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(1)H+ thath produced in red blood cells is mainly buffered by : <C>phosphate buffer <C>chloride ion <C+>hemoglobin <C>HCO3 <C>none

of the above (2)Water depletion will occur if water intake is inadequate or loss is excessive. This will lead to all of the following except: <C>Increases plasma osmolality <C>Stimulate thirst center <C>ADH secretion <C+>Production of diluted urine <C>Cellular dehydration (3)Consequence(s) of excessive sodium loss include : <C>shift water from IC to EC <C>expansion plasma osmolality <C+>increases RAS secretion <C>none of the above

(4)causes of excess sodium loss include all of the following except: <C>diarrhea and vomiting <C>mineral corticoids <C+>diabetes insipidus <C>osmotic dieresis <C>burns (5)atrial natriuetic peptide released when there is : <C>hypotension <C>sodium depletion <C+>expansion of ECF <C>a diabetes insipduce <C>hyperkalaemia (6)regarding body water, All are true except: <C>in healthy 70kg male, it about 42 Liters in amount <C>66% of total body water is intracellular <C+>70% of extra cellular water is in the intravascular compartment <C>water moves between different body compartments dy passive process <C> ISF have sodium concentration similar to plasma

(7)Potassium shift from the ECF to ICF occurs in which of the following condition? <C>purgative abuse <C>use of K2EDTA as anticoagulant <C+>insulin therapy <C>tissue damage <C>diarrhea (8)Factors increasing reanl potassium excretion include all of the followings except : <C>A vailable sodium for re-absorption in the distal tubules <C>directly by aldosterone <C+>systemic acidosis <C>secondary hyperaldosteronism <C>none of the above (9)potassium retention is a festure of <C>corticosteroids excess <C>intake of liquorice <C>congestive heart failure <C+>use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

<C>none of the above (10)the following laboratory findings are consistent with SIADH except <C>plasma osmolality 270 mosm/kg <C>serum sodium 125 mmol/L (135-150) <C>urine osmolality 300mosm/kg <C>blood urea 15mg/dL (15-40) <C>no edema )( + (11)couses of respiratory acidosis include : <C>mechanical ventilation <C>fever <C+>anesthetics <C>sevsr anemia <C>high altitudes (12)which of the following is NOT correct for plasma creatinine concentration <C>highly affected by protein intake <C>depends on muscle mass <C+>normal level always indicates normal renal functions

<C>reduced in chronic steroid therapy <C>clinically useful indicators of glomerular filtration (13)loss of isotonic fluid from EC compartment <C>diarrea is among the causes <C>causes no decrease in plasma volume <C>decreases plasma osmolality <C>causes water shift from IC to EC compartment <C+>none of the above

(14)In mineral corticoids excess <C+>CHF is among the causes <C>metabolic acidosis usually developed (15)in mineral corticoids excess:- 1-*CHF is among the causes

2-metabolic acidosis usually develop 4-hypotension Is a common finding 5-none of the above

3-reduced ECF is a feature of the condition

(16) all the following are common causes of intrinsic renal failure except:-

1-non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs 2-renal hypo perfusion 3-glommuronephritis 5*-none of the above

4-sestemic lupus erthematosus

(17)which one if the following can stimulate ADH secretion:1-decreased ECF osmolality 2-hypokalemia 4-* stress 5-alchol 3-pylonephritis

(18)which one of the following is associated or coupled with hyponatremia:1-hypertension

2-*stimulate RAS system

3-edema 4-hyperosmolality 5-increased ECF volume

(19)which one of the following isnt true for nephritic syndrome:1-result in loss of proteins such as antithrombein III 2-is among the causes of activating RAS 3-* is part of fanconi syndrome

4-hypercholesteremia & hypertriglesredemia is among the features 5-charchteriessed by protienuria more than 5 g/day and edema

(20) Gaussian distribution is one method used to determine SRR. Which of the following isnt true about SRR:1-represent 95% values found in the healthy people 2-equals the mean +_ 2 standard deviations 3-*healthy people who have values of blood parameter slightly lower than NRR usually indicates the presence of sub-clinical disease 4-SRR may vary according to the age

(21) which of the following about intestinal fluid isnt correct:1-increases as serum protein decreases 2-sorrunds the cells of tissue 3-in excess lead to edema 5-none of the above 4-* have similar protein as the plasma

(22)in olguiric phase of acute renal failure which of following findings isnt true:1-reduced glomular filtration rate

2-urine with Na more than 20 mmol/day 3-urine out put less than 400ml / day 4- high plasma potassium and hydrogen concentration

5-hypocalceamia except:-

(23)predisposing factor of renal calculi includes all the following 1- lack of natural inhibitor of crystallization 2-presisting alkaline urine PH 3-hyperoxularia 4-high uric acid in urine 5-* none of the above

(24) plasma urea concentration increased in all except:(25) lactic acidosis is a feature of :1-aspirin overdose 2-*tissue hypoxia 3-DM type1 4-chronic renal failure 5- hypoventilation

(26) which is/are true for calcitariol:-

1- is a hormone produced by C-cell of the thyroid 3-also called 24,25 dihydroxycalcifarol liver

2-ttoxicity can be produced by excess exposure to the sun 4-synthesised from vitamin D hydroxylation in the kidneys then in the

5*-hydroxylation in the kidneys is stimulated by low plasma Ca & phosphate

(27)which is/are true of hyperphosphetemia :1-found after insulin therapy 2-*among the causes of hypocalcaemia in renal failure 4-often found in children with rickets 5-none of the above

3-is one consequences of primary hyperpaarathyrodisim

(28) increased plasma calcium level found in:1-*malignancy 2-tetany

3-calcitonin therapy 4-paget disease 5-there is more than one correct answer (29)plasma ionized calcium:2-*level increased in acidosis

1-mainly found complexes to oxalate 3-low levels inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone 4-not filtered by the glomurai

(30)a patient with acid base analysis , H=60 mmol ( normal 34-44) , PCO2 =50 (normal 34-45) , HCO3 = 30 ( normal 22-28) . He has :1-normal 2-metabolic acidosis

3-metabolic alkalosis 4-*respiratory acidosis 5-respiratory alkalosis

Do by Heba Alkhayyat & Shatha Al-awaji

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