CHAPTER 15

Multiple Integrals
EXERCISE SET 15.1

1.

(x + 3)dy dx =
0

(2x + 6)dx = 7

0
4

3.

x y dx dy =
2

ln 3

ln 2

2

0
0

0
4

ln 2

1
1


dx = 1 ln 2

1
1

x+1 x+2


dx = ln(25/24)

0 dx = 0


2
x 1 x dy dx =

2
/2


dy dx =
x2 + y 2 + 1

15.
0

xy

0
1

10dx = 20
4

14.
0

4xy 3 dy dx =

13.
1

dy dx =

1 x
(e 1)dx = (1 ln 2)/2
2

1
dy dx =
(x + y)2

12.
3

1
1
x+1

xy ey x dy dx =

/2

11.
0

(3 + 3y 2 )dy = 14
2

(sin 2x sin x)dx = 2

ln 2

8.

x cos xy dy dx =

10.
/2

(x + y )dx dy =
2

3 dy = 3

x
dy dx =
(xy + 1)2

9.
0

4.

dx dy =

7.

1
sin x dx = (1 cos 2)/2
2

y sin x dy dx =
0

4x dx = 16
1

6.

(2x 4y)dy dx =

ex dx = 2

ln 3

ex+y dy dx =

5.

1
y dy = 2
3

2.

[x(x2 + 2)1/2 x(x2 + 1)1/2 ]dx = (3 3 4 2 + 1)/3

x(1 x2 )1/2 dx = 1/3

/3

(x sin y y sin x)dy dx =

16.
0

/2


x 2

sin x dx = 2 /144
2
18

17. (a) xk = k/2 1/4, k = 1, 2, 3, 4; yl = l/2 1/4, l = 1, 2, 3, 4,

4 
4 
4
4


f (x, y) dxdy
f (xk , yl )Akl =
[(k/21/4)2 +(l/21/4)](1/2)2 = 37/4

k=1 l=1

k=1 l=1

(x2 + y) dxdy = 28/3; the error is |37/4 28/3| = 1/12

(b)
0

620

Exercise Set 15.1

621

18. (a) xk = k/2 1/4, k = 1, 2, 3, 4; yl = l/2 1/4, l = 1, 2, 3, 4,

4 
4 
4
4


f (x, y) dxdy
f (xk , yl )Akl =
[(k/2 1/4) 2(l/2 1/4)](1/2)2 = 4
R

k=1 l=1

k=1 l=1

(x 2y) dxdy = 4; the error is zero

(b)
0

19. V =

(2x + y)dy dx =
3

(2x + 3/2)dx = 19
3

(3x3 + 3x2 y)dy dx =

20. V =
1

x2 dy dx =

21. V =
0

(6x3 + 6x2 )dx = 172

1

3x2 dx = 8
0

5(1 x/3)dy dx =

22. V =
0

5(4 4x/3)dx = 30

23. (a)

(b)

(0, 0, 5)

(1, 0, 4)

(0, 4, 3)
y

y
(2, 5, 0)

(3, 4, 0)
x

24. (a)

(b)

(2, 2, 8)

(0, 0, 2)

y
(2, 2, 0)

(1, 1, 0)
x

1/2

1/2

x cos(xy) cos2 x dy dx =

25.
0


cos2 x sin(xy) dx

1/2

cos2 x sin x dx =

=
0

1/2
1
1
cos3 x
=
3
3
0

622

Chapter 15

z

26. (a)

(b)

y dy dx +
0

(0, 2, 2)

V =

(2y + 6) dy dx

/2

= 10 + 5 = 15
y

(5, 3, 0)

27. fave =

/2

1
2

30. fave

y sin xy dx dy =
0

1
28. average =
3
29. Tave =

1
=
A(R)

dx dy =
0

x=0

dy =

(1 cos y) dy = 1
0

1
[(1 + y)3/2 y 3/2 ]dy = 2(31 9 3)/45
9

44
16x2
3


dx =

14
3

1
(b a)(d c)k = k
A(R)

k dy dx =
c

31. 1.381737122

32. 2.230985141

33.

x=1 


1
10 8x2 2y 2 dy dx =
2


cos xy

0
2

/2

1/2

x(x + y)

1
2

f (x, y)dA =

g(x)dx

g(x)h(y)dy dx =
a

g(x)
a

h(y)dy dx

h(y)dy

34. The integral of tan x (an odd function) over the interval [1, 1] is zero.
35. The rst integral equals 1/2, the second equals 1/2. No, because the integrand is not continuous.

EXERCISE SET 15.2

1 4
(x x7 )dx = 1/40
3

1.

xy dy dx =
x2

3/2

3y

2.

3/2

(3y 2y 2 )dy = 7/24

y dx dy =
1

y
3

9y2

3.

y dx dy =
0


9 y 2 dy = 9

0
1

4.

x/y dy dx =

1/4

x2

1/4

x2

x1/2 y 1/2 dy dx =

2(x x3/2 )dx = 13/80

1/4

Exercise Set 15.2

5.

x2

6.
x2

y2

x2

/2

xex dx = (e 1)/2

9.

y
0

7.

1
cos(y/x)dy dx =
x

sin x dx = 1
/2


x2 y 2 dy dx =

1 3
x dx = 1/12
3

ex/y dx dy =

10.
1

2x dx = 4/5

ex dy dx =
0

(x y)dy dx =

8.

[x cos(x2 ) + x]dx = /2

x3

sin(y/x)dy dx =

623

(e 1)y 2 dy = 7(e 1)/3

1

x2

11. (a)

1 5
16
x dx =
3
2
0

3
xy dx dy =
(3y 2 + 3y)dy = 38

xy dy dx =
0

(y+7)/2

(b)
(y5)/2

12. (a)

(x3/2 + x/2 x3 x4 /2)dx = 3/10

(x + y)dy dx =
x2

(b)

16/x

4
8

x2 dxdy +
2

y dy dx =


2x 1 x2 dx + 0 = 0

(x3 16x)dx = 576

(b)

x2 dy dx =
4

1x2

1x2

x dy dx +

13. (a)

1x2

1x2

x2 dx dy =

16/y



8
512 4096
512 y 3
dy
+

dy
3
3
3y
3
4

640 1088
+
= 576
=
3
3

1 4
y dy = 31/10
1
0
1 2

2
2



1
2
xy 2 dydx +
xy 2 dydx =
(b)
2

14. (a)

xy dx dy =

15. (a)
1

(3x 2y)dy dx =

1y 2

16. (a)

4y


1 y 2 dy = 0

(5x x2 )dx = 125/6

0

25y2


25 y 2 5 + y dy = 125/6

5y

2 1/2

x(1 + y )

17.

