Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
Submitted to:
Mrs. Roxan Cabria
Teacher, English III
Submitted by:
Peter John E. Bacomo
III-Oxygen
Good day! I’m Mickey
Mouse from Walt
Disney! I will discuss
to you what the uses
of subordinator in
English Grammar are!
Let’s go! Come with
Introduction
Introduction
Read this story aloud, paying close attention to the
subordinators. Look at the commas in the paragraph.
Jane arrived after the reading class started. When she walked
in, the professor asked her why she was late. As soon as
Jane heard that question, she knew she was in trouble. Before she
answered the teacher, she thought carefully about her words. If he
said the wrong thing, the professor would make her leave the room.
Even though there was no exam today, Jane wanted to stay and
hear review for the midterm. Finally, she thought of an excuse. "I
was late today because my husband forgot where he parked the
car after he came home from a party last night. It won't happen
again because I am going to divorce him this afternoon." When
the professor heard this, he laughed and let Jane come into the
class.
Objectives
We have some objectives why we need to discuss and
learn how to use subordinators.
So, what are you waiting for? C’mon and let’s study what
Subordinators are!
Text / Input
SUBORDINATORS
[Subordinator]
Subordinator] + Subject +
Verb, Subject + Verb. (comma)
Subject + Verb
[Subordinator]
Subordinator] + Subject
Verb. (no comma)
Text / Input
Note:
[Conjunct],
Conjunct], Subject + Verb.
Text / Input
Unlike the examples above, however, the two clauses must
be separated by a comma whatever the position of the
subordinate clause within the sentence.
Text / Input
Example:
Example:
Generalization
Okay! Before we get
finish, let 痴 generalized
or simplify first our topic,
the Subordinators.
Subordinators.
Generalization
Subordinating or dependent clauses can occur at the beginning
or end of a sentence. When used at the beginning of a sentence, a
comma is necessary after the clause itself.
S + V although S + V
Although S + V, S + V
References
• class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
• www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/engineering/transitions/3.xml
• faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/
faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/
staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• www.eslgold.com/grammar/subordinators.html
• owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions
prepositions.htm
.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition
Preposition
• www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/bryson.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction
conjunction
• www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conjunctions
conjunctions.htm
.htm
You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The
professor can sit on the desk (when he's being informal) or behind
the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the
desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk),
before the desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk
(if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or
try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk).
Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the
desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or
concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk.
Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you
wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the
desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward
the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even
past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.
Introduction
Those words in bold yellow font are all
prepositions. Some prepositions do other
things besides locate in space or time
— "My brother is like my father."
father."
"Everyone in the class except me got the
answer." — But nearly all of them modify
in one way or another. It is possible for a
preposition phrase to act as a noun —
"During a church service is not a good
time to discuss picnic plans" or "In
"In the
South Pacific is where I long to be" — but
You may have learned that ending a
sentence with a preposition is a serious
breach of grammatical etiquette. It doesn't
take a grammarian to spot a sentence-
ending preposition, so this is an easy rule
to get caught up on (!). Although it is often
easy to remedy the offending preposition,
sometimes it isn't, and repair efforts
sometimes result in a clumsy sentence.
"Indicate the book you are quoting from" is
not greatly improved with "Indicate from
which book you are quoting."
Introduction
Is it any wonder that prepositions create such troubles for
students for whom English is a second language? We say we
are at the hospital to visit a friend who is in the hospital. We
lie in bed but on the couch. We watch a film at the theater but
on television. For native speakers, these little words present
little difficulty, but try to learn another language, any other
language, and you will quickly discover that prepositions are
troublesome wherever you live and learn. This page contains
some interesting (sometimes troublesome) prepositions with
brief usage notes. To address all the potential difficulties with
prepositions in idiomatic usage would require volumes, and
the only way English language learners can begin to master
the intricacies of preposition usage is through practice and
paying close attention to speech and the written word.
Prepositions expressing spatial relations
are of two kinds: prepositions of location
and prepositions of direction. Both kinds
may be either positive or negative.
Prepositions of location appear with
verbs describing states or conditions,
especially be; prepositions of direction
appear with verbs of motion. This
handout deals with positive prepositions
of location that sometimes cause
difficulty: at, on, and in.
Objectives
It can help to build our English skills.
Point
Prepositions in this group indicate that the noun that follows them is
treated as a point in relation to which another object is positioned.
Surface
Area/Volume
In light of these
descriptions, at, on,
and in can be classified
as follows:
Text/Input
at ....... point
on ....... surface
3) The house is in
Tippecanoe county.
Location
Destination
Direction
Text/Input
Notice that in implies that
the field is enclosed,
whereas on implies only that
the following noun denotes a
surface and not necessarily
an enclosed area:
The sheep are grazing in the
pasture. (enclosed by a fence)
Text/Input
3. When the area has metaphorical instead of actual boundaries,
such as when field means "academic discipline," in is used:
c) He declared bankruptcy
(This is an idiom meaning that
last week, and now he's out
he's poor.)
on the street.
Text/Input
In a) the street is understood as an area enclosed by the sidewalks
on either side. Compare b) with the discussion of sentence 3) in the
first section. Here on locates the house on either side of Third
Street: it doesn't mean that the street is a surface on which the
house sits. Because the street is understood as a line next to which
the house is situated, on functions much like at in its normal use: it
locates the house in relation to the street but does not specify the
exact address. For that purpose, at is used because the address is
like a particular point on the line. Compare: "Our house is at 323
Third Street." In c) out on the street is an idiom meaning "poor" or
"destitute."
• In the car
• on the bus
• on the plane
• on the train
• on the ship
My wife stayed in/on the bus while I got out at the rest stop.
The passengers sat in/on the plane awaiting takeoff.
Generalization
Generalization
Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in
Prepositions of Movement: to
and No Preposition
Generalization
Generalization
A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal
verb. The word that is joined to the verb is then called a particle.
Please refer to the brief section we have prepared on phrasal verbs
for an explanation.
When two words or phrases are used in parallel and require the
same preposition to be idiomatically correct, the preposition does
not have to be used twice.
You can wear that outfit in summer and in winter.
The female was both attracted by and distracted by the male's
dance.
Generalization
Generalization
• as a modifier to a verb
o sleep throughout the winter
o danced atop the tables for hours
• as a modifier to a noun
o the weather in April
o cheeses from France with live bacteria
• as the complement of a verb
o insist on staying home
o dispose of unwanted items
• as the complement of a noun
o a thirst for revenge
• as the complement of an adjective or adverb
o attentive to their needs
o separately from its neighbors
• as the complement of another preposition
o until after supper
o from beneath the bed
References
• class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
• www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/engineering/transitions/3.xml
• faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/
faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/
staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• www.eslgold.com/grammar/subordinators.html
• owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions
prepositions.htm
.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition
Preposition
• www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/bryson.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction
conjunction
• www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conjunctions
conjunctions.htm
.htm