DECLARATION

This is to certify that this project proposal done for the DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF KIST FM RADIO under supervision of Prof NTAGWIRUMUGARA Etienne and Mr. HALINDA Eugene is a record of original work to be presented by MFITUMUKIZA Joseph Patient GS20100749 and ITUZE Gemma GS20100630 and this work has never been presented or submitted to any other universities or institutions of higher learning for the award of any degree. We therefore declare that, this work is our own contribution for the partial fulfillment of the award of Bachelors degree of science in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering.

MFITUMUKIZA Joseph Patient Signature.............................. ITUZE Gemma Signature..............................

Prof Ntagwirumugara Etienne Date ........./............../....... Signature.............................. Mr. HALINDA Eugen Date ........./............../....... Signature..............................

Contents
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... iii GENERAL SUBJECT AREA ..................................................................................................................... iv PROPOSED PROJECT TITLE ................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... - 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT ....................................................................................................................... - 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................... - 1 Research Hypothesis ............................................................................................................................. - 2 PROJECT AIM ......................................................................................................................................... - 2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................... - 3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTEXT AND SIGNIFICANCE ................................................... - 3 Description in detail .............................................................................................................................. - 4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE PROJECT (KIST FM RADIO) ....................................................... - 5 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT............................................................................................................. - 5 Chapter one ........................................................................................................................................... - 5 Chapter two ........................................................................................................................................... - 5 Chapter three ......................................................................................................................................... - 5 Chapter four .......................................................................................................................................... - 5 Chapter five........................................................................................................................................... - 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. - 6 PROJECT RESOURCES.......................................................................................................................... - 6 BUDGET PLAN ....................................................................................................................................... - 6 PROJECT TIME TABLE ......................................................................................................................... - 7 REFERENCE............................................................................................................................................ - 7 -

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ABBREVIATIONS
KIST: Kigali Institute of Science and Technology FM: Frequency Modulation RF: Radio Frequency AF: Audio Frequency MPX: Multiplex L (t) : Left Audio signal R (t): Right Audio signal RDS: Radio Data System VCO : Voltage Controlled Oscillator PLL : Phase Locked Loop

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GENERAL SUBJECT AREA

SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

PROPOSED PROJECT TITLE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF KIST FM RADIO

iv

INTRODUCTION
A radio is a means of transmitting information crucial to a given community using electromagnetic waves that is guided and oriented by the antenna in the space. This process has three main parts such as signal generation, signal transmission and signal reception and each part has its specific equipments and appropriate function. and these equipments are interconnected together to build radio station. This proposed project of KIST FM Radio focuses on the definition of problem statement, aims and objectives of the project, project area and project proposed title, structural design of KIST FM Radio, methodology which will be used, project resources, overview of the project (Project arrangement), Budget of the project and project time table.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Overview
However KIST is the higher learning institution that delivers skills in science and technology, there is informational gap between the school authority, the students and the neighboring communities of the institution. Currently administrators at KIST do find it very hard to spread common information crucial to both student and staff, as quickly as possible and using a means that is accessible by everyone. Posting information on the notice board has been done before but very few see it [1]. Emails too have been used, but these require that one has an internet connection via their computer or smart phone. Telephoning is another mechanism used, and although it guarantees delivery of the information immediately, it is very costly, and mass delivery information at once is not possible. With almost 93% of KIST community having a mobile telephone equipped with an FM radio receiver, KIST FM Radio is the only answer to information dissemination fast and efficiently [2,3]. In addition, As the world goes with the advanced technology, our government also need to advance with the new technology unfortunately the way the community is updated about that is very poor. the reason why the KIST FM Radio will focus on strengthen of updating the community and students in general about the new technology.

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Research Hypothesis
It is very expensive to deliver important information to KIST staff and students, as well as the general public using a means that is both fast and efficient. However, if an FM radio was designed and implemented at KIST, this information would easily be delivered quickly and to all at the same time. Delivery of public lecturers could as well be made easy since a professor would simply use KIST radio airtime to deliver a lecture to staff, students and the general public without having them in one room.

PROJECT AIM
The aim of our project is to establish the KIST FM RADIO which is educational and professional in mass communication. It is geared toward capturing the attention of the student population and the

neighboring communities of the institution and to provide more information to more students per minute per square kilometer than any other medium currently available in the country.

