Fall Of India

History
There was no atmosphere of confrontation between the Sikhs and Mughal rulers during this period, nor was there any systematic persecution of the Hindus, and hence, no occasion for the Sikhs or any group or sect to stand forth as the champion of the Hindus against religious persecution. The occasional conflict between the Gurus and Mughal rulers was personal and political rather than religious. (Satish Chandra, Indian historian) Islam and Christianity are the only religions which treated man with honor and equality. (Indian Textbook for Class V) Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. (George Santayana, 1863-1952) A bloody story The Islamic conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history. It is a discouraging tale, for its evident moral is that civilization is a precious good, whose delicate complex of order and freedom, culture and peace, can at any moment be overthrown by barbarians invading from without or multiplying within. (Will Durant) He (Sultan Sikandar Butshikan of Kashmir) decreed that no Kaffir (unbeliever, Hindu) should wear a mark on his forehead and no woman should burn the corpse of her husband. ... Many of the Hindus rather than abandon their religion poisoned themselves. (Muslim chronicle) The Old World is destroyed. That has to be understood. Ancient Hindu India was destroyed. We should face facts: Islamic rule in India was at least as catastrophic as the later Christian rule. The Christians created massive poverty in what was a most prosperous country; the Muslims created a terrorized civilization out of what was the most creative culture that ever existed. (Vidyadhar Naipaul) The discerning reader would be savvy enough to realize that the objective of Leftist scholarship is to prove, despite all available evidence, that the Islamic invasion was really India's age of enlightenment. Hence the denigration of the Vedic Age and the stubborn insistence that the Aryans were not indigenous people. This is why Bipan Chandra protests if medieval Muslim rulers are described as foreign. Objecting to the artificial glorification of all and sundry who fought against Sultanate and Mughal rulers, he derides glorification of ancient India as undue national pride (which) has its own negative aspects. (Sandhya Jain) In Latin America, the 500th anniversary of Columbus arrival has sparked some serious reconsideration both within and outside the Church, about the role of Christianity in the wholesale destruction of all the cultures without exception in the entire New World. But in India, we find the unbelievable situation, that not only Muslim historians and public figures refuse to face the truth about Muslim history: neutral secular historians are also covering up and denying the crimes which Islam has systematically committed, and even many Hindus are denying the crimes committed against their own society. (Koenraad Elst) There can be no doubt that the fall of Buddhism in India was due to the invasions of the Musalmans. Islam came out as the enemy of the But. The word But as everybody knows, is an Arabic word and means an idol. Thus the origin of the word indicates that in the Moslem mind idol worship had come to be identified with the Religion of the Buddha. To the Muslims, they were one and the same thing. The mission to break the idols thus became the mission to destroy Buddhism. Islam destroyed Buddhism not only in India but wherever it went. Before Islam came into being, Buddhism was the religion of Bactria, Parthia, Afghanistan, Gandhar, and Chinese Turkestan, as it was of the whole of Asia... (Arun Shourie) But today the fashion is to ascribe the extinction of Buddhism to the persecution of Buddhists by Hindus, to the destruction of their temples by the Hindus. One point is that the Marxist historians who have been perpetrating this falsehood have not been able to produce even an iota of evidence to substantiate the concoction. (Arun Shourie)

The myth of Brahmin oppression, the myth of Buddhism as a social reform movement, the myth of the Buddhist-Brahmin power struggle, the myth of the economical motives for the Muslim conquests and destruction, the myth of the non-existence of an indigenous and nation-wide Hindu culture, the myth of the social reforms brought by Islam, the myth of Hindu-Muslim amity [...] Why are there absolutely no Buddhist temples left in Afghanistan, in Turkestan? Nor Hindu or Zorastrian or Manichaen temples, for that matter? Secularist scholars do not seem to know that the Buddhist monasteries and universities were destroyed and exterminated to the last, in India just as well as in Central Asia, by none other than the Muslim armies. So, the answer is that, while Buddhism had been partly reabsorbed into Hinduism, and had partly continued as a separate tradition under Hindu dynasties, the Muslim conquerors finished it off totally. (Koenraad Elst) The real harm done to Hinduism and Hindu society is not the loss of stone structure, which are but the outermost layer of the real harm done to Hindu society. There has been a loss of vast territories - they may be claimed back, but that would hardly be any less superficial. Far more fundamental is the moral damage that has been done: the loss of self confidence, the unprecedented and harsh enmity within Hindu society (internal enmity and bitterness typically occurs in powerless groups), the boot-licking attitude among the Hindu intelligentsia, the negative self-image. The moral damage again is partly due to a loss of knowledge and memory: the Hindu educational system has been destroyed, and the Hindus are helpless in the face of concerted efforts to disinform them and destroy their soul. (Koenraad Elst)

Genocide Genocide means the attempt to exterminate a particular ethnic group, or nation. The massacres perpetuated by Muslims in India are unparalleled in history, bigger than the Holocaust of the Jews by the Nazis; or the massacre of the Armenians by the Turks; more extensive even than the slaughter of the South American native populations by the invading Spanish and Portuguese. (Francois Gautier) .... 3 types of genocide (1) A general genocid was seen when Timur was moving through Haryana. He directed his soldiers to plunder and destroy and kill everyone whom they met. And so the soldiers plundered every village, killed the men, and carried a number of Hindu prisoners, both male and female. The Musulman prisoners should be separated and saved, but the infidels should all be despatched to hell with the proselytising sword. The biggest slaughters took place during the raids of Mahmud Ghaznavi (ca. 1000 AD) and during the actual conquest of India (ca. 1200-1500). (2) Selective genocide means that men are killed and women and children become slaves. He (Mahmud bin Qasim in Sindh) caused every Kaffir (unbeliever) from the age of seventeen and upwards to be put to death; the young women and children of both sexes were retained in bondage. Or it means killing a sufficient number who form the backbone of the group's collective identity, and assimilating the leaderless masses into the dominant community. A typical policy was to single out the Brahmins (intelligence) for slaughter, after the Kshatriya (nobility) had been killed on the battlefield. The Brahmans and other higher men were slain, and their women and children were carried away captive and all the treasure which was found was divided amongst the army. The Portuguese in Malabar and Goa also followed this policy in the 16th century. (3) Unintentional genocide is committed when millions of people die from the hardships of forced labour, the contact with new diseases, or starvation. Great numbers died by the deliberate impoverishment under Sultans like Alauddin Khilji and Jahangir. Less known is that the rapacity of the British led to the famine of 1769-70 which claimed the lives of one third of the population of Bengal. In 1943 the British war requisitions caused the Bengal famine which killed some 3 million. Once Muslim power was established, Muslim rulers sought to exploit and humiliate rather than kill the Hindus. But, Muslims could only rule by discouraging rebellion through systematic terror. One constraint on Holy War was the endemic inter-Muslim warfare. No history of a royal house was bloodier than that of the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1525). When a ruler died peacefully it was explicitely mentioned in the chronicles. Another constraint was that the prevalent school of Islamic law in India was the Hanifite school. Out of the four law schools in Sunni Islam, this is the only one allowing Pagans to subsist as zimmis, dis-empowered third-class citizens paying a special tax for the favour of being tolerated. The other three schools of jurisprudence ruled that Pagans, as opposed to Christians and Jews, had to be given a choice between Islam and death.

Slavery Apart from the actual killings, millions of Hindus disappeared into slavery. Slave trade started in 715 with the Arab Muslim invasion of Sindh and continued till the Muslims were effectively overpowered by the Hindu Marathas in 1720. Slaves were, in effect, deprived of caste and converted to Islam ... The number of slaves in the Sultans' establishments were very high 50,000 under Alaudddin Khilji, and 180,000 under Firuz Tughlaq. The mountain range Hindu Koh (Hindu mountain) was renamed Hindu Kush (Hindu killer) when in one cold night during the reign of Timur (1398-99), one hundred thousand Hindu slaves died there while being deported to Central Asia. Ibn Battuta (1304-1368), author of Travels in Asia and Africa, testifies that Indian slaves were very cheap because they were very numerous in supply. William Finch, who lived at the Moghul court in ca. 1610, testifies that hunting expeditions in the forest brought human as well as animal prey. The booty amounted in gold and silver, rubies and pearls nearly to three hundred thousand dirhams, and the number of prisoners may be conceived from the fact that each was sold for two to ten dirhams. These were afterwards taken to Ghazni and merchants came from distant cities to purchase them, so that the countries of Mawaraun-Nahr, Iraq and Khurasan were filled with them, and the fair and the dark, the rich and the poor, were commingled in one common slavery. The Turks, whenever they please, can seize, buy or sell any Hindu. (poet Amir Khusrau) The Sultan never ceases to show the greatest zeal in making wars upon the infidel. ... Every day thousands of slaves are sold at a very low price, so great is the number of prisoners. (Shahabuddin al-Umri about the days of Sultan Mohammed bin Tughlaq, 1325-51)

Invasion
First recorded invasons Darius (521-486 BC), the king of Persia, conquered Sind and part of Punjab. Alexander the Great entered India in 326 BC through modern Pakistan. Alexander, in a letter to Aristotle, mentions, the terrific flashes of flame which he beheld showered on his army in India. (Rockets appear to be of Indian invention, and had long been used in native armies when Europeans came first in contact with them. (Horace Hayman Wilson)) Alexander is still advertised even in Indian text-books as the victor in his war with Indias Porus (Puru), the ruler of a small district between the Jhelum and the Chenab. However, the facts as recorded by Alexanders own Greek historians tell a very different tale. This last combat with Porus took off the edge of the Macedonians courage and stayed their further progress in India. ... Alexander not only offered Porus to govern his own kingdom as satrap (subordinate ruler) under himself but gave him also the additional territory of various independent tribes whom he had subdued. (Plutarch, Greek historian) Porus emerged from his war with Alexander with his territory doubled and his gold stock augmented. In 321 BC the Hindu King Chandragupta founded the Maurya Empire, which reached its peak under Emperor Ashoka, who ruled most of India. In 262 BC he converted to Buddhism. Buddhist principles derided martial prowess and criminally neglected the intrepidity and valor which fought for national independence. The excessive propaganda for unrestricted a-himsa (non-violence) which King Ashoka carried on by his use of political authority throughout his empire, cut at the very root of the Indian empire, leaving the country vulnerable to a second wave of Greek attacks. In 180 BC Gandhaar was ruled by Indo-Greeks under Milinda (Menander). From 100 to 400 AD the Indo-Scythian Shakas and Kushans ruled Gandhaar. Kushan emperor Kanishkas empire stretched from Mathura to the Aral Sea. From the 5th through 9th century Persian Sasanians and Hepthalites (White Hunas) ruled Gandhaar. After the initial clash with Hindu military power, all those pre-Muslim invaders merged into the general mainstream and even the memory of their having come as invaders itself disappeared. Emperors like Rudradaman or Kanishka are not considered to be non-Indians. The founder of Islam said: I have been commanded by Allah to fight the unbelievers until they believe in Allah and His prophet and follow the laws of Islam. It is only then that the safety of their lives and property may be guaranteed. It is not for any prophet to have prisoners, until he makes wide slaughter in land. Two groups of my Ummah Allah has protected from the hellfire a group that will conquer India and a group that will be with Isa ibnu Maryam (Jesus, son of Mary).

