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AB Y DOS
PAET
II.
1903
BY
W.
M.
FLINDERS PETRIE
II
MEMBER OF THE IMPEKIAI. GERMAN ARC AEOLOGICAL 1NSTIT1 CI CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE BOCIBTS OF ANTHROPOLOGY, BERLIN; MEMBER OK THE ROMAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQV ARI J
With a Chapter by
F.
Ll.
GRIFFITH,
M.A.,
F.S.A.
TWENTY-FOURTH MEMOIR OF
LONDON
SOLD AT
The
37,
W.C
bt
Dbtbb* Ho.se,
43,
B.
QUAEITCH,
and
1903
Fww
Arts-
T)T
51
LONDON
PRINTBD BY GILBERT AND IUVINGTON, LIMITED,
ST.
E.C.
SIR
JOHN EVANS,
K.C.B., D.O.L.,
IPicc^ipresiocnta.
LL.D.
General Lord Grenfell, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. The Rev. Prof. A. H. Sayce, M.A., LL.D. The Hon. Chas. L. Hutchinson (U.S.A.).
M. Charles Hentsch
(Switzerland).
1boii.
(Treasurers.
(Boston, U.S.A.
1bcm. Secretary.
J.
S.
Members
T. H. Baylis, Esq., M.A., K.C., V.D.
of
Committee.
A. S.
W.
Wm.
F. G.
M.D
Emanuel M. Underdown, Esq., K.C E. Towry Whyte, Esq., F.S.A. Major-General Sir Charles W. Wilson.
K.C.B., K.C M.G., F.R.S.
Mrs. McClure.
M A.
CONTENTS OF PART
II.
CONTENTS
SECT.
PAGE
PI.
SECT.
PAGE
49. Sealings.
xvi
31
61.
Pottery
Pis.
of
Vlth Xllth
Dynasties.
50. Inscriptions,
PI.
Vth
.
Vlth
PL xxi
.
Dynasties
31
xlv-xlvi
39
xvii-xx
51.
Objects of Pepy.
tools,
32
PI.
CHAPTER
The
Bv
V.
52. Copper
xxii
53. Inscriptions,
xxiii-v
.... ....
Vlth
Dynasty.
Inscriptions.
Xlth
Dynasty.
Pis.
33
Pis.
54. Inscriptions,
Xllth
Dynasty.
62 The 63 The
sealings
decrees
xxvi-xxix
55. Inscriptions,
Pis.
33
....
.
41
41
42
43
XHIth
PL
Dynasty
&c.
xxx-xxxii
xxxiii.
34
35
44 45
XlXth Dynasty
Pis.
xxxiv-xxxix
35
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
IV.
VI.
Summary of Results.
68. Religions 69. Artistic
.....
APPENDIX.
47
48
38
Dynasty.
PL
xlii
38
60. Pottery of
xliii-iv
Ilnd Vtli
Dynasties.
PL
39
....
50
LIST OF PLATES
WITH INFERENCES TO THE PAGES UN WHICH THEY ARE DESCRIBED.
PLATE
I.
Temple
II.
Dynasty
III.
48
IV.
V.
VI.
VII. VIII.
Glazed figures,
1st
Dynasty
23, 24, 25
.
25
25, 26
,,
Glazed beads,
tiles,
&c,
1st
Dynasty
23, 20
10, 20, 27
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
,,
27, 28, 49
.
,,
28 48
,,
Ivory statuettes,
1st
30, 48, 49
9, 30,
XIV.
,,
Royal objects,
1st
Vlth Dynasties
.
31, 32, 49
.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
Copper
tools, &c.
31
,,
Sealings, 1st
Vth Dynasties
and
stele,
29,
31, 41,
.
31,41
31, 41,
42,49 42,49
43
Temple
,,
of Pepy, Lintel
,, ,,
Vlth Dynasty
12,3 1,
Inscriptions,
Vlth Dynasty
1 ,
,,
,,
Copper
:
tools,
Temple
Inscriptions of
Xlth
Xllth Dynasties
I
48 43
XXIV.
XXV. XXVI.
XXVII. XXVIII.
Temple of Mentuhotep III, Xlth Dynasty Temples of Mentuhotep III and Sankhkara, Xlth Dynasty Temple Lintel of Usertesen I., &c.
:
16, 33,
43,48 33, 43
43
,,
XXIX.
Xllth Dynasty
XXX.
XXXI. XXXII.
Steles
44
36
34, 44
34, 35,
Inscriptions of
XUIth XVIIIth
Dynasties
LIST OK PLATES.
PLATE PAGE
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII.
,,
Inscriptions,
XlXth
XXth Dynasties
Amenhotep
....... ....
.....
.
35
35, 44
19, 35,
36
,,
36, 45
36,
,,
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLIII.
,,
XlXth Dynasty Inscriptions of Unnefer, Nezem and Auy, XlXth Dynasty Boat, harper, pieces of figures of Mut-tuy, XlXth Dy nasty
Head
of Neb-en-maat, figure of Pa-ra-hotep,
45
36, 45, 46
.
,,
Flint knives
....
.
37
38
38
39
39
,,
28, 38, 48
.
Vth Dynasties
XLIV.
XLV.
XLVI.
XLVII. XLVIII.
,,
Pottery of
Pottery of
of Old
11, 20, 39
14, 15, 20, 39,
Temple Temple
,,
Kingdom
Temples of
:
Vlth XX Vlth
Dynasty
XLIX.
L.
Some
1st
principal buildings
LI
LII.
LIII.
Vlth Dynasty
40
12
18
7
11, 12, 13
.
6, 11, 13,
.
8, 9,
30
34
lu
0,23, 26,28,31, 39
10, 14, 31, 32,
14, 15,
LIV.
LV. LVI.
LVII.
LVIII.
,,
III)
15, 16
1(1,
Xllth XHIth
Dynasties
.
17
:\()
V.),
20
21
21
10
LIX.
Periods of levels
of glazes and ivories, 1st Dynasty
5, 6,
LX.
LXI.
LXII.
LXIII.
,,
5, 0,
.
Chamber
,,
XVIIIth Dynasties
20
21
Tahutmes
III
LXIV.
21,22
Plates
1.
ABYDOS
INTRODUCTION.
1
.
II.
it,
at the
till
some
different
903.
In the previous
mode
of work.
last
Abydos had
its
low Nile of
tunity that
I
summer gave us
it
period
to gain.
When
began at the
age and
the con-
went out
November,
in
tion, the
water
our
it
pits
when
had
left
in
is
was thus
I.
settled,
and the
results
was
appeared in Abydos
The
position of this
thus able to begin a season with better conditions than are generally obtained at the dry end
town was
closure
close
behind the
temples
of the season
to recede
No
II.
and whatever was possible to be done without enormous pumping Avorks was
be ever hoped
for,
We
below
made use
of the
more
into
of the desert,
was
chance by clearing as
could deal with,
much
to
of the site as
we
higher up
down
this exceptional
cultivated land
it
upwards
as a
hills,
water
level,
and no
never likely to be
back.
As most
of the site
we
upon by Nile deposits as the level of the river and what was formerly dry ground when rose built on in the early monarchy is now about
;
twenty
rise of
feet
level.
This
bed,
early
is
sites
and
in
the
previous season
we
and the sand basis was reached so near is unto the lowest and oldest temple that it here. likely that any earlier building existed We have probably, therefore, exhausted the
deeper
;
cleared as far as
we could on
the native-sand
though no doubt there by the are acres of early buildings and enclosure
site of
the temple
itself,
side of
it.
ABYDOS
The broad
result
is
II.
whatever stood
exploration.
in the
way
of
more complete
left
difference
of level
each
work
of the
around them
in
this
way
at the
end of the
earlier kings.
2.
On
sites
briefly occuit
is
fifteen
best
it is
removed, and so
3.
main consideration
in the
work was
And
also
where there
is
no structural connection
between
building,
to
had been
last
season
important
But
we began along
superposition
of so
many
buildings,
it
and the
like railway
needful to
thus
filling-
searched
and we
area.
lower
levels,
to the water.
and the
it
ground, made
im-
In such a clearance
serve
all
was impossible
to pre-
on to
Had we avoided moving the foundations of the XXVIth Dynasty, we could never have seen much of the earlier work had we left the paving of the XHth Dynasty in place, we must have sacrificed the objects of the
the structures.
;
Pits
Other
pits
lines
And, moreover, in the present Egypt we could not hope that any limestone building left exposed would be preserved for long so that we should have resigned
conditions of
;
Old Kingdom.
clear
of stonework or
any
Similarly on
which would soon be destroyed. Even while we were continually on the spot,
and so tempting a quarry, with a big
it,
at
some way
out,
we could then
feet
raise
high
all
along.
We
had
all
to
remove about
only
conse-
night
twenty
area.,
feet
depth of earth
will
never be
left
and
sometimes
twenty-five
in
Also
left
narrow
and
pH ml
i
that
in
earth to
to
considerable distance
a,
it
was needful
hands from
carried on
fore
employ
large
number
of boys as carriers.
old
was
to
everything
and remove
INTRODUCTION.
Quft, about thirty to forty pairs being employed
nil
he marked on
it
and the
fixed
lev<
1-
could
then
be
I
this site;
measured
levels;
off
t"
points.
Altogether,
;
Quftis
had
aumber
In the
of boys,
to
which
pari
made 586 measurements of bricks took 1,073 and made 2,132 plan measurements, besides 2,010 such which were made by Mi'. Stannus. The nine plates of plans here pubare
had to be
carried.
latter
lished
therefore the
result
of
nearly six
thousand measurements.
5.
else
to
discharge
added
good
deal
to
the
temples
much
The
was
fort,
and run
old
The arrangeto
Khasekhemui
tort
between
that
and the
another
was found,
with chambers
as the
boys
as
if
left
their
be,
own
so
Thus
n -ecu,,
near as
may
and
two
forts,
be carried only to
other side.
first,
to
the Ilnd
Dynasty.
The
distant
ground should be
lines of
explored, finding
great
formed,
of
tomb
at
the southern
;
found
last
year,
be thrown until
continuously.
filled
up
shrine, a terrace
el
temple
the
in a
prototype
of
Deir
Bahri
and
III.
As the excavation progressed there was an incessant need of planning and recording all the
4.
constructions.
All these
supplementary
Where
volume, Abydos
6.
Our party
all,
and the surfaces examined to see whether they were foundations or upper conBut in the lower levels where only structions.
be searched
for,
most of
E.
work
Mr.
Avhom helped
and
Ayrton was
brickwork work was used the survey needed a long preliminary study of the fragments of walls.
Often,
forts,
alter
that
T.
Mr. C.
a high Avail
when cleared,
but having a
Again,
it
order to learn to
on the same
to
tomb
of the
was
difficult
found the works of Aahmes. Miss L. Eckenstein volunteered to come and help us, and gave
her time
almost
entirely
to
continuous.
receiving
the
therefore always
went about
and storing
so
them, which
is
a large branch of
is
work Avhen
of
time in cutting innumerable sections and The top and tracing out the lines of the bricks.
my
much
productive excavation
on hand.
Miss
base
had
to
F. Hansard also volunteered her help in drawing, and has produced most of the plates of
ABYDOS
inscriptions.
II.
Miss M.
A.
Murray, although
all
Of
detailed
most
work,
had
to
do
all
of the others.
the
in superintending the
workmen
in the temple
also
drawing
plates.
excavation.
And Mr. H.
the
pottery
the
Though
My
flints
any one,
if
we
Research Account
many
details of import-
My own
time was
all
full record.
CI
AI'TKI!
I.
mode
moved by us, being outside of the early temple area. The connection between the sloping sand
zero of last year and the level zero of this year
maybe
stated thus:
Near the
500 inches
is
\V. wall
of the
to
down
1
to
in -40 for
then
in
70
on the con-
1,000
inches,
and
this region,
about the
of last year
150
worked.
basal sand
this year.
relative age,
and
I.
in inches in Abydos
But the sand would probably slope down to an average of 100 above zero beneath the
and the average of seven forms of pottery found in both systems of levels, would
temple
site
;
o-ive
in
absolute level.
the
site.
And
grew irregufilled
larly,
Such amount of difference is desirable to avoid confusion, which might have arisen if the numbers had been nearly alike. There are no
heights of objects over sand last year as large as 20 inches, and there are no levels of objects
1
sand
part of
was impossible
to
tins
and therefore heights could not be read from it. The only method then was to take true
site,
In
the
plans
here given
it
should be
levels
by the
understood that not only the new certain period are shown, but also
buildings of a
all
buddings
differences of level.
Hence
to
levels to
have been
all
the heights
oversandof
The zero
that
we know
at
to distinguish
the buildings
Tahutmes
visible
as that
was
from
parts of the
site,
from which are in previous plans are shaded appear first hio-h left to low right, those which
ABYDUS
iii
II.
and,
ings are
lines
without any
in
To begin
with, an outline of
is
of
given, to
1
show
is
given in
also the
table at the
levels
general
nature of
all
;
the
site.
have not
the whole
and
of the
attempted to show
periods, nor
work
which
wall
of
but only
a,
selection
site.
will avoid
Stonework
line for
is
marked
in
solid
;
black where
in
marked
I
;
open outBrick-
Usertesen
it
are the
same
foundaof
work
is
rests
But
this wall
has been so
a
Upon
inches
plans
the
are
shown
in
often
complete
datum.
Usually
;
study of
rest
some parts
two
the lower
on XlXth Dynasty building, and even Roman jmtchwork is seen. The general characit is
showing when
the ground
is
that
ter of
shown
in
which shows
portions,
the
first
towers of
the period
when
it
was
brickwork built
close of
connecting walls
courses.
use.
is
stated to a
it is
The purpose
shows that
it
a
is
may
be
after
shows that
made
face,
in
here.
The weakness
consists
of great walls of
a top level.
unbaked brick
also
There
type,
are
reference
the
numbers
in large
re-
when
mainly to
to
foundation deposits,
away
ferring
the
numbers
attached to objects
An
found.
to
have construction
the face.
real
And
the best
lines
way
are
of ensuring that
laid,
is
in the walls.
strengthening
to have
the "nominal
number
is
in the table of
dimenThis
alternate blocks
built
and
well
finished,
and
then
connected
by
intermediate
this
masses.
if scal-
" nominal
number"
Another advantage of
ing begins in
wall
will
form
is
that
the
the table as
it,
prevent
block.
spreading
alternate
through
concave
to
letter or reference
I'
mark, and
gives
another
The
and
an
idea o
the
general
time.
