ACTIVE VOICE

SIMPLE TENSES SIMPLE PAST Subject +verb(p)+ object POSITIVE SIMPLE PRESENT Subject + verb(inf)+ object Subject+ verb(inf)+ s +object Ex: I eat rice. We play Tennis. She cooks rice. Sunil sings songs. SIMPLE FUTURE Subject + will +verb(inf)+ object

Ex: I ate rice. We played Tennis. She cooked rice. Sunil sang songs. INTERROGATIVE SIMPLE PAST QW.+did +S+V(inf) +O Ex: Did I eat rice? When did we play Tennis? Did she cook rice? When did Sunil sing songs? NEGATIVE SIMPLE PAST S+did not +V(inf) +O Ex: I didnt eat rice. We didnt play Tennis. She didnt cook rice. Sunil didnt sing songs.

Ex: I will eat rice. We will play Tennis. She will cook rice. Sunil will sing songs.

SIMPLE PRESENT Q W.+ do+ S+V(inf)+ O QW .+does +S +V(inf) +O Ex: Do I eat rice? Why do we play Tennis? Does she cook rice? How does Sunil sing songs?

SIMPLE FUTURE QW.+will + S+V(inf) +O Ex: will I eat rice? When will we play Tennis? Will she cook rice? How will Sunil sing songs? SIMPLE FUTURE S +will not+ V(inf) +O Ex: I will not eat rice. We will not play Tennis. She will not cook rice. Sunil will not sing songs.

SIMPLE PRESENT S+do not +V(inf)+ O S +does not +V(inf) +O Ex: I dont eat rice. We dont play Tennis. She doesnt cook rice. Sunil doesnt sing songs.

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SIMPLE PAST QW.+ didnt +S+V(inf) +O Ex: Didnt I eat rice? Why didnt we play Tennis? Didnt she cook rice? Why didnt Sunil sing songs? SIMPLE PRESENT Q W.+ dont+ S+V(inf) +O QW .+doesnt +S +V(inf) +O Ex: Dont I eat rice? Why dont we play Tennis? Doesnt she cook rice? Why doesnt Sunil sing songs? SIMPLE FUTURE QW.+ will not+ S+V(inf) +O Ex: wont I eat rice? Why wont we play Tennis? Wont she cook rice? Why wont Sunil sing songs?

CONTINUOUS TENSES PAST CONTINUOUS S + was/were +V+ing +O Ex: I was eating rice. We were playing Tennis. She was cooking rice. Sunil was singing songs.

POSITIVE PRESENT CONTINUOUS S+ am/is/are+ V+ing + O Ex: I am eating rice. We are playing Tennis. She is cooking rice. Sunil is singing songs. FUTURE CONTINUOUS S+ will be +V+ing +O Ex: I will be eating rice. We will be playing Tennis. She will be cooking rice. Sunil will be singing songs. FUTURE CONTINUOUS QW.+ will +S+ be +V+ing +O Ex: will I be eating rice? How will we be playing Tennis? Will he be cooking rice? When will Sunil be singing songs? FUTURE CONTINUOUS S+ will not be +V+ing +O (Will not be=wont be) Ex: I wont be eating rice. We wont be playing Tennis. She wont be cooking rice. Sunil wont be singing songs.

INTERROGATIVE PAST CONTINUOUS QW.+ was/were+S+ +V+ing +O Ex: was I eating rice? When were we playing Tennis? Was she cooking rice? When was Sunil singing songs? NEGATIVE PAST CONTINUOUS S + was/were +not+V+ing +O (Was not= wasnt) (Were not= werent) Ex: I wasnt eating rice. We werent playing Tennis. She wasnt cooking rice. Sunil wasnt singing songs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS QW.+ Am/is/are +S+ V+ ing + O Ex: Am I eating rice? Why are we playing Tennis? Is she cooking rice? Why is Sunil singing songs? PRESENT CONTINUOUS S+ am/is/are+not+ V+ing + O (Is not= isnt) (Are not= arent) Ex: I am not eating rice. We are not playing Tennis. She is not cooking rice. Sunil is not singing songs.

