CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

CD 4011 is a 14 pin CMOS NAND gate IC. Pin 14 is given to VCC and pin 7 is grounded. It consists of four two input NAND gates, N1, N2, N3, N4. N1 acts as an inverter with pins 1 and 2 as inputs and pin 3 as output. Here 1 and 2 pins are shorted. These input pins are given to touch plate. NAND gate N2 has 5,6 pins as inputs and 4 as output. The input to pin 5 is the output of inverter N1.Output of NAND gate N3 is given as input at pin 6 of N2. N3 is used as inverter with pins 8 and 9 as inputs and pin 10 as output. The input to N3 is output of capacitor C1. NAND gate N4 acts as inverter with 12, 13 pins as inputs and pin 11 as output. Input to N4 is the output of N3. When N2 is ON the capacitor C1( 22 micro F) is charged to +3v exponentially. It can be discharged through resistor R2 (1M ohm) to ground. Output of N4 drives the transistor T1 (SL 100), which acts as a switch. When the output of N4 is 0, T1 acts as OFF switch. When output of N4 is 1, T1 acts as ON switch. T1 provides the ground path for melody generator IC UM66. Pin 3 of UM66 is connected to ground through T1. Pin 2 of UM66 is connected through diodes (1N4148) to VCC. Three silicon diodes connected in series between pin 2 of UM66 and positive 3 volt rail keep voltage applied to pin 2 of UM66 below 3v because of drop across them. Pin 1 of UM66 is the output pin which is given to loud speaker through the amplifier T2(SL 100) By changing values of R2 and C1, the time period of melody can be generated.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING
The working of the circuit TOUCH SENSITIVE MUSICAL BELL WITH TIMER can be divided into two parts: 1. When touch plates are left untouched 2. When touch plates are bridged by hand

When touch plates are left untouched

Touch plates are touch sensitive devices. When they are left untouched, they act as open circuit. So supply does not reach input of N1, which is an inverter. So output of N1 is logic 1. Initially the capacitor is uncharged so input to N3 is logic 0, so output of N3 is logic 1 (N3 acts as an inverter). The output of N3 is connected to one of the input of N2, while the other input is from the output of N1. Here two inputs of N2 are 1 and 1. According to truth table the output is logic 0. Hence capacitor never charges. Input to N4 is 1 and output is logic 0. So transistor T1, which acts as a switch is OFF and the melody signal does not find the closed path. Hence output is not generated.

When touch plates are bridged by hand

Initially touch plates are not conducting, so resistance is very large. When touch plates are bridged by hand, the moisture in the hand decreases the resistance and hence touch plates are in conducting mode. Here touch plates act as closed circuit. The input to NAND gate N1 is logic 1, and the output is logic 0 (since it acts as an inverter). If any one of the inputs to NAND gate is logic 0, the output is logic 1. So the output of N2 is logic 1. Because of this capacitor starts charging to the supply voltage i.e 3v. The output of capacitor is given as input to N3, hence output of N3 is logic 0. The input to N4 is logic 0 so the output is logic 1. Transistor T1 is ON. Hence pin 3 of UM66 is grounded and melody is generated. T2 acts as amplifier, so it amplifies the output of melody generator and gives to the loud speaker.

When capacitor voltage is equal to supply voltage, it starts to discharge through R2 towards ground. The input of N3 is now logic 0, so the output is logic 1. When this is given as input to N4 its output becomes logic 0. Transistor T1 acts as an OFF switch, so output of UM66 melody generator is turned OFF. Hence music is stopped.