And Timur said: My principal object in coming to Hindustan, and in undergoing all this toil and hardship, has been to accomplish two things. The first was to war with the infidels, the enemies of the Muhammadan religion; and by this religious warfare to acquire some claim to reward in the life to come. The other was a worldly object; that the army of Islam might gain something by plundering the wealth and valuables of the infidels: plunder in war is as lawful as their mothers milk to Musulmans who war for their faith, and the consuming of that which is lawful is a means of grace. Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when they do it from religious conviction. (Blaise Pascal, mathematician, 1670) Mahmud [Ghaznavi] utterly ruined the prosperity of the country, and performed those wonderful exploits, by which the Hindus became like atoms of dust scattered in all directions, and like a tale of old in the mouth of the people. Their scattered remains cherish, of course, the most inveterate aversion towards all Muslims. This is the reason, too, why Hindu sciences have retired far away from those parts of the country conquered by us, and have fled to places, which our hand cannot yet reach. (Alberuni, 973-1048) Muslim invaders did record with glee their genocide on Hindus, because they felt all along that they were doing their duty; that killing, plundering, enslaving and razing temples was the work of God... (Francois Gautier)

In the following, all quotes if not marked otherwise are taken from Muslim chronicles. See also: www.hinduwisdom.info/Islamic_Onslaught.htm The Arabs (636-850) .... Sindh (636-715) In 636, within four years of Muhammad's death, the first Caliph tried to conquer India in Thana (near Bombay), and 16 other invasions also failed. In 711, in the 17th attempt, Muhammad bin Qasim marched to Sindh. he took Debal, a port city near the modern Karachi. The town was taken by assault, and the carnage endured for three days, the priests of the temple were massacred. The new governor of Sindh knocked down the upper part of the minaret of the temple and converted it into a prison. In 712, bin Qasim took Alor, located north of Hyderabad, and in 713 the important city of Multan. Six thousand warriors were put to death, and all their relations and dependents were taken as slaves. .... Kabul (643-963) The first attack of modern Afghanistan started in 643, deeply penetrating in 650, but the invader was defeated and driven out. The Hindus subjugated Eastern Persia and advanced to the bank of the Tigris. Hajjaj had to make peace according to which the Hindu king was entitled to keep his kingdom. In 870 the Hindu king Rusal was deceived into welcoming the Turkish adventurer Yaqub bin Layth. Yaqub bowed his head as if to do homage but he raised the lance and thrust it into the back of Rusal so that he died on the spot. A Turkish army then invaded Kabul and Zabul, the king of Zabul was killed in the battle, and the population was converted to Islam by force. But once the Moslem armies had passed, the hastily converted returned to their old religion (Hinduism or Buddhism). Therefore the effect of invasions was marginal and lasted only a short time after each raid. The Turks (963-1290) .... Alaptigin and Subuktigin In 963, the Turkish slave Alaptigin was able to establish an independent Muslim kingdom at Ghazni. His successor, Subuktigin, conquered Kabul after a struggle that lasted for more than two decades. The Afgan historian Khondamir records that during one of the many repeated invasions on the city of Herat in western Afganistan, 1,500,000 residents perished. In 986-987, the Hindus under King Jayapala made a bold bid to recapture Kabul but a snow storm and rains upset their plans. Jayapala belonged to the Hindu Shahiya dynasty of Kabul, which had been for long the doorkeeper of India in the Northwest.

.... Mahmud Ghaznavi and son (1001-1037) Mahmud was the son of Subuktigin. His incessant raiding over the course of almost thirty years destabilized Northern India and paved the way for the Muhammad Ghoris invasion of northern India in 1175, which led to the establishment of the Delhi sultanate. Mahmud was a man of great abilities, and is renowed as one of the greatest champions of Islam. ... His influence upon Islam soon became widely known, for he converted as many as a thousand idol temples into mosques. The lack of a standing army was to prove the undoing of many Hindu princes in days to come. Whereas the Muslims always maintained their army in a permanent state of mobilisation, there was a continuous struggle and warfare between the various Hindu states, and it was these rivalries, which made it impossible for the Hindus to join hands to oust the Muslim Ghaznavids from the Punjab, who made raids even up to Ujjain. In 1001, Mahmud defeated Raja Jayapala. In 1004, he stormed Bhatiya and plundered the place. He stayed there for some time to convert the Hindus to Islam with the help of mullahs he had brought with him. In 1008, he captured Nagarkot (Kangra). The loot amounted to 70,000,000 dirhams in coins and 700,400 mans of gold and silver, besides plenty of precious stones and embroidered cloths. In 1011, he plundered Thanesar. The blood of the infidels flowed so copiously, that the stream was discoloured, notwithstanding its purity, and people were unable to drink it. Had not night come on and concealed the traces of their flight, many more of the enemy would have been slain. The victory was gained by God's grace, who has established Islam forever as the best of religions, notwithstanding that idolaters revolt against it. The Sultan returned with plunder which it is impossible to recount. Praise be to God, the protector of the world, for the honour he bestows upon Islam and Musulmans! On this occasion, the Muhammadan army brought to Ghaznin 200,000 captives, so that the capital appeared like an Indian city, for every soldier of the army had several slaves and slave girls. In 1013, Mahmud advanced against Nandana. The Sultan returned in the rear of immense booty, and slaves were so plentiful that they became very cheap and men of respectability in their native land were degraded by becoming slaves of common shopkeepers. But this is the goodness of Allah, who bestows honour on his own religion and degrades infidelity. The road was now clear for an assault on the heartland of Hindustan. In 1018, Mahmud crossed the Yamuna. At the fort of Mahavan nearly fifty thousand men were killed and drowned, and became the prey of beasts and crocodiles. Kulchand, taking his dagger, slew his wife, and then drove it into his own body. Mathura was the next victim. It is the birth-place of Krishn Basdeo (Krishna Vasudeva), whom the Hindus venerate as an incarnation of God. He saw there a building of exquisite structure, which the inhabitants said had been built, not by men, but by Genii (jinns or spirits). ... In the middle of the city there was a temple larger and firmer than the rest, which can neither be described nor painted. The Sultan thus wrote respecting it: If any should wish to construct a building equal to this, he would not be able to do it without expending an hundred thousand thousand red dinars, and it would occupy two hundred years, even though the most experienced and able workmen were employed. Among the idols there were five made of red gold, each five yards high, fixed in the air without support. ... The Sultan gave orders that all the temples should be burnt with naphtha and fire, and leveled with the ground. The pillage of the city continued for 20 days. It is very important to remember also that from motives of self-interest, and not from any respect for art, these ferocious invaders ... usually spared the artisans and craftsmen, and thus preserved for their own uses the art-traditions of the countries they ravaged and desolated. Skilled craftsmen were always the prizes of war ... (Ernest Binfield Havell, 1861-1934) The Sultan leveled to the ground every fort which he had in this country, and the inhabitants of them either accepted Islam, or took up arms against him. The Sultan advanced to the fortifications of Kanauj, which consisted of seven distinct forts, washed by the Ganges, which flowed tinder them like the ocean. In, Kanauj, there were nearly ten thousand temples ... Many of the inhabitants of the place fled and were scattered abroad like so many wretched widows and orphans, from the fear which oppressed them, in consequence of witnessing the fate of their deaf and dumb idols. Many of them thus effected their escape, and those who did not flee were put to death. He then went to Munj, known as the fort of Brahmans, the inhabitants of which were independent as headstrong camels. They prepared to offer opposition, like evil demons and obstinate Satans, and when they found they could not withstand the Musulmans, and that their blood would be shed, they took to flight, throwing themselves down from the apertures and the lofty and broad battlements, but most of them were killed in this attempt. The fate of Asi was sealed when its ruler took fright and fled. The Sultan ordered that his five forts should be demolished from their foundations, the inhabitants buried in their ruins, and the soldiers of the garrison plundered, slain and captured. The Muslims paid no regard to the booty till