8x x4
dx = 7/6 + 29/15 = 31/10
3


6x 1 x2 dx = 0

y dxdy =
0

5x

(b)

y dy dx =
0

(3x 2y) dxdy =

25x2

7x/3 dx +

1y2

1
5

1x2

1x2

(b)

dx dy =
0

1
y(1 + y 2 )1/2 dy = ( 17 1)/2
2

624

Chapter 15

18.

x cos y dy dx =
0

x sin x dx =

0
2

6y

1
(36y 12y 2 + y 3 y 5 )dy = 50/3
2

xy dx dy =

19.
y2

/4

1/ 2

20.

/4

1
cos 2y dy = 1/8
4

x dx dy =
sin y

21.
x3

1/ 2

(x4 + x3 + x2 x)dx = 7/60

(x 1)dy dx =
0

2x
2

22.

x dy dx +
0

1/ 2

x dx +
0

23. (a)

3

x dy dx =

1/ 2

1/x

(x
1/ 2

x3 )dx = 1/8

(b) x = (1.8414, 0.1586), (1.1462, 3.1462)

4
3
2
1
x

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5

x dA

(c)
R

0.5 1 1.5

1.1462

1.1462

x dydx =
1.8414

3.1462

1.8414

ex

ln y

x dA

(d)

x+2

3.1462

x dxdy =
0.1586

y2

0.1586

x(x + 2 ex ) dx 0.4044
ln2 y (y 2)2

2
2

24. (a)

(b)


dy 0.4044

(1, 3), (3, 27)

25
R

15

x
1

4x3 x4

(c)

x[(4x3 x4 ) (3 4x + 4x2 )] dx =

x dy dx =
1

34x+4x2

/4

cos x

25. A =

/4

(cos x sin x)dx =

dy dx =
0

sin x
1

dx dy =
4

3y4

21

y 2

26. A =

(y 2 3y + 4)dy = 125/6

224
15

Exercise Set 15.2

625

9y 2

27. A =
3

cosh x

dy dx =
0

8(1 y 2 /9)dy = 32

1y 2 /9

28. A =

dx dy =

sinh x

(cosh x sinh x)dx = 1 e1

63x/2

[(3 3x/4)(6 3x/2) (6 3x/2)2 /4] dx = 12

(3 3x/4 y/2) dy dx =

29.
0

0
2

4x2

30.
0

(4 x2 ) dx = 16/3

4 x2 dy dx =
0

31. V =

9x2

9x2

(3 x)dy dx =

(2x3 x4 x6 )dx = 11/70

x2

0
3

(9x2 + y 2 )dy dx =

33. V =
0

(1 x)dx dy =

y2

3/2

35. V =
3

(1/2 y 2 + y 4 /2)dy = 8/15

94x2

(y

94x2

3/2

34. V =

(18x2 + 8/3)dx = 170

0
1

y 2 /3

6
3/2

36. V =

9 4x2 dx = 27/2

(18 3y 2 + y 6 /81)dy = 216/7

(9 x )dx dy =
0

25x2

(25 x2 )dx = 2000/3

25 x2 dy dx = 8

37. V = 8
0

3/2

+ 3)dy dx =



(6 9 x2 2x 9 x2 )dx = 27

(x2 + 3y 2 )dy dx =

32. V =

2
1(y1)2


1
2 3/2
2
2 1/2
[1 (y 1) ] + y [1 (y 1) ]
38. V = 2
dy,
(x + y )dx dy = 2
3
0
0
0


/2 
1
3
2
let y 1 = sin to get V = 2
cos + (1 + sin ) cos cos d which eventually yields
/2 3
V = 3/2
2

1x2

4x2

41.

f (x, y)dx dy
0

(x2 + y 2 )dy dx =

40. V =

8
3

(1 x2 y 2 )dy dx =

39. V = 4

y2

(1 x2 )3/2 dx = /2
0

 

1
x2 4 x2 + (4 x2 )3/2 dx = 2
3

42.

x/2

f (x, y)dy dx
0

e2

43.

f (x, y)dy dx
1

ln x

626

Chapter 15

44.

f (x, y)dx dy

y/4

ey dx dy =

0
1

x2

50.
ey

0
2

1
2

x dx dy =

x2 ex dx = (e8 1)/3

0
ln 3

ln 3

(9 e2y )dy =
0

sin(y 3 )dx dy =

51.
0

52.

y 2 sin(y 3 )dy = (1 cos 8)/3

(ex xex )dx = e/2 1

x dy dx =
ex

1
(9 ln 3 4)
2

0
1

f (x, y)dy dx
x2

ex dy dx =

46.

49.
0

2x cos(x2 )dx = sin 1

0
2

cos(x2 )dy dx =
0

1 y2
ye dy = (1 e16 )/8
4

2x

48.

sin x

f (x, y)dy dx
0

47.
0

45.

ey

/2

53. (a)

sin y 3 dy dx; the inner integral is non-elementary.

y2

sin y
0

2
2

y sin y

dx dy =



1
dy =
cos y 3
3

2
=0
0

/2

sec2 (cos x)dx dy ; the inner integral is non-elementary.

(b)
sin1 y

/2

sin x

/2

sec2 (cos x)dy dx =

0

4x2

sec2 (cos x) sin x dx = tan 1

0

(x2 + y 2 ) dy dx = 4

54. V = 4
0

x2

/2

64 64
128
+
sin2
sin4
3
3
3

=
0


d =

1
4 x2 + (4 x2 )3/2
3


dx

(x = 2 sin )

64 64 128 1 3
+

= 8
3 2
3 4
3 2 24

55. The region is symmetric with respect to the y-axis, and the integrand is an odd function of x,
hence the answer is zero.

56. This is the volume in the rst octant under the surface z = 1 x2 y 2 , so 1/8 of the volume of

the sphere of radius 1, thus .

