QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph.

65395439

MECHANICAL WAVES PROBLEMS ASKED IN JEE & REE

Q 1. A wire of density 9x103 kg/m3 is stretched between two clamps 1m apart & is subjected to an extension of 4.9x104m . What will be the lowest frequency of transverse vibrations in the wire ? [Youngs Modulus of the material 9 x1010N/m] [ REE 87, 7 ] Select correct alternative(s) : [ JEE 87, 2 ] The displacement of particles in a string stretched in x-direction is represented by y . Among the following expressions for y , those describing wave motion are : (A) cos (kx) sin(t) (B) kx t (C) cos (kx + t) (D) cos (kx t) In a sonometer wire the tension is maintained by suspending a 50.7 kg mass from the free end of the wire . The suspended mass has the volume of 0.0075 CuM . The fundamental frequency of the vibration of wire is 260 Hz . If the suspended mass is completely submerged in water , the fundamental frequency becomes ______ Hz . [The density of water is 103 kg/m3] [ JEE 87, 2 ] The following equations represent transverse waves z1 = A . cos (kx t) , z2 = A . cos (kx + t) & z3 = A . cos (ky t) . Identify the combination(s) of the waves which will produce ; (i) standing waves (ii) a wave travelling in the direction making an angle of 45 with positive x & positive y axes . In each case , find positions at which the resultant intensity is always zero . [ JEE 87, 7 ] A train approaching a hill at a speed of 40 km/h sounds a whistle of frequency 580 Hz when it is at a distance of 1 km from a hill A, wind with a speed of 40 km/h is blowing in the direction of motion of the train . Find : (i) the frequency of the whistle as heard by an observer on the hill & (ii) the distance from the hill at which the echo from the hill is heard by the driver & its frequency . (Velocity of sound in air 1200 km/h) [ JEE 88, 5 ] A wave represented by the equation y = a cos(kx t) is superposed with another wave to form a stationary wave such that the point x = 0 is a node . The equation for other wave is : (A) a sin (kx + t) (B) a cos(kx + t) (C) a cos(kx t) (D) a sin(kx t) [ JEE 88, 1 ] An organ pipe P1 is closed at one end vibrating in its first harmonic & another pipe P2 open at both the ends vibrating in its third harmonic are in resonance with a given tuning fork . The ratio of the length of P1 to that of P2 is : (A) 8/3 (B) 3/8 (C) 1/2 (D) 1/3 [ JEE 88, 2 ] Note : in this question the paper setter has misused the term harmonic for overtone . Read overtone instead of harmonic in the question & then solve . A point source emits sound equally in all directions in a non-absorbing medium . Two points P & Q are at a distance of 9m & 25 m respectively from the source . The ratio of the amplitudes of the waves at P & Q is ______ . [ JEE 89, 2 ] Velocity of sound in air is 320 m/s . A pipe closed at one end has length of 1 m . Neglecting end corrections the air column in the pipe can resonate for sound of frequency : (A) 80 Hz (B) 240 Hz (C) 320 Hz (D) 400 Hz [ JEE 89, 2 ]

Q 2.

Q 3.

Q 4.

Q 5.

Q 6.

Q 7.

Q 8.

Q 9.

Q 10. Show that the slope of the transversely vibrating string at any point on it is numerically equal to the ratio of the particle speed at that point to the wave speed on the string. [ REE 89, 3 ] Q 11. Two speakers connected to the same sourse of fixed frequency are placed 2 m apart in a box . A sensitive microphone placed at a distance of 4 m from their mid point along the perpendicular bisector shows maximum response . The box is slowly rotated till

QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

the speakers are in line with the microphone . The distance between the mid point of the speakers & the microphone remains unchanged . Exactly 5 maximum responses are observed in the microphone in doing this . Calculate the wave length of the sound wave. [ REE 89 , 3 ] Q 12. A wave is given by the equation y = A sin 10 x + 15 t + where x is in metres & t in seconds . The expression represents : (A) a wave travelling in positive x direction with a velocity of 1.5 m/s (B) a wave travelling in the negative x direction with a velocity of 1.5 m/s (C) a wave travelling in the negative x direction with a wavelength 0.2 m (D) a wave travelling in the positive x direction having wavelength 0.2 m . [ JEE 90, 2 ] Q 13. The amplitude of a wave disturbance propagating in the positive x - direction is given by y=
1 1 at t = 2 sec where x & y are in meters . The 2 at time t = 0 & by y = 1+ x 1 + (x 1)2 3

