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• Subordinators

• Prepositions
• Conjunctions

Submitted to:
Mrs. Roxan Cabria
Teacher, English III

Submitted by:
Peter John E. Bacomo
III-Oxygen
Good day! I’m Mickey
Mouse from Walt
Disney! I will discuss
to you what the uses
of subordinator in
English Grammar are!
Let’s go! Come with

Introduction

What are Subordinators?

Subordinating conjunctions (subordinators) are words that connect


an independent clause to a dependent clause.
Subordinators do not connect individual words OR individual
phrases.
Subordinators do not connect any word groups that are the same.
Subordinators only connect independent clauses and dependent
clauses.
What does this mean?

If you begin a sentence with one of these words,


(subordinators), you need to write one more complete sentence in
order to finish the sentence. All of these subordinators are followed
by a subject and a verb, but they only tell additional information
about the main sentence.

#1 subordinating conjunctions of after, before, until, as soon as,


time: while, when
because (before the cause), since
#2 subordinating conjunctions of
(before the effect), so that (before
cause and effect:
the effect)
#3 subordinating conjunctions of
if, unless
condition:
#4 subordinating conjunctions of
show an unexpected opposite though, even though, although
result

In this lesson, you will


learn to use:
Before, after, when, as
soon as, Because, If,
Even though, although

Introduction
Read this story aloud, paying close attention to the
subordinators. Look at the commas in the paragraph.

Jane arrived after the reading class started. When she walked
in, the professor asked her why she was late. As soon as
Jane heard that question, she knew she was in trouble. Before she
answered the teacher, she thought carefully about her words. If he
said the wrong thing, the professor would make her leave the room.
Even though there was no exam today, Jane wanted to stay and
hear review for the midterm. Finally, she thought of an excuse. "I
was late today because my husband forgot where he parked the
car after he came home from a party last night. It won't happen
again because I am going to divorce him this afternoon." When
the professor heard this, he laughed and let Jane come into the
class.

Sentence Format and Punctuation


Look at the first sentence in this story. The main clause
(independent clause or main idea) is "Jane arrived." Note the
punctuation. There are two ways to write this sentence correctly,
but the punctuation changes depending on your choice. Note that
in #1, you MUST use a comma. In #2, you may NOT use a comma:

But, we have a Rule: 


Rule:  Put a
comma at the end of a
subordinate clause when it
comes first in a sentence.
Do not put a comma after
the independent clause if it
is first.

Objectives
We have some objectives why we need to discuss and
learn how to use subordinators.

One of these is to know how to use subordinator(s) in


writing and reciting English sentences.

It also helps developing English vocabulary.

It adds knowledge to us to pronounce some unfamiliar


words.

It adds more self-confidence to recite some words which is harder to


pronounce.

So, what are you waiting for? C’mon and let’s study what
Subordinators are!

Text / Input
SUBORDINATORS

 thesewords combine clauses to create complex


sentences.

Time: when, while, since, before, after, until, once


Place: where, wherever
Cause: because, since, as, now that, inasmuch as
Condition: if, unless, on condition that
Contrast/Concession: although, even though, despite, in spite of
Adversative: while, where, whereas
other: that, which, who, whoever, whom, what, why, how....

Oops! We a have a Note:


Note: These words
introduce clauses, not complete
sentences. Thus, when you use these
words, you need to make sure to use these
words in subordinate clauses that are
connected to main clauses with a comma.
comma.

Examples: When you use subordinators,


you must connect the clause containing
the subordinator to a clause without a
subordinator.

Although punctuation may seem trivial, not using punctuation


correctly makes your sentences difficult to read.

If the subordinate clause appears at the beginning of the


sentence, use a comma to connect the clauses. Subordinate clauses
are not connected with a comma when the subordinate clause is at
the end of the sentence.
Text / Input

So, we have these rules:

[Subordinator]
Subordinator] + Subject +
Verb, Subject + Verb. (comma)

Subject + Verb
[Subordinator]
Subordinator] + Subject
Verb. (no comma)

You can delete some subordinators and


still have a complex sentence. The man
(whom) you saw robbed a bank. The
comma (that) I added was not necessary.