It is
intentionally
made
slightly differenl
in
ing isolated
like all
for different
group- of bricks,
in the table.
order
to serve
to identify
them
The hard
lace
across the
are
the
essential
advantages of
this
previous tombs.
far
Al!
if
these
are,
of course,
construction.
on this
Kom-es-Sultan
is
the
outline plan.
The excavations of
a
lasl
because
of the
abundance of burials
the earth
fool
or
two of
site
all
to
far
in
below
i
earth
was run
between
f tin'
from
the
this
walls,
thus
the
digging
northwards,
passing
Kom-es-
through
town of
before
the
the
Old
great
here
\ VI
Ihh Dynasty,
l-t
the
tombs of the
were
built.
Dynasty.
sides of this enclosed corner
This ground
was
all
completely
a
outer wall;
work.
higher than
his.
It
appears
begun
it
one
Of the two long walls marked vi the inner Ii is older, but was reused by is Pepy.
Illrd Dynasty.
of the
is
great
fortification,
was
feared
so
that
they
cross
two
The outer
Dynasty,
Avail
is
the temenos
side of
Vlth
un-
box
off
the
corner
and
the
west
which
all
yet
de-troyed.
On
to the
is
strangely askew
The temple
with the X.,
of
Pepy
it.
is
shown
in
the middle,
gateway
is
W. and
boundary
which
of the
of
S.E. corner
so
The
the
thick
wall wall
outside of that
is
greal
pylon
is
all
The causeAvay
feature
line
seems
have
full.,
wed the
the
later
west gate
is
main
but
it is
and
it
was cut
Dynasty.
Vlth Dynasty wall on the north. The walls of the Xllth Dynasty arc omitted here, as they would cause so much confusion
of the
;
two by
XXth
to
and
be studied.
gateways
kept up
runs through
and
have been
The
ment
10.
outline
high
level
by Tahutmes
III,
it
who who
built a wall
xviii here),
(marked
Ramcssu
and
also
by Eamessu
through
II,
built
a great
of building,
and an intermediate
stage.
The
pass
on
entering
the
cemetery,
on the temple
A.
To
wall
is
based at
down
at
tombs of the
Dynasty,
which were
dis-
covered last year and published in Abydos J, xxxvi xlix. One more, No. 27. was found
probably when the adjacent chambers The Avidc layer of sanded at 1G5 Avere built. groundat 146 shows a rearrangement and fur158
level,
this
it
was
of just the
same character
Of the bishing of the site at a second period. same date seems to be the continuation of this
ABYDOS
wall to the southward, based at 154.
II.
No
such
or F, the lowest
ft.
ground being
tilled
with rubbish
Both
5
and
7 spaces
imply unlikely
ft. ft.
The
build-
and
each
spans
seems then to be that of the original temple, and to have been entered by a passage
from
the
it
south.
In front of
this,
walls of
the north
165
XXth
and others
at
146
and 163
level.
Dynasty
its
top at 148
Avail
a set of four
might be part of a north wall of the same age. Of the same earliest building are the chambers
by
three
more chambers
at
172 to
of these,
The second period, of the rearrangement of A, is marked by the sanded ground at 146 east
of A, the extension of
southward
at
154, the
made the road in front of the temple the only way into the temenos. To the east of the temenos Avail D the ground
Avas
away
to the
west at
142.
The date
the
indicated
by
As
rubbish accumulated
ribbed
sealing
floor
on the
Qa
These
which
rises
from 142
to 165.
positions
may
Den
then
of
much
ground
of
If
at
170 to 180
F,
and around
it,
later
chambers of
;
and
from 157 on the east to 185 towards the west, completely burying the remains of the
rises
of the temple
older temple at A.
at
E
;
perhaps of Zer.
site
was 42
ft.
wide
inside,
ft.
thick
This
Avill
change of
level,
but
it
and sanding
and the
Mena
earliest
temple at
Avould be that of
0.
but
it
The north wall was not traced, must have been under the line of the
170-190
Avail
Such seems
fixed
site,
from the
later wall a1
will
level, as
be seen a
12.
PI.
li.
The temple
of the
llnd and
much
and
Dynasty.
a
An
entrance
to the
can
190.
'21
We
12
remains at
skew front
store
i^
ft.,
rooms was built, with a sill at 1X5, which shown in the last plan, but which should be
TIIK
IN
I'OltY
OV THE TBM1
traceable,
il
transferred
to
the
present.
A Long
wall
was
prol
al
3tarfo
<l
in
the
[Vth
the
north.
To
the
an outer enclosure
t<i
The ground sloped much a- before, and bence we may consider the eastern door-sill
Dynasty.
-'
' I
appears at 200-235
joined
the
Level,
which seems
bave
level tu lia\e
hern
gtill
Ml
ll-e
along Willi
southern
is
is
boundary wall
D.
The
north boundary
202-254.
210.
Within
this area
The
much
larger
a
at
192,
ma<s
,,|
store
i"
chambi
showing
Dynasty.
refurbishing
in
the
llnd
the north,
The
of
To
way which
site
in
to a
had been
two by
long wall
1);
new
that
oil'
block
and the
actual
Probably
1)
shut
the
was
in the
llnd Dynasty
rebuilt
much
Whatever
by Pepy.
is
there
av,-i<
of
in
the
shrine
the
recon-
more brickwork
struction
Jut a great
level.
mained which
Level black
so far unique.
At
about
_'1<i
At
the
south
of the
ft.
deep and 3
cut
ft.
in
more than 10 by
delimited
15 feet in area.
After several
diameter
it
was
In
roughly
through
the
strata of pottery
by a thin wall
two courses of
being laid upon
shown on
pi. xii
and the
is
level
the ashes.
that
were mainly
it
practically
we have
The
fine
was earth stained black by the dust. No bones were found in this pile, nor any definite objects
of
sacrifice
black cylinder,
or
ottering,
except hundreds
of
Agreeing nearly
style of
little
twists of
xiv,
burnt
clay, of the
forms shown
is
the
flint
hake of the
in pi.
285
287.
level,
some object of
ottering,
quarters of a sheep.
began
lii.
earlier.
An
garded as a mere rubbish heap, because (1) no ordinary rubbish such as broken pottery was
found
a
place,
in
which the
older buildings
of
the
in
it,
(2) it
210, and
this
new
is
thin
line
of bricks,
change
votive
offerings
was found
and these
uncertain
is
else.
must
there-
that of Pepy,
in the
as there are
two periods
is
known
in
any of the
10
ABYDOS
in
II.
any
tained
1st
the "lazed
figures
and
ivories
of the
Dynasty.
This and
some
of
the
other
this
offerings
in
about 12
feet wide,
;
of burnt offering
it was in fact a mere cell which enclosed the ground and there does not seem to
the
previous plan
this.
Have
There
is
a difficulty in understanding
how
came
these
basis of the tradition about Khufu, preserved by Herodotos, that " having shut up all the temples, he first of all forbade
1st
Dynasty
in them.
By
we.
should
attribute
them
to
offer
sacrifice,
and
afterwards
he
"
ordered
(Hdtos.
all
ii,
the Egyptians to
work
for himself
Xlth Dynasty. Either we must suppose that building must have gone on
chambers
the
124)
site
;
6 or 7
else
ft.
At
of burnt
or
that
offering
by
and
ix,
place,
cell
of
offerinsr.
may
well
have
As
the large
set
ape-like
stones
(pi.
Vth Dynasty.
The deposit
from any other, having only a few small beads and a little model adze of copper in
the sand.
when
put in position.
South of
buildings,
this
sanctuary
was a block of
clear
The general nature of the sanctuary of the IVth and Vth Dynasty then is different from
the earlier or later arrangement.
large building there
ings,
is
E, which
had a
passage
left
Instead of a
between
15.
to
it
cell for
burnt
it
offer-
in
which
stands
were
placed,
apparently
another wall
to
the south
down,
thrown
offering
a heap.
Both the
cell
and
the
later
At
led
at
temple
is
the stone
sill
doorway which
The stones
The
Vlth
:
Dynasty was
the
203 and 209 may be part of the foundations of a stone doorway to which this sill belonged.
Behind the sanctuary
to the wesl
two stone
the ground
this
offerings.
Two groups
broken
other
important
stonework
remains.
are given
(pi.
pi. xii,
The
other such
pottery
vases,
pari
stands,
great
mass of
various
by the
of the
in
xix)
of
Large
vessels
and
standing unmoved
just
original
base-block,
were
Inn;
in this area.
in front of the
is
was
the
chamber
which
con-
which
at
11
The
position
to
of
the
steles
pr
up;
(No.
by the
sid
of the
(pi.
sill,
which con
form
thai
isted
the entrance
in
bhe
'niied a pottery
vase
this position
ii
of
Pepy280
alabaster vases.
ai
(;.'><>
similar
deposil
E.,
al
is
and yei
as the
steles,
inches to the
I
and 750
ground of the sides is lower than the doorway, and the tablets of Pepy 1 were thrown away on ground at the same level as
the
level
19)
it
Here
clear
io
building ground
ai
varied from
196
doorway.
This
doorway
carries
with
it
299
one period
lowest
and
in
general
tin'
the the
P.
the
ground, and
SAW
highest.
outer enclosure
which
is
at
the
same
level.
17.
The
building
at
A,
to
with
thick
walls
The gateway
of the
east
Gr
D
face
is
self-dated
by the name of
be the temple of
Pepy
middle
the
it
ft.
was 60
It
ft.
ft.
from
hack
to
to
front,
xlvii).
The outer
wall
stoi'c
is
and 70
wide.
appears
have had a
ft.
gateway
of
D,
as
hall,
23
wide and 49
long,
A.S
walls
and
it
at
bably of timber
higher level.
plans,
in
Yet, as
the
further
altered
bases
the
only
uncertainty
the
Xlth
Dynasty, and
six pillars
The two
this
doors,
a
one at each
shows that
was
pro-
be
much
older than
that age.
As from our
KVIIIth
hall stood
we can hardly
in
Dynasty.
to
19.)
the
Vllth
Xth
Pepy,
Dynasties,
consists
of a
pavement
in side
Vlth Dynasty.
the
As
the gateway
is
ou
pi. xlvii.
The
position of the
jamb
is
first
who we know
and
in place,
and the
temples
of
Tanis,
Bubastis,
had
side
stood.
was
for
in
The ground varied in level a good deal at The gateway D is only 196 level this period.
:
was
in
place.
a,
There was
wide, closing
passage of 41
is
a.
wide.
The
in
at
southern doorway
with 4
in.
single
block
of stone,
all
about
in 10 to 234, as
shown by the
slope of
sunk lower
for
the door
Thence
it
level
1
273
a
is
written); \\w
by the Pepy
the temple
is
of
in. thick.
at 245,
is
42
in.
wide, closing
same building
same age
is
at 273.
The groove
is
for inserting
side.
block
on the west
12
ABYDOS
the inner sides of the
II.
On
is
left.
The
steles Avere
in
which they
266
X 9^ and and 37 X IS
29
at the end.
29
in.
x
;
40
19
filled
in across the
doorway down
to
level,
doubtless
by
Sankh-ka-ra,
Around
this
temple
Avail.
there
seems
is
to
have
been an enclosure
At B
a corner of
the
if
portions on
been ruined at
yet the Avhole of
so,
against the
earlier
than the
Avail of
the Xllth
Dynasty
Avail
Avhich
superseded
is
it.
As
the
south
of
is
Pepy's temple
clearly of the
same
probably ran on
based
On
to
seem
nortliAvard
at 202,
till it
joined a
which Avere
(pi.
and
destroyed at
Avail
254
for
Sankh-ka-ra to
line.
Pepy
10,
xxi, 8),
a group of
11),
The
till
remained
in
use
shall
copper feathers,
2.
gilt
(xxi,
and a
as Ave
mud on
Pepy
I,
xxi,
12
14,
2.
kara
Avas pulled
down, the
cups, xxi,
to the
mud
At 100
Avail
in.
to bring
it
up
to the
is
incomplete in
is
ruins.
front)
the
of this block
in
it,
given on
At C
is
a portion
of another
large
PL
xxvii.
The grooves
as
it
deeper at the
hold
building
Avhich
may
back,
staves
of
;
seem
and
if
intended
Avell
to
upright
may
At
To
in
is
the
grooves in the
temple
fronts
of the
the staves
used in ex-
ternal processions,
period,
probably in
connection
Avith
The
Almost
limestone
bases
of
in
The
surfaces Avere
limestone.
down
soil,
of the
:
mud
its
accumulation of earth, so
of rough steps
and thus
retained
any of
for
before
it
(xlviii),
live
and did
not
concerning
the
endoAvments
(pi.
the
stone below
his wall
fed of height
it.
service
to
royal statues
xix).
Evi-
on the top of
On
THE HISTORY
(>K
THE TEMPLES.
The outer
is
18
the east end the boll holes are seen in the stone
(xlvii),
and there
There
is
a
at
door pivot
in
the south
part of a
ran
outside
side of the
doorway
is
the
inner
temenos
site.
and probably
round
Bhaded
gateway.
the whole
The
The outer
its
additional wall
earlier
obvious
of ruins
away
to
based
at
177, which
shows an
age
the south,
showu on
feel
the
plan
(pi.
\lix).
floor at L96.
is
Ahoui
-c\
enty
to
the
front of the
is
gateway
the colonnade
wall
turns
the
the
all
and
must
have run
111
which
at
on to where
appeared.
wall
this
of
Tahutmes
later
But
part
This
same date as the buildings north those south of it with of it with a sill at 220 and the outer gateway G at 220. a sill at 219
of the
; ;
all
trace
earlier work-.
may
It
line ran
on
to the
piece of wall at
the Kom-es-Sultan, as
the south
of this
would be equal up
are
the brick
antae which
temenos runs as
far
The
as
temenos
equal,
flank walls
modern sebaleh diggers have entirely dug away all construction elsewhere on the west.
up
to the gateways.
pillars
Unfortunately no trace
;
remains of the
stone bases of
and,
pillars
considering the
at
wooden
Kahun,
it is
The wall has been economized at the north-east by building it hollow and tilling the space with The large vacant space over the clean sand.