shape of the wave disturbance does not change during the propagation . The velocity of the wave is _______ m/s . [ JEE 90, 2 ] Q 14. A source of sound is moving along a circular orbit of radius N 3m with an angular velocity of 10 rad/s . A sound detector D located far away from the source is executing linear SHM A B C 3 m along the line BD with an amplitude BC = CD = 6 m . The frequency of oscillation of the detector is 5/ per second . M The source is at the point A when the detector is at the point B . If the source emits a continuous sound wave of frequency 340 Hz , find the maximum & minimum frequencies recorded by the detector .(Vsound=330m/s) [ JEE 90, 7 ] Q 15. Two identical straight wires are stretched so as to produce 6 beats/sec. when vibrating simultaneously . On changing the tension slightly in one of them , the beat frequency remains unchanged . Denoting by T1, T2, the higher & the lower initial tensions in the strings, then it could be said that while making the above changes in tension : (A) T2 was decreased (B) T2 was increased (C) T1 was increased (D) T1 was decreased [ JEE 91, 2 ] Q 16. The displacement of the medium in a sound wave is given by the equation ; y1 = A cos (ax + bt) where A, a & b are positive constants . The wave is reflected by an obstacle situated at x = 0 . The intensity of the reflected wave is 0.64 times that of the incident wave . (A) what are the wavelength & frequency of the incident wave . (B) write the equation for the reflected wave . (C) in the resultant wave formed after reflection , find the maximum & minimum values of the particle speeds in the medium . (D) express the resultant wave, formed after , as a super position of a standing wave and a travelling wave . What are the positions of the anti nodes of the standing wave ? What is the direction of propagation of the travelling wave ? [ JEE 91, 8 ] Q 17. A uniform rope of mass 0.1 kg & length 2.45 m hangs from a ceiling . (A) find the speed of the transverse wave in the rope at a point 0.5 m distant from the lower end . (B) calculate the time taken by transverse wave to travel the full length of the rope . [ REE 91, 7 ]

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Q 18. The displacement y of a particle executing periodic motion is given by ; y = 4 cos (t/2) sin (1000 t) . This expression may be considered to be a result of the super position of : (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 independent harmonic motions . [ JEE 92, 2 ] Q 19. A cylindrical resonance tube open at both ends has a fundamental frequency F in air . Half of the length of the tube is dipped vertically in water . The fundamental frequency of the air column now is ______ . [ JEE 92, 1 ] Q 20. Two radio stations broadcast their programmes at the same amplitude A & at slightly different frequencies 1 & 2 respectively, where 2 1 = 103 Hz . A detector receives the signals from the two stations simultaneously . It can only detect signals of intensity 2 A . (i) Find the time interval between successive maxima of the intensity of the signal received by the detector . (ii) Find the time for which the detector remains idle in each cycle of the intensity of the signal . [ JEE '93, 4 ] Q 21. A wire of 9.8 x 103 kg mass per meter passes over a frictionless pulley fixed on the top of an inclined frictionless plane which makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal . Masses M1 & M2 are tied at the two ends of the wire . The mass M1 rests on the plane and the mass M2 hangs freely vertically downwards . The whole system is in equilibrium. Now a transverse wave propagates along the wire with a velocity of 100 m/sec . Find the value of masses M1 & M2 . [ REE '93, 4 ] Q 22. The stationary wave y = 2a sin kx cos t in a closed organ pipe is the result of the superposition of y = a sin (t kx) & _______ . [ REE '94, 2 ] Q 23. A metallic rod of length 1 m is rigidly clamped at its mid-point . Longitudinal stationary waves are set up in the rod in such a way that there are two nodes on either side of the mid-point . The amplitude of an antinode is 2x106m . Write the equation of motion at a point 2 cm from the mid-point and those of the constituent waves in the rod . [Youngs modulus = 2 x 1011 Nm-2, density = 8000 Kg m-3) . [ JEE '94, 6 ] Q 24. A whistle emitting a sound of frequency 440 Hz is tied to a string of 1.5 m length and rotated with an angular velocity of 20 rad s1 in the horizontal plane . Calculate the range of frequencies heard by an observer stationed at a large distance from the whistle . [ JEE '96, 3 ] Q 25. Select the correct alternative : [ JEE '96, 2 x 2 = 4 ] (i) The extension in a string, obeying Hooke's law is x . The speed of sound in the stretched string is v . If the extension in the string is increased to 1.5 x , the speed of sound will be : (A) 1.22 v (B) 0.61 v (C) 1.50 v (D) 0.75 v (ii) An open pipe is suddenly closed at one end with the result that the frequency of third harmonic of the closed pipe is found to be higher by 100 Hz than the fundamental frequency of the open pipe . The fundamental frequency of the open pipe is : (A) 200 Hz (B) 300 Hz (C) 240 Hz (D) 480 Hz Q 26. A transverse wave is described by the equation y = x0 cos 2 vt . The maximum particle velocity is two times the wave velocity provided = ______ . [ REE '96, 1 ] Q 27. When 0.98 m long metallic wire is stressed, an extension of 0.02 m is produced . An organ pipe 0.5 m long and open at both ends, when sounded with this stressed metallic wire, produces 8 beats in its fundamental mode . By decreasing the stress in the wire, the
x

QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

number of beats are found to decrease . Find the Young's modulus of the wire . The density of metallic wire is 104 kgm3 & sound velocity in air is 292 ms1 . [ REE '96, 5 ] Q 28. A whistle giving out 450 Hz approaches a stationary observer at a speed of 33 m/s . The frequency heard by the observer in Hz is : (A) 409 (B) 429 (C) 517 (D) 500 [ JEE '97, 1 ] Q 29. The first overtone of an open organ pipe beats with the first overtone of a closed organ pipe with a beat frequency of 2.2 Hz . The fundamental frequency of the closed organ pipe is 110 Hz . Find the lengths of the pipes . [ JEE '97, 5 ] Q 30. A place progressive wave of frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 2.5 x 105 m & initial phase zero propagates along the (ve) x-direction with a velocity of 300 m/s . At any instant, the phase difference between the oscillations at two points 6 m apart along the line of propagation is ____ & the corresponding amplitude difference is ____ m . [ JEE '97, 2 ] Q 31. Fill in the blanks : [ REE '97, 1 + 1 ] (i) Out of the following three wave forms ; (a) 2 A cos kx sin t , (b) 2 A cos (/2) t cos (t kx) & (c) 2 A cos (/2) sin (t kx + ) ______ represent the phenomenon of stationary wave . (ii) Two sound waves reaching a point at time t are represented by P = P01 sin (kx t) and P = P02 sin [k (x + x) t + 0] respectively . The phase difference between these waves is ______ .

Q 32. When a train is approaching the observer, the frequency of the whistle is 100 cps while when it has passed the observer, it is 50 cps . Calculate the frequency when the observer moves with the train . [ REE '97, 5 ] Q 33. A band playing music at a frequency f is moving towards a wall at a speed vb . A motorist is following the band with a speed vm . If v is the speed of sound, obtain an expression for the beat frequency heard by the motorist . [ JEE '97, 5 ] Q 34. A travelling in a stretched string is described by the equation y = A sin (kx t) . The maximum particle velocity is : (A) A (B) /k (C) d/dk (D) x/t [ JEE '97, 1 ] Q 35. The fundamental frequency of a sonometer wire increases by 6 Hz if its tension is increased by 44 % keeping the length constant . Find the change in the fundamental frequency of the sonometer when the length of the wire is increased by 20 % keeping the original tension in the wire . Q 36. Select the correct alternative(s) . (i) [ JEE '98 2 + 2 + 2 ] The (x , y) co-ordinates of the corners of a square plate are (0, 0) (L, 0) (L, L) & (0, L). The edges of the plate are clamped & transverse standing waves are set up in it . If u (x, y) denotes t he displacement of the plate at the point (x, y) at some instant of time, the possible expression(s) for u is/are : (a = positive constant) (A) a cos (C) a sin (ii)
x y cos 2 L 2 L

(B) a sin

y x sin L L y 2 x sin L L

x 2 y sin L L

(D) a cos

A string of length 0.4 m & mass 102 kg is tightly clamped at its ends . The tension in the string is 1.6 N . Identical wave pulses are produced at one end at equal intervals of time, t . The minimum value of t which allows constructive interference between successive pulses is : (A) 0.05 s (B) 0.10 s (C) 0.20 s (D) 0.40 s

QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

(iii)

A transverse sinusoidal wave of amplitude a, wavelength & frequency f is travelling on a stretched string . The maximum speed of any point on the string is
v , where v is 10

speed of propagation of the wave . If a = 103 m and v = 10 ms1, then & f are given by : (A) = 2 x 102 m (B) = 102 m
10 3 Hz (C) f = 2