• Use a semicolon with these words to combine complete


sentences.
• Use a comma to separate these works in a sentence.

Enumerative: first, second, third . . .; 1, 2, 3, . . .; to begin with; in


the first place, in the second place . . .; next, then; finally, to
conclude
Reinforcing: also, furthermore, moreover, in addition, above all
Equative: equally, likewise, similarly, in the same way
Summative: in conclusion, to sum up
Apposition: namely, in other words, for example (e.g.), for
instance, that is (i.e.), that is to say
Inferential: otherwise, in other words, in that case
Replacive: alternatively, rather, on the other hand
Antithetic: instead, on the contrary, in contrast, by comparison
Concessive: however, nevertheless, still, yet, in any case, at any
rate, after all
Result: consequently, hence, therefore, thus, as a result.

Text / Input
Note:

1. These conjuncts are usually parenthetical; therefore, they are


separated from the sentence by commas.
2. You can use these words to combine sentences; however, when
you do, you must use a semicolon (;).

So, these rules apply:

[Conjunct],
Conjunct], Subject + Verb. 

Subject + Verb ; [conjunct


[conjunct],
],
Subject + V

Subordinators join two clauses in


one complex sentence. As these words
introduce a dependent clause (one which
cannot stand alone as a sentence), both
clauses must be combined in one

a. Examples with the dependent clause at the beginning of


the sentence, followed by a comma

• Because water evaporates rapidly in hot climates, the


surrounding oceans have higher salinity.

• If the climate is cold, the surrounding ocean will be less


saline.
b. Examples with the dependent clause last, in which case
no comma is used

• Oceans in hot climates have higher salinity because the


water evaporates more rapidly.

• The surrounding ocean will be less saline if the climate is


cold.

As for other subordinators, whereas and while introduce a


dependent clause (one which cannot stand alone as a sentence), so
both clauses must be combined in one sentence.

Text / Input
Unlike the examples above, however, the two clauses must
be separated by a comma whatever the position of the
subordinate clause within the sentence.

a. Examples with the dependent clause at the beginning of


the sentence

• While water evaporates rapidly in hot climates, in cold


climates it evaporates slowly.

b. Examples with the dependent clause last

• In cold climates water evaporates slowly, whereas in hot


climates it evaporates rapidly.

List of common subordinators arranged by function in the sentence


To To show To show
To show To assign a
demonstrat time disagreeme
causal trait to a
e relationship nt between
relationship noun
comparison s ideas
after because
as
although
if how
as before even if
in case
as if by the time even though just as
as though like
in order for
like except that/if that
since what
ever since unless
than not only where
just as though who
every time when
unless whom
whose
once so that when
until
whenever
when
wherever
whatever
whenever
**whether
while

**whether is actually used to exclude causes.

Text / Input

The failure to recognize that subordinators


"weaken"
weaken" an independent clause into a
dependent one is a major source of
fragment errors! Whenever you use a word
from this list, make sure you have at least
one other clause that does NOT start with
a subordinator.
.

Example:

• Because it was raining, we left the game. (complete sentence)

• Because it was raining and we were leaving the game.


(fragment)

The word that is a pronoun as well as a subordinator, but the same


is not true of the word which.

Example:

• He said that he would do it. (subordinated clause highlighted)

• He said that. ("that" is a pronoun standing for something else)

• She asked which girl was the model. (subordinated clause


highlighted)

• Which was what I said. (fragment)

Generalization
Okay! Before we get
finish, let 痴 generalized
or simplify first our topic,
the Subordinators.
Subordinators.

The most common subordinators are:


(to show slight
contrast)
although, even though,
(to give reasons)
because, since*, so that,
(to indicate time
when, while, before*, after*,
relationships)
whenever,
(to indicate place)
wherever, anywhere,
(to indicate
if, unless, whether?[or not]
conditions)
as, as [adjective] as,
(to give comparisons)
whereas
(to show major
contrast)

* These words can also be used as prepositions.