" yellow brick floor "
It looks as
if
is
difficult to
understand.
The outer gateway at G is much more ruined, only some of the lowest course of The pavement stones remaining (pi. xlvii).
19.
at 210,
stones.
The
for
making
if
by
treading,
such a thick
The
far greater
amount
wear on
is
this gate
was made
gate.
this
one
due to more
led to dwellings
as to the
temple
and
also
20.
To
use, as the
was
built
was
the
a
built,
it
by a narrow passage
Xlth Dynasty.
which gave access to the space further to the It is a remarkably narrow and awkward south.
passage, about
slightly concave
It
was stolen
at
on the top and highly polished. night soon after we found it,
being ineffectual.
two
it
feet
wide
at
all
the bottom,
the traffic to
considering that
had to take
the
museum guards
14
ABYDOS
entrance
II.
other
wall.
has
been
observed
in
this
large circular
granaries,
of wheat.
which probably held about ten tons This would feed nearly a hundred
of
The space between the outer wall M, and the gateway wall G, contained no structures of this age. Nothing was met with but broken pottery
and rubbish heaps, and therefore we stopped
after clearing
number
a
by these store-rooms.
remains of the
XXVIth
About
at
1!>7,
hundred
Dynasty temple,
21.
of
if
be of importance beneath
PI. liv.
We
only disclosed
it
The greater part of the buildings the Vlth Dynasty seem to have continued in
it
we
a
But
in the time of
Mentuhotep
altars
III
some
red
The
it
thick-
Outside the
temple of
of
17 feet, seems to
of
it
:
show that
the
site.
was
Pepy, at A,
At one
a
by
side.
The spout
their
point
laid
we found beneath
as
if
around
in a pit
down
in that direction.
regular arrangement
be
in
the
original
A
floor
found at N.
The
position.
The
inscription
two
layers of thin
in
slabs of
limestone
the
mortar,
was
between the
up
to
the
door of Pepy.
level,
The
slabs
at
The tops
ground
of the altars
were at 276
and the
rough
level of that
Close
by
At
from 263
roof,
45 high to the
down
found
to 243 level
in
it
to the
crown.
The
whole chamber was 397 inches long, 71 wide at the south and 73i at the north. The
level
On
in
the
top
of the
sand was
as
five
of
the
pavement
and
was
This
so
it
213,
is
is
or
210
Mentu-
by another measurement.
about the
entered on
hotep used
Vlth Dynasty
this plan,
level,
Near by,
In
the
1
at
(ill,
imply a backing of
it,
was a circular
a
pi.
hole,
level
is
sand was
this
an entirely
period,
it
between
the
and
L96,
chamber
some
later
would
was found
filling.
the
earth
just
late as the
it
Dynasty
form
The construction
were found, reused
of
best to the
is
XXVIth
else.
Dynasty.
The
unknown
before,
XVIIIth Dynasty
pis.
for
illustrated
by anything
nmy, xw.
All of
THE
IIISTOUY OF
THE TEMPLE8.
the Hint flooring this
tional
was the
it
first
stone temple
at
A.bydos.
deposit
bole.
to
or
deposits,
ii
The
position of
of Pcpy, as
was probably near the temple the Mocks were found reused about
waste
Perhaps
the
belonging
temple
the
irregular form
marked A and
at
I!
on
pi. lvii.
Now
on
pi.
liv
there are,
B,
five
limestone
Coming further easf we see that at entirely new group of chambers bad been
but
perhaps
these
I)
an
built;
close
belong to
Pepy, being
level
is
248, 249
level,
while
might
belong
t<>
tin-
Pepy ground
building- 245.
of the
And
Ylth Dynasty. The square chamber marked 280-227 was barrel vaulted, so n may
a
have been
period.
subterranean chamber of
tin'
next
in the
bottom of
his thick
sand bed.
They
being
do not
fall in
At C the south end of the greal store chambers of the Old Kingdom had been
abandoned, after
filling the
kara's walls.
18, 23, 24,
in size,
S.E.
chamber with
And
tin-.'.
of old materials
to
and
Outside the temenos of Pepy the chambers with granaries continued in use. Tin- colon-
Pepy or
to
Sankhkara.
unless
they
left
no
and
column
bases,
to
Mentu-
a Avail
was
built
facing east.
northern
columns.
The
at 231.
wall
on the south of
in
front, those
which remain
renewed
at
this
being the four to the south of the axial path leading to the front of Pepy's temple.
Avail at
Also
the
a buttress
was
The
thin
pillars,
seems
and the
all
to
of the founda-
inner
gateAvay,
This stone
bricks,
same time;
have been
if
so the
at
S.W.
the
Avail
244-194 must
of
the
added
later.
lv.
close
Vlth
is
Dynasty or
23.
PI.
The temple
that
of
Pepy
Avas so
22.
At
Avas
in
the
ruinous,
however,
Sankh-ka-ra entirely
temple
an irregular
with a
swept
it
of
types given in
in
pi.
xlvi, nos.
157-186.
on
used to limit
Below them
some
made
closely
together overlapping
site of
mixed
There was no
dark
new building.
The ground
mud
From
16
ABYDOS
II.
They may
a
tool
bed
sand
so
to
At 95 was
stood at
285
of 245.
and may
to the
not of the XII th or XYIIIth Dynasty, belong to this age. At 80 was another
have a portion
a
hatched as
being older
Xlth Dynasty.
wall,
P>,
was
left to
new
line
the
side.
on the west
new
building
not known.
Only one or two courses of bricks remain bedded on sand, and they may have been pavement as well as wall. The large
may
be misunderstood.
The dating
of this
new work
is
fixed thus.
pit
on the east of
it
at the
nothing.
The date
of this Avail
fixed
I
by
its
at the
line.
Here the
later
entirely different,
III.
and
this
must be
way
it.
of Pepy,
It
five feet
under
than Mentuhotep
square had
of this
On
reconstruction
at E,
by Sankhkara.
of rude
steps,
Outside
this,
new
is
formed of
single,
level
ment
must, then,
I,
new
level of
be of Sankhkara
Amenemhat
and
as
pi. xlviii,
before
we removed
here
(pi.
xxv),
it
is
pretty
the
them
24.
to
re-establishment
of
temple was
due
to
" ?
Usertesen
him.
The
pit
work and
an entirely
new temple on
disappeared
much
1st
larger plan.
The
old
of Sankhkara,
is
East of the
;
IVth
and
Dynasty had
square
pavement
at
278
level
this
is
seven
it
ago,
pavement, but as
lost.
which Mentuhotep
was
laid out,
kept up,
it
expanded.
The
walls at
are of the
new sand
beds.
between
deposits
joist-
The
Within
.-is
was sunk
in
line
The brick
of the
XVIIIth
lvii).
and agree
tion level
The
end
t"
floor props
What
the
on
stone temple
we cannot now
is
see.
<
>n
the north
made
of potter) -lab-,
row
of stone blocks
in
line
between the
17
But
plan.
lost,
bul
parts of
across the
and such
closer
square
do
not
in
to
any obvious
is
are
marked by thicker
At
the
outlines
and
Another
difficulty in
pits,
the
site
shading.
S.K.
two northern
two western
pits,
120 and
spnad
several
feel
outside of the
and on the
easl side
have no relation
No
corners were
but a
was probably
wall,
narrow brick
still
levels,
282
to
287, seems as
if
it
existed.
that
On
we
see
in line
96 and 121.
The
25.
PI.
lvii.
On
reaching
the
XVIIIth
Dynasty we
find
made
hotep
down
the
At the west end an immensely thick brick wall remains, which was built to supplement and
continue the partly destroyed wall of Usertesen.
work
of Usertesen,
At the
of
of the
gateway
and
in
the wall,
by
side,
perhaps
date of this
The
on
it,
pi. xxxiii,
III,
door into
its
One block
jamb
of the
placed by an earlier
pylon remains
in place,
but
is
weathered away
on
all sides.
The inscribed
xxviii), the
it.
Along
in
close
by
The pavement at 278 level, east of the square, was laid by Sankhkara, as shown by its level. But a stone of the south end of it had been
removed, and others rearranged,
deposit
to
pavement.
gate, to
It falls
near the
;
place a
of the
it
and
there
which
appeared to
be
at the
mouth
XVIIIth Dynasty.
left
was
still
and
it
seems
may have
for three or
;
was great brick-pit whence Pepy made the mud The bricks for his temenos and buildings.
it
is
much
is still
a lake, at the
left
is
probably that
I,
and being
I
when he
site.
huge
On
the
south side
close by,
on the north,
c
is
ABYDOS
was used
as a
II.
it
rubbish
pit,
containing masses
feature
is
in
of broken
was
its
filled
chamber D, where the south end with a solid bench of stone about
cut through
is
drain
it.
whole depth.
that
causeway
this
it
was
to place a processional
bark or standard
sill
an outer
The plan
of the temple of
Tahutmes
III
indications.
The
Usertesen
it left
the
fortifi-
cation
by another gate
this great
pi.
purpose of
line
of
sides,
and we
know
The
where
went through a great limestone portalcolonnade built by Ramessu II. It was eviit
;
indicated
by the
and the
breadth
and
is
by the
and 100.
Adopting
when he found it. The chapel of Amenhotep I, built in honour of his father Aahmes I, was preserved up to a
lined with steles
we
For the
but of the
is
temple of
Tahutmes
the
rest
III
and
Amenentirely
Mentuhotep
to
at
B,
on the top of
with a terminal
foundation
had
been
end
it
at C,
Aahmes
as here
chapel.
The
cross
walls
within
the
show
of
place.
finely built
26.
as
The chapel
in
Aahmes was
pis.
the;
large halls
marked but which of them contained and which were around groups of
;
shown
lxiv.
Abydos
/,
chambers, we cannot
now
it.
ascertain.
and
Unfortunately
In front of the temple a sand bed was found with a clear end
to
had accumulated
cases
it
and
-plit
it
in
must
very
badly.
Prof.
When we came
Maspero's consent)
to
to
remove
follow
(with
fairly to the
the
earlier con-
gateway
sill,
temple.
The
men were
quite
aide to pick
easily.
the
granite
which
askew
to
the causeway,
stones
into small
slabs
Two
of
this wall,
which must
brickwork
a
it,
built
against them,
cracked architrave.
in
a
Ami.
had
in
the uorth of
ral
the pillars
hall
Four foundation deposits of Amenhotep III (three marked here) appeared in the forecourt;
they are not enough to define his building, but
they show that Amenhotep,
in
parts
been patched
with
brickwork,
A curiouB
true
Egyptian
THE
fashion,
BISTORT? OP
THE TEMPLES.
mid and south: and the
a column, and at
L9
in
front of the
work
of bis great-grandfather.
At B
is
apparently
Aahmes
Amenwith a
is
the eastern
jamb
it.
of a
doorway.
But
all this
Among
As
botep
III,
was a reused
a re-used door
;
jamb
work,
xxxv.
it
laid
down
its
in the
lower course
a bronze seated
after the
XXth
The pave-
XXVItb Dynasty
;
marked upon
because of
relation to the
Aahmes chapel. Under Ramessu III a great 28. I'l. lviii. The causeway was reconstruction took place.
entirely broken
course,
all
between the stones of the pavement and 30 inches down in the mud bed, which is beneath
the sand bed of the pavement, or about 234
up along a large part of its and a deep excavation was made through
1st
was a pot with large green beads and a green glazed head of Ptah which I should
level,
suppose to be of the
XXYIth
to
Dynasty.
this
It
seems hard
with
If
therefore
credit
building
the
XXYIth
Ramessu
Dynasty.
III Avas
up with a deep sand bed, shown on the plan with dotted surface and on Only this a great building was constructed.
filled
:
so
the building of
30.
tions
and entrance of
But
in
sqiuvre
is
name
was placed
in the sand
the posi-
on the blocks.
The length
of the
temple
is
the levels
marked by the numbers 36 and 74, were about 273 and 276, practically
the same.
The
Scarabs, plain
15
13
on east and west. The axis is defined by the entrance, G, and the rows of foundation and the north side is blocks, H, at the back fixed by the brick retaining wall at the N.E.
;
Plaques, inscribed
10
3
2
Heh
sign
Sedheb sign
Bull's
Bull's
head
haunch
.1.1 .1.1
. .
The two bases of columns are seen at G; south of them are left two blocks of the wall, and north of them two other blocks at a
corner.
distance
wall.
Rings
50
about 48
in line with
Hence the
is
The plaques
two columns
finely
Among the
at
the
foundations
carved
III,
much
like
blocks and
Tahutmes
29.
age
of one
upon them. In the corner at K is a doorway, which from the cement upon the stones seems to have had a
fresh
slopes
to
up gently
318
at the
higher than the 365 level, perhaps of granite. This S.S.W. door to the temple is similar to the
sill
r,
yix>s
S.S.W. door
to
the
Tahutmes temple,
at
the
around
il,
to
the
Vth
Dynasty.
between K and
II,
were
The deposit 80 seems from the rough vases, like xlvi, 165, to belong to the Xlth Dynasty.
here.
is
(See Abydos
/,
pi. Ixviii.)
of the
Xlth Dynasty,
they were
all
figs.
At L
tion.
town
The
aire
of limestone,
is
the west
buried
half of sandstone.
There
gate,
nothing to show
the
of this
though
some gateway
The system
by Usertesen
121, 86,
of deposits
I,
probably existed
here
of
I
whom we
1th,
and 96.
The
and
wall in which
lias
is
placed
is
of
many
it
ages,
would
it
Rawnsley
fully planned.
The ox-
disentangle
its
I,
history.
Probably
it
it
begins
bead
is
with Usertesen
ami
in
part
;
rests
on town
it
but no vertebrae or
are
Kingdom
age.
elsewhere
rests
shown
in
xlvi,
upon buildings
(if it
of the
parts
are
<>f
Roman
glazed ware
in
the
31.
PI. Ixii.
middle of bricks.