6


1
1

1
1

1
x
57. Area of triangle is 1/2, so f = 2
dx = ln 2
dy
dx
=
2

2
2
2
1
+
x
1
+
x
1
+
x
2
0
x
0

3
f =
4

(3x x2 x) dx = 4/3, so

58. Area =

0
2

3xx2

3
(x xy)dy dx =
4

(2x3 + 2x4 x5 /2)dx =

0

2
3 8
=
4 15
5

Exercise Set 15.3

627

1
=
A(R)

59. Tave

(5xy + x2 ) dA. The diamond has corners (2, 0), (0, 4) and thus has area
R

1
A(R) = 4 2(4) = 16m2 . Since 5xy is an odd function of x (as well as y),
2

5xy dA = 0. Since
R

x2 is an even function of both x and y,


 2








1 2 42x 2
1 2
1 4 3 1 4
2
4
2
2
x dA =
x dydx =
(4 2x)x dx =
= C
x x
Tave =
4 0 0
4 0
4 3
2
3
16
0
R
x,y>0

60. The area of the lens is R2 = 4 and the average thickness Tave is



2
4x2


1 21
4
1 (x2 + y 2 )/4 dydx =
Tave =
(4 x2 )3/2 dx
0 6
4 0 0


1
8
8 13
= in
=
sin4 d =
3 2 4 2
2
3 0
61. y = sin x and y = x/2 intersect at x = 0 and x = a = 1.895494, so

a
sin x 
V =
1 + x + y dy dx = 0.676089
0

x/2

EXERCISE SET 15.3

/2

sin

/2

1
sin2 cos d = 1/6
2

r cos dr d =

1.
0

1+cos

2.

r dr d =
0

0
/2

a sin

1
(1 + cos )2 d = 3/4
2
/2

a3
2
sin3 d = a3
3
9

r2 dr d =

3.
0

0
/6

cos 3

4.

/6

r dr d =
0

1
cos2 3 d = /24
2

1sin

1
(1 sin )3 cos d = 0
3

r cos dr d =

5.
0

0
/2

cos

/2

r3 dr d =

6.
0

1
cos4 d = 3/64
4

1cos

1
(1 cos )2 d = 3/2
2

r dr d =

7. A =
0

/2

sin 2

/2

sin2 2 d = /2

r dr d = 2

8. A = 4
0

/2

/2

r dr d =

9. A =
/4

sin 2

/4

1
(1 sin2 2)d = /16
2

(x = 2 cos )

628

Chapter 15

/3

10. A = 2
0

/2

/2

r
0

/2

/2

2 sin

/2

16. V = 4

/2

/2

19.
0

/2

/2

sin3 d +
0

er r dr d =
3

r
0

32
3

0
/2

/2

1
(1 e1 )
2

r3 dr d =
0

24.
0

/2

1
4

er r dr d =

4 r2 dr d

64 16
+
9
3
d = (1 e1 )

d = 9/2

/4

d =
0

16
3

ln 5
8

/2

cos3 sin d = 1/3

/4

/2

d = /8
0

1
(1 e4 )
2

2 cos

r2 dr d =

25.

/2

1
1
r dr d = ln 5
1 + r2
2
2r2 sin dr d =

/2

9 r2 dr d = 9

2 cos

23.

22.
/4

21.
0

d =

0
/4

/2

0
/2

4 r2 dr d +

2 cos

20.

(2 cos2 cos4 )d = 5/32

0

32
3

/2

sin4 d = 27/16

1
2

d = 4

3 sin

18. V = 4

sin3 d = 32/9

r2 sin dr d = 9

64
2
3

17. V =
0

d =

/2

dr d = 8
0

/2

0
/2

/2

(1 r2 )r dr d =
0

16
r dr d =
3

cos

15. V = 2

128
2
3

9 r2 dr d =

14. V = 2

(2 cos cos2 )d = 2 /4

1+cos

13. V = 8

(16 sin2 4)d = 4/3 + 2 3

/2

r dr d =
/2

/6

12. A = 2

4 sin

r dr d =
/6

(4 sec2 )d = 4/3

sec

11. A = 2

/3

r dr d =

8
3

d = (1 e4 )

/2

cos3 d = 16/9
0

Exercise Set 15.3

/2

629

1
cos(r )r dr d = sin 1
2

/2

26.
0

0
/2

0
/4

sec tan

1
r dr d =
3

/4

28.
0

0
/4

29.
0

/2

1
2

r dr d =
tan1 (3/4)

3 csc


25
25 
tan1 (3/4) 6 =
tan1 (4/3) 6
2
2 2

h
0

/2

(25 9 csc2 )d

32. (a) V = 8

/2

tan1 (3/4)

hr dr d =

31. V =
0

sec3 tan3 d = 2( 2 + 1)/45

r

dr d = ( 5 1)
4
1 + r2

30.

sin 1
4



r

2
1

1/
dr
d
=
1
+
a
2
(1 + r2 )3/2

27.
0

d =

a2
d = a2 h
2

c 2
4c
(a r2 )1/2 r dr d = (a2 r2 )3/2
a
3a

4 2
a c
3

=
0

4
(b) V (6378.1370)2 6356.5231 1,083,168,200,000 km3
3

/2

a sin

33. V = 2
0

a 2 cos 2

/4

c 2
2
(a r2 )1/2 r dr d = a2 c
a
3

/4

35. A =

4 sin

8 cos 2

/6

/2

4 sin

r dr d +

r dr d
/4

/4

/2

(8 sin 4 cos 2)d +

=
/6

8 sin2 d = 4/3 + 2 3 2

/4

2a sin

36. A =

r dr d = 2a
0

(1 cos3 )d = (3 4)a2 c/9

0

cos 2 d = 2a2

r dr d = 4a
0

/2

/4

34. A = 4

37. (a) I =

x2

e
0

dx

y 2

(b) I 2 =
0

1
2

x2

dx ey dy

+y 2 )

e(x

dx dy

/2

d = /4

(c)

I=

/2

38. (a) 1.173108605

er r dr d =

dy =

ex ey dx dy =

/2

=
0

1
sin2 d = a2 a2 sin 2
2

(b)

r 4

re
0

dr d =
0

rer dr 1.173108605

630

Chapter 15

39. V =

D(r)r dr d =
0

tan1 (2)

ke
0

tan1 (1/3)

= 2k[1 (R + 1)eR ]

tan1 (2)

cos2 d =
tan1 (1/3)

r dr d = 2k(1 + r)e

r cos dr d = 4

40.