they had satiated themselves with the slaughter of the infidels and worshippers of sun and fire. The friends of Allah searched the bodies of the slain for three days in order to obtain booty. In 1022 Mahmud laid siege to the fort of Gwalior but failed. In 1026 Mahmud attacked Somanath. According to the belief of the Hindus, all the other idols in India held the position of attendants and deputies of Somnat. Every night this idol was washed with fresh water brought from the Ganges, although that river must be more than two hundred parasangs distant. Among the wonders of that place was the temple in which was placed the idol called Somnat. This idol was in the middle of the temple without anything to support it from below, or to suspend it from above. It was held in the highest honour among the Hindus, and whoever beheld it floating in the air was struck with amazement, whether he was a Musulman or an infidel. Two thousand Brahmans were always occupied in prayer round about the temple. There were three hundred barbers appointed to shave the heads of the pilgrims. There were also three hundred musicians and five hundred dancing-girls attached to it; and it was customary even for the kings and rajas of India to send their daughters for the service of the temple. The Musalmans planted their ladders against the walls and gained the summit; then they proclaimed their success with their religious war-cry, and exhibited the prowess of Islam. Then followed a fearful slaughter, and matters wore a serious aspect. ... Next morning, early, the Muhammadans renewed the battle, and made greater havoc among the Hindus till they drove them from the town to the house of their idol, Somnat. A dreadful slaughter followed at the gate of the temple. Band after band of the defenders entered the temple to Somnat, and with their hands clasped round their necks, wept and passionately entreated him. Then again they issued forth to fight until they were slain, and but few were left alive. These took to the sea in boats to make their escape, but the Musulmans overtook them, and some were killed and some were drowned. Fifty thousand infidels were killed round about the temple. ... The sum which the treasury of the Sultan Mahmud obtained from the idol temple of Somnat was more than twenty thousand thousand dinars, inasmuch as those pillars were all adorned with precious jewels. Sultan Mahmud, after this glorious victory, reduced a fort in which the governor of Nahrawala had taken refuge. Mahmuds son Masud tried to follow in the footsteps of his father. In 1037 he succeeded in sacking the fort of Hansi. The Brahmins and other high ranking men were slain, and their women and children were carried away captive, and all the treasure which was found was distributed among the army. Between 1037 and 1192 the armies of Islam were defeated repeatedly by Govindacandra. One of the worst defeats suffered by the Muslims was at the hands of Arnoraja, the Chauhan ruler of Ajmer (1133-1151). It is often said that India did not resist any foreign rule. However, the fact that the Islamic armies struggled for over 500 years (from 636) to seize the heartland of India, shows the extent of the Hindu resistance. The actual duration of Muslim rule over northern India was effective for 500 years (upto the death of Aurangzeb in 1707). .... Muhammad Ghori (1173-1206) In 1151, Ala-ud din Husain, the chieftain of Ghur, sacked the town of Ghazni over the course of seven days, during which time the buildings were burned, the men slain, and the women and children taken prisoner. In 1173, the Ghuris took advantage of the collapse of the Ghaznivids to expand their sphere of influence and passed control of all of the conquered Ghaznivid territory, including both that which is now modern Afghanistan as well as that in the Punjab, to Muhammad Ghuri. He was installed at Ghazni and began an aggressive policy of conquest in India. In 1175-76, he conquered Sindh, attacking Multan and Uch. In 1178, he attacked Gujarat, but suffered a severe defeat at the hand of Raja Bhimdev II. In 1191/92, his hold over Northern India was secured by the two great Battles of Tarain north of Delhi, in which the Ghurid invaders faced off with Raja Prithviraj and an assembled confederacy of Indian armies. Prithviraja refused to swear submission and was beheaded. Then he attacked Kanauj and defeated King Jayachandra, the last Hindu King of North India. A general massacre, rapine, and pillage followed. In 1193, a free-lance adventurer, Muhammad Bakhtyar Khilji, was moving further east, sacked the undefended university towns of Nalanda and Odantpuri in Bihar and massacred the Buddhist monks in the monasteries. Most of the inhabitants of the place were Brahmans with shaven heads (Buddhists). They were put to death. Large numbers of books were found there, and when the Muhammadans saw them they called for some persons to explain their contents, but all the men had been killed. In 1202 Khilji took Nadiya by surprise. Muhammad Ghuri returned to Khurasan, leaving his holdings in India in the hands of Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a slave who had been promoted to the rank of a general. Aibak made Delhi his capital, severed his links with Ghazni and founded the Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty. Then he made inroads into Ajmer. He purged by his sword the land of Hind from the filth of infidelity and vice and freed the whole of that country from the thorn of God-plurality, and the

impurity of idol-worship, and by his royal vigour and intrepidity, left not one temple standing. In 1194, Aibak destroyed 27 Hindu temples at Delhi and built the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque with their debris. Aibak adorned it with the stones and gold obtained from the temples which had been demolished by elephants. Aibak entered Benares, and carried off its treasures upon fourteen hundred camels. In Benares which is the centre of the country of Hind, they destroyed one thousand temples and raised mosques on their foundations. Aibak also suppressed a Hindu revolt at Kol (Aligarh). Those of the horizon who were wise and acute were converted to Islam, but those who stood by their ancestoral faith were slain with the sword. 20,000 prisoners were taken and made slaves. Aibak raised three bastions as high as heaven with their heads, and their carcases became food for beasts of prey. The tract was freed from idols and idol-worship and the foundations of infidelism were destroyed. In 1196, Aibak advanced against Gujarat. Fifty thousand infidels were despatched to hell by the sword. In 1202, he conquered Kalinjar. The temples were converted into mosques. Fifty thousand men came under the collar of slavery and the plain became black as pitch with Hindus. .... the Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290), Delhi Sultanate In 1234, Shamsuddin Iltutmish, the successor of Aibak at Delhi, invaded Malwa. There was a temple there which was three hundred years in building. It was about one hundred and five gaz high. He demolished it. From thence he proceeded to Ujjain, where there was a temple of Mahakal, which he destroyed, as well as the image of Bikaramajit, who was king of Ujjain, and reigned 1316 years before this time. The Hindu era dates from his reign. In 1247, Ulugh Khan represented to his Majesty, in the month of Sha'ban, that the opportunity was favourable for making an expedition into Hindustan. The Mawas and Ranas had not been pinched for several years, but some coercion might now be exercised on them, by which spoil would fall into the hands of the soldiers of Islam, and wealth would be gained to strengthen the hands of the State in resisting the Mughals. ... A full poetical account of this campaign, in which the several victories are recounted, has been composed; the book is called Nasiri nama. In 1254 the successor Balban lead an expedition across the Ganges. In two days after leaving Delhi, he arrived in the midst of the territory of Katihar and put to death every male, even those of eight years of age, and bound the women. In 1255, the army was fully employed in repelling the Mughal forces, which had attacked the frontiers of Islam in Sindh. In 1257 Ulugh Khan ravaged the whole of the hills with the sword ... So many of the rebellious Hindus were killed that the numbers cannot be computed or described. In 1260 the new year opened auspiciously. On the 16th Ramazan Ulugh Khan was sent into the hills of Delhi, to chastise the rebel inhabitants of Mewat. A silver tanka was offered for every head, and two tankas for every man brought in alive. ... Their feats will remain recorded in history. ... After a stay of two days in the capital the Court went forth again to Hauz-rani on a mission of revenge. The elephants were prepared and the Turks made ready their trenchant swords. By royal command many of the rebels were cast under the feet of elephants, and the fierce Turks cut the bodies of the Hindus in two. About a hundred met their death at the hands of the flayers, being skinned from head to foot; their skins were all stuffed with straw, and some of them were hung over every gate of the city. The plain of Hauz-rani and the gates of Delhi remembered no punishment like this, nor had anyone ever heard such a tale of horror. Again he hastened towards the hills ... and captured them all, to the number of twelve thousand men, women, and children whom he put to the sword. All their valleys and strongholds were overrun and cleared, and great booty captured. Thanks be to God for this victory of Islam! But in spite of such wanton cruelty, Muslim power continued to decline till the Khiljis revived it after 1290. The Afghans (1290-1526) .... the Khiljis / Khaljis (1290-1320) Sultan Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad, the last of the slave kings of Delhi, was murdered without an heir in 1286, and Jalal-ud-din was selected as Sultan. In 1294 his nephew and son-in-law Ala-ud-din (Alaudin Khilji) gained his permission to lead an expedition against Malwa. He secretly went much further, invading the Deccan, obtaining tremendous loot. In 1296 Ala-ud-din had his uncle beheaded, and then paraded his head around atop a spear. Following his accession of the throne he engaged in a series of attacks against his neighbors. He shed more blood than ever a Pharaoh was guilty of. A Qasi (Muslim priest) adviced Khilji on how to conduct his non-Muslim subjects: Hindus are like the mud; if silver is demanded from them, they must with the greatest humility offer gold. If a Mohammadan desires to spit into a Hindu's mouth, the Hindu should open it wide for the purpose. God created the Hindus to be

