Contents

Preface to Third Edition Contributors 1 Introduction

xi xiii
1

PART 1: THEORY, DESIGN AND PRINCIPLES COMMON TO ALL CABLE TYPES 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Basic Electrical Theory Applicable to Cable Design Materials Used in Cables Conductors Armour and Protective Finishes Cables in Fires - Material and Design Considerations Cable Standards and Quality Assurance Current Carrying Capacity Short-circuit Ratings Technical Data Applicable to Cable Planning and Usage 9 33 69 81 92 108 121 151 170

PART 2: WIRING CABLES, FLEXIBLE CABLES AND CABLES FOR GENERAL INDUSTRIAL USE 11 12 13 14 15 16 Cables for Fixed Installations Flexible Cables and Cords Auxiliary Cables (Pilot and Telephone) Manufacture of General Wiring Cables Installation of General Wiring Cables Mineral Insulated Cables 205 230 251 255 262 271

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Contents

PART 3: SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND CABLES

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Supply Distribution Systems Distribution Cable Types, Design and Applications Paper Insulated Distribution Cables PVC Insulated Cables Thermoset Insulated Cables up to 3.3 kV 600/1000 V Cables with Combined Neutral and Earth for Public Supply Service Distribution Cables Polymeric Insulated Distribution Cables for 6-30 kV Manufacture of Distribution Cables Installation of Distribution Cables Joints and Terminations for Distribution Cables Testing of Distribution Cables

283 301 316 326 335 339 346 351 365 381 401 418

PART 4: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND CABLES

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Basic Cable Types for A.C. Transmission Self-contained Fluid-filled Cables Gas Pressure Cables High Pressure Fluid-filled Pipe Cables Polymeric Insulated Cables for Transmission Voltages Techniques for Increasing Current Carrying Capacity Transmission Cable Accessories and Jointing for Pressure-assisted and Polymeric Cables Installation of Transmission Cables Thermomechanical Design D.C. Cables Testing of Transmission Cable Systems Fault Location for Transmission Cables Recent Improvements and Development of Transmission Cables

431 440 456 461 468 479 503 549 562 574 581 597 603

PART 5: SUBMARINE DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION

42 43

Submarine Cables and Systems Submarine Cable Installation

621 646

Contents

vii

PART 6: H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E S U P E R C O N D U C T I V I T Y

44 45 46

Introduction to Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors High Temperature Superconducting Power Cables

659 666 676

PART 7: OPTICAL FIBRES IN P O W E R T R A N S M I S S I O N S Y S T E M S

47 48 49 50 51 52

Introduction to Part 7 Principles of Optical Fibre Transmission and Manufacture Optical Fibre Cable Construction Composite Overhead Conductors All-dielectric Self-supporting Cables Wrap Cable

685 688 700 709 730 745

PART 8: CABLES FOR COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

53 54 55

Communication Systems Datacommunication Cables Twisted Pair Telecommunication Cables

755 779 788

APPENDICES A1 Abbreviations A2 Symbols Used A3 Conversion Factors and Multiple Metric Units A4 Conductor Data Metric conductor sizes and resistances for fixed wiring A4.1 A4.2 Metric sizes and resistances for flexible conductors A4.3 USA stranded conductors sizes and resistances for fixed wiring A4.4 Temperature correction factors for conductor resistance A4.5 Maximum diameters of circular copper conductors A4.6 Minimum and maximum diameters of circular aluminium conductors A5 Industrial Cables for Fixed Supply
P V C Armoured Power or Control Cables

795 800 803 804 804 805 806 808 809 810 811 811 812

A5.1 A5.2

Current ratings and volt drop Dimensions and weights

viii

Contents PVC Armoured Auxiliary Multicore Cables A5.3 Dimensions and weights X L P E Armoured Power or Control Cables A5.4 Current ratings and volt drop A5.5-A5.6 Dimensions and weights