2
3

1
1
+ 2[tan1 (2) tan1 (1/3)] = +
5
5
2

EXERCISE SET 15.4

z

1. (a)

(b)

y
x
x

y
z

(c)

x
y

2. (a)

(b)

x
y
y

x
z

(c)

Exercise Set 15.4

631

3. (a) x = u, y = v, z =

5 3
+ u 2v
2 2

(b) x = u, y = v, z = u2

4. (a) x = u, y = v, z =

v
1 + u2

(b) x = u, y = v, z =

1 2 5
v
3
3

5. (a) x = 5 cos u, y = 5 sin u, z = v; 0 u 2, 0 v 1

(b) x = 2 cos u, y = v, z = 2 sin u; 0 u 2, 1 v 3
6. (a) x = u, y = 1 u, z = v; 1 v 1

(b) x = u, y = 5 + 2v, z = v; 0 u 3
8. x = u, y = eu cos v, z = eu sin v

7. x = u, y = sin u cos v, z = sin u sin v

9. x = r cos , y = r sin , z =

1
1 + r2

10. x = r cos , y = r sin , z = er

11. x = r cos , y = r sin , z = 2r2 cos sin

12. x = r cos , y = r sin , z = r2 (cos2 sin2 )
13. x = r cos , y = r sin , z =

9 r2 ; r

14. x = r cos , y = r sin , z = r; r 3

1
3
1

15. x = cos , y = sin , z =

2
2
2

16. x = 3 cos , y = 3 sin , z = 3 cot

17. z = x 2y; a plane

18. y = x2 + z 2 , 0 y 4; part of a circular paraboloid

19. (x/3)2 + (y/2)2 = 1; 2 z 4; part of an elliptic cylinder
20. z = x2 + y 2 ; 0 z 4; part of a circular paraboloid
21. (x/3)2 + (y/4)2 = z 2 ; 0 z 1; part of an elliptic cone
22. x2 + (y/2)2 + (z/3)2 = 1; an ellipsoid
23. (a) x = r cos , y = r sin , z = r, 0 r 2; x = u, y = v, z =
24. (a) I: x = r cos , y = r sin , z = r2 , 0 r

u2 + v 2 ; 0 u2 + v 2 4

2; II: x = u, y = v, z = u2 + v 2 ; u2 + v 2 2

25. (a) 0 u 3, 0 v

(b) 0 u 4, /2 v /2

26. (a) 0 u 6, v 0

(b) 0 u 5, /2 v 3/2

27. (a) 0 /2, 0 2

(b) 0 , 0

28. (a) /2 , 0 2

(b) 0 /2, 0 /2

29. u = 1, v = 2, ru rv = 2i 4j + k; 2x + 4y z = 5
30. u = 1, v = 2, ru rv = 4i 2j + 8k; 2x + y 4z = 6
31. u = 0, v = 1, ru rv = 6k; z = 0

32. ru rv = 2i j 3k; 2x y 3z = 4

632

Chapter 15

33. ru rv = ( 2/2)i ( 2/2)j + (1/2)k; x y +

2
2
z=
2
8

34. ru rv = 2i ln 2k; 2x (ln 2)z = 0


9 y 2 , zx = 0, zy = y/ 9 y 2 , zx2 + zy2 + 1 = 9/(9 y 2 ),

2
3

2
3

S=
dy dx =
3 dx = 6
9 y2
0
3
0

35. z =

36. z = 8 2x 2y, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = 4 + 4 + 1 = 9, S =

4x

3(4 x)dx = 24

3 dy dx =
0

37. z 2 = 4x2 + 4y 2 , 2zzx = 8x so zx = 4x/z, similarly zy = 4y/z thus

1
x

1

zx2 + zy2 + 1 = (16x2 + 16y 2 )/z 2 + 1 = 5, S =

5 dy dx = 5
(x x2 )dx = 5/6
0

x2

38. z 2 = x2 + y 2 , zx = x/z, zy = y/z, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = (z 2 + y 2 )/z 2 + 1 = 2,

/2
2 cos




/2

2 r dr d = 4 2
cos2 d = 2
2 dA = 2
S=
0

39. zx = 2x, zy = 2y, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1,



2
1 
2
2
S=
4x + 4y + 1 dA =
r 4r2 + 1 dr d
0

2

1
=
(5 5 1)
d = (5 5 1)/6
12
0

40. zx = 2, zy = 2y, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = 5 + 4y 2 ,

1
y

1 

S=
5 + 4y 2 dx dy =
y 5 + 4y 2 dy = (27 5 5)/12
0

41. r/u = cos vi + sin vj + 2uk, r/v = u sin vi + u cos vj,

2
2 

r/u r/v = u 4u2 + 1; S =

u 4u2 + 1 du dv = (17 17 5 5)/6
0

42. r/u = cos vi + sin vj + k, r/v = u sin vi + u cos vj,

/2
2v

2 3

r/u r/v = 2u; S =

2 u du dv =
12
0
0
43. zx = y, zy = x, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = x2 + y 2 + 1,




/6
3 

/6

1
2
2
2
S=
x + y + 1 dA =
r r + 1 dr d = (10 10 1)
d = (10 10 1)/18
3
0
0
0
R

Exercise Set 15.4

633

44. zx = x, zy = y, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = x2 + y 2 + 1,

2
8 



26 2
x2 + y 2 + 1 dA =
r r2 + 1 dr d =
d = 52/3
S=
3 0
0
0
R

45. On the sphere, zx = x/z and zy = y/z so zx2 + zy2 + 1 = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )/z 2 = 16/(16 x2 y 2 );
the planes z = 1 and z = 2 intersect the sphere along the circles x2 + y 2 = 15 and x2 + y 2 = 12;

2

2
15



4r
4


dr
d
=
4
d = 8
dA =
S=

16 r2
16 x2 y 2
0
12
0
R

46. On the sphere, zx = x/z and zy = y/z so zx2 + zy2 + 1 = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )/z 2 = 8/(8 x2 y 2 );
the cone cuts the sphere in the circle x2 + y 2 = 4;

2
2

2
2 2r

d = 8(2 2)
dr d = (8 4 2)
S=
2
8r
0
0
0
47. r(u, v) = a cos u sin vi + a sin u sin vj + a cos vk, ru rv = a2 sin v,




2
S=
a2 sin v du dv = 2a2
sin v dv = 4a2
0

48. r = r cos ui + r sin uj + vk, ru rv = r; S =

r du dv = 2rh
0

x
y
h
h
h2 x2 + h2 y 2

, zy = 
, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = 2 2
+ 1 = (a2 + h2 )/a2 ,
a x2 + y 2
a x2 + y 2
a (x + y 2 )