slaves of the Mohammadans. The Prophet hath ordained that, if the Hindus do not accept Islam, they should be imprisoned, tortured, finally put to death, and their property confiscated. In 1298 Khilji equipped an expedition to Gujarat under his generals Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan. The invaders plundered Surat, Cambay and the temple of Somnath, which had been rebuilt by the Hindus. Over a twenty five years period, Malwa, Gujarat and Rajasthan were brought under his control. His brother Malik Mu'izzu-d din and his general Nusrat Khan were sent to Kambayat. The Muhammadan forces began to kill and slaughter on the right and on the left unmercifully, throughout the impure land, for the sake of Islam, and blood flowed in torrents. ... In short, the Muhammadan army brought the country to utter ruin, destroyed the lives of the inhabitants, plundered the cities and captured their offspring, so that many temples were deserted, and the idols were broken and trodden under foot. ... Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds. Amen! Malwa 1305: The tongue of the sword of the Khalifa of the time, which is the tongue of the flame of Islam, has imparted light to the entire darkness of Hindustan by the illumination of its guidance. ... Several capitals of the gods of the Hindus, in which Satanism has prevailed since the time of the Jinns, have been demolished. In 1308-1312 his general Malik Kafur led a campaign to the south. Everywhere the accursed tree, that produced no religion, was found and torn up by the roots, and the people who were destroyed were like trunks, carried along in the torrent of the Jihun, or like straw tossed up and down in a whirlwind, and carried forward. ... Thence they departed for Birdhul, and committed massacre and devastation all around it. The sacking of the golden temple of Barmatpur: Its roofs and walls were inlaid with sparkling rubies and emeralds, and after gazing at them, red and yellow spots came before the spectator's eye. ... The heads of the idolworshippers came dancing from their necks. The golden bricks rolled down and brought with them the plaster of sandalwood; the yellow gold became red with blood, and the white sandal turned scarlet. The foundations of the temple, which were mines of gold, were dug up, and its jeweled walls, which were mines of precious stones, pulled down. In Sri Rangam: Finding no valuable information about the hidden bronze statutes, Ulugh Khan killed 12,000 Brahmins in a day. In 1312 Malik Naib returned to Delhi with 612 elephants, 20,000 horses, 96,000 mans of gold, many chests of jewels and pearls. The old men of Delhi declared: No one remembers such treasures and spoils brought ever to Delhi. In 1316 Ala-ud-din was murdered by Malik Kafur, who placed Ala-ud-dins infant son on the throne, and imprisoned, blinded or killed the other members of the royal family. .... the Tughlaqs (1320-1412) In 1320-1325 Ghyasuddin led a campaign to Warrangal, Orissa and Bengal. By 1324 AD, the territories of the Delhi sultanate reached up to Madurai. In 1325-1351 Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq extended the kingdom into Central Asia. On the day of a Hindu festival, I went there myself, ordered the executions of all the leaders and practicioners of his abomination; I destroyed their idols, temples and built mosques in their places. In Delhi: After Hindus paid the toleration tax (zar-i zimmiya) and poll-tax (jizya) they were foolish enough to build their temples. ... Under divine guidance I destroyed these temples and I killed the leaders of these infidelity and others I subjected to stripes and chastisement. A report was brought to the Sultan that there was in Delhi an old Brahman who persisted in publicly performing the worship of idols in his house and that people of the city, both Muslims and Hindus used to resort to his house to worship the idol. The Brahman had constructed a wooden tablet which was covered within and without with paintings of demons and other objects. An order was accordingly given to the Brahman and he was brought before the Sultan. The true faith was declared to the Brahman and the right course pointed out, but he refused to accept it. A pile was risen on which the Kaffir (unbeliever) with his hands and legs tied was thrown into and the wooden tablet on the top. The pile was lit at two places, his head and his feet. The fire first reached him in the feet and drew from him a cry and then fire completley enveloped him. Behold the Sultan for his strict adherence to law and rectitude. In 1360 Firuz Shah Tughlaq led an expedition to Orissa. He destroyed the temple of Jagannath at Puri. Allah who is the only true God and has no other emanation, endowed the king of Islam with the strength to destroy this ancient shrine on the eastern sea-coast and to plunge it into the sea, and after its destruction he ordered the image of Jagannath to be perforated, and disgraced it by casting it down on the ground. After the sack of the temples in Orissa, Firuz Shah Tughlaq attacked an island on the sea-coast where nearly 100,000 men of Jajnagar had taken refuge with their women, children, kinsmen and relations. The swordsmen of Islam turned the island into a basin of blood by the massacre of the unbelievers. At Nagarkot (Kangra) he sacked the shrine of Jvalamukhi. The Sultan broke the idols of Jvalamukhi, mixed their fragments with the flesh of cows and hung them in nosebags round the necks of Brahmins. He sent the principal idol as trophy to Medina.

.... during that time: Mongol invasion under Amir Timur (1398-99) Timur (Amir Timur-i-lang, Tamerlane) was a Turk who accepted Islam and came to power as the head of a branch of Mongols based in Samarkhand and eventually claimed for himself Mongol descent. From his power base in Central Asia he began a massive series of conquests up to Moscow, Afghanistan, Persia and Anatolia. Then he decided to invade India. First Timur stormed the fort of Kator on the border of Kashmir. He ordered his soldiers to kill all the men, to make prisoners of women and children, and to plunder and lay waste to all their property. Next, he directed towers to be built on the mountain of the skulls of those obstinate unbelievers. Soon after, he laid siege to Bhatnir defended by Rajputs. They surrendered after some fight, and were pardoned. But Islam did not bind Timur to keep his word. In a short space of time all the people in the fort were put to the sword, and in the course of one hour the heads of 10,000 infidels were cut off. By now Timur had captured 100,000 Hindus. As he prepared for battle against the Tughlaq army after crossing the Yamuna, his Amirs advised him that on the great day of battle these 100,000 prisoners could not be left with the baggage, and that it would be entirely opposed to the rules of war to set these idolators and enemies of Islam at liberty. Therefore, no other course remained but that of making them all food for the sword. Tuzk-iTimuri continues: I proclaimed throughout the camp that every man who had infidel prisoners should put them to death, and whoever neglected to do so should himself be executed and his property given to the informer. When this order became known to the ghazis of Islam, they drew their swords and put their prisoners to death. One hundred thousand infidels, impious idolators, were on that day slain. Maulana Nasiruddin Umar, a counsellor and man of learning, who, in all his life, had never killed a sparrow, now, in execution of my order, slew with his sword fifteen idolatrous Hindus, who were his captives. The enemy's great reliance was on his enormous war elephants, 120 in number. They were covered with armour, and on their backs was a kind of litter or cage, in which crossbow men and discus throwers were concealed. Sharp poisoned points were fastened firmly, to their tusks. Rocket-men (takhsh-atgan) and grenade-throwers (ra'd-andaz) marched by their sides. Still, the Tughlaq army was defeated in the battle that ensued next day and their dynasty soon ended. Timur also entered Delhi and learnt that a great number of Hindus with their wives and children, and goods and valuables, had come into the city from all the country round. He directed his soldiers to seize these Hindus and their property. Many of them drew their swords and resisted. The flames of strife were thus lighted and spread through the whole city from Jahanpanah and Siri to Old Delhi, burning up all it reached. The Hindus set fire to their houses with their own hands, burned their wives and children in them and rushed into the fight and were killed. On that day, Thursday, and all the night of Friday, nearly 15,000 Turks were engaged in slaying, plundering and destroying. When morning broke on Friday, all my army went off to the city and thought of nothing but killing, plundering and making prisoners. The following day, Saturday the 17th, all passed in the same way, and the spoil was so great that each man secured from fifty to a hundred prisoners, men, women, and children. ... The khutba of my sovereignty, which is an assurance of safety and protection, had been read in the city. It was therefore my earnest wish that no evil might happen to the people of the place. But it was ordained by God that the city should be ruined. He therefore inspired the infidel inhabitants with a spirit of resistance, so that they brought on themselves that fate which was inevitable. High towers were built with the heads of the Hindus, and their bodies became the food of ravenous beasts and birds. Timur remained at Delhi fifteen days, and then marched to Firozabad and then to the Siwalik hills. The demon-like Hindus were lurking in places of ambush, and attacked my soldiers, but these retaliated with showers of arrows, and falling upon them with the sword forced their way into the valley. Then they closed with them, and fighting most bravely they slaughtered the enemy with sword, knife, and dagger. ... When morning came I ordered all the plunder that had fallen into the hands of my men to be collected, for I understood that some had obtained much and others little, and I had it all fairly divided. ... No one of them had less than one or two hundred cows, and ten or twenty slaves the other plunder exceeded all calculation. ... A party of the Hindus fled towards the mountain, and I taking a body of soldiers pursued them up that lofty mountain, and put them to the sword. After mounting to the summit I halted. Finding the spot verdant and the air pleasant, I sat myself down and watched the fighting and the valiant deeds my men were performing. Political developments at home compelled him to leave India. He died in 1405, just as he was gathering a massive army for an invasion of China. .... the Lodi Dynasty (1414-1526) After the Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) the Lodis took over. The most important Lodhi Sultan was Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517), who controlled the Ganga Valley as far as Bengal. He moved his capital from Delhi to Agra. In his time, Hindu temples were razed to the ground, and neither name nor vestige

of them was allowed to remain. In the city of Mathura, if a Hindu wished to have his head or beard shaved, there was not a barber that dared to comply. It is said that one day a Brahman declared in the presence of several Muhammadans that the religion of Islam was true, but that his own religion was also true. When this declaration reached the ear of the Doctors, they reported it to the Sultan (Sikandar Lodi) and as he was remarkably fond of religious and legal questions and theological controversies, he summoned the learned from various quarters, and invited their opinion on what the Brahman had asserted. The learned gave it unanimously as their opinion that he should be imprisoned, and that he should then be desired to embrace Islam, and if he should reject it, that he should be slain. Accordingly, when the Brahman was desired to embrace the Muhammadan religion, he refused to do so, and he was put to death. Many other similar instances of his zeal for religion occurred during his reign. His son was Sultan Ibrahim. When he resolved to conquer the fort of Raisin, an accommodation was proposed, and it was finally agreed that Puran-mal, with his family and children, and 4000 Rajputs of note, should be allowed to leave the fort ummolested. Several men learned in the law gave it as their opinion that they should all be slain, notwithstanding the solemn engagement which had been entered into. Consequently, the whole army, with the elephants, surrounded Puran-mal's encampment. The Rajputs fought with desperate bravery, and after killing their women and children and then burning them, they rushed to battle, and were annihilated to a man. .... the Bahmanis (1346-1689) The Bahamani kingdom was founded in 1346 by Hasan Gangu (Bahman Shah), who led a rebellion against Sultan Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq and proclaimed independence. In 1565, Sultan Ahmed Shah I Wali conquered Vijayanagara, the last Hindu kingdom of the South, after the battle of Talikota. Hampi, the capital of Vijayanagar, was pillaged for five months and nearly reduced to rubble. To this day the ruins show the amount of barbarism that went into its destruction and even the ruins are testimony to the Hindu genius of architecture. Every Hindu man, woman and child was killed. The river which ran near the field was dyed red with their blood. It is computed that 1,00,000 infidels were slain during the pursuit. Whenever the number of slain reached 20,000 the Sultan halted for three days and celebrated the killings of infidels (in such large numbers). The Mughals / Moguls (1526-1857) .... Babur (1526-1530) Babur, founder of the Mughal dynasty, was the king of Kabul. He conquered Punjab, Delhi and the Ganga plains as far as Bihar. In 1526 he defeated the Lodis. In 1528 in the battle of Khanwa he defeated Rana Sanga and attacked Chanderi (Madhya Pradesh): In AH 934 I attacked Chanderi and by the grace of Allah captured it in a few hours. ... We got the infidels slaughtered and the place which had been daru'l-harb for years was made into a daru'l-islam. He wrote poetry: For the sake of Islam I became a wanderer / I battled infidels and Hindus / I determined to become a martyr / Thank God I became a Ghazi. (A Ghazi is a killer of non-Muslims) His son was Humayun, the father of Akbar. .... Akbar the Great Under Akbar, Asaf Khan raided Gondwana in 1564. Seeking to acquire strategic fortresses throughout northern India, Akbar began the siege of Chitor in October 1567. It ended in February 1568, when Akbar himself killed the commander of the fort, Jai Mal, with a lucky shot of his musket. This broke the spirit of the defenders, 8000 of whom, having vowed to die in combat, perished in the resulting melee. Akbar, enraged at the lengthy and costly siege, ordered the massacre of 30,000 of the local peasants, whom he suspected of aiding the besieged. When the Emperor started to effect the conquest of Chitor, he vowed that if he were successful, he would make a pilgrimage to the tomb of Khwaja Mu'inu-d din Chishti, which is at Ajmir. In performance of this vow, he set off for Ajmir, and walked all the way on foot. On Sunday, the 7th Ramazan, he reached Ajmir. He performed all the observances of the pilgrimage, and made the poor and needy glad with his alms and offerings. .... Jahangir (1605-1628) Though in the beginning of his rule Jahangir followed the humanistic rule of his father Akbar, he revoked Akbars orders that those who have been forcibly converted from Islam could return to Hinduism. He severely punished Kaukab, Sharif and Abdul Latif for showing inclination to Hinduism. He also prohibited the free inter-marriage customs between Hindus and Muslims in Kashmir. Hindus