Those marked
contained
those with
(pi. xxiii),
may
lie
given
tablets, those
with C had
13
been referred to
style; and from
of Pepy's temple,
(pi. xlv,
insertion,
were formed at
were
soft
the
fell
time
of
the
;
of
deposit, as they
and
out of shape
No
their
outside
face.
soil
They
laid in
muddy
boL
to
(Six Temples
begin with.
;
.)
ox-head
for the
deficient as
tic skull.
of pottery
115,
might by the
Dynasty;
level be of the
are
the
two cups of
xlv,
111,
which
Xlth or any
Inter
and we do not
arc
know enough
;
perhaps
early
I
this
filled
X Vlllth
7<>
>ynasty. of Ameiiholep
III,
rings),
(
and
to
)eposil
is
dated by
cut
in
small
model
adze
I,
of copper.
>wing
the
name
year
on
il.
which deposits
;
similar one
.
was found
I,
last
">.
another
uncertain
to
but
bed
deposit, see
Ibydos
l\i,
seemed
as
belonged
the sand
21
of the
is
a;
<
to
in
the
site.
The south
it
side
tools
found
in
it.
was
32,
are well
upon
in
early
times, and
so a
mass of
known
base
probably owing
than
in
previous
examples.
in
The
were
The
levelling opera-
alabaster
PL xxxii;
and
later Dynasties,
and the
models
The sandstone
;
those which
in bine paint
marked here with the oval, the plain stones marked S. The copper tool models are
in
As
the build-
found
nearly
all
of these deposits,
marked C
in
in the following
The
little
cups
89
details
marked
were
tilled
The
34.
PI.
lxiv.
In
I,
pp.
18-22,
The
and the
it
seems probable
were built
years
III.
nt
This
is
here given in a
times,
many
filled
apart,
details
need not
lie
All of
may be
pointed
deposit
It
is
holes were
up with clean
out.
first
-and.
certain that
many
shown by
8-11).
them
in,
as only portions of
I'n rva,
found.
some of
town.
The
shown
only what
more
familiar
show
in
later lower
down.
Hence the
basal sand
to
1
is
at the top,
in
The
in the
above
it
10 inches
downwards.
annex
and contained
;
the copper
volume
a similar
annex
and
this year's
work.
Here
will
lie
seen
how
was found
33.
I
at
Koptos (Koptos,
in a
xvi.).
Next
is
shown the
22
ABYDOS
;
II.
and
it
will
These connections give thus an absolute continuity between the end of the long series of
be seen
town,
how this is parallel to that in the and how therefore the strata in the town
by the royal tombs, and hence the
b.c.
are dated
23
CHAPTER
OBJECTS BEFORE THE
35.
IT.
IVth
DYNASTY.
a latrine,
when thrown in and it is was a rubbish hole, and probably where damaged offerings were thrown
;
away from the temple. The generally early date of such objects is shown by the Mena vase
;
The main group of early things was in a chamber just outside the early temple area, marked on pi. lii as G9, and known as M G9 in our numbering. This chamber was 116 inches
on N.,
1
but they
were doubtless
old
and worthless
of the ejection
flakes
139, 140,
15 S., 94 E., 97
W.
the bearing of
at
it
216"
it
207 inches
level.
xv)
the
also
by the
jar,
pi.
xlii,
37,
I,
which
vii,
is
of
by
it,
31), or
of glazed vase of
at
Aha Mena,
pi. iv
and
v, 32,
215 level;
apparently,
therefore,
thrown
to about
41 which
,
is
as the objects in
(Abydos
are
f,
vii,
28).
up
many
of the
all
over the
years,
filling
up
chamber
Ilnd Dynasty.
The Tim
the
objects in
it
may
then
eisdit inches
Dynasty.
scale
of each photograph
marked
at
top
left
hand
it
this
scale
it
was
at
until re-stated.
Embedded
in this stuff
were
PL
viii.
i.
numbers of
36.
the face
PI.
is
photograph
in
pis.
v,
vii,
ivory carvings.
They
will be
ii,
is
lxi.
All
broken.
The
attitude
is
is
quite free
numbered with
;
good.
inches high,
the great
6^-
ivories
are
not entered, as
to be kept in
lumps of
This
It
is
in
<rood state,
but of formal
over the
the
work.
shows the
it
mode
Most of the
ivories
by binding
to
one
side,
partly
24
ABYDOS
;
II.
shoulder
the
a
pi.
same
plaited
i.
unsymmetrical
tail
is
placing,
chamber,
though with
figured
in
level,
if
0.
on
at II ierakoiip.il
is
is
4,
to double size.
is
The whole
15
tail
;
young
bear,
with a
short curly
shown on pi. xiii. He is figured as wearing the crown of Upper Egypt, and a thick embroidered robe.
are
well given.
This
in
is
From
bear yet
known
PI.
iii,
and the
robe
dress
stiff
edge represented,
looks as
:
if
this
no such
37.
Hi,
the
figure
of
an ape,
is
figure yet
finely carved
found.
an unconventional
;
Owing
to pressure in the
wet
soil
in
small
boys, the
it
repre-
with
subtle
character.
art as figures
style
It
belongs
17,
to
the
;
20 (three positions)
is
boat,
which from
to
same school of
1, 4, 5,
and 19
seems
have
more formal
in the
a fragment
of delicate
Old Kingdom.
it is
is
half of a figure of a
young boy,
modelling.
work.
22, a
same natural
5
is
style, of excellent
heavy
like
the
hound, 23
29,
lions used
for
gaming
Tombs,
ii
pieces,
;
vi,
3, 4).
No. 27
is
probably the
firsl
here,
man with
7
is
and
28
in
work.
lo the prehistoric
Libyan stock.
short, woolly
hair,
Both 20 and 28 appear to be a lioness, and have a collar, showing that the animal was tamed.
29
has
appearing negroid.
S
an
in
chalcedony
(three
is
an
infant,
hoy
with
remaining
30
is
in place.
remarkably long
head.
i-
girl,
in
more
Hat
collar
like
the
of
late
pre
face
as a
together, a motive
late
the
style
is
the
which
usual
in
the
and
neck.
1
body;
bead
shown on the
style.
periods.
PL
i
i
iv.
"
I,
numbers
plates.
photographs
in
the
following
ste
38.
PL
v, 31.
A portion of
hand of wall
25
Ica-
See
pi.
i,
for a coloured
uame.
the low
The
tail
Hat
top of the
bird
name-square and
thai
it
of the
show
is
is
after
37
is
.-inns
bound;
2,
only on some of
compare
xxii, 3.
3;
Zer
(seals
(seal 1).
Tins
is
band
to the
of Zer.
The design
incised
and
filled in
with
mouth.
10,
original
colours
were green
32.
and purple
Fragment
with
The
tail
hair
is
thrown
to
one
side,
and plaited
in a
green
purple
The reshown on
on the back.
holding
a
young one
in
her
some other
figures
object, possibly a
baby ape,
42
The
to 48,
human
and fragments.
7.
With
style of the
hawk and
of the
ka-n&me
is
exactly
46 compare Hierak.,
xviii,
47 hears a pot
that
this
It
known
is
Mena, and
a girdle
round the
39.
PI. vi.
49
is
mi
ape, with
hitherto only
known much
the head
lost.
As many
the
as sixty-nine figures
It
is
back,
but
does
of
52,
all
varieties
large,
is
here
given.
;
Some,
as
were
but
rather
as
is
if
made
for
votive
others, as 58,
offering.
The
figure
hardly any
63, a
detail.
in
From
to the
the
glazed originally.
66-69,
attribute
him
Ann,
quadrupeds,
probably pig,
dog,
and
lioness.
He appears
in the
to
be
70,
71, 73,
hippopotami.
72, frog.
74-76,
Ann
intro-
crocodiles.
77, a figure with a lioness head, but
town of Hemen.
This,
and No. 36
swathed
in relief
on glazed
line of
edge running
down
style
it;
34. 35,
is
two figures of
cast copper.
The
40.
81-84,
entirely Tin-Egyptian,
and 34
in
is
closely like
hawks
legs;
the
Diktaean
in
cave
probably early
85, locust
?,
in the 1st
Dynasty.
i.
Crete,
such
as
No.
436
the
Candia
Museum.
3G shows two fragments of
with the signs
mer,
anlch,
(?),
work
see pi.
i.
zeser,
the
87, piece
corner of a /-(/-name
town
sign,
and a ram
see pi.
i.
26
ABYDOS
88,
II.
part of a
hawk
for
inlaying,
probably
139-40,
flint
from a &a-name.
89, 90, probably figures of laden boats.
91,
age of Perabsen.
92 are
like
is
flat
sheets of glaze,
;
which look
at least
through a loop,
military cloak.
like
the
frogs
on a modern
much
the
model axes
quite
with lugs
unknown
There
144-152, rings of
various forms.
171, 172,
174,
slate.
153-170, beads of
Xllth Dynasty.
however, some
possibly be
stone
may
pieces of glazed
quartz
for
earlier.
93-05, see
tiles.
unknown
for
would
is
offering.
But
this disc
it
this
It
seems clear
which
all
row
of tiles in a wall
were strung
become detached.
tiles,
and hence
1st
this capital
;
is
taken back
now
to the
two large
and the
Dynasty
The wide
in
mud
not certain.
for
copper wires to
are.
secure
them
together.
was so fashionable
in the
XVIIIth Dynasty.
for the
signs,
ball beads.
105
may
1
be a draughtsman.
the
first
to
108
11<>,
model
vases,
1
two with
be read as the
Horus Ro
it
1,
112,
L16,
forms of vases.
114,
model stand.
115,
127,
The
122,
by the
direction
figure,
which held
it
between
a
probably represented a
123, spiral
bead.
125, model of
baskel
i:;i,
lid
of coiled work.
L32,
a
one with
pi.
42.
groups
PI.
ix.
We now
were
turn to some
in
other
xi,
243.
chair
on
13.
the
which
at
found
the
pi.
lii.
chambers
In
shown
the
<'>i
X.W. corner
(he
of
the
xxvi
41.
chamber
PI. viii.
;
pi. ix,
irregularly
and
the
two
the
137-8. petal-
froma built-up
made from
upright against
27
the
at
difficulty
is
most
like the
and
so
hiidi
the decoration
by
like that
T.
on
ii,
(lie
here,
clear
that
the
objects
arc
all
pi.
It
is
probable
therefore
It is the
that this
of
the
1st
Dynasty,
and
some
perhaps
only slate
earlier.
carving that
a female figure of pottery of the
we found
in
184
is
same
date.
Museum).
43.
style as the
PL
x.
65, con-
two rough
figures of
in
men, which
187
found
further
west, and
so
was
may
is
be
numbered as 89 but they are reunited here, two fragments of the same figure,
differently
its
hands.
188
a red
189 and
206
is
a ram-head
;
amulet
in
hard yellow
in slate,
usual work.
limestone
this
seem
girl's
attempted
194, which
than the
is
head
The
head, 207, and pieces of figures, 209-212, are of the 1st Dynasty class.
an entirely natural
like the
with a
213
is
perhaps a figure
in
projection
somewhat
head of a baboon,
Hierahorvpolis
The
214
tile.
is
215 a
bit of piece,
mat
its like-
ness to a baboon.
Xo
other large
flints
were
show that
broken
a royal
the
was
before
as
we know,
it
seems that
220
is
:
zet
serpent
we have here
up because of
and perhaps
198
chipped in
flint
flint
this
like the
portion of a
serpent in
and
is
venerated
before
any
artificial
common
is
hawk
royal
222
is
a limestone frog.
223 part of a
quite
hawk on any
below
for
quadruped.
monument.
it
is
has
hole
setting
on a pole
as a standard.
unknown
is
before
the
Greek times
is
in
Egypt.
200
a frog in limestone.
201
a piece of
225
is
another, well
frog.
wavy
handle.
202, a baboon.
its
worked
alabaster.
flint
227
is
another
flint,
204
is
a well-carved figure
Hieralconpolis xxv.
bers
295
in
is
the
hawk on
a building, so well
tail
known
the ha -name.
The
sloping
downwards
UYU
parti
noli
i
to
thi
[)'(
loniti
ho
ri(!]
Him
(ikon
I,,,
ii
'ii
haw
',
and
hrine or palanquin
hing
|
com
i
to
\\
<
belong
||OM
I
'M
I
I
'J
mi n
to
lU'l
I
li'
objoi
M"l
in
uol her
small group at
upi
'"',
i"i'i
J.
98
level
o
'
i
is
the frog
(!|
ill
In
lui
I'
lii|il'
1111(1
145, lion
'I
ij
Mfi
"I
ated
7,
baboon
quartz
group
'
lil
'
those in
i
pr<
ci
'1
in"
I
[)]a|;<
hi"
'
mal
work
L!J,
pieces
of
"i
i
>|
,
llill
gill/Aid
(J
il(!
I'M-
lulu vim"
;
50,
.I
.ml
ii
late ring
in
15
!,
in
Mil
Ji.ii,
(in
ii
of
i
ii
plant, liko
liiil;
I
in
cornilowci
i
01
'.ii
line
baboon
found
!
hard
Ii
brown limestone,
horeforo
ho late
"I
lid
ribbed
iling
i'i
on
woi
k,
wil
omo ordinary
I
I
glazed
it
..II
o|
i
pap
lii
i '
M
in
I
round
I
Liu;
lower purl
ol
baboon
"I
at
!0
lc\ el,
and
of
Li
ii
in
in n
row
nun
ru
Mill
1
1
II" III"
,
..I
idoug
-
Im
ton
foillilll
iii
im
i
red
"iii
|'"i
I.
tory
in
'
.i
(IlltC'll
Ii"
In'
[)ol
Im
:i
('"in
to
i|.i "
retched
oul
I"
iii
i-iii
i
ill
iii
ii
Mm
.-iii'l
i i I
with
purple
now
dry,
!/5(l
i
ilii
i'i
in
white
I
brown,
Im
1
in
brown
found
|"i I'i'v,
;onl
i.
M"
I,
In
in
1
.'II
-
Im
(lino
1
I!0li
iinii"
:iii'
I I
v.
human
I
I
figure
Mill
'
here, probably
boforo the
:i
iii
in
ii
I '
Im
1'
1"
In r
In
ii
posil
"l
i I
in.
'I
"M
pi.