2
a 2

2

1 
a + h2
S=
r dr d = a a2 + h2
d = a a2 + h2
a
2
0
0
0

49. zx =

50. Revolving a point (a0 , 0, b0 ) of the xz-plane around the z-axis generates a circle, an equation of
which is r = a0 cos ui + a0 sin uj + b0 k, 0 u 2. A point on the circle (x a)2 + z 2 = b2 which
generates the torus can be written r = (a + b cos v)i + b sin vk, 0 v 2. Set a0 = a + b cos v
and b0 = a + b sin v and use the rst result: any point on the torus can thus be written in the form
r = (a + b cos v) cos ui + (a + b cos v) sin uj + b sin vk, which yields the result.
51. r/u = (a + b cos v) sin ui + (a + b cos v) cos uj,
r/v = b sin v cos ui b sin v sin uj + b cos vk, r/u r/v = b(a + b cos v);

2
2
S=
b(a + b cos v)du dv = 4 2 ab
0

52. ru rv =

u2

+ 1; S =
0

u2

+ 1 du dv = 4

u2 + 1 du = 174.7199011

53. z = 1 when v 0.27955, z = 1 when v 2.86204, ru rv = | cos v|;

2
2.86204
S=
| cos v| dv du 9.099
0

0.27955

634

Chapter 15

54. (a) x = v cos u, y = v sin u, z = f (v), for example

x = v cos u, y = v sin u, z = 1/v 2

(b)

(c)

55. (x/a)2 + (y/b)2 + (z/c)2 = cos2 v(cos2 u + sin2 u) + sin2 v = 1, ellipsoid

56. (x/a)2 + (y/b)2 (z/c)2 = cos2 u cosh2 v + sin2 u cosh2 v sinh2 v = 1, hyperboloid of one sheet
57. (x/a)2 + (y/b)2 (z/c)2 = sinh2 v + cosh2 v(sinh2 u cosh2 u) = 1, hyperboloid of two sheets

EXERCISE SET 15.5

1
2

(x + y + z )dx dy dz =

1.
1

1/2

1/3

y2

1/2

1/3

/4

0

x2

/4

9z 2

9z 2

0
x2

ln z

x
2

4x2

3x2 y 2

5+x2 +y 2

0
2

8.
1

3y

y
dx dy dz =
2
x + y2

1

1
cos y dy = 2/8
4

1
(81 18z 2 + z 4 )dz = 81/5
8


1 5 3 3
2
x x + x dx = 118/3
2
2

4x2

=

1/3

1
1
(1 cos x)dx =
+
2
12

[2x(4 x2 ) 2xy 2 ]dy dx

x dz dy dx =

7.

(xz x)dz dx =

xe dy dz dx =
1

x2

6.

1 3
x dx dz =
2

1/2

/4

xy dy dx dz =

5.


47
1 7 1 5 1
y + y y dy =
3
2
6
3

x3 cos y dx dy =

(yz + yz)dz dy =
1

x cos y dz dx dy =
0

4.

1
x sin xy dy dx =
2

y2

yz dx dz dy =

3.

(10/3 + 2z 2 )dz = 8
1

zx sin xy dz dy dx =

2.

(1/3 + y + z )dy dz =

z

4
x(4 x2 )3/2 dx = 128/15
3

dy dz =
3

1

(2 z)dz = /6
3

32
4

Exercise Set 15.5

635

/6

9.

1x2

10.

2x2

11.

/2

/2

xy

12.

/2

13.
0

1x2

1x2 y2

ex

y 2 z 2

/6

dz dy dx 2.381

(4x)/2

(123x6y)/4

(4x)/2

dz dy dx =
0

0
4

0
1

1x

1x

dz dy dx =

16. V =
0

17. V = 2

4y

18. V =

2
(1 x)3/2 dx = 4/15
3

x2

dz dx dy =
0

y dy dx =
0

1y2

dz dy dx = 2
x2

1
(12 3x 6y)dy dx
4

3
(4 x)2 dx = 4
16

=

y cos y dy = (5 6 3)/12

15. V =

/2

1 3
x (2 x2 )2 dx = 1/6
4

x + z2
dzdydx 9.425
y

/6

14. 8
0

y sin x dx dy =

/2

cos(z/y)dz dx dy =
/6

1
(1 x2 )3 dx = 32/105
3

1
xy(2 x2 )2 dy dx =
2

xyz dz dy dx =
0

y 2 dy dx =

(1 3/)x dx = ( 3)/2
0

1x2

y dz dy dx =
1

x[1 cos(y/6)]dy dx =

xy sin yz dz dy dx =
0

(4 y)dy dx = 2
0


1 4
8 4x + x dx = 256/15
2
2

1 y 2 dx dy =


1 y 2 dy = 1/3

19. The projection of the curve of intersection onto the xy-plane is x2 + y 2 = 1,

1
1x2
43y2
V =4
dz dy dx
4x2 +y 2

20. The projection of the curve of intersection onto the xy-plane is 2x2 + y 2 = 4,

2
42x2
8x2 y2
V =4
dz dy dx
0

3x2 +y 2

9x2 /3

x+3

dz dy dx

21. V = 2
3

1x2

22. V = 8

1x2

dz dy dx
0

636

Chapter 15

23. (a)

(b)

(0, 9, 9)
(0, 0, 1)

y
(0, 1, 0)

(1, 0, 0)

(3, 9, 0)

x
z

(c)

(0, 0, 1)

(1, 2, 0)
x
z

24. (a)

(b)

(0, 0, 2)

(0, 0, 2)
(0, 2, 0)

(3, 9, 0)
(2, 0, 0)
x

x
z

(c)

(0, 0, 4)

y
(2, 2, 0)

1x

25. V =

1xy

1x

dz dy dx = 1/6, fave = 6
0

1xy

(x + y + z) dz dy dx =
0

3
4

26. The integrand is an odd function of each of x, y, and z, so the answer is zero.
3
27. The volume V = , and thus
2





1/2
12x2
67x2 y2


2
2
rave =
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV =
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dzdydx 3.291

3
3 1/ 2 12x2 5x2 +5y2
G

Exercise Set 15.5

637

28. V = 1, dave =

1
V

b(1x/a)

