1

(a) Diagram 1.1 shows the symbol for elements V, W, X and Y. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan simbol-simbol bagi unsur-unsur V, W, X dan Y.

35 17

24 12

37 17

40 19

Diagram 1 Rajah 1 (i) State the name of the three subatomic particles in an atom. Nyatakan nama bagi tiga zarah subatom dalam suatu atom. ............. [1 mark] (ii) Draw the electron arrangement of an ion of element X. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi satu ion bagi unsur X.

[1 mark] (iii) Which of the atoms above are isotopes of an element? Explain your answer. Yang manakah atom-atom di atas adalah isotop bagi suatu unsur? Terangkan jawapan anda. .. . [2 marks] (iv) State the position of element Y in the Periodic Table of Elements. Nyatakan kedudukan unsur Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. .... [1 mark] (v) What is the number of neutrons in atom V? Berapakah bilangan neutron dalam atom V? .... [1 mark]

(b) Table 2 shows the melting point and boiling point of substances P, Q, R and S. Jadual 2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi bahan P, Q, R dan S. Substance P Q R S Melting point (oC) 42 65 8 200 Table 1 Jadual 1 Boiling point (oC) 10 110 54 450

(i) Draw the arrangement of particles of substances Q and R at room temperature. Lukis susunan zarah-zarah bagi bahan Q dan R pada suhu bilik.

Substance Q Bahan Q

Substance R Bahan R [2 marks]

(ii) Diagram 2 shows the cooling graph of liquid Q. Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf penyejukan bagi cecair Q.

Temperature (oC) Suhu (oC)

t1
Diagram 2 Rajah 2.2 State the value of K . Nyatakan nilai K

t2

Time(s) Masa(s)

[1 mark]

2 Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus for an electrolytic cell. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk satu sel elektrolisis.

Copper(II) nitrate solution Diagram 3

(a)

State the energy change in the cell . Nyatakan perubahan tenaga dalam sel itu. .. [1 mark]

(b)

Label the anode in the cell. Labelkan anod dalam sel itu. [1 mark]

(c)

State one observation at the anode. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada anod. .. [1 mark]

(d)

Write the half equation for the reaction that takes place at the anode. Tuliskan setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di anod. .. [1 mark]

(e)

State the factor that affects the selective discharge of ions at the cathode of the cell. Nyatakan faktor yang mempengaruhi discas secara pilihan ion di katod sel itu. .. [1 mark]

(f)

What happens to the colour intensity of the solution in the cell? Apakah yang berlaku kepada keamatan warna larutan dalam sel itu? .. [1 marks]

(g) (i)

One of the uses of electrolysis in industry is electroplating of metals. State another use of electrolysis in industry. Satu daripada kegunaan elektrolisis dalam industri ialah penyaduran logam. Nyatakan satu lagi kegunaan elektrolisis dalam industri. [1 mark]

3 Table 2 shows the results of an experiment to study the properties of hydrogen chloride in different solvents. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut-pelarut yang berlainan Hydrogen chloride in Hidrogen klorida dalam Solvent P Solvent Q Pelarut P Pelarut Q No change Tiada perubahan Blue litmus paper turns red Kertas litmus biru berubah kepada merah

Experiment

Reaction with blue litmus paper. Tindak balas dengan kertas litmus biru

Reaction with a piece of magnesium Tindak balas dengan pita magnesium

No gas bubbles released Tiada gelembung gas

Colourless gas bubbles released Gelembung gas tanpa warna terbebas

Table 2 (a) Name the particles of hydrogen chloride found in Namakan zarah-zarah hidrogen klorida yang terdapat dalam (i) Solvent P Pelarut P

[1 mark]

(ii) Solvent Q Pelarut Q .. [1 mark Suggest the solvent most likely to be Cadangkan pelarut yang mungkin bagi (i) Solvent P Pelarut P

(b)

............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Solvent Q Pelarut Q ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction between hydrogen chloride in solvent Q with magnesium. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi mewakili tindak balas antara hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut Q dengan magnesium. ........................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] (i) Predict whether hydrogen chloride in solvent P can conduct electricity. Ramalkan sama ada hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut P dapat mengkonduksi elektrik. ................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii) Give the reason for your prediction. Berikan sebab bagi ramalan anda. ............................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]
4 Table 2 shows two alloys and their components. Alloy Bronze Pewter Component 90% copper 5% element X 96% tin 3% copper 1% antimony Table 3

(d)

(a)

Name element X. Namakan unsur X. .............. [1 mark]

(b)

What type of particle is found in pure copper? Apakah jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam kuprum tulen? . [1 mark] Draw the arrangement of particles in pure copper and in bronze. Lukiskan susunan zarah yang terdapat dalam kuprum tulen dan gangsa. (i) Pure copper Kuprum tulen (ii) Bronze Gangsa