Iii,
north
figures
"Mill
.
ol
Wosl
,:;
;n'"
potters
i
head
Ii,
of unl<
now
n age,
ill"
"i In
I
nil
in
111
1
1
lazed
I
w
"I
n
'i
i-
(bund
:i
found
'.')
im
i
Inli'il
uMii
iiiil
n|
ii
In
lli"
"
ion
'
il
im Mini
1
typo of head
found
al
ho
Iii ..v.
mil of
i
tdinnli
i
"nili
;n
J
.-ii
I"
lovol of
34, Mi"
"
n
111
|ii
im
I
I.
in
"I ealeitc
1
found
111 1(1
170 lovol
i ' '
,
'mi
i
h "in
roup
fi
I,
and show
In
50 OVdl
ii
iiii'l
;i"
Ih'I'i
I'ol'l
I"
i
;i
null,
|i<iiil;ilil
IVoiii
I"
Tomb M
I"
II
:i
largo
bond,
well
modelled though
rod
.)
I/-,,/,
/,
liv)
I
vvliit'h
/,
' I
Inn"
lli"
about
o|
00
i
rough,
in
paint,
of
"ii
in
ii
1111(1
I/"/./"
),
im
I'oigl]
V'
about Hi"
I'I,
(Cairo VIu
mi.
imiiiil
i
S
iii
rough
i;i
1
mud
.
doll
2(i
'
!05,
'
' I
I
III"
l-v.
i.l
II," ill"
li;il
li-in,
i
lili
Ii
'
1\
level
I'M
1*01
'
"I
.ill
'I
small
Ill""
.
coin
"I
,'!/'.,
'
III"
'(,i,
n
Ii
ill
III."
l
|>
if
w Im
arc
"
ii"
mi"
of ships,
"I
and
also
to
I
I
I
"I
IlKIIJIll
Iii
.1
',
//
Ii
,/.
jiiilni
branehos,
i
Jho form
in lli"
the
high ond
In
kIioWN
in-
"
in
I.
H'
ll'olii
in
II
i|i
thn vossol
"'M
ho Im
ii
ii,
unknown
i
thd
Mini
in" "i
Dynn
ill"
IhI
1
by,
1
tho\ hi
i
tomb
,
i
hi
II
ieni konpolis,
and also
in
some
"I
.J
I
iii
1"
I,,"
,i
Id
in
i i
from
:i
lioro,
ii
Tho square
has
ii
ujion
ill
'
ii
'iii
Li tli
ii
lli,,,
uiipolin,
.i
"i
in
in.
I"
nl,
1
middle
into
;
lino for
and
n
it
M"i
fi
ill \
hli'il
soparal
\\
Tin
in
i i
i"
of upi
'
'
i
diU'oroiii
I
fr
i'
I
.1
her
I
blool
lull ,w
would bo
"iii
ir
cabins
1 1 i
.
the
i
avy
the
lino
InI"'l
'l h
II
"I
Mi"
nil
I,
""I
:n
lli"
liki
roprc
Mi" w
This
only
inII
illior
,in iii"
iiion
v,
.i
thci
:
1
In
ml
Ol
iii
Id
Mil"
1 1
ii
" in
In
M ih
Ii
ii
"inn,
alloys
ho
ol
her figure
purple,
'
n,
i i
of
mill
til
.,
hip
'i,
i
being rowing
ion
I
"M
tiind
i.ii
form
II.
i
mi "
i
of
blacl<
|" J
i"i\
>
Ih'iI,
ill,
Ii',
al
md
l<\ "I
also
in
llin
:il
.1
x \, pi
probabh
potti i\
.
Croto
10
8(1
as
d<
cribed
under
the
Willi
d
thi
11)0
win''
ti
Hi"
ID
i'i.
.".
i
In.
in "
hi
!81
bal
ii--
i"
270
'
rod
potto rj
tnnd
h hich
\\
ere
OBJECTS BEFORE
I'lIK
l\
D">
N \-
the
early
dynasties;
The subjects
it,
are, a
the
a long-nosed d
bird
in
froi
figure
of
ram
are
is
well
the
modellod.
lor
The
the
"'
intermixed
in
the
.
punehod
triangles
substitutes
aller
triangular perforations as in
svi,
undern
built
\\i.
at
12).
l
in
ground
the
-71
is
steatite,
with
coincidence that
s ictly
all
fouud
it
Anhmos
<<(
at
186 level, or
/.or.
below
regions; bul
the
llako
the
typo of
and therefore
same
,,
is
about then
.1
Menu.
275
is
of red-faced
IVth or
from
Yth P\
-
howovei' tho
it
finest
is
the
earliest
inscription
the
known
polish
in
its
condition, as
lias
the original
temple,
on
a piece of an
upright
vasoofbrowu
.
and
is
quite unworn.
It
reads intelligibly,
limestone,
[trends
ii
show
though and
all
ing that
belonged
to Vs
tho
furniture of the
temple
of
Upuat,
fouml
o(
V.
y>\\
in
pi,
tho
1.
Khnumu, Khnumu,
.
Tota."
Noit,
rhere
iu*e
five
others
known
with
it
mentioning
but
and
two
of
title
^\'
them
tho
earliest
temple
of servant,
deiti*
to connect
tho
names
was that of Upuat and not of Osiris, portion ^( a howl y<( rook crystal is a
I'ln-
was found
house rubbish
at
1ST level to
pi. Ii as 18G).
\>
(marked on
possibh
boat
it
belonged
to
tho
furniture of a reyol
30
ABYDOS
II.
CHAPTER
III.
the
1st
found
in
the
midmost
in pi.
of
Ii,
the
three
store
chambers marked C
described, under
pi.
3.
the
The ivury
uf
that
statuette of
monarch that
figure
same
age, of
of surface
light.
In
stucco remained.
the
head
where
should
xiv, 284.
Happily,
the /ca-name of
front of the
47.
280, of
PI. xiv.
A
is
fragment of a
closely like his
King Zet
work found
extraordinary
to
when magnified
double the
size
pi. xiv, it
Dynasty.
The
beetle amulet
was
at
120,
life-size statue.
The proportion
;
earliest
slightly exaggerated
as,
:
indeed,
but the
it
the
same
but
the
bull's
head amulets
I,
li,
as well
handled as
of
were
5,7.)
(Abydos
4,
scale,
and
is full
power
;
283
with
is
much
of this polish
is
of an ox, sn and
/
signs
The ear is very true form, and correctly placed. The idea which conveys to us of the personality of Khufu
is
slightly worn.
The
We
see the
of
the
energy,
will,
the
commanding
firm
air,
the indomitable
the
IVth Dynasty.
stitutes
for
They appear
sacrifices
to
be the sub-
and
the
ability
of
man who
the
which
Khufu
the
had
-lamped
for
abolished.
time
in
the scale of
288
is
a clay sealing of
L'serkaf,
only
works.
that
we
such known.
i'S!l-2!H
know resembled
in
head; and
it
it
stands aparl
same form;
portraiture,
though perhaps
may be comfigure
CTser-en-ra on 289,
may be dated
2H2
is
to
The
was
X.Wini DYNASTIES.
like User ab
.".1
regular
(Khafra) as
it
it
has
and
to.
super-
i,
80)
it is
probably
fluous;
possibly
is
is
ast-ab-timi
to
(Userenra).
of the
its
position
is
marked
lii.
No. 20
chambers on
I'serkliau
pi.
293
of the
the decree of
Xefcrarkara
Yth Dynasty.
at
inscription clearly
face
Dynasty (Royal
Nos. 2\ and
I'l
Tombs
xviii.
ii,
xxii,
178,
179).
downwards
C on
pi.
lii,
50.
l'ls.
xvii,
These
two
face
decrees
decree of Teta.
down,
as
the translation.
shown
at
C on
the plan,
pi.
lii.
The fca-name
usual
lists,
48.
of
PL xv.
types.
Some
The
were
in the
and
new
chisels
10 are of the
supposed
it
to
be of king Userkara,
common
But
as vet
are
quite
Aty but it is on the Palermo stone, as the Icaname of Neferarkara, and hence this decree is They had apparently been of the Vth Dynasty.
placed one on each side of the road leading to
the north entrance of the cell of burnt offering,
like the
which might be a
tire
tender,
6).
I, xl,
The
to
chisel Avith
is
neAV
6,
and
the
ground
293),
of
offerings
beyond.
The
us.
The pointed
flat
or
all
borers,
5,
by weathering
(as seen
and the
chisel,
are
well
known.
was
on
pi.
xiv,
many
The ages
in
judged by comparing
to distinguish.
The
of
translations
The arrow,
form to the
9,
Griffith's chapter.
bed of Sankhkara,
and
dates
lead
that
Xlth
xx.
Pepy
of
II
was
stones
UserIt
Dynasty.
in loose
The
is
the
The weight, 14, is of about 2,080 rains, and so the 30 numeral on it must refer It was found at 100 to a unit of half a Jcedet. level, and is of the Old Kingdom. The ebony Roman.
palette for a scribe, 15,
instance
of the
winged
stele of
disc
and serpents,
II
is
The
Pepy
the lower
in place, inserted in
in the
in
Pepy
in
XXVIth-
All
the
XXVIIIth Dynasty.
49.
scattered
down
it
mud ground
which
PL xvi.
was embedded,
The lower
removed
in various parts
mostly
itself.
part was
much
The
in
None
of
them are
ones already
from the
1st
known from the royal tombs but style we should attribute 1-7 to the
1st
was used
belongs
to
name Pepy
the
is
12
of the
Dynasty by
xii,
its
level
(see
is
pavement.
uirrij
description
of pi.
it
276).
No.
first
18
of
k-name
the
of
Pepy
is
I,
historic value, as
time the
followed by a long
the
list
of offerings.
This
like
k-name
of
Menkaura.
of offerings
on
temple walls of
32
AISYlxtS
11.
Mentuhotep
at Kalinii
;
III. (pi.
II
I")
and
xix.
17 to
lintel
16
in
probably
if
came from
the temple of
pi.
Pepy, and
51.
in
tlir
I'l.
been inserted
the stucco
lace of a
wooden
mud
lies
the
17 and box; the stucco around them was gilt. IS is a shemi of green glaze, the I!) are buds.
middle
bright
tilled
from
yel
carnelian.
20
is
a white
(originally
times
onward;
the
only
examples
blue?) petal.
black glaze.
and
known
J
i-
the
Dcir-cl-Hahri deposit.
a
has come
it
down from
viii,
(F,l
Kiih
2)
gilt
was
mat
also
lei',
contained
of
vegetable
stucco,
and with
at-
apparently
roll
papyrus.
These
crushed up
197
is
seem
to
known
52.
mirrors
in early Crete.
I'l.
dwindled
size
to
the
pretty
a.
little
silver or
in
xxii.
group of copper
corroded
west of
tools
in
pi.
and
one
liii.
pencil
the
was found
little
together
II
Dynasty;
later
mass, at a
to the
on
hut
cover
The
level
to
two copper howls of the age of Pepy. Id are alabaster vases, all of which
Pepy
No.
certainly far
than
is
of
lVpy
II,
and
instance,
7
Kahwi,
But
xxix,
the
round-
shows
These,
headed adzes
and 8 are
with the
Vth Dynasty
are
Medum
Hence
fit
the
At
II
two from
The
chisels
1st to
leathers
found
buried together.
The copper
lasted
from
was coated with stucco to receive the impress of the feathering, which was marked on the gold
toil.
the
The axes
and 4 are
I
Ifh
all
thrown
pi.
into a corner
of
the
(see
liii),
along with
we go back
to the
to several
xlv, 27).
So
7,
!S,
form a valuable
link.
The
adzes,
In
fronl
Pepy temple
a,
have
lYth Dynasty
those of
but are
much
then.
them of Pepy
and one
in relict
on both sides,
was
So here again
series.
is
an intermediate
shown here
incised
festival
o|
Pepy
I,
with
first
single
The
knife,
9,
i-
inscription.
sedheb
if
they seem as
festival.
they
steie
like
any of the
Hint knives.
The
The
mirrors,
5,
OBJECTS OF
as
is
Vim XXVI
I,
mi
DYNASTIES.
}
ye1
known.
Rusted on
to this to
it,
tools,
6 of alabaster, 7,
in the
of g azed
pottery.
These
were inserted
in
midst of
other
mud
bricks placed
of iron, which
is
may have
is
been a wedge.
the
deposits,
with
plain
plaques
of
copper.
deposits.
in
Egypt, and
as
showing
thai
known
at
a wall of Userte en
a far earlier
ordinary use.
in
how a free-standing
Usertesen
I.
The
halbert, 10,
of iron,
Ramessu
probably
in
Limestone
lintel
of
>ei
xwi.
PI.
The
iron swords,
and
12,
were found
in
xxiv, xxv.
1
hotep
arc
undated.
XXVIth
like a
sandstone.
taining long
inscriptions of Mentuupon blocks of soft brown They were parts of a shrine conall
The
Dynasty, as
lists
looks
more
the
king,
and
this
was
therefore a
funereal
mediaeval type.
The
53.
PI. xxiii.
2.
Sandstone block of
of Sankhkara,
earlier
list
of offerings of
Pepy
shows that
drawn on
pi.
tomb of the king. All of these blocks had been reused as foundations, probably in the
the actual
Osiris,
king,
and
offerings.
a part of a
cartouche
lehau,
Ba-Jcha
.,
probably
all
Ba-lcha-
Usertesen
III.
But
to
this
name and
It
XVlIIth Dynasty. The blocks of Sankhkara are of limestone. They had been reused in foundations by Usertesen I and Tahutmes III. 54. PL xxvi. Not much of Usertesen I was
found,
work belongs
it
although
from the
the
size
of his
stone
it
XII th
foundations and
The
the fonnula
down
name
en-
it
graved.
It
was found
same doorway.
and hence
The
granite,
of
is
Atha
is
roughly cut
in
black
and
very
difficult to read.
Xllth.
is
The
a foundation deposit plaque of alabaster
lea
Ameny
is
of black
granite
and
is
and
of
work with
of the early
the
uninscribed
statuette
I,
found
Sankhkara.
and therefore
Aahmes
I.
The block
XII th Dynasty.
to this age.
PL
xxvii.
emptied,
pi. lv.
marked
" Deposit
at
W. end
of
size
and
style to
I.