(D) f = 104 Hz

Q 37. The air column in a pipe closed at one end is made to vibrate in its second overtone by a tuning fork of frequency 440 Hz . The speed of sound in air is 330 ms1 . End corrections may be neglected . Let P0 denote the mean pressure at any point in the pipe & P0 the maximum amplitude of pressure variation . (i) Find the length L of the air column . (ii) What is the amplitude of pressure variation at the middle of the column ? (iii) What are the maximum & minimum pressures at the open end of the pipe . (iv) What are the maximum & minimum pressures at the closed end of the pipe ? [ JEE '98, 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ] Q 38. Two metallic strings A and B of different materials are connected in series forming a joint. The strings have similar cross-sectional area. The length of A is lA = 0.3m and that B is lB = 0.75m. One end of the combined string is tied with a support rigidly and the other end is loaded with a block of mass m passing over a frictionless pulley. Transverse waves are set up in the combined string using an external source of variable frequency . Calculate (i) the lowest frequency for which standing waves are observed such that the joint is a node and (ii) the total number of anti-nodes at this frequency. The densities of A & B are 6.3 x 103kg m-3 and 2.8 x 103kg m-3 respectively. [ REE 99 ] Q 39. In hydrogen spectrum the wvaelength of H line is 656 nm, whereas in the spectrum of a distant galaxy, H line wavelength is 706 nm. Estimated speed of the galaxy with respect to earth is, (A) 2 x 108 m/s (B) 2 x 107 m/s (C) 2 x 106 m/s (D) 2 x 105 m/s [ JEE '99, 2 ] Q 40. A long wire PQR is made by joining two wires PQ and QR of equal radii. PQ has length 4.8 m and mass 0.06 kg. QR has length 2.56 m and mass 0.2kg. The wire PQR is under a tension of 80N. A sinusoidal wave-pulse of amplitude 3.5cm is sent along the wire PQ from the end P. No power is dissipated during the propagation of the wave-pulse. Calculate (a) the time taken by the wave-pulse to reach the other end R of the wire, and (b) the amplitude of the reflected and transmitted wave-pulses after the incident wave-pulse crosses the joint Q. [ JEE "99, 4 + 6 ] Q 41. As a wave progagates : (A) the wave intensity remains constant for a plane wave (B) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse of the distance from the sounce for a spherical wave (C) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse square of the distance from the source for a spherical wave (D) total intensity of the sherical wave over the spherical survace centered at the source remains constant at all times . [ JEE '99, 3 ] Q 42. y (x, t) = 0.8/[(4x + 5t)2 + 5] represents a moving pulse, where x & y are in meter and t in second . Then : (A) pulse is moving in +x direction (B) in 2s it will travel a distance of 2.5 m (C) its maximum displacement is 0.16 m (D) it is a symmetric pulse . [ JEE '99, 3 ]

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Q 43. In a wave motion y = a sin (kx t), y can represent : (A) electric field (B) magnetic field (C) displacement

(D) pressure [ JEE '99, 3 ]

Q 44. Standing waves can be produced : (A) on a string clamped at both the ends (B) on a string clamped at one end and free at the other (C) when incident wave gets reflected from a wall (D) when two identical waves with a phase difference of p re moving in same direction [ JEE '99, 3 ]

ANSWER SHEET
Q 1. 35 per sec. Q 2. A, C Q 3. 240 Q 4. z = 2 A . cos kx . cos t , x = (2n 1)(/2k) , n N and z = 2 A . cos [(kx ky)/2] . cos [t (kx + ky)/2] , x y = (2n 1) (/k) n N Q 5. (i) 599 per sec (ii) 621 per sec Q 6. B Q 7. B Q 8. 25 : 9 Q 9. A, B, D Q 11. 0.4 m Q 12. B, C Q 13. 0.5 Q 14. max. = 442 , min. = 255 Q 15. B, D Q 16. (a) 2 /a , b/2 (d) y = 1.6 A sin ax sin bt , (b) y2 = 0.8 A cos (ax bt) (c) max. =1.8 b A, min. = 0 Q 17. (a) 2.21 m/s (b) 1 sec Q 18. B Q 19. f

y = 0.2 A cos(ax + bt), x = (2m + 1) (/2a) where m W , ve x-axis or + ve x-axis Q 20. (i) 103 sec (ii) 5 x 104 s Q 21. m2= 10 kg , m 1 = 20 kg y2 = 106 sin (5 x + 25000 t) (ii) A Q 26. x0 Q 22. a [sin (kx + t) + 2 sin(kx t)] Q 24. fmax = 484 Hz , fmin = 403.3 Hz Q 28. D Q 25 (i) A

Q 23. y = 2 x 106 sin (0.1 ) cos (25000 t+), for =0 : y1 = 106 sin (5 x 25000 t) , Q 27. Y = 1.76 x 1011 N/m2
2 v b ( v + v m )f v vb
2 2

Q 29. Lc = 0.75 m ; Lo = 0.99 m or 1.006 m Q 32. 66.67 Hz Q 33.

Q 30. rad , 0 m Q 31. (i) (a) (ii) k x + 0 Q 34. A Q 35.

15 m 16

12 =5.48 Hz decrease .
(ii)
P0 2

Q 36. (i) B, C

(ii) B

(iii) A, C

Q 37. (i) L =

(iii) Pmax = Pmin = P0 Q 38.

(iv) Pmax = P0 + P0 , Pmin = P0 P0 Q 39. B

2V2

5 m , where S= area of cross section of wire,8 3 70 S

V2 V1

Q 40. (a) Time = 140 ms Q 41. A, C, D

(b) Ar = V + V Ai = 1.5 cm; At = V + V Ai = 2 cm 2 1 1 2 Q 43. A, B, C Q 44. A, B, C

Q 42. B, C,D