(x z)2 + (y z)2 + z 2 dxdydz 0.771

c(1x/ay/b)

a(1y/b)

c(1x/ay/b)

dz dy dx,

29. (a)
0

a(1z/c)

dz dx dy,

b(1x/az/c)

c(1x/a)

0
b(1x/az/c)

dy dx dz,
0

b(1z/c)

dy dz dx,

a(1y/bz/c)

0
c(1y/b)

a(1y/bz/c)

dx dy dz,
0

dx dz dy

(b) Use the rst integral in Part (a) to get

a

a
b(1x/a)
x 2
1
x y
1
bc 1
dy dx =
c 1
dx = abc
2
a
6
a
b
0
0
0

2
2

2
2
2
2
a

1x /a

1x /a y /b

30. V = 8

dz dy dx
0

4x2

31. (a)

f (x, y, z) dzdydx

0
9

3 x

3 x

(b)

f (x, y, z) dzdydx
0

9x2 y2

32. (a)

4x2

8y

f (x, y, z) dzdydx

9x2

(c)
y

f (x, y, z)dz dy dx

0
4

0
x/2

(b)

f (x, y, z)dz dy dx
0

4x2

4y

(c)

f (x, y, z)dz dy dx

x2

33. (a) At any point outside the closed sphere {x2 + y 2 + z 2 1} the integrand is negative, so to
maximize the integral it suces to include all points inside the sphere; hence the maximum
value is taken on the region G = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 1}.
(b) 4.934802202

2

1
2
(c)
(1 2 ) d d d =
2
0
0
0

34.

f (x)g(y)h(z)dz dy dx =
a

f (x)g(y)
a

f (x)

35. (a)
1

f (x)dx

y dy

e dy

h(z)dz
k

sin z dz = (0)(1/3)(1) = 0

e dx
0

g(y)dy

ln 3

h(z)dz

/2

2x

(b)

 

x dx

=
1

g(y)dy dx

h(z)dz dy dx

ln 2

e
0

dz = [(e2 1)/2](2)(1/2) = (e2 1)/2

638

Chapter 15

EXERCISE SET 15.6

1. Let a be the unknown coordinate of the fulcrum; then the total moment about the fulcrum is
5(0 a) + 10(5 a) + 20(10 a) = 0 for equilibrium, so 250 35a = 0, a = 50/7. The fulcrum
should be placed 50/7 units to the right of m1 .
2. At equilibrium, 10(0 4) + 3(2 4) + 4(3 4) + m(6 4) = 0, m = 25

3. A = 1, x =

1
, y=
2

x dy dx =
0

y dy dx =
0

1
2

1
2

4. A = 2, x =

x dy dx, and the region of integration is symmetric with respect to the x-axes
G

and the integrand is an odd function of x, so x = 0. Likewise, y = 0.

5. A = 1/2,

x dA =

x dy dx = 1/3,
0

y dA =

y dy dx = 1/6;
0

centroid (2/3, 1/3)

x2

6. A =

dy dx = 1/3,
0

2x2

dy dx = 7/6,
x

2x2

x dA =

x dy dx = 5/12,
0

2x2

y dA =

y dy dx = 19/15; centroid (5/14, 38/35)

0

8. A = ,
4

x dy dx = 1/4,
0

7. A =
0

x2

y dy dx = 1/10; centroid (3/4, 3/10)

0

x2

y dA =

x dA =

1x2

x dA =

x dy dx =
0

1
4
4
,x=
, y=
by symmetry
3
3
3

9. x = 0 from the symmetry of the region,

b
2
4(b3 a3 )
1
2
2
y dA =
r2 sin dr d = (b3 a3 ); centroid x = 0, y =
A = (b a ),
.
2
3
3(b2 a2 )
0
a
R

10. y = 0 from the symmetry of the region, A = a2 /2,







/2
a
4a
x dA =
r2 cos dr d = 2a3 /3; centroid
,0
3
/2 0
R

R 1 

|x + y 1| dxdy

(x, y)dA =

11. M =

1x

(1 x y) dy +

=
0


1
(x + y 1) dy dx =
3
1x

Exercise Set 15.6

639

x=3
0


1
x(x + y 1) dy dx =
2
1x

1x

x(1 x y) dy +
0

By symmetry, y =
12. x =

x(x, y) dy dx = 3
0

1
as well; center of gravity (1/2, 1/2)
2

1
M

x(x, y) dA, and the integrand is an odd function of x while the region is symmetric
G

with respect to the y-axis, thus x = 0; likewise y = 0.

13. M =

(x + y)dy dx = 13/20, Mx =
0

(x + y)y dy dx = 3/10,
0

My =

(x + y)x dy dx = 19/42, x = My /M = 190/273, y = Mx /M = 6/13;

0

the mass is 13/20 and the center of gravity is at (190/273, 6/13).

sin x

14. M =

y dy dx = /4, x = /2 from the symmetry of the density and the region,

0

sin x

y 2 dy dx = 4/9, y = Mx /M =

Mx =
0

/2

16
; mass /4, center of gravity
9


16
.
,
2 9

r3 sin cos dr d = a4 /8, x = y from the symmetry of the density and the
0

/2
a
=
r4 sin cos2 dr d = a5 /15, x = 8a/15; mass a4 /8, center of gravity

15. M =
0

region, My

(8a/15, 8a/15).

r3 dr d = /4, x = 0 from the symmetry of density and region,





1
8
8
Mx =
; mass /4, center of gravity 0,
.
r4 sin dr d = 2/5, y =
5
5
0
0

16. M =

17. V = 1, x =

x dz dy dx =
0

18. symmetry,

1
1
, similarly y = z = ; centroid
2
2
2

z dz dy dx =
G

1 1 1
, ,
2 2 2

rz dr d dz = 2, centroid = (0, 0, 1)
0

19. x = y = z from the symmetry of the region, V = 1/6,

1 1 1x 1xy
x=
x dz dy dx = (6)(1/24) = 1/4; centroid (1/4, 1/4, 1/4)
V 0 0
0
20. The solid is described by 1 y 1, 0 z 1 y 2 , 0 x 1 z;
2





1
1y2
1z
1z
4
1 1 1y
5
dx dz dy = , x =
x dx dz dy =
V =
, y = 0 by symmetry,
5
V
14
1 0
0
1 0
0
2