It
6-8.
was found
in the
34
A.BYDOS
of limestone with, grooves in the face
pi.
II.
The block
of
it
liii.
man
is
on
was probably
for holding-
two staves
The
figure
was
stolen
at
from
my
house
XVIIIth Dynasty.
lull
who
with a brush
such as
is
obtained.
that
35
of bribes
were
used to mark
at
Egyptian railway
as they
present.
These
copied
xxx, xxxi.
These
steles
found in
were found.
They seem
to refer to the
by Mr.
is
Griffith.
The
stele of
Penthen, however,
dome.
The
xxviii.
later ones
7
name
the destination at
Ba
lii i
Abydos, Nos.
LO.
of
Sebekemsauf II
{Naaada
stele
;
PL
A
was
also like a
Usertesen III
up by Tahutmes III
It
at
has been
son on
our
"
is
named
to be
the inscriptions
down
and
it is
(Compare
considered whether he
Tahuti.
is
hau anhhu in L. D.
iii,
36.)
As Sebekemsaf
By
south of the
Of
;
granite statue, and quarries in Hamamat, he must have been of importance, and have lived So before the decay of the Middle Kingdom.
the
more
likely order
would be
([).
Ra
Ii'n
Upuatemsaf.
Sebekemsaf
Penthen.
and
litted
together on paper.
identical, only
Iin selchem
shedi taui,
Sebekemsauf
(II).
are almost
Khentamenti
Ba
These
his son
show
Ba
Tahuti.
PL xxix.
is
The
Ankhu
to the as
yet
at
|"
Less
usual
the
quite unknown.
in later timi
The limestone
showing
stele of Senbtefi
is
i>
thai Osiris
PL xxxii. 1. inscription of a king whose Horus name, or lea name, was Merut, and throne name Ra-U-aqer. lie is quite unknown hitherto,
but
probably belongs
side
to
the
XlVth Dynasty.
Abydos.
in
accord
in
lieseli
paving,
in
01' it
to the exclusion of
siris.
to
a
them
reconstruction.
The
inscription
of
Amenj
is
from
Beated
the
that
of the
The
may
as a possible
2.
age for
this.
up
at
"\ erthrowi]
lie
and brok<
it.
tip,
and bb
the blocks
uoav
plate
3.
ami by Mr.
Stele
Griffith.
to
tin'
west of
A.mong
some
of
Antef,
Nub-kheper-ra, followed
by
The top
and of
is
Left-hand piece
is
clearly pari of
is
fchi
top
in
5.
of the lintel.
Below
that
I>.
Tahutmes
49, 51),
111
Sebekamsaf.
another
slab
The colouring
of
of these,
iii,
with
the
Antef not
published,
in
a piece which
This
seems
-tall',
an
argument
in favour
of
The
to
Antef V.
From
is
or XI 11th Dynasty
closely like
central object.
Beyond
As monuments
the gateway
The
The
is
exactly that of
Amenemhat I
The queen
as if
;
could
fit
into
Koptos, and
An-mut-f.
The
is
probably
is
daughter
of
Sankhkara
whom
at left base
Amenemliat gained the kingdom and founded the Xllth Dynasty. Compare his 8. Head of Aahmes I offering.
portraits in Abydos
I,
probably part of the other jamb with a Ionmultiple cartouche of both names in one.
sibly
Pos-
the
;
Avhole
lintel
subject was
not symleft
;
frontispiece.
is
This
is
not
metrical
there
the
the
here represented as
on
II
Amenhotep
for the
room
columns
This
the
name
Tahutmes
III.
deposits, p. 21.
10.
150
will
57.
PI.
xxxiv.
list
of
11.
Memphis and
palm
spathe,
see
and
left
rough
in the
Treasurer.
hollows.
They were
all
which
Mr.
is
Griffith's chapter.
or inmost part of the temple of Tahucmes. Sandstone slab of Sety I with PI. xxxv.
36
VliYDOS
of
II.
figure
Hapi.
This
is
the
only
trace
of
Tahutmes,
as
marked on
building by Sety in
The
edges of
it
are
skewed about 20
as
if
a dooi'-
PI. xxxvii.
obliquely through a
Avail.
en-maat
is
of Pa-ra-hotep, re-
by the
style
The
lace
is
injured, and
markable
work of
the back.
lie
was brother
Osiri-.
of
figure of
Pa-raof
of the
II
:
best
work
of the
reign
Ramessu
II
wavy
Slab
Ramessu
at
hair, the
muscular
unusual
thick
the
lower third,
of
it
having
is
an L-shaped section.
clear.
The use
not
The photographs of the figure are given in This wezir was brother of Minnies, pi. xxxv.
and half brother of the great Unnefer, high
priest
of the
of
Osiris,
by
the
same mother
inscription
is
(see
Abydos
I, -47).
The large
on the
front, the
strip
The two
in-
ahu son of Ramessu. Pyramidion of black quartzose stone of Theper and his mother Khati and sister
6.
.
.
.,
Tauraa.
7.
The
translation
is
given in Mr.
Part
of
kneeling figure
holding
altar,
chapter.
PI. xxxviii. fer
The upper
inscriptions of
in
Unneof
a group
st<ine.
sculptures
which had
been
thrown together
Slab
of
Ramessu
is
III
XVIIIth Dynasty
mer-en-a>t
who
also
hitherto
slab
;
unknown.
(Cairo
Museum.)
Another
no head, was
found
Amen-
down
PI.
in the late
(PI. lvii).
chapel.
The
At
top
is
inscription of
Nezem
is
on the back of a
xxxvi.
the scene
is
on
much decayed
group of
a
small
limestone
which
of
unusually
and broken.
goddess,
(2) a
delicate
work
figure
in the features.
is
Osiris,
Ramessu
a
II,
and
guide.
The
seated
I
inscription below
in
much
Mark granite
tin-
Amenhotep,
of this
decayed limestone;
figure,
(">)
squatting limestone
scribe
ila-
over
palace
al
Memphis, and
i>
over
treasury.
pi.
The photograph
to
given on
head
of
i1
xxxii. 11.
much split, with inscriptions on back, base, and down front; (I) a Limestone baboon, which was badly split: a Muck of lime('>)
should suppose
II
belong
i<>
tin-
reign
stone of
section, the
outside
"I'
<>f
the
upright
11
Amenhotep
graceful,
lorials
;
or
Tahutmes IV.
than
i-
The wort
in
a
limb
(pi.
having xxxv,
.*'>);
the
cartouches
Ramessu
and
an.
is
I
finer
usual
such
\<,w
(6) a neck of a
\.i>.,
Roman amphora
when
the figure
seated mi
It
of
tin'
firsl
century
which shows
step,
which
was found
OBJECTS OF THE
Vim
WYIni DYNASTIES.
haps
boats
the
aegis of
87
The lower
group of
inscription
of
of
Any
is
below
gods,
some god.
as
yet.
Such decorated
figures
to be
Auy and
the
too
are
is
unknown
The
figure
of a
a
much broken
PL xxxix.
in
i<
worth reproducing.
of these
harper
interesting, as
All
pieces
were found
First
camp
from
the
stool.
a
The lower
stone
statue
piece
are
all
hard lime-
of
Mut-tuy,
II.
seventeenth
vulture
is
on
row
in
daughter of
Ramessu
The
was
This
the first
ing
where lower
(like
the
monument
Greek
princess,
lisl
who
is
at
Luqsor.
;;s
ABYDOS
1L
CHAPTER
IV.
58.
Pl.
xl.
Although many
flint
flakes
were
piece of a vase
third stone vase
is
is
described under
pi. xii.
A
176
flints,
only a
chambers (C on
floor,
pi. li) at
in
and so of an early
dynasty.
59.
Nos.
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and even
it,
to
the
smooth
6, 7,
it
and 17 have
all
as Nos. 3, 5,
first fifty
and
is
10.
On comparing
town and
these and
Kingdom, and later than the Royal Tombs, in which it was never found. The tips of all these knives being more
of the end of the Old
l^ointed than those
in the temple,
is
is
equal to
1 1
may be due
;
level in the
temple
which accords
closely
I,
to being worn away with scraping but they seem more pointed than those used in the earlier
(See Abydos
may
the
be reckoned a
late
Black Pottery,
class
1st
is
Dynasty.
unlike any
20
to 36.
This
handle notch in a
of pottery
known
in
in early
all
Egypt.
through,
to 30 are black
flint
here
the
;
is
33,
general.
between
pre-
They
ochre.
softer,
the size
The vases 32
with a polished
lines,
to
and form
cut,
is
would not
Dynasty)
(See
face,
and
it
it
so
late
(Vllth
Xlth
burnished
the jar 36.
of the
as for instance,
up and down
specially
that
must be regarded
I,
as an amulet.
The forms
;
Abydos
24).
Greek family
PI. xlii.
at the right-hand
the temple
the foot of 35
the
con-
Only
tln^ee
also western
this,
and
temple
site.
No.
is
a piece of a rockis
vase 35,
crystal bowl, of
given
source of the
without
a
.\.\ Villi
on
pi.
xii,
it
279.
history.
neck of
hawk on
this
seems
to
bearoyal
the
royal
vessel
probably
belonged
boat.
Another
neolithic
age from
S9
Deshasheh xxxiii,
15.
The
offering vases
(//.
which
1
They belong
is
one fabric;
and
the
we know
to
in the Is)
in
Dynasty
V.
i,
xliii,
10)
source of that
the rougher
presumably Cretan.
Egypt.
Probably
little
Nos.
at
was imported
Pottery with
to
93
95;
they
continued 96
is
to
a
the
Villi
M.
69,
is
Dendereh
the
(xvi, 5, 7).
of the type of
little
Vth (Desk
xxxiii, 20)
Perabsen (Abydos
later.
3!' is
f,
vii,
31) or perhaps a
very
long
of the
41
is
most
38
were found
inside
98
is
Dynasty.
dealt
The
in
same appearance.
100,
The
lid of
an incense burner,
chamber
filling
with
may
Dynasty (Dend.
The head-rest
110 to
101
is
60. Pottery of IlndVth Dynasty. PI. xliii. The forms here lead on from those of the 1st Dynasty to the well-known IV th Dynasty types. The open bowls should be compared with those
in
unknown
0(3,
The 112havealong
L06
Medum
of the
xxx,
early
9,
10
splay-
lip
bowls seems to
have been
known in the Illrd Dynasty (Dend. xvi, 1). The compound forms of stand and dish in one piece are known from before the 1st Dynasty
Abydos
I,
xxxv, 195
197)
to
break,
from a vase
in
No. 109.
It is
possible, indeed,
is
intended to
75,
unique
it
61.
and 11G
on a light ground.
at
it is
The
position of
pi. lii
it
is
marked
jar "
;
as " ribbed
is
new
to us at this
or IVth
to that
Dynasty.
in
Medum
79
78
and
The rough
xxx, 69) 121 and 122 are also 125 is not known so small (see Dend. xvi, 13) and 126, a IVth Dynasty form (Medum xxx, 5),
town (Abydos
finger-marked jars
80
83
Xth Dynast}-,
132,
we
see
rough
lingering
in
(Medum
133
tall
like
Medum
137
xxxi,
28.
The hand-made
so well
pots
to
Vth Dynasty (Deshasheh xxxiii, 22), and quite so in the Vlth Dynasty (Dendereh xvi, 8). The narrow-necked vases 88 92 PI. xliv.
8,
which are
known
earlier,
seem
have
as in
also
Dend.
do not begin
to the
till
2527,
40
ABYDOS
form and handling, as 149, 152, 153, 154
in the
;
II.
in
Mentuhotep
111. last
Pro-
west group
age of
The
its
in the de-
The types
Dynasty
at
marked X, on
pl.liv,
known
in the
Xllth
have
Dendereh, and
also
So these may
1!
CHAPTER
V.
THE INSCRIPTIONS.
By
F.
Ll.
Griffith,
F.S.A.
62.
I'l.
xvi.
In this
new
collection of puzzles
In 8 we probably
At
we
see a
column
have
V (T]
name
of the king,
:
in 9 a female title y
common
in the Illrd
this
may
be Hez-hotep.
,
correspond to
the
royal
seal,
but was
At
"
may
^
In 15 there
is
the
name
~p
Nefermaat, which
well
two portions
"
Command
known
as belonging to
an important member of
described as
is
faces in
title of
the person to
direction.
whom
it is
addressed
in
the other
Medum.
as "
On
18 King Menkaura
is
his 7ca-name
given
arm of the bull of Ra (?) ": 20 shows the Horus name of TJserkaf, and 21 the cartouche
Horus name ^r^ the same names.
same may
face.
qMK:
At the
22 has fragments of
"
is
another
(?)
line, also
in
presence of
the king
it
The most interesting of the inscriptions found this year at Abydos are those upon the three
63.
plates xvii-xix.
<
was
"sealed
(?)
"
on a certain
date,
apparently
>ld
Kingdom
xvii.
unrepresented on
monuments.
tombs
We
can
lands," the
"
the
"
two
Command
first
charges
in
private
of the
Old
(The
and
lines of the
decree
itself
Kingdom, respecting the /-'/-servants and the property of the endowment, and on the other
with the royal order of the boy-king Neferkara
to
his
officer
-rem
".
to
reckon
....
cattle
and
all
is
products therein
preserved unto
Khent[amentiu
king
liveth
Khentaby
command
of
the
of
for
The
first
two decrees
arrangement.
No doubt
in
commanded
[it?]
engrossed on papyrus
character
;
kind of hieratic
royal
chancellor,
governor of the
South
\ekau-Assa
42
ABYDOS
" [hi presence of the king himself]
:
IT.
sealed (?)
the third
month of inundation
is
(?),
day
2 (?)."
....
PL
This
xviii.
k-name
work They
is
done
god.
The cartouche
in the
\j J
command
Egypt
task
(?).
.
may perhaps be
king.
It
is
the
prenomen
is
of the
same
Ira
every
sign
in the
Another
reading
" Verily
every
man
of the
Horus
name,
Nefer-khau
of
this
(the
lands
(?)
of the
god
not quite
similar
to
certain),
period,
and very
the
one
now under
'
consideration,
a
nome
"
was noted
El Bersheh.
of the
by Mr. Fraser
Any magnate
of
(?)
or
royal
or
inspector
embankments
these things
of
( )
who
king
shall
"
do
according to
which
is
is
me
that
"In presence
sealed (?)
the
himself;
precisely
xvii,
form of the
decrees
on an
64.
