MOBILE COMPUTING

QUESTION BANK 1. Define SAMA. Spread Aloha Multiple Access is a combination of CDMA and TDMA. The CDMA better suits for connection oriented services only and not for connection less bursty data traffic because it requires to program both sender and receiver to access different users with different codes. 2. Define CDMA. Code Division Multiple Access systems use codes with certain characteristics to separate different users. To enable access to the shared medium without interference. The users use the same frequency and time to transmit data. The main problem is to find good codes and to separate this signal from noise. The good code can be found the following 2 characteristic 1.Orthogonal. 2.AutoCorrelation. 3..What are the several versions in CSMA? There are several versions in CSMA, they are as follows a) non-persistent CSMA b) p-persistent CSMA c) 1-persistent CSMA 4.What is meant by non-persistent CSMA? In, non-persistent CSMA, stations sense the carrier and start sending immediately if the medium is idle., if the medium is busy, the station pauses a random amount of time before sensing the medium again and repeating this pattern. 5.What is meant by p-persistent CSMA? In p-persistent CSMA system nodes also sense the medium, but only transmit with a probability of p. With the station deferring to the next slot with the probability 1-p, i.e. access is slotted in addition. 6. What is SDMA? Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) is used for allocating separated spaces to users

in wireless networks. The basis for the SDMA algorithm is formed by cells and sectorized antennas which constitute the infrastructure implementing space division multiplexing (SDM) 7. What is FDD? In FDMA, the base station and the mobile station establish a duplex channel. The two directions, mobile station to base station and vice versa are separated using different frequencies. This Scheme is called Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) 8. What are the 2 sub layers in DLC? Logical Link Control(LLC) Media Access Control(MAC) 9) What is EY-NMPA? Elimination yield Non Pre-emptive Multiple Access (EY-NMPA) is a scheme which uses several phases to sense the medium. access the medium and for contention resolution.. Priority schemes can also be included. This is actually used in HIPERLAN1 specification. 10) What do you mean by Polling? Polling is a strictly centralized scheme with one master and several slave stations. The master can collect the list of stations during the contention phase and can poll these slaves according to many schemes like round robin, random access, reservation scheme etc. 11) What are the four types of handover available in GSM? 1.Intra cell Handover 2.Inter cell Intra BSC Handover 3.Inter BSC Intra MSC handover 4.Inter MSC Handover 12) What is TETRA? TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) systems use different radio carrier frequencies, but they assign a specific carrier frequencies for a short period of time according to demand. TETRAs are highly reliable and extremely cheap. 13) what are the categories of Mobile services? Bearer services

 Tele services Supplementary services 14) What are the services provided by supplementary services? User identification Call redirection Call forwarding Closed user groups Multiparty Communication 15) What are types of Handover? Intra-cell handover Inter-cell ,intra- BSC handover Inter-BSC, intra-MSC handover Inter MSC handover 16.What is meant by GPRS? The General Packet Radio Service provides packet mode transfer for applications that exhibit traffic patterns such as frequent transmission of small volumes. 17) What are subsystems in GSM system? Radio subsystem(RSS) Network & Switching subsystem(NSS) Operation subsystem(OSS) 18) What are the information in SIM? card type, serial no, list of subscribed services Personal Identity Number(PIN) Pin Unlocking Key(PUK) An Authentication Key(KI) 19) Define Normal Burst? The frame used for normal data transmission within a time slot is called Normal Burst. 20) What are the logical channels in GSM? Traffic channel(TCH) Control channel(CCH)

23) What is the function of Medium Access Control Layer? The functions of Medium Access Control Layer is responsible for establishes, maintains, and releases channels for higher layers by activating and deactivating physical channels. 24) What is meant by GEO? GEO means Geostationary or Geosynchronous earth orbit. GEO satellites have a distance of almost 36000 km to the earth. Examples are almost all TV and radio broadcast satellites, many weather satellites and satellites operating as backbone for the telephone network. 25) what are the advantages of GEO? Three GEO satellites are enough for a complete coverage of almost any spot on earth, senders and receivers can use fixed antennas positions, no adjusting is needed. Therefore GEOs are ideal for T.V and radio broadcasting. 26)What is Handover? The satellite is the base station in satellite communication systems and that it self is moving. So, additional instance of handover are necessary due to the movement of the satellite 1.Intra Satellite handover: 2.Inter Satellite handover. 3.Gateway handover. 4.Inter System handover. 27) What are the registers maintained by the gateway of satellite? 1.Home Location Register(HLR). 2.Visitor Location Register(VLR). 3.Satellite User Mapping Register(SUMR). 28)Advantages of MEO Using Orbits around 10,000Km, the system only requires a dozen satellites which is more than the GEO system, but much less than a LEO system. Further more these satellites move slower relative to the earths rotation allowing a simpler system design. Depending on the inclination a MEO can cover larger populations, thus requiring less handovers.