813 815 816 818

A6 Cables for Fixed Installation in Buildings P VC Wiring Cables A6.1 Current ratings for single-core non-sheathed conduit cables and single-core sheathed cables A6.2 Voltage drop for single-core non-sheathed conduit cables and single-core sheathed cables A6.3 Current ratings and volt drop for flat cables A6.4-A6.6 Dimensions and weights Elastomerie Insulated Cables A6.7 Current ratings and volt drop A6.8 Dimensions and weights X L P E Insulated Floorwarming Cables A6.9 General data XL-LSF Cables Current ratings for single-core non-sheathed conduit A6.10 cables and single-core sheathed cables A6.11 Voltage drop for single-core non-sheathed conduit cables and single-core sheathed cables A6.12 Current ratings and volt drop for flat cables A6.13-A6.15 Dimensions and weights A7 Cables for Fixed Installation (Shipwiring and Offshore) Elastomerie Shipwiring Power and Instrumentation Cables A7.1 Maximum a.c. continuous current ratings in ships and offshore A7.2 Maximum a.c. continuous current ratings for specific installation conditions A7.3-A7.5 Dimensions and weights Elastomerie High Voltage Cables A7.6 Dimensions and weights A8 Flexible Cords and Cables P VC Insulated Flexible Cords A8.1 Current ratings A8.2-A8.4 Dimensions and weights Elastomerie Insulated Flexible Cords A8.5-A8.10 Dimensions and weights PVC Insulated Flexible Cords A8.11 Conductors and ratings A8.12 Dimensions and weights Elastomeric Insulated Flexible Cables A8.13-A8.14 Current ratings and volt drop A8.15-A8.17 Dimensions and weights

819 820 821 822 825 826 827

829 830 831 832 835

835 836 84O 85O 852 852 854 858 863 864 865 868

Contents Heat Resisting Flexible Cables for 250C Operation A8.18 Range and dimensions A8.19 Current ratings EPR Insulated Linaflex Flat Flexible Cords and Cables A8.20 Current ratings A8.21 Range and dimensions A9 Industrial Cables Welding Cables A9.1 A9.2 A9.3 for Special Applications Range and dimensions Resistance and volt drop Current ratings

ix

873 874 875 876 877 877 878 879 881 881 882 883 886 886 887 889 890 891 892 895 896 900 902 903 905 906 910 912 913 916 934 944 945

A10 Mining Cables Unarmoured Flexible Trailing Cables A10.1 Construction A10.2 Current ratings Range and dimensions A10.3 Pliable Armoured Flexible Trailing Cables Construction A10.4 Current ratings A10.5 A10.6 Range and dimensions Pliable Armoured Flexible Multicore Auxiliary Cables A10.7 Range and dimensions Unarmoured Flexible Cables AI0.8 Range and dimensions Pliable Armoured Flexible Cables A10.9 Current ratings A 10.10 Range and dimensions PVC Insulated Armoured Mining Power Cables A10.11 Current ratings A10.12-A10.13 Range and dimensions EPR Insulated Armoured Mining Power Cables A10.14-A10.15 Range and dimensions A l l Mineral Insulated Wiring Cables 500 V Light Duty M.L Cable A11.1-AI 1.2 Current ratings A11.3 Dimensions and weights 750 V Heavy Duty M.L Cable A11.4-AI 1.5 Current ratings AI 1.6-A11.7 Volt drops A11.8 Dimensions and weights A12 Paper Insulated Distribution Cables A12.1-A12.8 Dimensions and weights A 12.9-A 12.14 Sustained ratings A 12.15 Voltage drop A 12.16-A 12.21 Electrical characteristics

Contents

A13 PVC Insulated Distribution Cables A13.1-A13.3 Dimensions and weights A13.4-A13.6 Sustained ratings A13.7 Voltage drop A13.8-A13.9 Electrical characteristics A14 XLPE Insulated A 14.1-A 14.8 A14.9-A14.13 A14.14 A14.15-A14.19 Distribution Cables Dimensions and weights Sustained ratings Voltage drop Electrical characteristics

955 958 964 969 971 973 978 988 993 994 1001 1002 1003 1004 1004 1005 1013 1020 1020 1021 1025 1027 1027 1028 1032 1036 1036 1037 1037 1037 1038 1038 1039 1039 1040 1048 1083

A15 PVC Insulated House Service Cables A15.1 Dimensions and weights A15.2 Ratings and characteristics A16 Self-contained Fluid-filled Paper Insulated Cables A16.1 Conditions applicable Figs A16.1-A16.8 Power ratings A16.2-A16.8 Technical data A17 PPL Insulated Self-contained Fluid-filled Transmission Cables A17.1 Conditions applicable Figs A17.1-A17.4 Power ratings AI7.2-A17.3 Technical data A18 XLPE Insulated Transmission Cables A18.1 Conditions applicable Figs A18.I-A18.4 Power ratings A18.2-A18.5 Technical data A19 Minimum Installation Bending Radii General Wiring Cables Al9.1 Cables for fixed wiring A19.2 EPR insulated cables for installation in ships A19.3 PVC and EPR insulated wire armoured mining cables Distribution Cables A19.4 Paper insulated cables A 19.5 PVC and XLPE insulated cables rated at 600/1000 V and 1.9/3.3 kV A19.6 XLPE insulated cables for 6.6-22 kV Transmission Cables A19.7 Fluid-filled cables A19.8 XLPE insulated cables A20 Weibull distribution A21 Bibliography Index