1z
5
2
2
1 1 1y
, 0,
.
z dx dz dy = ; the centroid is
z=
V 1 0
7
14
7
0

640

Chapter 15

21. x = 1/2 and y = 0 from the symmetry of the region,

1
1
1
1
V =
dz dy dx = 4/3, z =
z dV = (3/4)(4/5) = 3/5; centroid (1/2, 0, 3/5)
V
0
1 y 2
G

22. x = y from the symmetry of the region,

2
2
xy
1
dz dy dx = 4, x =
x dV = (1/4)(16/3) = 4/3,
V =
V
0
0
0
z=

1
V

z dV = (1/4)(32/9) = 8/9; centroid (4/3, 4/3, 8/9)

G

23. x = y = z from the symmetry of the region, V = a3 /6,

a2 x2 


a2 x2
a2 x2 y2
1 a
1 a
x dz dy dx =
x a2 x2 y 2 dy dx
x=
V 0 0
V 0 0
0




1 /2 a 2  2
6
=
r a r2 cos dr d =
(a4 /16) = 3a/8; centroid (3a/8, 3a/8, 3a/8)
3
a
V 0
0
24. x = y = 0 from the symmetry of the region, V = 2a3 /3


a2 x2
a2 x2 y2


a2 x2
1 2
1 a
1 a
z=
z dz dy dx =
(a x2 y 2 )dy dx
V a a2 x2 0
V a a2 x2 2




1 2 a 1 2
3
=
(a4 /4) = 3a/8; centroid (0, 0, 3a/8)
(a r2 )r dr d =
3
2
2a
V 0
0

(a x)dz dy dx = a4 /2, y = z = a/2 from the symmetry of density and

25. M =
0

1
region, x =
M

x(a x)dz dy dx = (2/a4 )(a5 /6) = a/3;

0

mass a4 /2, center of gravity (a/3, a/2, a/2)

a2 x2

26. M =

a2 x2

and region, z =

1
M

(h z)dz dy dx =
0

z(h z)dV =

1 2 2
a h , x = y = 0 from the symmetry of density
2

2
(a2 h3 /6) = h/3;
a2 h2

G
2 2

mass a h /2, center of gravity (0, 0, h/3)

27. M =

yz dz dy dx = 1/6, x = 0 by the symmetry of density and region,

1

y=

1
M

1y 2

y 2 z dV = (6)(8/105) = 16/35, z =
G

mass 1/6, center of gravity (0, 16/35, 1/2)

1
M

yz 2 dV = (6)(1/12) = 1/2;
G

Exercise Set 15.6

641

9x2

28. M =
0

1
y=
M

1
xz dz dy dx = 81/8, x =
M

x2 z dV = (8/81)(81/5) = 8/5,

1
xyz dV = (8/81)(243/8) = 3, z =
M

xz 2 dV = (8/81)(27/4) = 2/3;
G

mass 81/8, center of gravity (8/5, 3, 2/3)

k(x2 + y 2 )dy dx = 2k/3, x = y from the symmetry of density and region,

29. (a) M =
0

1
x=
M

0
kx(x2 + y 2 )dA =

3
(5k/12) = 5/8; center of gravity (5/8, 5/8)
2k

(b) y = 1/2 from the symmetry of density and region,

1
1
1
M=
kx2 dA = (2/k)(k/3) = 2/3,
kx dy dx = k/2, x =
M
0
0
R

center of gravity (2/3, 1/2)

30. (a) x = y = z from the symmetry of density and region,

1
1
1
M=
k(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dz dy dx = k,
0


0
0
1
x=
kx(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dV = (1/k)(7k/12) = 7/12; center of gravity (7/12, 7/12, 7/12)
M
G

(b) x = y = z from the symmetry of density and region,

1
1
1
M=
k(x + y + z)dz dy dx = 3k/2,
0
0
0




1
2
x=
kx(x + y + z)dV =
(5k/6) = 5/9; center of gravity (5/9, 5/9, 5/9)
M
3k
G

sin x

1/(1+x2 +y 2 )

dV =

31. V =
1
V

dz dy dx = 0.666633,
0

x=

xdV = 1.177406, y =

1
V

ydV = 0.353554, z =

1
V

32. (b) Use polar coordinates for x and y to get

2
a
1/(1+r2 )
V =
dV =
r dz dr d = ln(1 + a2 ),
0

z=

1
V

zdV =

a2
2(1 + a2 ) ln(1 + a2 )

Thus lim z =
+
a0

lim z =

a0+

1
; lim z = 0.
2 a+

1
; lim z = 0
2 a+

(c) Solve z = 1/4 for a to obtain a 1.980291.

zdV = 0.231557
G

642

Chapter 15

33. Let x = r cos , y = r sin , and dA = r dr d in formulas (11) and (12).

a(1+sin )

r dr d = 3a2 /2,

34. x = 0 from the symmetry of the region, A =

y=

1
A

a(1+sin )

r2 sin dr d =
0

2
(5a3 /4) = 5a/6; centroid (0, 5a/6)
3a2

/2

sin 2

r dr d = /8,

35. x = y from the symmetry of the region, A =

x=

1
A

/2

sin 2

r2 cos dr d = (8/)(16/105) =
0

128
; centroid
105

128 128
,
105 105

36. x = 3/2 and y = 1 from the symmetry of the region,

x dA = xA = (3/2)(6) = 9,
y dA = yA = (1)(6) = 6
R

37. x = 0 from the symmetry of the region, a2 /2 is the area of the semicircle, 2y is the distance
traveled by the centroid to generate the sphere so 4a3 /3 = (a2 /2)(2y), y = 4a/(3)


1 2
38. (a) V =
a
2


 
1
4a
= (3 + 4)a3
2 a +
3
3



4a
2
a+
so
(b) the distance between the centroid and the line is
2
3



 
1 2
4a
1
2
V =
a+
=
2
2(3 + 4)a3
a
2
2
3
6
39. x = k so V = (ab)(2k) = 2 2 abk
40. y = 4 from the symmetry of the region,

2
8x2
A=
dy dx = 64/3 so V = (64/3)[2(4)] = 512/3
2

x2

1
41. The region generates a cone of volume ab2 when it is revolved about the x-axis, the area of the
3


1
1
1
1
2
region is ab so ab =
ab (2y), y = b/3. A cone of volume a2 b is generated when the
2
3
2
3


1 2
1
region is revolved about the y-axis so a b =
ab (2x), x = a/3. The centroid is (a/3, b/3).
3
2

y 2 dy dx =

42. Ix =

0
a

1
ab3 , Iy =
3

(x2 + y 2 ) dy dx =

Iz =
0

0
2

x2 dy dx =
0

1
ab(a2 + b2 )
3

r3 sin2 dr d = a4 /4; Iy =

43. Ix =
0

Iz = Ix + Iy = a4 /2

1 3
a b,
3

r3 cos2 dr d = a4 /4 = Ix ;
0

Exercise Set 15.7

643

EXERCISE SET 15.7

1r 2

1.