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE PAST CONTINUOUS QW.+ was/were+not+S+ +V+ing +O PRESENT CONTINUOUS QW+ Am/is/are +not+ S+ V+ing + O FUTURE CONTINUOUS QW.+ will not+S+ be +V+ing +O

Ex: wasnt I eating rice? Why werent we playing Tennis? Wasnt she cooking rice? Why wasnt Sunil singing songs?

Ex: Am I not eating rice? Why arent we playing Tennis? Isnt she cooking rice? Why isnt Sunil singing songs?

Ex: wont I be eating rice? Why wont we be playing Tennis? Wont he be cooking rice? Why wont Sunil be singing?

PERFECT TENSES PAST PERFECT S+had +V(PP)+ object Ex: I had eaten rice. We had played Tennis. She had cooked rice. Sunil had sung songs. INTERROGATIVE PAST PERFECT QW.+ had+ S+ + verb(PP)+ O Ex: had I eaten rice? Had we played Tennis? Why had she cooked rice? Had Sunil sung songs?

POSITIVE PRESENT PERFECT S +have+ V(PP)+ O S+ has+ V(PP)+O Ex: I have eaten rice. We have played Tennis. She has cooked rice. Sunil has sung songs. FUTURE PERFECT S+ will have +V(PP)+ object Ex: I will have eaten rice. We will have played Tennis. She will have cooked rice. Sunil will have sung songs. FUTURE PERFECT QW+ will+ S+ have+ V(PP)+ O Ex: Will I have eaten rice? Will we have played Tennis? How Will she have cooked rice? Will Sunil have sung songs?

PRESENT PERFECT QW.+ have +S+ V(PP)+ O QW+ has + S+V(PP)+O Ex: Have I eaten rice? Have we played Tennis? How Has she cooked rice? Has Sunil sung songs?

NEGATIVE PAST PERFECT S+ hadnt +V(PP)+ object Had not=hadnt PRESENT PERFECT S +havent + V(PP)+ O S+ hasnt + V(PP)+O FUTURE PERFECT S+ will not have +V(PP)+ O Will not have=wont have

Ex: I had eaten rice. We hadnt played Tennis. She hadnt cooked rice. Sunil hadnt sung songs.

Ex: I havent eaten rice. We havent played Tennis. She hasnt cooked rice. Sunil hasnt sung songs.

Ex: I wont have eaten rice. We wont have played Tennis. She wont have cooked rice. Sunil wont have sung songs. FUTURE PERFECT QW+ wont+ S+ have+ V(PP)+ O Ex: Wont I have eaten rice? Wont we have played Tennis? Why Wont she have cooked rice? Wont Sunil have sung songs?

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE PAST PERFECT QW.+ hadnt+ S+ + verb(PP)+ O Ex: Hadnt I eaten rice? Hadnt we played Tennis? Why hadnt she cooked rice? Hadnt Sunil sung songs? PRESENT PERFECT QW.+ havent +S+ V(PP)+ O QW+ hasnt+ S+V(PP) +O Ex: Havent I eaten rice? Havent we played Tennis? Why Hasnt she cooked rice? Hasnt Sunil sung songs?

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS S+ had been +V +ing+ object+ time Ex: I had been eating rice. We had been playing Tennis for hours. She had been cooking rice since 8 am. Sunil had been singing songs for years.

POSITIVE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS S+ will have been +V+ ing+ object +time I will have been eating rice. We will have been playing Tennis. She will have been cooking rice. Sunil will have been singing songs for years.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS S +have been+ V+ ing + O+ time S+ has been+ V+ ing +O+ time Ex: I have been eating rice. We have been playing Tennis for hours. She has been cooking rice since 8 am. Sunil has been singing songs for years.

INTERROGATIVE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS QW.+had+S+been verb+ing+O+time PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS QW.+ have+S+been+ V+ing+ O+time QW+ has+ S+been+V+ing+O+time Have I been eating rice? Have we been playing Tennis for hours? How Has she been cooking rice? Has Sunil been singing songs for years? FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS QW+ will+S+have+ been+V+ing+ O+time

Had I been eating rice? Had we been playing Tennis for hours? Why had she been cooking rice? Had Sunil been singing songs for years?

Will I have been eating rice? Will we have been playing Tennis? How Will she have been cooking rice? Will Sunil have been singing songs for years?