"
pi.
xviii
it
must
have
recorded
honorific
"command" from
the king
PL
II.
xix.
The architrave
inscription
is
of
to the
Pepy
king.
The decree is probably of the same The record of sealing and date are
;
might be subjected.
(unto) the superin-
the heading
Command
title is
of the king
lost,
tendent of the
The
to relate chiefly to
the
administration, always
repute
Abydos
in
fact
the
nomarch himself
ments, a share in
is
The statement is in tabular we can learn from the fragan ox and a portion of milk
(?)
princedom.
to
be given from
ox" and
in the
amongst
the
lines;
but
there
is
much
obscurity
the
".
larder
inscription.
'
(?)
to take
nome
*")
(?)
which
any
the
mother
of
Menankh,
Pepyankhnes royal
god
....
in
which
mother of Merenra of the pyramid Kbanefer, (5) the statue ofthe chief judge and wazir Zau:
which statues (possibly
this
El Bersheh
ii,
p. hi.
first
three) are
in
48
endowment(?),
liavi
was
discharged
from
this
duty
I
they
made by him
Isiris
<
as his
<
monument
fsiris
to
his
father
are
protected
(?)
have not
thi
nnophris (or
statuette
is
Khentamenthi
a
receive
The
Osiris
inscribed with
the great
prayer to
lord
ol
to
the
extent of
Khentamenthes
and
god,
eternity."
" Sealed
fourth
wa/.ir
Ameiiv, begotten
month
of harvest (Mesore),
day 8."
milk must
the
....
xxvii.
The
fractions of cattle
and
jars of
refer to
PI.
Amongsl
marks on
at the festivals.
name
7
of
and
Pepy
I.
(Meryra)
"year 50 Abydos."
No. 12
These
must
almost
two
sisters
Both these
Thothmes
if
sisters
seem
1
to
so
name
of Pepy-ankhnes or
variant Meryra-
ankhnes.
is
may have
PI.
The
xx.
The
inscriptions
I.
here
appear to
be the
In those of Sebek-
belong to Pepy
-r S^.
*^c
may
hotep
III
his
name on
as
made
we read " King Sebekhotep hath monument to his father KhentaOnnophris), the making for
that
Osiris
may
menthes
(var. Osiris
65.
PI. xxiv-v.
III,
Mentuhotep
chiefly to
relating
may give him his protection daily." The altar is inscribed PL xxix.
sab
with a
offerings.
On
sands of
all
and ari-nekhen
Ankhu born
?)
of Hent-pu.
The
Ankh-taui
this
temple of
Abydos
for
begotten of the
and divine
It
on
not referred
Horus,
(Onouris)
The
figure of
Ameny
to Osiris
King Nebkherura,
is
Ab}dos,
<
the
"chancellor,
chief
steward
>n
Ameny (?),
of the lady Kemtet."
Upuaut."
The name
for
of the father
PL
xxvi.
The
inscriptions of Usertesen I.
means "Bread
of the poor."
PL xxx,
1.
Prayer
the "official of a
Hen- Borchardt
in
Deir
el
Gebrawi
i.,
pp. 29-30.
Mema, born
of Metu-ankh."
44
ABYDOS
2.
71.
begotten of
his
majesty found
satisfac-
thou
forth
eldest son
of Gel),
in
mighty god
Khcnta"
coming
....
king
Ta-ur,
his majesty
An
early
unto
(?)
him
[of gold,
with
vessels
and
example of
3--j.
hymn
to Osiris.
steles
Fragments of
with
many names
of wine-vessels
this
and bronze,
his son
and
titles.
was done
for
him by
who
PI. xxxi.
of a king
whose norm n at
least
was hitherto
The introductory
inscription
was followed
Part of
lines
unknown.
Pen(?)then
royal
by three
the right
two horizontal
on
nomen.
names
hand fragment.
small
fragment
left
hand
this,
it
lea lea
giving
[O]
The objection
points out,
is
to
Mr. Petrie
a
that
Neferu."
Penthen
the later
brings
this end.
high
number,
1,
120
2 at
part of the
New Kingdom
but
the
amongst the
(Heading)
low numbers,
He
of This,"
offered
Thinite":
" he
of "
spelling
for
"Daily [provision]
"
In the table
[by?
wwA
Kingdom,
we
see various
to
which period
66.
plate
PI.
this inscription
probably belongs.
xxxiv.
From
numbers 82, GO, 200, 700of loaves bat of many sizes 13, 41, 60, 100. 146,
half bushel (quadruple heqt) of
called
to the
we
learn that
Hour
also
hay
gifts to the
temple of
The
inscription
Below
heading
An
probably of the
followed
occasion of the
Pari of this
written in horizontal
which
lines.
The enumeration
is
in
two
lines
ie
former
should be moved
conies opposite to
the left
a
one
i
line
.
down, so that
large fragment on
(?)
<
(Heading)"
of
.
The
father
'siris
."
The
:
list
it
of offerings
exces-
sively fragmentary
kinds of
its
I,
objects in alabaster
iron
(?),
list
righl
33!'
Connecting
read
".
:
silver
and bronze.
of the
oil
we
read,
"my
aruras
these
pieci
together
we
may
of ///(/(/-land ami 40
Also
my
fine
the
-,;, r.-)
j
thai
linen
majesty gave unto him serfs anew to and white cloth ...."'
make
I'll!-:
INSCRIPTIONS.
to
PI.
XXXVI.
the
king,
what
and Osiris
I
is
pious and
pleas og
'"
washed my god,
"Favour granted by
i
purified
Below are
figure
tin
inscriptions
upon a squatting
under
Ra-
scribe,
steward
of
Memphis, superintendent
of
il
(Pa-)Ra-hotep,
a
wazir
Amenhotep.
lord of
iif
and evidently
Bet
Memphite worshipper
is
He
T
says
'
thee,
lea
l'tah.
ween
his
arms
shrine shapi
'I
d-Pek,
my
each day
tablet
worn
uiir
cartouche of
his king
<
arm
i%
" the
;
royal
chancellor,
the
me
offerings of bread
divine
cloth
May
oil
with the
name
My
me
:
unguent and
wazir as fosterer
max'
receive
cloth.
fillets
became
May
On
a
downwards,
is
as a perfect spirit,
may
I not
I
be parted
one (who
:'
in
am
"The
chief of
secrets
of
.
the
great
place,
(?),
who
who
...
the chancellor
lord, protect
ttli
,.
burial and
Ra-hetep, he says,
'
O my
.... me for
make
came
king's
forth
one
praised,
my my my
in
my
soul,
body
bones
be good, and
of
Memphis,
Amentruth'
For
am
hotep.''
the
says,
wazir Parahotep,
who
is
a-
The
the
inscription
is
god.
train,
He
'Let
me become
:
as those in thy
XVIIIth Dynasty.
PI. xxxvii.
67.
On the
(?)
J
of a statue.
who see thy forms exalt me amongst the Let spirits, make me divine amongst the souls. me be summoned to thy presence daily, and
destroyed from
At
the back
/"j
not be
out
the
land
'
the
the
the cere-
xxxviii.
at
Osiris
Abydos
Rameses
11,
'I
was
divine
servant
of
has
left
many
records.
Of
my
master (?)
....
plate,
I established
raised that
"
(?).'
up upon the
scaffolding of the
barge
above
side
:
should
be
placed
below
them,
On one
maat
:
servant Xebenso
he
says,
that
O
hymn
are joined.
The
in-
therein.'
. .
.
On
"
He
savs,
doius;
scription was a
or prayer addressed by
AKYDOS
to
11.
Unnefer
Osiris
live,
it
ends "
'
make liameses
[Addenda
to
Abydos
1.
Jt
is
best
to
state
2,
thy son to
/, lx,
ment upon the great seat, advance him (?) in two lands that he may live for ever,' (pronounced) by the chief priest of
the royalty of the
when
copied.
In
the
in
third
column
read,
Mris, Unnefer."
>
is
The second
Hathor,
divine
scribe,
all
inscription
an address to
deities,
11
nrzj
and
ill'
the fourth
T
said
son.
to be
including Harakhti,
Atum,
Ptah-Sokaris-Osiris,
!
The kneeling
of
figure,
pi.
Ennead
lxv, 8,
Unnefer,
is
of
Hora,
his
The
{
Karnak
inscriptions
read,
The
last
inscription
is
*
J)
'
|g
*]
Lord of the
-Jbl^jGI
at the side.
HV^t^^1iPI?nSyi3 <&>?
by the
feet.
by the Nile, of
its
offerings
rwmiiMitvHiDi
s
^>
for the
ka of the scribe of
the
steward
of
the
tPil^V13)miPV?oJ-
Th
Amon,
Any."
17
CHAPTER
VI.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS.
68.
Ix dealing
with so
many
details
it
may
be
temple.
In order to
compare the
place
relative posiin
main
may
them
the order
temple
Abydos /and
this
volume.
I III
Upuaut
.
Kbnumu
Anher
Khentamenti
Horus
Tahuti
.
Asar
Asar Khentamenti
Asar neb Abdu Asar neb Daddu
Hathor
Uazyt
Anpu
Asar-neb-ta-zeser
lead to a
name
names
in the
in a site.
first
period,
Whereas
Kingdom,
appear
till
the Middle
and grows in importance to the end. Upuaut is the name on the only temple vase, and appears
48
ABYDOS
and Osiris alone does not appear
II.
Dynasty;
till
two stages
It
after the
the
XHIth Dynasty
/,
(pi.
xxviii).
The
to
this
Illrd
IVth Dynasty.
And we
have
the
relate
when Herodotus
temples and
tradition
find
:
states that
The
appcais
deity
of
worship
of
the
place
Khuf'u
closed
the
abolished the
sacrifices.
This
exactly
is
meets the
of the
In
(pi.
(he
Vlth
conditions that
we
there
no temple, and
fire,
xix) as own-
the
was
siill
lived.
honour of Khentamenti
(xxiii).
Asar Asar
world
like
whenever a
new
who is
in the
order of things
and
it
is
And
Xllth Dynasty
and
or
69.
neb
Ankhtaui,
for
time in the
new
light,
and
Xllth
XITIth Dynasty
At
the
beginning of the
1st
Dynasty we
however,
to
New meet
Kingdom
Osirian
the
vase
of
Khentamenti, and
Mena
and
(pi. iv).
It
was
work,
scale
in the
round
(pi. i)
and on a great
Certaiuly no
the temple
lord of
it
called
advance on new
of coloured
lines
Abydos
an earlier date,
it
would then
glass
the
Khentamenti.
XVIIIth Dynasty. At the same early period arises the fine art in ivory carving, which is equal to anything done
later,
The change in the character of the temple under the IVth Dynasty is notable (see sect. 14). The great bed of vegetable ashes differs from
anything seen before, and the offerings of clay
in
it
and in
its
The statuette of the old king (pi. xiii), and some of the fragments on pis. ii, iii, show as good an underabove
all later
Egyptian works.
are
is
similarly
unknown.
This
positive
standing
in the
of
change
l-t
age,
in
The
small
a small
cell
ami
at a later
The date
of
xlii,
2036).
Pepy
in
the Vlth
Dynasty, and
SUMMARY OP RESULTS.
the earliest kind of painted island pol tery at the
The decrees
Dynasty
state
of
tli-
*s of the
same period.
(xvii, xviii)
are
the
only examples of
The camel had hitherto been unknown Egypt until late times. Now a camel head
pottery found with objects of the
(x,
in
in
documents of
with
carries
the
old
Kingdom.
tods of the
\
The
Ttli
iron found
the copper
Dynasty
Dynasty
metal
for
back
the
knowledge of
years,
as
it
thai
and
rare
much
like the
shows that
metal
in
was
<
at
leasl
known
the
>ld
Kingdom, though
Greek times.
present
did not
by Zippelin.
Income common
till
The statue of Khafra has long been one of the main treasures of early Egyptian portraiture,
but his more celebrated
predecessor,
Though not
in the
volume, we
cliff
may
temple
Khufu,
to us
by appearance.
At
work
Wfllth
we have recovered a
by
its
statuette, which,
though
Dynasty.
so small, yet
exquisitely minute
The clearing of the ten successive temples of Abydos has given, for the first time, the continuous history of a
ties.
We
site
through
all
the dynas-
realize
And
it
most
ruling
character
that
Egypt ever
new view
produced.
ABYDOS
II.
APPENDIX,
THE SIZES OF BRICKS.
70.
In uncovering walls of so
many
periods the
feet long
lie
comparison of the
of use for
was often
we cannot
say.
They
on the N.W.
but
The time required for finding the dimensions of one set of these unbaked mud bricks was considerable. One or two joints might show, or even a wall might show its bricks all
different walls.
The
by
mud
nominal width.
The breadths
to
which
the
are
following
Inches.
and
vary
fixed.
Ft
is
not
sufficient
to
measure
the
joints
several
in
together in one
thickness
;
length, as
4.3
Foundation W. of
wall,
liii.
S.
the
its
brick
itself
must be
side.
clearly delimited
from
mortar on each
5.22
5.6
S. wall of
W.
square,
Iv.
lii.
The breadths
of the bricks
Wall
S. of
ash shrine,
but this
is
by no means
plans
exact,
5.72
Low
houses
under
Kom-es-Sultan,
xlix.
For
reference
on
the
letters
or
6.05
more than one alphabet would be used up, numbers were better. It seemed best then to use the medium breadth of the bricks as a reference number, as
numbers might be used.
as
But
6.1 2
Base of E. outside
6.2
6.45
that gives
size.
6.5
W.
of K. in
liii,
in
measurements and
to refer
table.
&c,
Usertesen
deposit
pit,
The general conclusions from this table that from 1st to Vth Dynasty there is nothing
tinctive in the size,
wall,
6.4.
The Vlth
Xlth
sizes,
in
both.)
&c,
filling
of a break
in
N.W.
And
the
8.9 to
XVIIIth went outside of all these into To whom belong the 9.0 for the width.
1.3
xlix.
TIIK SIZES
OP BRICKS.
51
1.1
[Tsertesen
lvi.