Subordinators have an interesting effect on words in a sentence. A
clause (S +V) without a subordinator can stand alone as a complete
statement.

I went to the store (Complete


yesterday. statement)

However, when a subordinator is added, the statement seems


incomplete.

When I went to the store (Well, what


yesterday, . . . happened?)
The subordinating clause becomes dependent on something else to
complete its meaning:

When I went to the store yesterday, I saw (Idea is


an old friend. complete)

Generalization
Subordinating or dependent clauses can occur at the beginning
or end of a sentence. When used at the beginning of a sentence, a
comma is necessary after the clause itself.

S + V although S + V
Although S + V, S + V

In English, the subordinator always comes before the subject and


verb in a clause.

I went to the grocery store after, I


(Incorrec
stopped at the bank.
t)
After I went to the grocery store, I
(Correct)
stopped at the bank.

Subordinators and coordinators should not be used in the same


sentence to introduce clauses. Choose one or the other, but do not
use both together.

Although Nina won the prize, but she was not


(Wrong)
happy.
(Correct)
Although Nina won the prize, she was not
(Also
happy.
correct)
Nina won the prize, but she was not happy.
Alright! Congratulations!
You and I have already
finished the topic
Subordinators. We will
have our next topic to be
discussed by one of your
favorite Looney Tunes
character. But, before you
proceed on the next topic,

References

• class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
• www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/engineering/transitions/3.xml
• faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/
faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/
staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• www.eslgold.com/grammar/subordinators.html
• owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions
prepositions.htm
.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition
Preposition
• www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/bryson.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction
conjunction
• www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conjunctions
conjunctions.htm
.htm

Oh, Hello! I’ve been


waiting you so long.
That’s why I decided to
make Easter eggs while
waiting. Anyway, I’m
Daffy Duck from
Looney Tunes! And I
will discuss our next
Introduction
PREPOSITIONS:
LOCATORS IN TIME AND PLACE

A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a


sentence. In itself, a word like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless
and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to
define a preposition like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably
use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to
something else. Prepositions are nearly always combined with other
words in structures called prepositional phrases. Prepositional
phrases can be made up of a million different words, but they tend
to be built the same: a preposition followed by a determiner and an
adjective or two, followed by a pronoun or noun (called the object of
the preposition). This whole phrase, in turn, takes on a modifying
role, acting as an adjective or an adverb, locating something in time
and space, modifying a noun, or telling when or where or under
what conditions something happened.
Consider the professor's desk and all the prepositional phrases
we can use while talking about it.

You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The
professor can sit on the desk (when he's being informal) or behind
the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the
desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk),
before the desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk
(if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or
try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk).
Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the
desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or
concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk.
Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you
wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the
desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward
the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even
past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.

All of this happens, of course, in time: during the class,


before the class, until the class, throughout the class, after the
class, etc. And the professor can sit there in a bad mood [another
adverbial construction].

Introduction
Those words in bold yellow font are all
prepositions. Some prepositions do other
things besides locate in space or time
— "My brother is like my father."
father."
"Everyone in the class except me got the
answer." — But nearly all of them modify
in one way or another. It is possible for a
preposition phrase to act as a noun —
"During a church service is not a good
time to discuss picnic plans" or "In
"In the
South Pacific is where I long to be" — but
You may have learned that ending a
sentence with a preposition is a serious
breach of grammatical etiquette. It doesn't
take a grammarian to spot a sentence-
ending preposition, so this is an easy rule
to get caught up on (!). Although it is often
easy to remedy the offending preposition,
sometimes it isn't, and repair efforts
sometimes result in a clumsy sentence.
"Indicate the book you are quoting from" is
not greatly improved with "Indicate from
which book you are quoting."

Based on shaky historical precedent, the


rule itself is a latecomer to the rules of
writing. Those who dislike the rule are fond
of recalling Churchill's rejoinder: "That is
nonsense up with which I shall not put." We
should also remember the child's
complaint: "What did you bring that book
that I don't like to be read to out of up for?"