NEGATIVE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS S+ hadnt been +V +ing+ object+ time PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS S +havent been+ V+ ing + O+ time S+ hasnt been+ V+ ing +O+ time Ex: I havent been eating rice. We havent been playing Tennis for hours. She hasnt been cooking rice since 8 am. Sunil hasnt been singing songs for years. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS S+ wont have been +V+ ing+ object +time I wont have been eating rice. We wont have been playing Tennis. She wont have been cooking rice. Sunil wont have been singing songs for years.

I hadnt been eating rice. We hadnt been playing Tennis for hours. She hadnt been cooking rice since 8 am. Sunil hadnt been singing songs for years.

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS QW.+hadnt+S+been verb+ing+O+time PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS QW.+ havent+S+been+ V+ing+ O+time QW+ hasnt+ S+been+V+ing+O+tim e Havent I been eating rice? FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS QW+ wont+S+have+ been+V+ing+ O+time

Hadnt I been eating rice?

Wont I have been eating rice?

Hadnt we been playing Tennis for hours? Why hadnt she been cooking rice? Hadnt Sunil been singing songs for years?

Havent we been playing Tennis for hours? Why Hasnt she been cooking rice? Hasnt Sunil been singing songs for years?

Wont we have been playing Tennis? Why Wont she have been cooking rice? Wont Sunil have been singing songs for years?

PASSIVE VOICE
POSITIVE SIMPLE PAST S +was/were +V(PP) + (by whom) (I ate rice.) Rice was eaten by me. (She wrote books.) Books were written by her. SIMPLE PRESENT O +am/is/are +V(PP) + (by whom) (I eat rice.) Rice is eaten by me. (She writes books.) Books are written by her. SIMPLE FUTURE O + will be +V(PP) +(by whom) (I will eat rice.) Rice will be eaten by me (She will write books.) Books will be written by her.

INTERROGATIVE SIMPLE PAST QW +was/were +O +V(PP) +(by whom) Was rice eaten by me? Were books written by her? How was tea made by him? SIMPLE PRESENT QW+ am/is/are +O + V(PP)+(by whom) Is rice eaten by me? Are books written by her? How is tea made by him? SIMPLE FUTURE QW+ will +O+ be +V(PP)+ (by whom) Will rice be eaten by me? Will books be written by her? How will tea be made by him?

NEGATIVE SIMPLE PAST O +was/were +NOT +V(PP) +(by whom) Rice was not eaten by me. Books were not written by her. Tea was not made by him. SIMPLE PRESENT O +am/is/are +NOT +V(PP) +(by whom) Rice is not eaten by me. Books are not written by me. Tea is not made by him. SIMPLE FUTURE O +will NOT be +V(PP) +(by whom) Rice will not be eaten by me. Books will not be written by her. Tea will not be made by him.

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SIMPLE PAST QW +wasnt/werent +O+V(PP) +(by whom) Wasnt rice eaten by me? Werent books written by her? Wasnt tea made by him? SIMPLE PRESENT QW+ am not/isnt/arent +O+V(PP) +(by whom) Isnt rice eaten by me? Arent books written by me? Isnt tea made by him? SIMPLE FUTURE QW +wont+ O+ be +V(PP) +(by whom) Wont rice be eaten by me? Wont books be written by her? Wont tea be made by him?

CONTINUOUS TENSES PAST CONTINUOUS S +was/were +BEING+V(PP) +(by whom) (I was eating rice.) Rice was being eaten by me. (She was writing books.) Books were being written by her.

POSITIVE PRESENT CONTINUOUS O +am/is/are +BEING+V(PP) +(by whom) (I am eating rice.) Rice is being eaten by me. (She is writing books.) Books are being written by her.

INTERROGATIVE

PAST CONTINUOUS QW+ was/were +O +BEING+V(PP) +by whom Was rice being eaten by me? Were books being written by her? Was she being interviewed?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS QW+ am/is/are +O +BEING+V(PP) +by whom Is rice being eaten by me? Are books being written by her? Is she being interviewed?