marrying Muslim girls and those who had already married were given a choice between Islam and death. .... Shah Jahan (1658-1707) See below under Taj Mahal. .... Aurangazeb (1658-1707) Aurangzeb considered himself The Scourge Of The Kafirs (non-believers). He had the koranic law applied in its strictest sense, cleansed from the court all musicians and poets, and imposed the jizya tax on unbelievers. In 1665 he forbade Hindus to display illuminations at Diwali festivals. In 1668 he forbade Hindu Yatras (pilgrimages). In 1669 he issued a general order calling upon all governors of all provinces to destroy with a willing hand the schools and temples of the infidels. Hasan Ali Khan came and said that 172 temples in the area had been destroyed. ... His majesty went to Chittor, and 63 temples were destroyed. ... Abu Tarab, appointed to destroy the idol-temples of Amber, reported that 66 temples had been razed to the ground. News came to court that in accordance with the Emperor's command his officers had demolished the temple of Vishvanath at Banaras. Till today, the old Kashi Vishvanath temple wall is visible as a part of the walls of the Gyanvapi mosque which Aurangzeb had built at the site. In his lifetime Aurangzeb destroyed more than 10,000 temples. In 1671 he issued an order that only Muslims could be landlords of crown lands, and called upon provincial Viceroys to dismiss all Hindu clerks. In 1674 lands held by Hindus in Gujarat, in religious grants were all confiscated. He ordered that the Hindus of Jammu&Kashmir be converted to Islam by force from the Kashmir side, and the viceroy of Kashmir Iftikhar Khan took the task. Any Muslim bringing the head of a dead Sikh was awarded money. In Punjab Muslim governors killed hundreds of Sikh children and made Sikh women eat the flesh of their own killed children. Aurangazeb killed Guru Gobind Singhs two children aged less than ten by walling them alive for not accepting the choice of Islam. Banda Bahadur before being torturd to death was also made to eat the flesh of his own children killed before his eyes. Thus Aurangzeb made once more the Mughal monarchy highly unpopular and everywhere revolts sprang up such as the one of the Satnamis of Alwar. Aurangzeb had them massacred until the last one, leaving an entire region empty of human being. He also battled against the Mahrathas, who spearheaded a Hindu renaissance in India. In 1689, he had Sambhaji, Shivaji's son and his Minister tortured systematically for three weeks and after that they were cut in small pieces till they died. Aurangzeb had a veritable genius for picking out provocative sites [for building mosques]. ... Aurangzeb and Philip II of Spain are a pair. (Arnold Toynbee) .... later Moghuls In 1707, following the death of Aurangzeb, a war of sucession broke out among his sons, which resulted to the rise to power of Bahadur Shah, who did not prove to be a capable leader. He died after only five years in 1712, when his four sons engaged in another war of succession. In 1713, Farrukhsiyar ascended to the throne, but ruled for only eleven months before being murdered himself. For several years thereafter the powerful Sayyid family put on the throne a series of phantom emperors, none of whom lasted very long. In 1719, Muhammad Shah came to the throne, but he inherited a deeply crippled empire, one which was increasingly challenged by rival powers such as the Marathas in the south and the Sikhs in the Punjab. War between the Sikhs and Moghuls occurred sporadically during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as the Sikhs gained increasing power and influence in the Punjab; a power the Moghuls struggled to curtail, given the strategic and economic importance of this region. Ultimately they failed, for the Sikhs power waxed while the Moghuls waned. By the close of the eighteenth century the Sikhs had created a powerful independent state under the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1799-1839). Nadir Shah (1739) In 1739 Nadir Shah of Iran led a large army into India, routed the Moghul army slaying 20,000 soldiers, factually imprisoned Muhammad Shah, and continued on to Delhi. On the morning of the 11th an order went forth from the Persian Emperor for the slaughter of the inhabitants. The result may be imagined; one moment seemed to have sufficed for universal destruction. The Chandni chauk, the fruit market, the Daribah bazaar, and the buildings around the Masjid-i Jama were set fire to and reduced to ashes. The inhabitants, one and all, were slaughtered. Here and there some opposition was offered, but in most places people were butchered unresistingly. For nine hours an indiscriminate slaughter of all

and of every degree was committed. It is said that the number of those who were slain amounted to one hundred thousand. Since the days of Hazrat Sahib-kiran Amir Timur, who captured Dehli and ordered the inhabitants to be massacred, up to the present time, A.H. 1151, a period of 348 years, the capital had been free from such visitations. The jewels, many of which were unrivalled in beauty by any in the world, were valued at about fifty krors. His Majesty (Muhammad Shah) bestowed on Nadir Shah, with his own munificent hand, as a parting present, the Peacock throne ... In short, the accumulated wealth of 348 years changed masters in a moment. The Peacock throne was the costliest single treasure made in the last 1,000 years. Wrought out of 1150 kg of gold and 26,733 precious stones (230 kg), conservatively in 1999 the throne would be valued at $804 million. Among the historical diamonds decorating it were the famous Kohinoor (186 carats). Nadir Shah, of Iran attacked Delhi in 1739 and for a week his soldiers massacred everybody, ransacked everything and razed the entire countryside, so that the survivors would have nothing to eat. He went back to Iran taking with him precious furniture, works of art, horses, the Kohinoor diamond, the famous Peacock throne and 150 million rupees in gold. (Alain Danielou) The Europeans (1540-1947) They (Indians) are weary of us. ... Wee have empoverished the ports and wounded all their trades. ... I knowe these people are best treated with the swoord in one hand and caducean in the other. (Sir Thomas Roe from India, 1615-19) We are all British gentlemen engaged in the magnificent work of governing an inferior race in India. (Lord Mayo, 1822-1872) .... Goa Inquisition (1560-1812) In 1541, Francis Xavier landed in Goa sent there by Ignatius Loyola of the Jesuit order under the direction of the King Joao III of Portugal. He soon came to the conclusion that Hindus are an unholy race. They are liars and cheats to the very backbone. The Indians being black themselves, consider their own color the best. They believe that their gods are black. On this account the great majority of their idols are as black as black can be, and moreover are generally so rubbed over with oil as to smell detestably, and seem to be as dirty as they are ugly and horrible to look at. I order everywhere the temples to be pulled down and idols broken. I know not how to describe in words the joy I feel before the spectacle of pulling down and destroying the idols. (Francis Xavier, elevated to sainthood; Christian schools in India were and still are named after him.) He writes to Rome to install inquisition in Goa immediately. In 1560 the Viceroys building is modified to become the place of inquisition with 200 cells. The Goan inquisition is regarded by all contemporary portrayals as the most violent inquisition ever executed by the Portuguese Catholic Church. It lasted from 1560 to 1812 (though in Europe it ended by 1774. An eye-witness remarked that, On seeing the monster everyone fled and disappeared, Moguls, Arabs, Persians, Armenians, and Jews. The Indians even, more tolerant and pacific, were astounded to see the God of Christianism more cruel than that of Mohammed, deserted the territory of the Portuguese. .... the British (1750-1947) The East India Company was established in 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I for spice trading. About 1750, the company established their power in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and the east coast. After the battle of Plassey, in 1757, they secured permission from the Mughals to collect land revenue from these provinces in return for an annual tribute and maintaining of order and peace. They collected the land revenues through the local Nawab and took control of his army. This gave them power without responsibility. In 1743-63 the Carnatic Wars were faught with the French over the control of South India. The Company defeated Tippu Sultan of Mysore in 1792, Nepal in 1816, the Marathas in 1819, Sindh in 1843, Punjab in 1849 and Burma in 1886. The cruel management of the company ultimately lead to the mutiny of 1857, after which its rule over India ended and the British Crown officially took over the administration in 1858. The British taxes were so high that there was neither money left for administration, nor for culture. School teachers, musicians, dancers and irrigation workers moved away, or took to farming. By 1871, 80% of the area was engaged in agriculture (compared to 50% before).