Introduction
Is it any wonder that prepositions create such troubles for
students for whom English is a second language? We say we
are at the hospital to visit a friend who is in the hospital. We
lie in bed but on the couch. We watch a film at the theater but
on television. For native speakers, these little words present
little difficulty, but try to learn another language, any other
language, and you will quickly discover that prepositions are
troublesome wherever you live and learn. This page contains
some interesting (sometimes troublesome) prepositions with
brief usage notes. To address all the potential difficulties with
prepositions in idiomatic usage would require volumes, and
the only way English language learners can begin to master
the intricacies of preposition usage is through practice and
paying close attention to speech and the written word.
Prepositions expressing spatial relations
are of two kinds: prepositions of location
and prepositions of direction. Both kinds
may be either positive or negative.
Prepositions of location appear with
verbs describing states or conditions,
especially be; prepositions of direction
appear with verbs of motion. This
handout deals with positive prepositions
of location that sometimes cause
difficulty: at, on, and in.

The handout is divided into two


sections. The first explains the spatial
relationships expressed by the three
prepositions. The second examines
more closely the uses of in and on.
Here are some objectives that can explain to us why we
need to study and use this topic to our school lessons.

Objectives
It can help to build our English skills.

It will help to develop our knowledge about this topic, the


Prepositions

To learn how prepositions will be use in writing and


reciting.

It will help to build our self-confidence in speaking the


English language.

And it will help us to have a proper pronunciation of words


and delivering speeches fluently.

C’mon and help me to discuss our topic today!


Text/Input
Dimensions and Prepositions

Prepositions differ according to the number of dimensions they refer


to. We can group them into three classes using concepts from
geometry: point, surface, and area or volume.

Point

Prepositions in this group indicate that the noun that follows them is
treated as a point in relation to which another object is positioned.

Surface

Prepositions in this group indicate that the position of an object is


defined with respect to a surface on which it rests.

Area/Volume

Prepositions in this group indicate that an object lies within the


boundaries of an area or within the confines of a volume.

Notice that although in geometry surface and area go together


because both are two-dimensional, in grammar area and volume go
together because the same prepositions are used for both.

In light of these
descriptions, at, on,
and in can be classified
as follows:

Text/Input
at ....... point

on ....... surface

in ....... / area volume

The meanings of the three prepositions can be illustrated with some


sample sentences:
All of these sentences answer a question of the
1) My car form,
is at the house.
"Where is _______?" but each gives different
information. Before going on, explain to yourself
the spatial relations shown in each sentence.

Locates a car in relation to a house, understood as a fixed point. 2) Treats


the house as a surface upon which another object, the roof, is placed. 3)
Locates the house within a geographical area. 4) Treats the house as a
three-dimensional structure that can be divided into smaller volumes,
2) There isnamely,
a new roofinside
rooms, on one of which is an object, the fireplace.
the house.

3) The house is in
Tippecanoe county.

4) There are five rooms


in the house, which has a
lovely fireplace in the
living room.
Text/Input
Using "at"

At calls for further comment. Because it is the least specific of


the prepositions in its spatial orientation, it has a great variety of
uses. Here are some of them:

Location

5a) Tom is waiting for his sister at


the bank.
5b) Sue spent the whole
afternoon at the fair.

Destination

6a) We arrived at the house.

6b) The waiter was at our table


immediately.

Direction

7a) The policeman leaped at the


assailant.

7b) The dog jumped at my face


and really scared me.

In 5a), the bank can be understood as a point defining


Tom's location, much as in 1) above. It makes less sense
to think of a fair as a point in 5b) since fairs are usually
spread out over a fairly large area. Probably at is used in
this case just because it is the least specific preposition; it
defines Sue's location with respect to the fair rather than
some other place. In 6a), at exhibits its cause/effect
relationship with to, which cannot be used here: arrival at
a place is the result of going to it. For more on this
relationship, see the handout
Prepositions of Direction: To, (On) to, (In) to. 7a) and 7b)
show that with certain verbs of motion at may be used
with the same meaning as its directional counterpart to,
that is, direction toward something. Again, see the
directional prepositions handout.
Text/Input
"in" and "on"