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PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Overall objectives The main objective of the KIST FM Radio is to strengthen the skills in science and technology and to re-enforce the entrepreneurial innovation within the graduate and community in general. Specific objectives o To develop a network and forum for young scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs o To analyze and debate about scientific products and their impact on society; o To produce educational programs on science and technology o To record and rebroadcast the important events held at KIST such as public lectures, important meetings. o to support students of electronics and electrical engineering have hands on practice on how radio transmission and broadcasting works and the society will benefit from programs by encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship and create employment to both students and graduates. o Capturing the attention of the student population and the neighboring communities of the institution and to provide more information to more students per minute per square kilometer. o To design a highly reliable radio transmitter equipped with a sufficient power amplifier capable of broadcasting throughout the KIST campus as well as the general public. o To setup a studio for comfortable broadcasting o To connect KIST to worldwide listeners.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTEXT AND SIGNIFICANCE

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Description in detail
The Radio FM transmitter first passes the left and right audio signals through a pre-emphasis filter. The transmitter then combines the signals with the Radio Data Systems (RDS) data to generate the multiplex (MPX) message signal m(t). Next, the transmitter modulates the frequency of the message signal and passes it to an RF transmitter, where it is up converted to radio frequencies generating the output, xFM(t) for our design we will use a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to implement the FM modulator and RF transmitter functions. Conceptually, this direct method of FM modulation will work. In practice, however, we generally use a phaselocked loop (PLL) to stabilize the carrier frequency from frequency drifts and a power amplifier to drive the antenna. L(t) and R(t) referred to as Audio Frequency (AF) which usually is around 20Hz-20KHz. This can be either CD player, computer, tape, microphone or just about any other audio device. The audio signal should have as good characteristics and quality as possible. MPX encoder or multiplexer encoder is a circuit that takes both channels of audio (L and R) and mixes it into one so called MPX channel. Stereo encoder uses a process called multiplexing which allows to transmit more than one signal over a single link, route, or a channel. The circuit is driven by an oscillator that switches between the two channels of audio with a frequency of 38KHz per second to merge these channels into one [4,5].

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE PROJECT (KIST FM RADIO)

Transmitting Antenna

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

This research will be organized into five chapters

Chapter one
Introductory chapter that reveals the brief description of the context, the project aim, general objective, specific objectives, scope of the project, statement of the problem and the organization of the project.

Chapter two
extensive literature review and the details of others' findings comparatively to our current project.

Chapter three
will refer to the research methodology that describes methods, tools used by the researcher to collect the data.

Chapter four
This chapter refers to the design and implementation of the project.

Chapter five
This chapter will include the conclusions, recommendation and references based on the research results.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Analysis of document Discussion with the supervisor, different persons who have experience and colleagues Documentation from books and internet Implementation More visits to different radio stations

PROJECT RESOURCES
Published books from KIST library Discussions with our supervisor and conversations with colleagues During the implementation we will use electronics and telecommunication laboratory Researches from internet

BUDGET PLAN
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Items Implementation Transport & communication Printing & Binding Modem &Airtime charging Flash disk Ream of papers TOTAL Estimated cost(RWF) 250,000 50,000 50,000 30,000 7,000 3,000 390,000

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PROJECT TIME TABLE

ACTIVITY FINAL PROJECT START UNDERSTANDING OUR TOPIC WORK ON PROPOSAL DISCUSSION WITH SUPERVISOR ON THE PROPOSAL TYPING SUBMISSION OF PROPOSAL CORRECTION OF PROPOSAL SUBMISSION OF CORRECTED PROPOSAL PRE-DEFENSE PERIOD RESEARCH DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION DISCUSSION WITH SUPERVISOR TYPING CORRECTION OF CONCLUSION PRINTING, BINDING &E-mail PROOF READING SUBMISSION DURATION 120 Days 1 day 2 weeks 3 weeks 1 week 4 days 1 day 4 days 1 day 5 days 3 weeks 4 weeks 2 weeks 1 week 2 weeks 2 weeks 1 day 2 days 1 day START 10/09/2012 10/09/2012 11/09/2012 16/10/2012 07/11/2012 14/11/2112 19/11/2012 20/11/2012 23/11/2012 26/11/2012 22/12/2012 13/01/2013 14/02/2013 1/03/2013 8/03/2013 21/03/2013 14/4/2013 15/4/2013 17/4/2013 FINISH 16/04/2013 _ 15/10/2012 06/11/2012 13/11/2012 18/11/2012 19/11/2012 23/11/2012 23/11/2012 30/11/2012 12/01/2013 13/02/2013 28/02/2013 7/03/2013 20/03/2013 05/04/2013 14/4/2013 16/4/2013 17/4/2013

REFERENCE
[1] Grubbs,G.D., "Using at first IF of 43.5MHz or less in an FM radio in a television tuner", 1992 US Patent 5, 146,337 [2] Kloker, K.L., "Soft quantizer for FM radio binary digital signalling", 1982, US Patent 4,309,772,1982 [3] Budden, K.G.," Radio waves in the ionosphere: The mathematical theory of the reflection of radio waves from stratified ionised layer", 1961, University Press (Cambridge Eng) [4] S. Haykin, Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 1994 [5] R. E. Ziemer, W. H. Tranter, Principles of Communications, Systems, Modulation, and Noise, Fourth Edition, Wiley, 1995
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