(c)

[1 mark]

[2 marks]

d)

State two aims of alloying other than hardness. Nyatakan dua tujuan pengaloian selain daripada kekerasan. ......................... [2 marks]

(e) Table 4 shows the functions of three types of medicine. Jadual 6 menunjukkan fungsi tiga jenis ubat. Function Fungsi Relieve pain Mengurangkan kesakitan Kills or prevent the reproduction of bacteria Membunuh atau penghalang pertumbuhan bakteria Changes the emotions and behaviour of the patient Mengubah emosi dan perlakuan pesakit Table 4 Type of medicine Jenis ubat

Complete Table 4 by writing the type of medicine in the spaces provided. Lengkapkan jadual 6 dengan menulis jenis ubat di ruang yang disediakan. [3 marks]
5. (a) Benzoic acid is an example of food additives that can be used when processing food.
Asid benzoik adalah satu contoh bahan tambah makanan yang boleh digunakan semasa memproses makanan.

(i)

What is meant by food additives?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan bahan tambah makanan?

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) What is the function of benzoic acid?

Apakah fungsi asid benzoik?

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iii) What type of food additives that makes the texture of ice cream smooth and fine?
Apakah jenis bahan tambah makanan yang menjadikan tekstur ais krim halus dan sekata?

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b Antibiotic, psychotherapeutic medicine and analgesic are several types of medicine used to cure patients. Antibiotik, ubat psikoterapeutik dan analgesik merupakan beberapa jenis ubat yang Digunakan untuk mengubati pesakit. Table 5 shows the information about types of medicine. Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis ubat.

Type of medicine Jenis ubat Antibiotic Antibiotik Psychotherapeutic medicine Ubat psikoterapeutik Table 5
Jadual 5

Example Contoh Penicillin Penisilin Tranquilizer Trankuilizer

(i)

What are the functions of penicillin and tranquilizer? Apakah fungsi penisilin dan trankuilizer? Function of penicillin: Fungsi penisilin:

................................................................................................................................... Function of tranquilizer: Fungsi trankuilizer:

................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] 6 Diagram 4 shows a series of changes on alcohol J with a molecular formula C3H8O. Rajah 4 menunjukkan siri penukaran alkohol J dengan formula molekul C3H8O.

Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air I Propene Propena Dehydration Pendehidratan Alcohol J Alkohol J C3H8O II Propanoic acid Asid propanoik CH3CH2COOH

III

Concentrated sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik pekat

Compound Y Sebatian Y
Diagram 4 Rajah 4 (a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in process I. Tuliskan persamaan kimia di dalam proses I. .................. [1 mark] (b) Alcohol J can be converted into propanoic acid through process II. Alkohol J boleh ditukarkan kepada asid propanoik melalui proses II.

(i) State the name of process II. Nyatakan nama proses II. ............. [1 mark] (iii) Draw the structural formula for all the isomers of alcohol J. Lukiskan formula struktur semua isomer bagi alkohol J .

[2 marks] (c) Compound Y is produced from the reaction between alcohol J and propanoic acid through process III. Sebatian Y dihasilkan dari tindak balas antara alkohol J dan asid propanoik melalui proses III. (i) State the name of compound Y. Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian Y. ............ [1 mark] (ii) State a special characteristic for compound Y. Nyatakan sifat istimewa bagi sebatian Y. ...................... [1 mark]

Diagram 5 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to investigate electron transfer at a distance. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.

Electrode P

Electrode Q

Iron (II) sulphate solution

Bromine water

Sulphuric acid

Diagram 5
Based on diagram 4 answer the following questions. Berdasarkan Rajah 4, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(a)

Draw the flow of electron in diagram 5 . Lukiskan arah aliran elektron dalam Rajah 5 [1 mark]

(b)

State the function of sulphuric acid. Nyatakan fungsi asid sulfurik. [1 mark]

(c)

State the observations for iron(II) sulphate solution and bromine water. Nyatakan pemerhatian untuk larutan ferum(II) sulfat dan air bromin. Solution Larutan Iron(II) sulphate Bromine water [2 marks] Observation Pemerhatian

(d)

Write the half equation for the reactions that occur at electrode P and Q. Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod P dan Q (i) Electrode P : .. (ii) Electrode Q : .. [2 marks] State the oxidising agent and the reducing agent. Nyatakan agen pengoksidaan dan agen penurunan. (i) Oxidising agent : Agen pengoksidaan: (ii) Reducing agent: Agenpenurunan [2 marks] State the change of oxidation number for iron in iron(II) sulphate solution. Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi ferum dalam larutan ferum(II) sulfat. [1 mark]

(e)

(f)