Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
of the above (2)Water depletion will occur if water intake is inadequate or loss is excessive. This will lead to all of the following except: <C>Increases plasma osmolality <C>Stimulate thirst center <C>ADH secretion <C+>Production of diluted urine <C>Cellular dehydration (3)Consequence(s) of excessive sodium loss include : <C>shift water from IC to EC <C>expansion plasma osmolality <C+>increases RAS secretion <C>none of the above
(4)causes of excess sodium loss include all of the following except: <C>diarrhea and vomiting <C>mineral corticoids <C+>diabetes insipidus <C>osmotic dieresis <C>burns (5)atrial natriuetic peptide released when there is : <C>hypotension <C>sodium depletion <C+>expansion of ECF <C>a diabetes insipduce <C>hyperkalaemia (6)regarding body water, All are true except: <C>in healthy 70kg male, it about 42 Liters in amount <C>66% of total body water is intracellular <C+>70% of extra cellular water is in the intravascular compartment <C>water moves between different body compartments dy passive process <C> ISF have sodium concentration similar to plasma
(7)Potassium shift from the ECF to ICF occurs in which of the following condition? <C>purgative abuse <C>use of K2EDTA as anticoagulant <C+>insulin therapy <C>tissue damage <C>diarrhea (8)Factors increasing reanl potassium excretion include all of the followings except : <C>A vailable sodium for re-absorption in the distal tubules <C>directly by aldosterone <C+>systemic acidosis <C>secondary hyperaldosteronism <C>none of the above (9)potassium retention is a festure of <C>corticosteroids excess <C>intake of liquorice <C>congestive heart failure <C+>use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
<C>none of the above (10)the following laboratory findings are consistent with SIADH except <C>plasma osmolality 270 mosm/kg <C>serum sodium 125 mmol/L (135-150) <C>urine osmolality 300mosm/kg <C>blood urea 15mg/dL (15-40) <C>no edema )( + (11)couses of respiratory acidosis include : <C>mechanical ventilation <C>fever <C+>anesthetics <C>sevsr anemia <C>high altitudes (12)which of the following is NOT correct for plasma creatinine concentration <C>highly affected by protein intake <C>depends on muscle mass <C+>normal level always indicates normal renal functions
<C>reduced in chronic steroid therapy <C>clinically useful indicators of glomerular filtration (13)loss of isotonic fluid from EC compartment <C>diarrea is among the causes <C>causes no decrease in plasma volume <C>decreases plasma osmolality <C>causes water shift from IC to EC compartment <C+>none of the above
(14)In mineral corticoids excess <C+>CHF is among the causes <C>metabolic acidosis usually developed (15)in mineral corticoids excess:- 1-*CHF is among the causes
2-metabolic acidosis usually develop 4-hypotension Is a common finding 5-none of the above
(16) all the following are common causes of intrinsic renal failure except:-
1-non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs 2-renal hypo perfusion 3-glommuronephritis 5*-none of the above
(17)which one if the following can stimulate ADH secretion:1-decreased ECF osmolality 2-hypokalemia 4-* stress 5-alchol 3-pylonephritis
(19)which one of the following isnt true for nephritic syndrome:1-result in loss of proteins such as antithrombein III 2-is among the causes of activating RAS 3-* is part of fanconi syndrome
4-hypercholesteremia & hypertriglesredemia is among the features 5-charchteriessed by protienuria more than 5 g/day and edema
(20) Gaussian distribution is one method used to determine SRR. Which of the following isnt true about SRR:1-represent 95% values found in the healthy people 2-equals the mean +_ 2 standard deviations 3-*healthy people who have values of blood parameter slightly lower than NRR usually indicates the presence of sub-clinical disease 4-SRR may vary according to the age
(21) which of the following about intestinal fluid isnt correct:1-increases as serum protein decreases 2-sorrunds the cells of tissue 3-in excess lead to edema 5-none of the above 4-* have similar protein as the plasma
(22)in olguiric phase of acute renal failure which of following findings isnt true:1-reduced glomular filtration rate
2-urine with Na more than 20 mmol/day 3-urine out put less than 400ml / day 4- high plasma potassium and hydrogen concentration
5-hypocalceamia except:-
(23)predisposing factor of renal calculi includes all the following 1- lack of natural inhibitor of crystallization 2-presisting alkaline urine PH 3-hyperoxularia 4-high uric acid in urine 5-* none of the above
(24) plasma urea concentration increased in all except:(25) lactic acidosis is a feature of :1-aspirin overdose 2-*tissue hypoxia 3-DM type1 4-chronic renal failure 5- hypoventilation
1- is a hormone produced by C-cell of the thyroid 3-also called 24,25 dihydroxycalcifarol liver
2-ttoxicity can be produced by excess exposure to the sun 4-synthesised from vitamin D hydroxylation in the kidneys then in the
(27)which is/are true of hyperphosphetemia :1-found after insulin therapy 2-*among the causes of hypocalcaemia in renal failure 4-often found in children with rickets 5-none of the above
3-calcitonin therapy 4-paget disease 5-there is more than one correct answer (29)plasma ionized calcium:2-*level increased in acidosis
1-mainly found complexes to oxalate 3-low levels inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone 4-not filtered by the glomurai
(30)a patient with acid base analysis , H=60 mmol ( normal 34-44) , PCO2 =50 (normal 34-45) , HCO3 = 30 ( normal 22-28) . He has :1-normal 2-metabolic acidosis