Independence (1947) .... partition: Pakistan (1946-47) In a Radio broadcast in 1946, Jinnah offered Hindus the choice between creating Pakistan and forcing a Civil War. In Calcutta more than a thousand Hindus were killed, before the Hindus started to fight back. A better spot was selected by the Muslim League, and this time it was Noakhali at the extreme end of Eastern Bengal, in an area densely populated by Muslims (80%). More than 50,000 Hindus were humiliated and converted. They were forced to dress, eat, and live like their so-called new brothers in faith, and to attend the mosques. The following is a pattern which was being repeated for several months in other parts of India: 1. In those places the population was mostly Muslim, and the Hindus and Sikhs were in the minority. 2. Preparations were made by the Muslim League a good time before the actual occurrence. Arms had been collected and distributed. Training in swift methods of killing had been imparted in the centres of the Muslim National Guards. The Muslim masses were aroused to a pitch of anti-Hindu-Sikh fury. 3. The attacks were simultaneous, widespread and in places so open and so sure of non-interference by the authorities that the assailants collected and marched with drums beating, shouting Muslim League slogans, and even making military formations. There was nothing secret about these attacks, as the police was on the side of the attackers. 4. Large-scale arson, murder of men, abduction, rape and dishonour of women, brutalities to children, looting, forcible conversions, etc., were common to the localities affected. Those attacked were first asked to pay off the invaders with money, followed by more demands and attacks. 5. The victims were given no quarter when beseiged. Places of worship were desecrated, and religious feelings were outraged with fiendish gusto. Shaving of Sikhs, feeding of Hindus and Sikhs on beef, circumcision of Hindus and Sikhs, marrying away young girls and widows of Hindus, and Sikhs to Muslims these practices were used. 6. Police and the officials seldom appeared on the scene untill long after the beseiged had been killed and their houses burnt and looted. 7. Muslim League leaders and Press said nothing in condemnation of these outrages. On the other hand, they trotted out imaginary stories of provocation by the non-Muslims, and of supposed retaliation by Muslims. This maintained the morale of the assailants. While the area of operations was necessarily limited under British rule, after the establishment of Pakistan it became general mass murder in West Punjab, in the North-Western Frontier Province, in Sind, Baluchistan and Kashmir. Even in ordinary pogroms in East Pakistan in 1950, more than 20,000 Hindus were killed. East Pakistan 1971: In March 1971 the Pakistani army initiated a campaign of terror which was to last untill its final surrender to the Indian army in December 1971. Hindus and their houses were marked with yellow Hs. They were robbed of their lands and shops, and systematically slaughtered. In each town there was an execution area where people were killed by bayonet, bullet or bludgeon; in some towns daily. The situation thus bears an uncanny resemblance to the predicament of Jews targeted by Nazis from 1939 to 1944, with a similar outcome. 10 million Bangladeshi refugees crossed over to India and 3 million were killed. 80 percent of them were Hindus. .... a foreign government The founder of the ruling family of India, after it gained independence, was Jawaharlal Nehru (18891964), who attended the Christian Trinity College in Cambridge, England. He was a lawyer and an agnostic (wikipedia). His daughter Indira married the Parsi /Muslim(?) Feroze Ghandy /Faredoon /Khan(?), and their sons were Rajiv and Sanjay(?). Rajiv married the Roman Catholic Sania /Sonia(?) Maino of Turin, and together they had a son Rahul /Raul(?) and a daughter Priyanka /Bianka(?). Their formal educations (exams?), marriages (Hindu?), religions (Adi-Dharm?), funding (KGB?, see wikipedia on Rahul Gandhi), carriers (former credits?), morals (corruption), and even names and citizenships (Italian?) are great mysteries to their subjects. Somehow, they occupied the name of Gandhi, although their ancestors were Nehru, Ghandy, Faredoon (Khan?) and Maino, and although their politic is anti-Hindu, anti-Sikh. One result is that most of the secular Indian media is owned or funded by Christian missionary groups, and the rest by the Communist Party of India and Muslim groups. A few examples: Times Of India World Christian Council; The Hindu (!) Joshua Society; Indian Express ACTS Christian Ministries; NDTV and India Today Gospels of Charity; CNN-IBN Southern Baptist Church; Star TV supported by St. Peters Pontificial Church; The Statesman and Kairal TV Communist Party of India; Asian Age and Deccan Chronicle a Saudi Arabian Company.

Taj Mahal
(Excerpts from an articel found in www.mantra.com/holocaust) Tourist information Shah Jahans reign was a golden period in which there was peace and plenty. He patronized literature and commissioned many buildings. The most famous one is the Taj Mahal (built 1632-1653), which he devoted to his favorite wife Mumtaz. Twenty thousand labourers worked for 22 years at a cost of millions of rupees. Shah Jahan had to spent his last eight years of life as a prisoner of his own son Aurangzeb in the Red Fort in Agra, peering at a tiny mirror glass in the wall, which reflected the Taj Mahal, and sighing in the name of Mumtaz. The story of Taj Mahal is a love story not found in papers but stands in the structural form. Facts (1) Shah Jahan (1592-1666) ruled in India from 1628 until 1658. During those 30 years he engaged in 48 military campaigns. Contemporary accounts speak of Shah Jahan as a hard hearted ruler, constantly involved in acts of tyranny and cruelty. In 1632, Shah Jahan ordered that all Hindu temples recently erected or in the course of construction should be razed to the ground. In Benares alone seventy six temples were destroyed. Christian churches at Agra and Lahore were demolished. He had ten thousand inhabitants executed by being blown up with powder, drowned in water or burnt by fire. Four thousand were taken captive to Agra where they were tortured to try to convert them to Islam. Only a few apostacised, the remainder were trampled to death by elephants, except for the younger women who went to harems. Peasents were compelled to sell their women and children to meet their revenue requirements. ...The peasents were carried off to various Markets and fairs to be sold with their poor unhappy wives carrying their small children crying and lamenting. The sword of Islam yielded a rich crop of converts. Shah Jahan was a drug and alcohol addict. (2) While his special attachment to any one of his wives is nowhere recorded, his amorous affairs with many other ladies from maids to mannequins find special attention in accounts of his reign. He had a harem of 5,000 women and an incestuous relationship with his daughter Jahanara, which he justified by saying, a gardner has every right to taste the fruit he has planted. (3) Shah Jahan was so miserly that he forced labourers to work without pay, even on minor projects. (4) Twenty thousand labourers have supposedly worked on building the Taj. So there should have been at least a few design drawings, labour muster rolls, daily expenditure sheets, bills or receipts of material ordered. Nothing. Neither the period of construction, the cost, nor the architect are recorded in Shah Jahans court papers. That is why wild estimates of the cost by gullible writers have ranged from 4 million to 91.7 million rupees. Likewise, the period of construction has been guessed to have taken anywhere between 10 years and 22 years. The architect of the Taj Mahal is also variously mentioned as Essa Effendy, Ahmed Mehendis, Austin deBordeaux, Geronimo Veroneo, or Shah Jahan himself. (5) Mumtaz died in Burhanpur which is about 600 miles from Agra. Her grave there is still intact. (6) Shah Jahan was held prisoner in the basement of the Fort (he could not see the Taj), and not in an open, fashionable upper storey. Actually, the glass piece mentioned in the beginning was fixed in the 1930s by Insha Allah Khan, a peon of the archaelogy department just to illustrate to the visitors how in ancient times the entire apartment used to scintillate with tiny mirror pieces reflecting the Taj Mahal a thousand fold. (7) If the Taj was built as a burial place, then the term Mahal (mansion) can not apply to it. (8) The Englishman Peter Mundy records in 1632, a year after Mumtazs death, that he saw a gem studded gold railing around her tomb. Had the Taj been under construction for 22 years, a costly gold railing would not have been noticed by Peter Mundy within a year of Mumtazs death. Such costly fixtures are installed in a building only after it is ready for use. .... incongruities According to the founder of Islam, the burial spot of a muslim should be inconspicous. Thus the following items are an incongruity in any tomb:

1. The Taj Mahal has pleasure pavillions. 2. There are two identical buildings which face the marble Taj from the east and west. The eastern building is explained away by Islamic tradition as a community hall, while the western building is claimed to be a mosque. Curiously enough the mosque has no minaret. 3. A few yards away from the mosque is the Nakkar Khana alias Drum House. (A drum house is a neccessity in a Hindu temple or palace because Hindu chores, in the morning and evening, begin to the sweet strains of music.) 4. Between the mosque and the drum house is a multistoried octagonal well with a flight of stairs reaching down to the water level. This is a traditional treasury well in Hindu temple palaces. Treasure chests used to be kept in the lower apartments while treasury personnel had their offices in the upper chambers. The circular stairs made it difficult for intruders to reach down to the treasury or to escape with it undetected or unpursued. In case the premises had to be surrendered to a besieging enemy, the treasure could be pushed into the well to remain hidden from the conquerer and remain safe for salvaging if the place was reconquered. Such an elaborate multistoried well is superflous for a mere mausoleum. 5. At the south east corner of the Taj is an ancient royal cattle house. 6. The entire Taj complex comprises of 400 to 500 rooms. 7. The Taj is a seven storied building. The marble edifice comprises four stories including the lone, tall circular hall inside the top, and the lone chamber in the basement. In between are two floors each containing 12 to 15 palatial rooms. Below the marble plinth reaching down to the river at the rear are two more stories in red stone. The seventh storey is below the ground (river). .... indications that the Taj is part of an ancient Hindu temple palace 1. The neighbouring Tajganj townships massive protective wall also encloses the Taj Mahal temple palace complex. This is a clear indication that the Taj complex was part and parcel of the township. 2. In the year 1973, chance digging in the garden in front of the Taj revealed another set of fountains about six feet below the present fountains. 3. Well known Western authorities on architechture like E.B. Havell, Mrs. Kenoyer and Sir W.W. Hunter have gone on record to say that the Taj Mahal is built in the Hindu temple style. Havell points out, that the ground plan of the ancient Hindu Chandi Seva Temple in Java is identical with that of the Taj. 4. The Taj Mahal entrance faces south. Had the Taj been an Islamic building it should have faced the west. 5. The central dome and four pillars at the plinth corners (so typical for a mosque) of the Taj are of the Hindu style. They were used as lamp towers during night and watch towers during the day, and served to demarcate the holy precincts. Hindu wedding altars and the altar set up for Lord Satyanarayan worship have pillars raised at the four corners. 6. The Taj Mahal dome bears a lotus cap. 7. The Taj Mahal has identical entrance arches on all four sides. This is a typical Hindu building style known as Chaturmukhi, i.e., four faced. 8. The Taj Mahal has a trident pinnacle over the dome. A full scale of the trident pinnacle is inlaid in the red stone courtyard to the east of the Taj. The central shaft of the trident depicts a Kalash (sacred pot) holding two bent mango leaves and a coconut. This is a sacred Hindu motif. The pinnacle on the dome has the word Allah on it, but the pinnacle figure on the ground does not have the word Allah. 9. The interior of the dome has a representation of Sun and cobras drawn in gold. Hindu warriors trace their origin to the Sun. For an Islamic mausoleum, the Sun is redundant. Cobras are always associated with Lord Shiva. 10. The tradition of removing the shoes before climbing the marble platform originates from pre Shah Jahan times when the Taj was a Shiva Temple. Had the Taj originated as a tomb, shoes need not have to be removed because shoes are a necessity in a cemetery. 11. A wooden piece from the riverside doorway of the Taj subjected to the carbon 14 test by an American Laboratory and initiated by Professors at the Pratt School of Architecture, New York, has revealed that this door is 300 years older than Shah Jahan. 12. Between 1959 and 1962 when Mr. S.R. Rao was the Archealogical Superintendent in Agra, he noticed a deep and wide crack in the wall of the central octagonal chamber of the Taj. When a part of the wall was dismantled to study the crack, marble images became visible. The matter was hushed up and the images were reburied. 13. There is a story that Shah Jahan wanted to build a Black marble Taj across the river. This is another motivated myth. The ruins dotting the other side of the river are demolished Hindu structures. 14. The marble that Shah Jahan used for grafting Koranic lettering in the Taj is of a pale white shade while the rest of the Taj is built of a marble with rich yellow tint. This disparity suggests that the Koranic extracts were fixed later. .... and last but not least Shah Jahans own court chronicle, the Badshahnama, admits (page 403, vol 1) that a grand mansion of unique splendor, capped with a dome (Imaarat-a-Alishan wa Gumbaze) was taken from the Jaipur Maharaja Jaisingh for Mumtazs burial, and that the building was known as Raja Mansinghs palace.

Invading Islam raised graves in captured buildings in every country it overran. All dead muslim courtiers and royalty including Humayun, Akbar, Etmad-ud-Daula and Safdarjang have been buried in captured Hindu mansions and temples, adding insult to injury.

Aryan Invasion
The Arian Invasion Theory (AIT) The study of comparative philosophy tends to show that Sanskrit is the mother of all Indo-European languages. From the Sanskrit were derived the original roots and the essentially necessary words which form the basis of all these languages. (Sir William Jones) The affinities of the Sanskrit language prove a common origin of the now widely scattered nations amongst whose dialects they are traceable, and render it unquestionable that they must all have spread from some central spot in that part of the globe first inhabited by mankind according to the inspired record. (H.H. Wilson, 1786-1860) Some linguists further argued that since the Indo-European group of languages shows most varieties in Europe, their mother language, some proto-Sanskrit, must have originated in Europe. In the Vedas, which are the oldest surviving Sanskrit scriptures, the kings describe themselves as Arya (Arier). Therefore, European scholars constructed, that both Sanskrit and Aryas must have come from Europe. Around 1,500 BC they were thought to have invaded India, carrying with them Sanskrit and the Vedas. Because European thought was racist, the Aryans were surely those fair skinned people in Northern India. They must have subjugated the darker race, driving them to Southern India, or making them outcaste slaves. .... useful for British rule (1) It legimitated their rule in India. We have as much right to be in India as anyone there, except perhaps for the Depressed Classes, who are the native stock. (Winston Churchill) (2) It stamped the higher casts of India, who were involved in the independence movement, as foreigners, just like themselves. (3) It made lower casts feel underprivileged in their ancestors land. It mobilized the tribals, who had been given the new name aboriginals (Adivasi) as part of this strategy, against the non-tribals, who are to be treated on a par with the European invaders of America and Australia. This in spite of the demonstrable foreign (East-Asian) origin of the Munda and Tibeto-Burmese languages spoken by the most tribes. (4) It divided Southern and Northern Indians. For example, in 1833 the British labelled the Sinhala community as Sinhalese race (Buddhist Aryan) and Tamils as Tamil race (Hindu Non-Aryans). Thus after successfully creating two races where there used to be harmony, on an island which had all the ingredients to be heaven, two people now started despising and killing each other. Hindu Tamils, being a minority, soon became landless refugees. The Dravidian separatist movement was founded under British patronage in 1916 as the Justice Party. They glorified the black Dravidian hero Ravana against the white Aryan hero Rama, disregarding the Ramayana information that Ravana was actually an Aryan coloniser of Sri Lanka and a performer of Vedic rituals, while Rama was dark-skinned (as were Vyasadeva and Krishna). But, The Vedic Aryans had no colour prejudice. How could they have? The Vedic Aryans were not of one colour. Their complexion varied; some were of copper complexion, some white and some black. (Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar) (5) It alienated many people from their own ancient Sanskrit culture. Sanskrit should be deleted from the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution because it is a foreign language brought to the country by foreign invaders - the Aryans. (6) It served to make Vedic culture newer than and possibly derived from Middle Eastern cultures. With the proximity and relationship of the latter with the Bible and Christianity, this now kept the Hindu religion and civilization on the sidelines of history. It also allowed the sciences of India to be given a Greek basis, as any Vedic basis was largely disqualified by the primitive nature of the Vedic culture.

An UNESCO publication characterises the Rigveda as the epic of the destruction of one of the great cultures of the ancient world. But Until the mid-19th century, no Indian had ever heard of the notion that his ancestors could be Aryan invaders from Central Asia who had destroyed the native civilization and enslaved the native population. Neither had South-Indians ever dreamt that they were the rightful owners of the whole subcontinent, dispossessed by the Aryan invaders who had chased them from North India, turning it into Aryavarta, the land of the Aryans. Nor had the low-caste people heard that they were the original inhabitants of India, subdued by the Aryans and forced into the prisonhouse of caste which the conquerors imposed upon them as an early form of Apartheid. One wonders why these natives, who vastly out-numbered the Aryans and lived their separate lives in their designated corner of the caste system, were unable to preserve the true story about the usurpation of their land and power by these foreign invaders. All these ideas had to be imported by European scholars and missionaries. Hindus collectively have no racial memory of an Aryan invasion in India. Some people misread the Ramayana as describing an invasion of the South from the North. But Ravana, the vanquished king from the South is not described anywhere in the Ramayana as belonging to an alien or an inferior racial stock. Ravana was indeed a scholar of the Vedas, belonging to the same cultural group as the victorious Rama. Furthermore, the Sarasvati, a river glorified in the Vedas, was recently identified as a riverbed, which had dried up 2,000 BC, long before the supposed arrival of those Aryans. Archeological evidence points to a gradual abandonment of Indus Valley sites due to climate change, and particularly due to massive tectonic activity around 1900 BC which changed the course of the Sarasvati. Thus the numerous cities located on its former banks were not destroyed by invading Aryans, but rendered uninhabitable by natural forces. The Ganga-Jamuna plain in the North of India is the original heartland of Hinduism. This is the seat of Ayodhya (Bihar), Mathura and Vrindavan (UP), Kurukshetra (Haryana) and Indraprastha (Delhi). The four pilgrimage sites Bhadrinath, Rameshvaram, Puri and Dvaraka are located in four corners of India. The following discovery deals a death blow to the Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT): Your Excellency, We are honoured to submit to you a paper providing evidence that a riddle, after a century of attempts, has finally found its solution. We mean the decipherment of the primeval Indus Valley Script. Competent scholars, since decades, have tried more and more decidedly, to find in Indus Script texts an Old Dravidian language, in vain. Now we are able to demonstrate beyond all doubt: the script is almost entirely phonetic, the basis is syllables, and the language is plain Sanskrit, to some extent close to proto-Aryan. The many hundreds of millions of citizens of India of Indo-Aryan descent may henceforth correctly maintain that, paleographically proved, their forefathers had, in times when Sumer, Ancient Egypt and China tentatively initiated civilization, in full splendour raised a high level one based on the most accurate phonetic writing early mankind ever had. It was a culture of a Hinduistic character that prevailed for a millenium and which covered an immense area of the Indian Subcontinent. It survived in the Hinduism of our day. Since the Indus Civilization strongly stimulated the rise of other civilizations of the globe, we consider it, as far as we are concerned, a modest token of an immense debt of gratitude to hand faithfully over to you, Representative of India in Germany, the enclosed pages. (Kurt Schildmann letter to Kishan S. Rana, Ambassador of India in Germany, 1994)

Conversion
I am surrounded by priests who repeat incessantly that their kingdom is not of this world, and yet they lay their hands on everything they can get. (Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821) The mind set of a missionary What a splendid instrument for spreading Christianity and civilization among the savage races of Africa! (Henry Morton Stanley, 1841-1904, when inspecting the original maxim gun) Neither truth, nor honesty, honor, gratitude, nor charity, is to be found in the breast of a Hindoo. (missionary Claudius Bucchanan, 1790)