W.
wall,
S.
end 303-
266,
7.1
W.
side
temple A. 202-189,
Li.
wall,
1.4
liii.
construction chamber
in
above,
7.2
Lower
xlix.
part
inside
Kom-es-Sultan,
J3.K,
of Kom-es-
7.8
E.
walls
of
Kom-es-Sultan,
xlix.
8.7
8.9
9.0
12.1
Tahutmes
wall,
III wall
on W.,
lvii.
III
The excess
breadth
is,
of the
the
(i.e.
on an average,
XVIIIth Dynasty.
of 13.5
The two
different lengths
(see 7.0)
mixed
together,
allow of
DIMENSIONS OF BRICKS.
Nominal.
62
ABYDOS
11.
Nominal.
..;;
INDEX TO PART
Aahmes
I,
II.
....
bi
ABYJJUS
dish, in ivory
.
.
ir.
Cow
,,
,
24
25
Frogs
Fruits, glazed
quartz
.
Cretan pottery
Crocodiles
Crystal bowl
28, 38,
.
48
25
Girl, figure of
.
29, 38
.
Glaze polychrome
Currelly, Mr. C. T.
Glazed
,,
figures,
found
Cylinder of limestone
,,
vases of
tiles
Mena
of black steatite
9,
29 29
3
3
,,
,,
inlaying
at
Deer
Deir
in pottery
Gods worshipped
Granaries, size of
Abyd
Deir at Abydos
el
Bahri
Granite pylon
,,
Den
period of objects
shrine
statues
Griffith,
Mr. F.
LI.,
chapte
by
Diagrams
of levels
21
cow
21
Ground, differences
Halbert, iron
of level
21 25
.
Dog, glazed
Dolls
28
12
10, 11
Hansard, Miss F.
Hapi
Doorways
of stone
tiles
12
Hawks
Hearth
of
Dovetail of
26 18
burnt offering
Heb, name
Hclt sign in deposit
.
Draughtsman
Eckensteiu, Miss L.
26
3
Hen-ur, name
Excavation, by clearance
2,3
21
12,
.
Hen vase
Eye
inlaid, of
stone
Hez-hotep,
name
tiles
.
Hieroglyphs on
Feathers, copper
32 27
9
Hippopotami
Fetish stones
Hor
Hora
Horus, bronze figure of
,,
as that of Perabsen
23, 26
.
Flint knives
Flints venerated
Flint serpent
,,
.... ....
.
15
38
27 27
Ink-slab of chert
Inundation
Iron, earliest
,,
.
large knife
27
16
halbert
Floor props
Fortification wall
,,
swords
.
6, 18,
.
20
3
Ivory carvings
STa-name on
tile
Vth Dynasty
,,
(?)
10,
11,
.
20
20
14
Khasekhemui, sealings
Khati
of
of of
Pepy
Mentuhotep(V)
,,
,,
Khrntamenti
,,
,,
marked
of of of
15,20
I
Kbnumu,
priest of
,,
,,
of Usertesen
6, 17,
20
,,
,,
,,
,,
18, 21
.
changes
in
worshiv
20
19
,,
defining temple
description of
17,
.
18
lead model
,,
,,
20
Kom-es-Sultan
AT5YDOS
Sanded ground
Sandstone carvings
II.
Sankhkara
Sealings
.
15, 1G,
7,
32
Sebekamsaf
Sebekamsauf
II
Sebekhotep III
Sedheb tablets
Senbtefi
sign in deposit
Sequence dates
Serpent of
flint
.
Sety
Ship on pan
Shrine of red granite
of glaze
.
Shunet ez Zebib
Skins, stretched out
Slate rings
,,
carving
Standard hawk
Stands of pottery
Stannus, Mr. H.
Steatite cylinders
Stele of
Pepy
Store rooms
Stone doorways
Swords, iron
Tablets of
Pepy
I.
Tahuti
Tahutmes III
Tauraa
7,
13, 17
18, 19,
33,
Temenos
,,
of
Old Kingdom
Usertesen
I.
Temple
Temple,
,,
site,
clearance of
growth
first
.
of
i.
third,
>>
>>
IVth Dynasty
Vth Dynasty
,,
fourth,
fifth,
,,
sixth,
,,
seventh, Usertesen
eighth,
ninth,
,,
tenth,
need of removing
history of
.
later
,,
M. 69.
1st
DYN.
69.
I**"
DYN.
111.
2: 3
69.
IV.
-~~^m&^Sf
wm-p-p.
69.
|ST
DYN.
69.
|st
DYN.
VI.
69.
1st
DY n.
VII
69.
1st
DYN.
VIII
64.
IX.
89.
XI.
204-
,r
*
>y2&
si
J
V*
r*V
^KbX rs.
-/
XII.
3:2
XIII.
KHUFU.
I. VI. DYN.
XIV.
&C.
XV.
0=^
I]
m
110
II
173
10s
II
<F^>
IZ
13
(J
18?
u
LEAD
IV
2
DYN.
XVI.
E-R-A.
:5
VI
DYN.
XVI
4}
%
EH.
Mh
M,//,///
:4
XVIII
^!ir4t~^ 4
\4
TI7
n
*
-1 ^
iu
% t
u
5'
11
If
softs-
1?^
4
Aft
Tr
*2/H~^*im*ftftt
ZH
& *
0=*
8fc#
1
WM-F-P-
VI
DYN.
XIX.
A
i
tfx
4
to
10
VI
DYN.
XX.
F.H.
"*A-#l
i
i
v
^tt-t
yu
-i
T
t
T-
T-1
*/*
i
i
t
M-A.M.
VI.
DYN.
XXI.
255
ALABASTER VASES.
LINTEL
GLAZED DECORATION.
VI
DYN.
IRON WEAPONS.
XXII.
W.M.FR
XXIII
I.
III,
XI
DYN.
XXIV,
~\
p
II
1
1 I
E.R.A
fl/.M.F
1:6
III
AND SANKHKARA,
XI
DYN.
XXV.
r ,!A\^?-l^^P\ f ~^
(
>
mm
f^A
E.R.A
I,
&C.
XXVI.
1:5
H.P
:5
/iiT
ir
it
&
1 1
STELE OF ATHA.
U
JXl
I
F.H
&c.
XXVI
1:8
STANDARDS OF USERTESEN
MAM.
I
1:10
XII
<nK
&
d'
XII!
XII
C=t3
msV
10
S\y
IZ
xviu
^/V/Ott'
^ni>
QUARRY MARKS ON BUILDING BLOCKS.
FP-
III
STATUE; SEBEKHOTEP
III
JAMBS.
XXVIII.
>CT
V
W
uu
Li
7
E.R.A
L.E.
EH.
1:3
XII
DYN.
XXIX.
fc-1
tEfl-^ CD
!__
p*\.
^#;if^
t
i
8^
^7
A\XV*\t-M.
*
i
1\
V
JiAAlUlA
ALTAR OF ANKHU.
rr
STELE OF SENBTEFI.
-i:>^T(fi
F.H.
XII-XIII
DYN.
XXX.
1:3
XIII
DYN.
XXXI
^sTtzZ'^ld^ IY~*
F.H.
XIII.
-XVIII.
DYN.
XXXII.
Mi
STELE OF PENTHEN
3.
STELE OF ANTEF
V.
4.
ANTEF(?) AND
5.
SEBEKEMSAF.
''
*
'
fir?
y
%}&%
fertl
-"
>
M
--
"
f^^BMi
6.
SEBEKHOTEP
III.
(?)
10
III,
W. PYLON.
XXXI
ERA
1:6
III.
XXXIV.
f^
Rff
XIX. -XX.
DYN.
XXXV.
1.
OF SETY
I.
2.
FIGURE OF RA-HOTEP.
^fA
3.
RAMESSU
II.
4.
RAMESSIDE GROUP.
5.
PA-KHRED-NA-AHU.
6.
PYRAMIDION.
7.
FIGURE OF RAMESSU
IV.
8.
III.
PU,
FIGURE OF AMENHOTEP.
XXXVI.
Mjgg^^
ff^*
^vw^A.
F.H.
1:3
XXXVII
n
4
a ncil^r*
&>.
a
WA
I
SI
\
<^ww^.
I.
'
t^x+
Stwm:
K9y-~~*~
ir.
S^)!'''
IS?
^
^rit
Erss-sa
"l
4~J
/:rl
irr^i
l?5!!i
I^UILl
xjc
f
*
iflSU
i
tit
-J
^ 2
>VW*
S&t&nriWW
F.H.
XIX DYN.
XXXVIII.
f\
I
I
-*r
AL
in
i
i i
m
i_^-i
Z\
i i
i
W6
!
0''
'
MSB
^1
JrJVl
1
\LM^
mmi^MM
/*+****.
1
mm&m^
F.
XIX DYN.
XXXIX
A.M.B.
F.H.
XL.
XLI
17
120
245
245
267
187
275
33
30
298
197
155
138
XLII
STONE
BOWLS
36
39
40
6
4-3
1 V
DYNASTY.
195
204
205
50
227
227
208
79
78
80
ll-V
DYNASTY.
XLIV.
106
no
215
203
205
.112
109
,215
2IO
VI
117
DYNASTY.
XLV.
II
115
123
VI
TO X DYNASTY.
129
137 138
244
130
131
56
W.M-i
XLVI.
140
141
142
-MTI52
155
fug
'53
146
150
144
143
145
I
148
156
151
154
XI
DYNASTY.
61
157
.159
163
165
IMtt^
158
160
162
164
167
172
vvieo
185
168
170
169
74
9
USERTESEN
187
188
.192
I,
XII
DYN.
197
196
,189
,190
.191
W.M
XLVII.
-"^
1.
2.
4.
5.
BOLT HOLES
IN
JAMB.
6.
GATEWAY
IN
OUTER WALL.
7.
9.
TEMPLE DOORSILL OF
PEPY.
XLVIII.
2.
3.
TEMENOS WALL.
USERTESEN
4.
I.
5.
CHAPEL OF
AT
6.
FC
/ULUrflri
dmo
t..
A AH rVl to
II.
1200
XLIX.
Iitr3SrX3K,EX>
FEET
XII
"D
TOMBS
OF
Orr
VI
TEMPLE
NEKHT NEB
XXX
Or
F
LATE PVL
XII
'//A
///A
V////////0///AA)
250
ABYDOS: TEMPLE OF
DYNASTY.
LEVELS
A B
IN
INCH E
OVER
BITRA RY ZERO
WEST
EAST
FIFTY FEET
V/.M.FP
//AVv&BICK
STOME
92
'/////, -&
/ / /
/ / /
'cylinder
186
Black
1
Ll 6
t
1
V
90
ABYDOS: TEMPLE OF
II
AND
III
DYNASTIES.
LI.
V7777771
*
i
/ / / /
// /
600
w.M.rp
65
SAND LAV EH
1
I
64
2.80
!50
ABYDOS: TEMPLE OF
IV
AND V DYNASTIES.
Lll.
^^V?
ETA
CREE
<ty
CREE
W.M.F.P.
III.
Tfi
i.r
AUTABS
i'"'
7
'
Of
(MENTOHOTEP
gg OH'. w~
1 a,,
en
:250
III,
XI
DYN.
LIN
250
XI
DYN.
LV.
Q93
3.JO -l5"-4-
'////////////.
-
156
120
-86
28?
USERTESENQ
^!;J
ill
RTESEN
USERTESEN O _ _ _ 2-7?
264
250
ABYDOS: TEMPLE OF
1 1
XI
DYN.
LVI
..
VI.F.f?
LVII
RANITE
SILL
.'
1S4
AXIS
-jHO
HO
o<i.
LIX.
Dyn.
LX.
DVN.
XXVi OR
8;
M
Pew
N DYN,
E_ A
ST
SIDE.
XX
7\\fJcutLrr ckJvvn--i
320
310
300
90
XI
8 U
serttsan wcuLL
OuJt-fcuU-
6 Harness U-
III
cU^t
280
2.70
-XI
Sa--n-kK.ka.yoL
wclLL
260
2.50
a
BeJL of
T-Lo-rvCs
2.4-0
XI
4 Cr^vwb bwJ-t
8 Co^jaer tools
XI
VI
2.30
2.2.0
Vi
*)
c
)
u_r_-r
S Co r-e.
.
VI
Ch_oL/m-6e.r-.s
A/_
a.
210 VI
100
)SLU of N- Ch-cLTM-be-ri. 5 L.0X-3 sCoylc c h. cnw b e_r\ ^ u-Ca-Y Ttvw.t>LO s w> c^LL
Vi
6
r>
Pe.\>y
ecust
qo-^
Ox
u-w-cLe.r
qv-eo_t
,c^LL.
190
.Ld-L w-aS
RL
fc6*t<L
culoi>a-i.U-r
(D^n.)
180
7 AcLcL-i- T-e.w^ejn_os
to
170
I
160
I5"0
LcLe-St of
q tnuJ: stores
S Lo bt-w^
f F
Scco-n-cL
tLw^Le.
^ScLwi. floor
St
U^
So-v^-cL
jlLo O'T
IrTLck
u>
Te.w-<.vto s
a_LL
140
S
j
DLirt
6ecL.
130
120
I
10
V/-M-F.R,
12
DYN.
LXI.
168'
ceo
H # C ^ 122^
124 f"}
<y?
94
41
lv
^28
lv
^ 86
Q107
67
172
<?
irJ^T?37
D
36 r> !
c^
34
183,
a
36
<r^r^ 83
TA
3
a
92
98
^0
S 118
40^82 SV<
76
114
C^
71
^
116
1^
29
78
&\r
/R40y
54
131
^i
^gl48
47
P.
72^
d^3
41
P.
37
pW}
UJ
NUMBERS, SEE
PLS.
Vtlt.
P.
PL. XLII.
15
DYN.
LXII.
19
w
B
PEPY,
VI
81
DOOR
t-L
(ft
^4
o@
(B
^
DYN.
80
^3
XI
AND
XII
DYN.
Ho 9^
oo
9^
oo
70
Ac?
CD
coOo
w.M.r.p
:15
III.
LXIII
II6
I05-
I03
LXIV.
S-D-
TOWN
f 11
78
f
f
TOMBS
OF
KINCS
BC-
5000
4900
t
79
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