NEGATIVE PAST CONTINUOUS O+ wasnt/werent+BEING+V( PP) +(by whom) Rice wasnt being eaten by me. Books werent being written by her. PRESENT CONTINUOUS O+ am/isnt/arent+BEING+V( PP) +(by whom) Rice isnt being eaten by me. Books arent being written by her.

She wasnt being interviewed.

She isnt being interviewed.

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE PAST CONTINUOUS QW+ wasnt/werent+ O+BEING+V(PP) +(by whom) Wasnt rice being eaten by me? Werent Books being written by her? Wasnt She being interviewed? PRESENT CONTINUOUS QW+ am/isnt/arent +O +BEING+V(PP) +(by whom) Isnt rice being eaten by me? Arent Books being written by her? Isnt she being interviewed?

PERFECT TENSES PAST PERFECT O+had been +V(PP)+( by whom) (I had eaten rice.) Rice had been eaten by me. (She had writtenbooks.) Books had been written by her. INTERROGATIVE PAST PERFECT QW+had+O+been+V(PP) +(by whom) (Had I eaten rice?) Had rice been eaten by me? (Had she written books?) Had books been written by her? NEGATIVE PAST PERFECT O+had not been +V(PP)+ ( by whom)

POSITIVE PRESENT PERFECT O +have/has been+V(PP) +(by whom) (I have eaten rice.) Rice has been eaten by me. (She has written books.) Books have been written by her. FUTURE PERFECT O+will have been+V(PP)+(by whom) I will have eaten rice. Rice will have been eaten by me. She will have written books. Books will have been written by her. FUTURE PERFECT QW+will +O+have been+V(PP)+by whom (I will have eaten rice.) Rice will have been eaten by me. (She will have written books.) Books will have been written by her

PRESENT PERFECT QW+have/has+O+been+ V(PP)+ (by whom) (I have eaten rice.) Has rice been eaten by me? (She has written books.) Have books been written by her?

PRESENT PERFECT O +have/has not been+V(PP)+(by whom)

FUTURE PERFECT O+will not have been+V(PP)+(by whom)

(I hadnt eaten rice.) Rice hadnt been eaten by me. (She hadnt written books.) Books hadnt been written by her.

(I havent eaten rice.) Rice hasnt been eaten by me. (She hasnt written books.) Books havent been written by her.

(I wont have eaten rice.) Rice wont have been eaten by me. (She wont have written books.) Books wont have been written by her.

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE PAST PERFECT QW+ hadnt +O+ been +V(PP) +(by whom) (Hadnt I eaten rice?) Hadnt rice been eaten by me? (Hadnt she written books?) Hadnt books been written by her? PRESENT PERFECT QW+ havent/hasnt +O+been+V(PP)+ (by whom) (Havent I eaten rice?) Hasnt rice been eaten by me? (Hasnt she written books?) Havent books been written by her? FUTURE PERFECT QW+wont+O+have been+V(PP)+by whom (Wont I have eaten rice?) Wont rice have been eaten by me? (Wont she have written books?) Wont books have been written by her?

Causative Passive
Jack had his house painted. This sentence is similar in meaning to: Someone painted Jack's house. OR Jack's house was painted by someone. Causative verbs express the idea of someone causing something to take place. Causative verbs can be similar in meaning to passive verbs. Examples: My hair was cut. (Passive) I had my hair cut. /I got my hair cut. (Causative) Either 'make', 'have' or get can be used as causative verbs.

Make
'Make' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person requires another person to do something. Construction Chart

Subject + Make + Person + Base Form of Verb

Examples: Peter made her do her homework. My father made me clean the room when I was just a lad. Notice that in the passive with make, an infinitive with to follows:
The teacher will make me rewrite the test if my mark is poor. I will be made to rewrite the test if my mark is poor.

I was made to clean my room when I was just a lad.

Have
'Have' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person wants something to be done for them. This causative verb is often used when speaking about various services. There are two forms of the causative verb 'have'. Construction Chart: Use 1

Subject + Have + Person + Base Form of Verb

Examples: They had John arrive early. She had her children cook dinner for her. Construction Chart: Use 2 Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle Examples: I had my hair cut last Saturday. She had the car washed at the weekend. Note: This form is similar in meaning to the passive.

GET
I got my car washed and the oil changed. She got her computer repaired.