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Calculating and dimensioning circuits and equipment are routine tasks which involve a great effort. When the focus is limited to power supply for infrastructure projects, useful possibilities can be narrowed down. Oi Simplification of operational management by transparent, simple power system structures oi Low costs for power losses, e.g. By medium-voltage-side power transmission to the load centers oi high reliability of supply and operational safety of the installations even in the event of individual equipment failures.
Calculating and dimensioning circuits and equipment are routine tasks which involve a great effort. When the focus is limited to power supply for infrastructure projects, useful possibilities can be narrowed down. Oi Simplification of operational management by transparent, simple power system structures oi Low costs for power losses, e.g. By medium-voltage-side power transmission to the load centers oi high reliability of supply and operational safety of the installations even in the event of individual equipment failures.
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Calculating and dimensioning circuits and equipment are routine tasks which involve a great effort. When the focus is limited to power supply for infrastructure projects, useful possibilities can be narrowed down. Oi Simplification of operational management by transparent, simple power system structures oi Low costs for power losses, e.g. By medium-voltage-side power transmission to the load centers oi high reliability of supply and operational safety of the installations even in the event of individual equipment failures.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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121 Siemens Energy Sector Power Engineering Guide Edition 7.0
3 3.3 Low-Voltage Switchgear 3.3.1 Requirements to Electrical Power Systems in Buildings The efciency of electrical power supply rises and falls with qualied planning. Especially in the rst stage of planning, the nding of conceptual solutions, the planner can use his cre- ativity for an input of new, innovative solutions and technolo- gies. They serve as a basis for the overall solution which has been economically and technically optimized in terms of the supply task and related requirements. The following stages of calculating and dimensioning circuits and equipment are routine tasks which involve a great effort. They can be worked off efciently using modern dimensioning tools like SIMARIS design, so that there is more freedom left for the creative planning stage of nding conceptual solutions (g. 3.3-1). When the focus is limited to power supply for infrastructure projects, useful possibilities can be narrowed down. The fol- lowing aspects should be taken into consideration when designing electric power distribution systems: Simplication of operational management by transparent, simple power system structures Low costs for power losses, e.g. by medium-voltage-side power transmission to the load centers High reliability of supply and operational safety of the installations even in the event of individual equipment failures (redundant supply, selectivity of the power system protection, and high availability) Easy adaptation to changing load and operational conditions Low operating costs thanks to maintenance-friendly equipment Sufcient transmission capacity of equipment during normal operation and also in the event of a fault, taking future expansions into account Good quality of the power supply, i.e. few voltage changes due to load uctuations with sufcient voltage symmetry and few harmonic distortions in the voltage Compliance with applicable standards and project-related stipulations for special installations Standards To minimize technical risks and / or to protect persons involved in handling electrotechnical components, essential planning rules have been compiled in standards. Standards represent the state of the art; they are the basis for evaluations and court decisions. Technical standards are desired conditions stipulated by profes- sional associations which are, however, made binding by legal standards such as safety at work regulations. Furthermore, the compliance with technical standards is crucial for any approval of operator granted by authorities or insurance coverage. While decades ago, standards were mainly drafted at a national level and debated in regional committees, it has currently been agreed that initiatives shall be submitted centrally (on the IEC Fig. 3.3-1: Power system planning tasks Concept nding: Analysis of the supply task Selection of the network conguration Selection of the type of power supply system Denition of the technical features Calculation: Energy balance Load ow (normal / fault) Short-circuit currents (uncontrolled / controlled) Dimensioning: Selection of equipment, transformers, cables, proleclive and swilching devices, elc. 8uilding lype | perimeler 8uilding use 8uilding managemenl Power oulage reserve elc. Lisls ol power consumers Forecasls ol expansions Temperalures Lquipmenl dala elc. Lquipmenl dala Electrical data Dimensions etc. Seleclivily lables - Seleclivily limil lables - Characlerislic curves, setting data, etc. elc. Compilation of boundary conditions Inuencing factors level) and then be adopted as regional or national standards. Only if the IEC is not interested in dealing with the matter of if there are time constraints, a draft standard shall be prepared at the regional level. The interrelation of the different standardization levels is illus- trated in table 3.3-1. A complete list of the IEC members and further links can be obtained at www.iec.ch > Members & Experts >List of Members (NC); http://www.iec.ch/dyn/ www/f?p=103:5:0. Table 3.3-1: Representation of national and regional standards in electrical engineering Regional America PAS Europe CENELEC Australia Asia Africa National USA: ANSI D: DIN VDE AUS: SA CN: SAC SA: SABS CA: SCC I: CEI NZ: SNZ J: JISC BR: COBEI F: UTE GB: BS ANSI American National Standards Institute BS British Standards CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique) CEI Comitato Ellettrotecnico Italiano Electrotechnical Committee Italy COBEI Comit Brasileiro de Eletricidade, Eletrnica, Iluminao e Telecomunicaes DIN VDE Deutsche Industrie Norm Verband deutscher Elektrotechniker (German Industry Standard, Association of German Electrical Engineers) JISC Japanese Industrial Standards Committee PAS Pacic Area Standards SA Standards Australia SABS South African Bureau of Standards SAC Standardisation Administration of China SCC Standards Council of Canada SNZ Standards New Zealand UTE Union Technique de lElectricit et de la Communication Technical Association for Electrical Engineering & Communication