29) Applications of Satellite ? Satellites can be used in the Following Areas Weather Forecasting Radio and TV broadcast Satellites Military Satellites Satellites for Navigation 30) What are the applications in satellites? Weather forecasting satellites Radio & TV broadcast satellites Military satellites Satellites for navigation Mobile communication 31) What are the advantages of LEO? Data rate is 2400 bit/s Packet delay is relatively low Smaller footprints of LEO allows frequency reuse Provide high elevations 32) Define the inclination angle and perigee. The inclination angle is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the plane described by the satellite orbit. An inclination angle of 0 degrees means that the satellite is exactly above the equator. If the satellite does not have a circular orbit, the closest point to the earth is called the perigee. 33) Define the elevation angle and footprint. The elevation angle is defined as the angle between the centre of satellite beam and the plane tangential to the earths surface. The foot-print can be defined as the area on earth where the signals of the satellite can be received. 34) Define Header core. Seven bytes field contains the sizes of the header and the body, the content type of the object. Depending on this header information, the receiver may decide if it has enough resources(memory, cpu, power, display etc) available to decode and further process the object.

35) What is MSC? Main Service Channel(MSC) carries all user data. eg. audio, multimedia data. 36) What is FIC? The Fast Information Channel(FIC) contains Fast Information Block(FIB) with 256bits each(16 bit checksum). An FIC carries all control information which is required for interpreting the configuration and content of the MSC. 37) What are the different types of disk? A flat disks Skewed disks Multi disks 38) What are the goals of DVB? The goal of DVB is to introduce digital TV broadcasting using satellite transmission (DVB-5) cable technology (DVB-c) and terrestrial transmission (DVB-7). 39) Name some of the formats supported by MOT?. Multimedia and Hypermedia information coding experts group(MHEG) Join photograph s experts group(JPEG) American standard code for information interchange(ASCII) Moving pictures expert group(MPEG) Hypertext markup language(HTML) Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) Bitmap(BMP) Graphics interchange format(GIF) 40) Give structure MOT object. 7bytes variable size variable size Header core Header Extension Body Header core : contain the size of the header and body and the content type of the object. Header Extension : contains additional object handling data such as repetition distance to support caching, segmentation information and priority of the data. Body : contains arbitrary data to be transmitted.

41)What are different interleaving and repetition schemes applied by DAB to objects and segments? 1.Object Repetition. 2.Interleaved Objects. 3.Segment repetition. 4.Header repetition. 42) What are the advantages of DAB? 1.DAB can offer sound in CD like quality. 2.DAB can use single frequency network where all senders transmitting the same radio program can operate at the same frequency. 3.DAB use VHF and UHF frequency bands. 4.DAB uses DQPSK modulation scheme. 5.DAB user COFDM and FEC. 6.DAB can transmit up to six stereo audio programmes with a data rate of 192kbit/s each. 43) What is object repetition? DAB can repeat objects several times. If an object A consists of four segments(A1,A2,A3,A4) a single repetition pattern would be A1A2A3A4A1A2A3A4A1A2A3A4.. 44) What is EIT? Event Information Table(EIT) contains status information about the current transmission and some additional information for set-top boxes. 45) What are the service information sent by DVB? Digital Video Broadcast Containers are basically MPEG-2 frames. DVB sends service information. These information are, 1.Network information table(NIT). 2.Service Description Table(SDT). 3.Event Information Table(EIT). 4.Time and Date Table(TDT) 46) What are the advantages of DVB? 1.Data rates planned for users are 6-38mbit/s for the downlink and 33-100kbit/s for the uplink. 2.Transmitted along with TV programmes and doesn t require additional lines or hardware per customer.

