connections using the EIA-232 signaling standard. Speed is limited to from 9.6Kbps to 56.0Kbps. MS/TP is also unique to BACnet and is implemented using the EIA-485 signaling standard. This is a shielded twisted-pair (STP) LAN operating at speeds from 9.6Kbps to 76.0Kbps. This LAN type is low cost. ARCNET is a token bus standard. ARCNET can run on a variety of media at different speeds-from 150Kbps on EIA-485 (STP) up to 7.5Mbps over coaxial cable, STP, or fiber optics. Typically, ARCNET runs at 2.5Mbps over twisted pair. Ethernet is fast, running from 10Mbps to 100Mbps (fast Ethernet), and runs on a variety of media-STP, coaxial cable, or fiber optics. Like ARCNET, Ethernet requires a special chip to handle network communications. LONtalk is a proprietary technology developed by the Echelon Corporation.

MS/TP (master slave/token passing) ARCNET (ANSI/ATA 878.1) Ethernet (ISO 8802-3)

LONtalk

Only for internal circulation during lectures

BACnet/IP
Able to communicate directly with peer devices on their network Able to make use of local broadcasts, received by all peer devices on their network Able to send remote broadcasts to devices residing on networks with different network numbers Global broadcasting works Devices have a unique address, an IP address, and they know what address is Devices dont need to know their BACnet network number unless the device is a BACnet router Use User Datagram Protocol (UDP) instead of TCP TCP is a connection-oriented protocol has more overhead than UDP and does not allow one-to-many messages A BACnet/IP network is a collection of one or more IP domains that are assigned a single BACnet network number. 4

Only for internal circulation during lectures

 All data in a BACnet system is represented by "objects," "properties" and "services., enabling BACnet devices from different manufacturers to interoperate. An object, currently 49 object types, may be an AI, AO, BI, BO, Device, Multi-state Input, Group, Pulse Converter etc. Every object has an identifier (such as AI-1), much like what is now commonly known as a "data point". But a data point typically has a single value associated with it, whereas an object consists of a number of prescribed properties. It is only through its properties that an object is monitored and controlled.

Only for internal circulation during lectures

BACnet specifies 123+ properties of objects. Three properties, i.e. Object-identifier, Objectname, and Object-type-must be present in every object. BACnet also may require that certain objects support specific additional properties. Some properties can accept writes, and others can only be read.

Only for internal circulation during lectures

When a property is read or written to - a service. Services are how one BACnet device gets information from another device, commands a device to perform certain actions (through its objects and properties, of course), or lets other devices know that something has happened. The only service that is compulsory is the Read-property service. A total of 40+ standard services. A specifier or engineer needs to know what objects and services are supported by which devices, information found in the device's protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS).

Only for internal circulation during lectures

Because not all devices need to have the same level of functionality, BACnet defines conformance classes that categorize the capabilities and functionality of devices. All devices of a certain conformance class have a minimum set of required features (in the form of objects and services). Such information is made public in a protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) The PICS lists what objects are present in the device and whether the device initiates a service request (asks or commands) or executes the request (responds or acts). The PICS also provides you with the conformance class of the device.

Only for internal circulation during lectures

An Analog Input Object, such as a thermistor, with 5 properties

An Analog Input Object can have up to ALL Standard Properties In this example, a query about the Present_Value Property of this Analog Input Object would get the reply "68.0".

Only for internal circulation during lectures

Types of BACnet Objects

Only for internal circulation during lectures

10

Every BACnet device must have a Device Object, the Properties of which fully describe the BACnet device to the network. The Object_List Property of the Device Object, for example, provides a list of every Object contained within the BACnet device. The Vendor_Name, Vendor_Identifier and Model_Name Properties provide the manufacturer name and model of the device. In addition, BACnet allows manufacturers to provide proprietary Objects
11

Only for internal circulation during lectures

The BACnet standard identifies 123+ different Properties of Objects. A different subset of these Properties is specified for each type of Object. The following table shows some Properties of an Analog Input Object.

Only for internal circulation during lectures

12

Each service request issued and service acknowledgment (reply) returned becomes a message packet transferred over the network from the sending to the receiving device.

An "application program" running on the BACnet device issues service requests and processes them upon receipt.
Only for internal circulation during lectures

13

BACnet defines 40+ Services and classifies them into six categories: Alarm and Event File Access Virtual Terminal Remote Device Management Object Access Security

For each of the "Confirmed" services, a reply, typically with data, is expected For each of the "Unconfirmed services, no reply is expected

Only for internal circulation during lectures

14

BACnets Collapsed OSI Architecture

Only for internal circulation during lectures

15

Interoperability Capability of BACnet

6 levels of conformance classes for specifying levels of functionality A higher class covers all features of a lower class A Class 1 device only needs to implement ReadProperty Service A Class 2 device also needs to implement WriteProperty Service Functional Group - a device to support a certain particular function, e.g. Clock Functional Group implements TimeSynchronization Service Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) provides the detailed options implemented in the device, including supported functional groups, standard and proprietary objects, and, standard and proprietary services Still too obscure to specify interactions between devices BACnet Interoperability Building Blocks (BIBBs) proposed by Prof. Mike Newman 5 principal areas of BIBBs: data sharing, alarms and events, scheduling, trending, device management