This edition of mine and the translation of the Veda will hereafter tell to a great extent... the fate of India, and on the growth of millions of souls in that country. It is the root of their religion, and to show them what the root is, I feel sure, the only way of uprooting all that has sprung from it during the last 3000 years. It took only 200 years for us to Christianise the whole of Africa, but even after 400 years India eludes us, I have come to realize that it is Sanskrit which has enabled India to do so. And to break it I have decided to learn Sanskrit. The ancient religion of India is totally doomed and if Christianity doesn't step in whose fault will it be. The rotten tree for some time had artificial supports ...but if the English man comes to see that the tree must fall ... he will mind no sacrifice either of blood or of land ... I would like to lay down my life, or at least lend my hand to bring about this struggle. (Indologist Max Mueller) India, then, could not escape the fate of being conquered. ... What we call its history, is but the history of the successive intruders who founded their empires on the basis of that unresisting and unchanging society. From the Indian natives, reluctantly and sparingly educated at Calcutta, under English superintendence, a fresh class is springing up, endowed with the requirements for government and imbued with European science. (Karl Marx) When the walls of the mighty fortress of Brahmanism are encircled, undermined and finally stormed by the soldiers of the cross, the victory of Christianity must be signal and complete. Special object of his (Bodens) munificent bequest was to promote the translation of the scriptures into Sanskrit; so as to enable his countrymen to proceed in the conversion of the natives of India to the Christian Religion. (Monier Williams) The word should be passed all along the line that India is to be won for Christ, and that the greatest movement ever attempted in the history of Christianity is now at hand. Nothing in all modern history, nothing since the day of Pentecost, has been equal to the present opportunity. (Bishop James M. Thoburn, 1836-1922) The object of all missionary labor should not be primarily the civilization, but the evangelization of the heathen. Schools may be regarded as converting agencies and their value estimated by the number who are led to renounce idolatry and make an open profession to Christianity. (South Indian Missionary Conference of 1858) If you are not a Christian, it is truly a sad thing. It is sad because one day you will meet God, unprepared, and spend eternity in hell. (Reverend Jerry Falwell) Missionary activities The British were more cunning at the game than the Portuguese, careful to show respect for Indian religions. Yet they sneered at the pagans behind their back, educated the Indian elite in British-run schools, or at Eton and Cambridge - which, if it did not guarantee conversion to Christianity, resulted in lapsed Hinduism, agnosticism, or an intellectual humanism. In India, Anglo indoctrination produced a generation of brown sahibs who looked down on the religion of the masses, the opium of the people. Such is the power of colonization that a whole generation must pass before the paralyzing spell wears off. (Paul William Roberts) Major General Alexander Cunningham, a retired army engineer was appointed in 1861 as the first archaeological surveyor under the then British administration in India, not because he had any special knowledge, but because as early as 1842, when he was a mere Lt. A.D.C. to the Governor General Lord Auckland, Cunningham had suggested in a letter to Col. Skyes (a director the British East India Company) a scheme for falsifying Indian archaeology as undertaking a vast importance to the Indian Government politically and to the British public religiously (so that) the establishment of the Christian religion in India must ultimately succeed. Hindus are the favoured target group for the Southern Baptist Evangelicals who are now pouring hundreds and thousands of dollars into the conversion of the Hindus in India. Hindus are seen as an easy target because of their openness, respect for other religions and deep sense of spiritual values which can easily be exploited in the conversion strategy. The propaganda film Gods of the New Age, produced by Jeremaih Films, is a warning against the Asian and especially Hindu influences on modern Western culture and religion. It is clearly propagandistic: Bhagwan Rajneesh (alias Osho) is depicted as a typical representative of Hinduism, well-known shots of naked sadhus at the Kumbh Mela are claimed to have been smuggled out of India, Satan is claimed to be the mastermind behind Kundalini Yoga, because the Kundalini energy (whatever it may be) is represented by a snake. Rajneesh followers jumping up and down in a frenzy are presented as displaying the severe psychological damage done by Yoga, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad is credited with a strategy to convert the world, Mahatma Gandhi is presented as a sex pervert, the swastika is used to

link Hinduism with Auschwitz, and the viewers are warned: The religion that has all but destroyed India has now infiltrated the West. There are at least two large Christian terrorist groups operating in Tripura, the ATTF (All tiger tripura force) and the NLFT (National Liberation front of Tripura). These groups have announced their intention to free Tripura of Hindu rule and establish a country for Jesus Christ. Thousands of people have been killed by them and hundred thousands displaced, many have been forcefully converted. Miracle boxes are put in local churches: The gullible villager writes out a request a loan, a pucca house, fees for the sons schooling, and a few weeks later, the miracle happens. And the whole family converts, making others in the village follow suit. Is this ethical? No country in the world would allow this. (Francois Gautier) .... on conversion Missionaries are perfect nuisancess and leave every place worse than they found it. (Charles Dickens, 1812-1870) Most Christian converts had been allured to change their faith by other attractions than by a conviction of the truth and reasonableness. (Raja Rammohan Roy, 1820) (Rammohan Roy was appalled by an Anglican Bishop who tried to persuade him to declare himself a Christian. To sweeten the prospect, the Anglican assured him that he would enjoy a grand career and his name would descend to posterity as that of the modern Apostle of India. Roy was stunned, that this Englishman had the effrontery to ask him to renounce his faith for the shallowest of reasons.) Were the Pope, or his allies, to send in mission to us some thousands of Jesuit priests to convert us to their orthodoxy, I suspect that we should deem and treat it as a national aggression on our peace and faith. (Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826, liberal Christian President of the US) The religions whose theology is least preoccupied with events in time and most concerned with eternity, have been consistently less violent and more humane in political practice. ... Most European and American authors of books about religion and metaphysics write as though nobody had ever thought about these subjects except the Jews, Greeks, Christians of Mediterranean Basin and western Europe. Like any other form of imperialism, theological imperialism is the threat to world peace. (Aldous Huxley, 1894-1963) Ours is a terrible religion. The fleets of the world could swim in spacious comfort in the innocent blood it has spilt. (Mark Twain, 1835-1910) The Hindu and the missionary conceptions of toleration are poles apart. The missionary is bent upon destroying heathendom; there probably could not be found a Hindu desirous of destroying Christianity. For the Hindu, religious formulas are not absolute truth, but truth is a mythical and allegorical form; how is that which is infinite be compressed into the tiny vessel of a single dogma? A missionary after a painfully intense discussion once exclaimed to me, The light that is in you is darkness. Of course, I never dreamed of thinking that of him. For him, light had to be filtered through a glass of a familiar color before it could be recognized as light. The most subtle and in a certain sense, I suppose, effective proselytizing agency in India is the Mission School. When adult conversion was found to proceed slowly, it was decided to reach the children; hence the education bribe. The magic word itself stills opposition and enquiry; everyone is convinced that India needs educating. The education is undertaken with an ulterior motive, that of conversion. (Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, 1877-1947) We who had come from the east have sat here day after day and have been told in a patronizing way that we ought to accept Christianity because Christian nations are the most prosperous. We look about us and we see England the most prosperous Christian nation in the world, with her foot upon the neck of 250,000,000 Asiatics. We look back into history and see that the prosperity of Christian Europe begin with Spain. Spain's prosperity began with the invasion of Mexico. Christianity wins its prosperity by cutting the throats of its fellow men. At such a price the Hindoo will not have prosperity. (Swami Vivekanada) It is a remarkable fact that the outstanding Christians in India are the first generation... We had thought that the third and fourth generation would be much more outstanding... The reasons why the first generation people were wonderful was because they brought over their Hindu culture, and they were at home in their own categories. They had their roots in the cultural past: therefore they were natural. The second generation were taken out, and became neither good Europeans nor good Indians. The second and third generation Christians are neither this nor that. In that period, the Indian Christian had lost his soul. (William Ernest Hocking, 1873-1966) Most Christians today (and most scholars of religion) would be scandalized if the feudal system, slavery, capitalist exploitation or anti-Judaism were used to define the essence of Christianity. They

would understand these things to be historically and socially bound and not part of Christian universal ideals. In short, descriptions of Christianity in textbooks would distinguish the core or essence of Christian theology from specific social, historical and political contexts. However, Hinduism is not treated in the same way. (Rajiv Malhotra) Conversion nowadays has become a matter of business like any other ... India (Hindus) is in no need of conversion of the kind ... Conversion in the sense of self-purification, self-realization, is the crying need of the times. That however is never what is meant by proselytizing. To those who would convert India (Hindus), might it not be said: Physician heal thyself. Our innermost prayer should be that a Hindu should be a better Hindu, a Muslim a better Muslim, a Christian a better Christian. Why should a Christian want to convert a Hindu to Christianity? Why should he not be satisfied if the Hindu is a good or godly man? Dont attempt to propagate your faith; just live it. (Mohandas Gandhi, 1869-1948) According to Christian leaders in India, the apostle Thomas came to India in 52 AD, founded the Syrian Christian Church, and was killed by the fanatical Brahmins in 72 AD. Legend has it that Saint Thomas was martyred in Madras after failing to win a debate on theology with local Brahmin pundits. But according to the Vaticans records Thomas never came to India; he died in Spain. The best guess to the antecedence of the Syrian Christian community is a Middle-eastern merchant named Thomas of Cana who fled Antioch (Syria) with several of his followers to Kerala, around 300 AD, to escape religious persecution. Like the Jews who also settled there, and who may have been contemporaries, they were generously welcomed by the local ruler and allowed to peacefully coexist with the natives. The nature of a particular religions psychic force depends upon the gunas or qualities that it is based on. Sattvika teachings promote love, compassion, non-violence, tolerance and a respect for different beliefs. Rajasika religions reflect a mentality of aggression and pride seeking to conquer the world for the true faith. Tamasika religions are mired in superstition, prejudice, hatred and fanaticism. If a religion has strong rajasika or tamasika elements then these will eventually come out in the psyche of its believers and lead them to destructive behavior. It can result in mob action in which people lose their reason, feeling and compassion. (David Frawley) See also: Ram Swarup (Hindu View of Christianity and Islam), Sita Ram Goel (Hindu Temples, What Happened to Them), Ibn Warraq (Why I Am Not A Muslim), Koenraad Elst, David Frawley, Subhash Kak, N.S. Rajaram, and Hinduism Today.