3.Can be used in remote areas and developing countries where there is no high band width wired network. 47) what is meant by beacon? A beacon contains a timestamp and other management information used for power management and roaming. e.g., identification of the base station subsystem(BSS) 48) What is Active scanning? Active scanning comprises sending a probe on each channel and waiting for response. Beacon and Probe response contain the information necessary to join the new BSS. 49) What is Passive Scanning? Passive Scanning Simply means listening into the medium to find other networks, i.e. receiving the beacon of another network issued by the synchronization function within an access point 50) what is the primary goal of IEEE 802.11? The primary goal of the standard was the specification of a simple, robust, WLAN which offers time bounded and asynchronous services also it should be able to operate with multiple physical layers.

QUESTION BANK UNIT-1 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION FUNDAMENTALS Part-1 (2 Marks) 1. What are the 3 fundamental propagation behaviors depending on their frequency? 2. What is multipath propagation? 3. What is guard space? 4. What is the 3 different basic shemes analog modulation? 5. What is the use of Phase Lock Loop (PLL)? 6. What is hopping sequence? 7. What is dwell time? 8. What are the advantages of cellular systems? 9. What is browsing channel allocation and fixed channel allocation? 10. What are the disadvantages of cellular systems? 11. What is digital sense multiple access?

12. What is Network and Switching subsystem? 13. What is authentication centre? 14. What is called burst and normal burst? 15. What are the basic groups of logical channels? 16. Define traffic multi frame and control multi frame? 17. What is OVSF? 18. Specify the steps perform during the search for a cell after power on? 19. Explain about transparent mode? 20. What are the basic classes of handovers? Part -B 1. Explain about Mobile services (16) 2. Explain System architecture (16) 3. Explain briefly about TETRA (16) 4. Write brief about UMTS and IMT-2000(16) 5. Explain about UTRAN (16)

UNIT-2- TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS Part -1(2 Marks) 1. Specify the security services offered by GSM. 2. What is the frequency range of uplink and downlink in GSM network? 3. What are the two basic groups of logical channels in GSM? 4. What are the control channel groups in GSM? 5. List out the numbers needed to locate an MS and to address the MS. 6. What are the four possible handover scenarios in GSM? 7. What are the security services offered by GSM? 8. What is meant by GGSN? 9. What is meant by SGSN? 10. What is meant by BSSGP? 11. Define the protocol architecture of DECT. 12. Specify the standards offered by TETRA. 13. How many ITU standardized groups of 3G radio access technologies are there in IMT-2000? 14. What are the steps perform during the search for a cell after power on? 15. What are the two basic classes of handover? 16. What are the two basic transport mechanisms used by DAB? 17. What are the two transport modes defined for MSC? 18. Define the terms: 19. Define Elevation Angle. 20. What are the factors limited the number of sub channels provided within the satellite channel?

Part-B 1. Explain GSM architecture (16) 2. Explain Satellite networks in detail (16) 3. Write short notes on DAB (16) 4. Write short notes on DVB (16) 5. Explain about DECT (16)

UNIT-III WIRLESS LAN IT 1402 MOBILE COMPUTING Part-A (2 marks) 1. What are the advantages of WLANS? 2. Mention some of the disadvantages of WLANS? 3. Mention the design goals of WLANS? 4. What is the difference between infrastructure and ad-hoc networks? 6. Mention the features of infrared transmission? 7. What are the disadvantages of infrared transmission? 8. Mention the features of radio transmission? 10. Define frequency hopping spread spectrum? 11. Define random back off time? 12. What is Traffic Indication Map? 13. What is Delivery Traffic Indication Map? 14. What is Ad-hoc TIM? 15. What is meant by roaming? 16. Mention the features of HIPERLAN1? 17. What are the three phases of medium access in EY-NPMA? 18. Mention the elements of Bluetooth core protocols? 19. What is the purpose of sniff state? 20. What is the use of hold state? 21. What is the purpose of park state?