Only for internal circulation during lectures

16

A Quick Comparison Between 3 Open Protocols in the World (up to 2007)

Mainly based on:
STRATAResourceInc., Investigating Open Systems: Comparing LonWorks and BACnet, 2006 Alan Kell and Peter Colebrook, Open Systems for Homes and Buildings: Comparing LonWorks and KNX, 2005 Only for internal circulation during lectures

17

According to IEEE, An Open System provides capabilities that enable properly implemented applications to run on a variety of platforms from multiple vendors, interoperate with other applications, and present a consistent style of interaction with the User. Hence, the Open Building System Goals include: Implementation of an End-to-End solution that is open, internationally accepted and published for access by everybody. Interoperable and Interchangeable. Multi-Vendor
18

Only for internal circulation during lectures

Konnex technology (Merging between Batibus, EIBA and EHS) : the open, royalty-free and platform independent standard for home & building control, approved as a European (EN 50090 - EN 13321-1) and a Worldwide standard (ISO/IEC 14543).

A Typical EIB System

Only for internal circulation during lectures

19

Industry Responses in U.S.

Focus placed on developing standards that define open systems
The leading standards are associated with BACnet and LONWORKS Systems

Only for internal circulation during lectures

20

History LonWorks
1988 developed by Echelon 1994 LonMark 1995 1st LonMark Certified Device 1999 ANSI 709 2005 600th LonMark Certified Device

BACnet
1987 ASHRAE SPC135 1995 ASHRAE-135 2000 BTL 2001 ANSI standard 2003 ISO 16484-5 2003 ASHRAE-135.1 2004 BACnet 2004 became ANSI standard 2005 100th BTL Listed Device

KNX
1988 EIB User Club established by Siemens 1999 May KNX formed 2003 Dec EN 50090 by CENELEC 2006 EN13321-1 by CEN 2006 July ISO/IEC 14543

Only for internal circulation during lectures

21

Network Architecture LonWorks

Bottom Up Flat Topology Peer-to-Peer

BACnet
Top Down Tiered Network Topology

KNX
Low Speed Free Topology

Network Management LonWorks BACnet KNX

ETS 3(Engineering Tool Software) which is manufacturer and vendor independent

LNS around 30 tools Around 5 independent tools Single tool for all vendors devices No single tool for all vendors vendor dependent
Only for internal circulation during lectures

22

Device Architecture LonWorks Neuron Chip Neuron C 3rd Party uP BACnet KNX 68HC05 and ASIC initially

Processor independent Language independent ISO/OSI Implementation LonWorks All 7 Layers BACnet 1,2,3 and 7

KNX 1,2,3,4 and 7

23

Only for internal circulation during lectures

Operator Interface Software LonWorks

Mainly LNS based DDE and OPC available

BACnet

KNX

DDE and OPC available EIB Integrated Development Environment

Design Guidelines LonWorks

LonMark FPs LonMark FPs in development SNVTs SCPTs

BACnet
PICS and BIBBs Data Types Standard Objects BIBBs Device Profiles

KNX
KNX Profiles in Volume 6 of KNX Specification

Only for internal circulation during lectures

24

Certification LonWorks
By LonMark FPs

BACnet
BTL Listed Products

KNX
KNX certified standardized data types and agreed functional blocks, with KNX trademark

Devices LonWorks
Routers, web servers, gateways, NICs, HVAC and nonHVAC, data collectors

BACnet
Routers, supervisory devices, gateways, HVAC and non-HVAC as lighting and motor control

KNX
Mainly electrical wiring devices and lighting; HVAC products not strong 25

Only for internal circulation during lectures

Physical Media LonWorks STP or UTP at 78.1k or 1.25M Powerline PL3120/50 at 4.8k Wireless, fibre, infrared published, but not very common BACnet Ethernet, ARCNET, MS/TP, LON, PTP KNX STP at 9.6k PL110 and PL132 at 1.2k to 2.4k Wireless at 38.4k

Only for internal circulation during lectures

26

Internet Connectivity LonWorks

Lon over IP standardized in EIA-852 published in 2001 i.LON Panoramix Enterprise Platform Networked Energy Services XML

BACnet
Web services devices very common by different vendors XML WG produced BACnet/WS interface

KNX
EIBnet over Ethernet, UDP/IP and TCP/IP, extended to ANubis (advanced Network for Unified Building Integration Services

Only for internal circulation during lectures

27

Distribution LonWorks
Lots of solution independent devices (HVAC, lighting, sensors, motor control, power metering, security, diagnostic tools etc.

BACnet
Direct from manufacturers as part of a complete solution Very few solution independent devices

KNX
Some solution independent devices but mainly for electrical installers, such as I/O modules, wall switches, dimmers, thermostats, occupancy sensors etc.

Only for internal circulation during lectures

28