1. Nouns denoting enclosed spaces, such as a field or a window,


take both on and in. The prepositions have their normal meanings
with these nouns: on is used when the space is considered as a
surface, in when the space is presented as an area:

Three players are practicing


on the field. (surface)
Three cows are grazing in the
field. (area)

The frost made patterns on


the window. (surface)

A face appeared in the


window. (area)

Text/Input
Notice that in implies that
the field is enclosed,
whereas on implies only that
the following noun denotes a
surface and not necessarily
an enclosed area:
The sheep are grazing in the
pasture. (enclosed by a fence)

The cattle are grazing on the


open range. (not enclosed by a
fence )

Three players are on the


basketball court. (not enclosed)

Three players are on the soccer


field. (not enclosed)

Two boxers are in the ring.


(enclosed by ropes)

Text/Input
3. When the area has metaphorical instead of actual boundaries,
such as when field means "academic discipline," in is used:

• She is a leading researcher in the bioengineering field.


3. Several common uses of in and on occur with street. The first two
follow the general pattern of in and on usage. The third is an idiom
that must be learned as a unit.

a) The children are playing in


the street.

b) Our house is on Third


Street.

c) He declared bankruptcy
(This is an idiom meaning that
last week, and now he's out
he's poor.)
on the street.

Text/Input
In a) the street is understood as an area enclosed by the sidewalks
on either side. Compare b) with the discussion of sentence 3) in the
first section. Here on locates the house on either side of Third
Street: it doesn't mean that the street is a surface on which the
house sits. Because the street is understood as a line next to which
the house is situated, on functions much like at in its normal use: it
locates the house in relation to the street but does not specify the
exact address. For that purpose, at is used because the address is
like a particular point on the line. Compare: "Our house is at 323
Third Street." In c) out on the street is an idiom meaning "poor" or
"destitute."

4. In and on are also used with means of transportation: in is used


with a car, on with public or commercial means of transportation:

• In the car

• on the bus

• on the plane

• on the train

• on the ship

Some speakers of English


make a further distinction for
public modes of
transportation, using in when
the carrier is stationary and
on when it is in motion.

My wife stayed in/on the bus while I got out at the rest stop.
The passengers sat in/on the plane awaiting takeoff.

Generalization

We are nearly done!


But we need to
generalize our topic
first!
Prepositions of Time: at, on, and in

• We use at to designate specific times.


The train is due at 12:15 p.m.

• We use on to designate days and dates.


My brother is coming on Monday.
We're having a party on the Fourth of July.
• We use in for nonspecific times during a day, a month, a
season, or a year.
She likes to jog in the morning.
It's too cold in winter to run outside.
He started the job in 1971.
He's going to quit in August.

Generalization
Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in

We use at for specific addresses.


Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.

We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc.


Her house is on Boretz Road.

And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states,


countries, and continents).
She lives in Durham.
Durham is in Windham County.
Windham County is in Connecticut.

Prepositions of Location: in, at, and on


and No Preposition
IN AT ON NO
(the) bed* class* the bed* PREPOSIT
the home the ceiling ION
bedroom the the floor downstairs
the car library* the horse downtown
(the) class* the office the plane inside
the library* school* the train outside
school* work upstairs
uptown
* You may sometimes use different prepositions
for these locations.

Prepositions of Movement: to
and No Preposition

We use to in order to express movement toward a place.


They were driving to work together.
She's going to the dentist's office this morning.
Generalization

Toward and towards are also helpful prepositions to express


movement. These are simply variant spellings of the same word; use
whichever sounds better to you.
We're moving toward the light.
This is a big step towards the project's completion.

With the words home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside,


downstairs, upstairs, we use no preposition.
Grandma went upstairs
Grandpa went home.
They both went outside.

Prepositions of Time: for and since

We use for when we measure time (seconds, minutes, hours, days,


months, years).
He held his breath for seven minutes.
She's lived there for seven years.
The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.

We use since with a specific date or time.


He's worked here since 1970.
She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.

Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs.