Part-B 1. Explain the architecture of IEEE 802.11(16) 2. Explain the MAC layer in IEEE802.11 (16) 3. Explain HIPERLAN 1 in detail HIPERLAN 1(16) 4. Explain about WATM (16) 5. Writ e short notes on Bluetooth. (16) UNIT: 4- MOBILE NETWORK LAYER

Part A (2 marks) 1. What are the requirements of mobile IP? 2. Mention the different entities in a mobile IP. 3. What do you mean by mobility binding? 4. Define a tunnel. 5. What is encapsulation? 6. What is decapsulation? 7. Define an outer header. 8. Define an inner header. 9. What is meant by generic routing encapsulation? 10. What is the use of network address translation? 11. Define triangular routing. 12. What is meant by a binding cache? 13. Define binding request. 14. What is known as Binding update? 15. Explain binding acknowledgement. 16. Define binding warning. 17. Explain cellular IP. 18. What are the advantages of cellular IP? 19. What is known as mobility anchor point? 20. Explain destination sequence distance vector routing 21. What are the two things added to the distance vector algorithm? 22. How the dynamic source routing does divide the task of routing into two separate problems? Part -B 1. What are the requirements of a mobile IP? (16) 2. What are the entities in mobile IP? (16) 3. Explain tunneling and encapsulation in mobile IP. (16) 4. Describe Dynamic host configuration protocol. (16) 5. Explain routing in IPv6. (16)

UNIT-V TRANSPORT AND APPLICATION LAYERS Part-A (2 marks) 1. What is slow start? 2. What is the use of congestion threshold? 3. What led to the development of Indirect TCP? 4. What is the goal of M-TCP? 5. What do you mean by persistent mode? 6. What are the characteristics of 2.5G/3.5G wireless networks?

7. What are the configuration parameters to adapt TCP to wireless environments? 8. State the requirements of WAP. 9. Name the layers of WAP. 10. Name some ICMP messages. 11. What is WTP? What are its classes? 12. What is WSP? 13. Name some features of WSP adapted to web browsing. IT 1402 MOBILE COMPUTING 14. What is WML? 15. What are the features of WML? 16. What are the advantages of WML Script over WML? 17. Name the libraries specified by WMLScript. 18. What are the classes of libraries? 19. Name the operations performed by PAP. 20. What are the components of WAP2.0? Part-B 1. Explain traditional TCP. (16) 2. Explain classical TCP improvements (16) 3. Write short notes on WAP (16)

B.E/B.Tech. Degree Examination, April/May 2008 Eighth Semester (Regulation 2004) Computer Science and Engineering IT 1402- Mobile Computing Part-A(10*2=20 marks) 1. Assume a receiver is located 10 km from a 150 W transmitter. The carrier frequency is 6 GHz and free space propagation is assumed, Gain at transmitter is 1 dB and Gain at receiver is 1 dB. (a) Calculate the transmit power in dBW. (b) Find the power at the receiver in Watts. 2. What limits the number of simultaneous users in a TDM/FDM system compared to a CDM system ? What happens to the transmission quality of connections if the load gets higher on the cell ? 3. Consider the handoff procedure in GSM system that is based on relative signal strength with threshold; that is, a mobile switches from one cell to another if (a) the signal at the current BS is sufficiently weak (less than a predefined threshold) and (b) the other signal is stronger than the two. What are the drawbacks of this scheme, when the threshold is too low or too high ? 4. State the different types of transport modes and channels used to carry packets in Digital Audio Broadcasting. 5. In the Distributed Coordination Function(DCF) protocol of IEEE 802.11, why does a Node wait only SIFS time units (after the last data packet reception) before sending an ACK, while waiting DIFS time units before attempting a data transmission ? 6. What are the advantages and problems of forwarding mechanisms in Bluetooth networks regarding security and power saving ? 7. How can DHCP be used for mobility and support of Mobile IP ?

8. What are the differences between AODV and the standard distance vector algorithm ? Why are extensions needed ? 9. How and why does I-TCP isolate problems on the wireless link ? What are the main drawbacks of this solution ? 10.Mention two WAP service providers. Find two cell phones supporting WAP and identify which WAP version they support.

Part-B(5*16=80 marks) 11. (a) How does frequency reuse enhance cellular network capacity ? Besides the number of users, what other major factor influences the decision on cluster size ? A cellular system uses frequency spectrum 1800 MHz to 1840 MHz for uplink channels and 1860 MHz to 1900 MHz for downlink channels respectively. Each channel takes 200 KHz and can be shared by 8 users. Each user needs one uplink and one downlink channel. How many users can be supported without frequency reuse in this cellular system ? [16] (OR) (b) What is the use of spread spectrum ? Sketch the block diagram of the Transmitter and Receiver of DSSS. Explain what each block does and what the signal looks like (in time and/or frequency domains) at each location in the block diagram with an example.[16]

12. (a) Name the main elements of GSM system architecture and describe their functions. What are the advantages of specifying not only the radio interface but also the internal interfaces of the GSM system ? Explain the inter-BSC,intra-MSC handover process in the GSM system using typical signals and a message sequence chart. Explain the decision points and the resource allocation steps,if they exist.[16] (OR) (b) What is DAB ? Explain the components,frame format and the protocol used by DAB to access different formats of data also describe how DVB is used for data broadcasting and to access high speed internet. [16]

13. (a) (i) Using IEEE 802.11 (DCF): S1 and S2 send CBR/UDP traffic to the common destination D. Consider S1,S2 and D all within receive

range of each other when the basic scheme is used (no RTS/CTS): Describe a collision (what happens before,during and after).What does the collision probability depend on ? When RTS/CTS is used: What are the changes to the previous answers ? comment also on the throughput and fairness. [16] (OR) (b) (i) Describe the briefly how collision is avoided in HIPERLAN-1. [8] (ii)Draw the protocol architecture of Bluetooth and explain briefly the Base band layer and L2CAP of Bluetooth. [8]

14. (a) Given the network topology below, use the dynamic source routing algorithm to compute the shortest path from A to all other nodes. Make sure to show the results of the computation at each step.[16] 7 B --- D |\ 1/ | |\/| 12| /\ |1 | /10\ | A --- C -------- E 31 (OR) (b) Consider a mobile node MN from network X. The user of MN wishes to communicate with a corresponding node CN in network Y. The node MN moves from X to a foreign network A. Describe the sequence of messages that are required in Mobile IPv4 so that MN and CN can continue to communicate. Include both the user data messages and the Mobile IP control messages. Now, consider the case where CN moves to foreign network B while MN is still in the foreign network A. Can CN and MN still communicate ? (Does Mobile IP support both endpoints moving? ) Show the message flow to indicate how it will succeed or fail in this case. [16] 15. (a) As a transport layer protocol, TCP uses a window mechanism to exercise flow control over the best effort IP in the internet. Flow control is exercised by the edge router based on congestion status encountered in the core routers between teh TCP sender and TCP receiver.

(i) Describe the operation of the window flow control mechanism. [8] (ii)ACKs from the TCP receiver are the basis that the TCP sender uses to adjust the sending window size. Describe and discuss how ACKs are used for this purpose. [8] (OR) (b) Specify the enhancements made to the basic client server architecture of the web to suit a mobile wireless user ? Briefly discuss the main goals of WAP. Expain the layers of WAP protocol used to achieve the following : A client wants to have a shared state with the server for transferring the content. [16]

MCA EXAMINATION, MAY /JUNE 2009 MC1633MOBILE COMPUTING. Elective

Part A 1. Define near /far effect? 2. Give any two application of satellite systems? 3. What are ad-hoc networks? 4. Define handover in WATM? 5. What is meant by Registration lifetime of a packet ? 6. What is meant by tunneling? 7. How does the standard TCP behave when a packet is lost during transmission? 8. Define time out freezing? 9. Mention the role of transaction layer in WAP? 10. Mention any two messages of WCMP? Part B 11. a)Explain in detail: i)DECT system. [Mark 8] ii)TETRA system. [Mark 8] Or b) i) Discuss LEO,MEO, and GEO satellite systems. [Mark 8] ii) Discuss Digital Video Broadcasting. [Mark 8] 12. a )Explain in detail: i)HIPERLAN [Mark 8] ii) BLUETOOTH [Mark 8] Or b) What is meant by WATM? Describe WATM reference model, location management , services and QOS. [Mark 16] 13.a) i) Discuss the purpose and application of DHCP. [Mark 8] ii) Explain agent discovery and registration. [Mark 8] Or b) Explain the various routing strategies in mobile ad-hoc networks? 14. a) Explain any 4 classical TCP improvement techniques. [Mark 16] Or b) i)Discuss Transaction oriented TCP in detail. [Mark 8] ii) Discuss TCP over 2.5/3G wireless networks. [Mark 8] 15.a) Discuss the component of WAP arch/- and its application environment. [Mark 16] Or b)i)Write short notes on WML script. [Mark 8] ii) Discuss WTA? [Mark 8]