Prepositions are sometimes so firmly wedded to other words that


they have practically become one word. (In fact, in other languages,
such as German, they would have become one word.) This occurs in
three categories: nouns, adjectives, and verbs.

Generalization

NOUNS and PREPOSITIONS

approval of fondnes need for


awareness s for participation
of grasp of in
belief in hatred reason for
concern for of respect for
confusion hope for success in
about interest understandi
desire for in ng of
love of

ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS

afraid of fond of proud of


angry at happy similar to
aware of about sorry for
capable of interested sure of
careless in tired of
about jealous of worried
familiar made of about
with married
to
VERBS and PREPOSITIONS

apologize give up prepare


for grow up for
ask about look for study for
ask for look talk
belong to forward to about
bring up look up think
care for make up about
find out pay for trust in
work for
worry
about

Generalization
A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal
verb. The word that is joined to the verb is then called a particle.
Please refer to the brief section we have prepared on phrasal verbs
for an explanation.

Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions

• agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle


• argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a
proposition
• compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences
(sometimes similarities)
• correspond to a thing, with a person
• differ from an unlike thing, with a person
• live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with
other people
Unnecessary Prepositions

In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using prepositions


where they are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate
these words altogether, but we must be especially careful not to use
them in formal, academic prose.

• She met up with the new coach in the hallway.


• The book fell off of the desk.
• He threw the book out of the window.
• She wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. [or use "in"]
• Where did they go to?
• Put the lamp in back of the couch. [use "behind" instead]
• Where is your college at?

Prepositions in Parallel Form

When two words or phrases are used in parallel and require the
same preposition to be idiomatically correct, the preposition does
not have to be used twice.
You can wear that outfit in summer and in winter.
The female was both attracted by and distracted by the male's
dance.

Generalization

However, when the


idiomatic use of phrases
calls for different
prepositions, we must be
careful not to omit one of
The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie.
It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from
every game he played.
He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman.

In grammar, a preposition is a part of speech that introduces


a prepositional phrase. For example, in the sentence "The cat sleeps
on the sofa", the word "on" is a preposition, introducing the
prepositional phrase "on the sofa". In English, the most used
prepositions are "of", "to", "in", "for", and "on". Simply put, a
preposition indicates a relation between things mentioned in a
sentence.

Linguists sometimes distinguish between a preposition, which


precedes its phrase, a postposition, which follows its phrase, and
as a rare case a circumposition, which surrounds its phrase. Taken
together, these three parts of speech are called adpositions. In
more technical language, an adposition is an element that,
prototypically, combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates
how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context.
Some linguists use the word "preposition" instead of "adposition" for
all three cases.

In linguistics, adpositions are considered to be members of the


syntactic category "P". "PPs",consisting of an adpositional head and
its complement phrase, are used for a wide range of syntactic and
semantic functions, most commonly modification and
complementation. The following examples illustrate some uses of
English prepositional phrases:

Generalization
• as a modifier to a verb
o sleep throughout the winter
o danced atop the tables for hours
• as a modifier to a noun
o the weather in April
o cheeses from France with live bacteria
• as the complement of a verb
o insist on staying home
o dispose of unwanted items
• as the complement of a noun
o a thirst for revenge
• as the complement of an adjective or adverb
o attentive to their needs
o separately from its neighbors
• as the complement of another preposition
o until after supper
o from beneath the bed

And now were done! But


the page that will follow is
the references were you
can find these
informations! The next
topic will discuss to you by
one of my Looney Tunes-

References
• class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/.../sentence_style/transitions_words.htm
• www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/engineering/transitions/3.xml
• faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/
faculty.mdc.edu/jgarcia/1341LdocDone/fragments/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/
staff.jccc.net/mfitzpat/style/subordinators
subordinators.htm
.htm
• www.eslgold.com/grammar/subordinators.html
• owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslprep2.html
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions
prepositions.htm
.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition
Preposition
• www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/bryson.htm
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction
conjunction
• www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm
• grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conjunctions
conjunctions.htm
.htm

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