1
(1 r2 )r dr d =
2

zr dz dr d =
0

0
/2

cos

/2

2.
0

0
/2

/2

sin cos d d d =
0

0
2

/4

2

a sec

/4

0
2

3

2

r2

r dz dr d = 2
0

r(9 r2 )dr d =

9r 2

6. V = 2

1
sin cos d d =
4

r dz dr d =

5. V =

r
0

1
cos4 sin d = 1/20
4

1 3
a sec3 sin d d =
3

2 sin d d d =

4.

/2

/2

r sin dr d =

3.

1
d = /4
8

0
/2

cos

r sin dz dr d =

/2

1
d = /16
8
1 3
a d = a3 /3
6

81
d = 81/2
4

9 r2 dr d

2
= (27 5 5)
3

d = 4(27 5 5)/3

z = r2 in a circle of radius 2; the volume consists of two portions, one inside

7. r2 + z 2 = 20 intersects

the cylinder r = 20 and one outside that cylinder:

2
2
r2

2
20
20r2
V=
r dz dr d +
r dz dr d

20r 2

2

=
0




r r2 + 20 r2 dr d +

2

20r 2

20


2r

20 r2 dr d

2

80
4
128 2
152
+ 5
(10 5 13)
d +
d =
3 0
3
3
3
0

8. z = hr/a intersects z = h in a circle of radius a,

2
a
h

2
a

2
h
1 2
V =
r dz dr d =
(ar r2 )dr d =
a h d = a2 h/3
6
0
0
hr/a
0
0 a
0

/3

/3

9. V =

sin d d d =
0

0
2

0
/4

0
2

/4

10. V =

sin d d d =
0

64
32
sin d d =
3
3

d = 64/3
0

7
7
sin d d = (2 2)
3
6

d = 7(2 2)/3

11. In spherical coordinates the sphere and the plane z = a are = 2a and = a sec , respectively.
They intersect at = /3,

2
/3
a sec

2
/2
2a
V=
2 sin d d d +
2 sin d d d
0

0
/3

0
2

1 3
a sec3 sin d d +
3
0
0
0

2

2
1
4
= a3
d + a3
d = 11a3 /3
2
3
0
0

/3
/2

/3

8 3
a sin d d
3

644

Chapter 15

/2

/2

12. V =

sin d d d =
0

/2

/4

a2 r 2

13.

/4

/2

(a2 r3 r5 ) cos2 dr d

r cos dz dr d =
0

1 6
=
a
12

/2

e 2 sin d d d =

14.
0

/2

/4

/2

cos2 d = a6 /48
0

1
(1 e1 )
3

/2

sin d d = (1 e1 )/3

0
2

4 cos2 sin d d d = 32(2 2 1)/15

15.

9 2 2
9 sin d d =
d = 9 2
2
0

3 sin d d d = 81

16.
0

/2

r tan3

dz dr d =
1 + z2

17. (a)
/3

/2

/2

0

a2 r 2

19. (a) V = 2
0

1
dz
1 + z2


 5

15
4 1
ln 3
2 ln( 5 2) = (8 + 3 ln 3) ln( 5 2)
3 2
2
2

r dz dr d = 4a3 /3

2 sin d d d = 4a3 /3
0

0
2

r dr
1

(b) V =

/2
1
2
4,294,967,296
37
cos cos d d =
cos37 d =
2 0.008040
18
36 0
755,505,013,725

/4

18.
0

tan d
/6

 

y tan3 z

dx dy dz; the region is a rectangular solid with sides /6, 3, 4.

1 + x2

(b)
/3

 

/3
3


=



4x2

4x2 y2
xyz dz dy dx

20. (a)
0

4x2

=

/2

4r 2

1
1
xy(4 x2 y 2 )dy dx =
2
8

x(4 x2 )2 dx = 4/3
0

r3 z sin cos dz dr d

(b)
0

/2

=

/2

/2

1 3
8
(4r r5 ) sin cos dr d =
2
3

/2

sin cos d = 4/3

0

5 sin3 cos sin cos d d d

(c)
0

/2

=
0

/2

32
8
sin3 cos sin cos d d =
3
3

/2

sin cos d = 4/3

0

Exercise Set 15.7

645

1
27
r(3 r)2 dr d =
2
8

(3 z)r dz dr d =

21. M =
0

0
2

22. M =

1 2
1
kh r dr d = ka2 h2
2
4

k zr dz dr d =
0

0
2

0

2

0
2

2

sin d d d =

24. M =
0

d = 27/4
0
2

d = ka2 h2 /2
0

1 4
1
ka sin d d = ka4
4
2

k3 sin d d d =

23. M =

3
sin d d = 3
2

d = ka4
0

d = 6
0

25. x
= y = 0 from the symmetry of the region,

2
1 

2
1
2r2

(r 2 r2 r3 )dr d = (8 2 7)/6,
r dz dr d =
V =
0

z =

1
V

r2

2

2r 2

zr dz dr d =
0

centroid

r2

7
16 2 14

(7/12) = 7/(16 2 14);

(8 2 7)

0, 0,

26. x
= y = 0 from the symmetry of the region, V = 8/3,





1 2 2 2
3
z =
zr dz dr d =
(4) = 3/2; centroid (0, 0, 3/2)
V 0
8
0
r
27. x
= y = z from the symmetry of the region, V = a3 /6,






1 /2 /2 a 3
6
z =
cos sin d d d =
(a4 /16) = 3a/8;
3
V 0
a
0
0
centroid (3a/8, 3a/8, 3a/8)

/3

2 sin d d d = 64/3,

28. x
= y = 0 from the symmetry of the region, V =

1
z =
V

/3

0
4

3 cos sin d d d =
0

3
(48) = 9/4; centroid (0, 0, 9/4)
64

/2

2 cos

r dz dr d = 3/2,

29. y = 0 from the symmetry of the region, V = 2

2
x
=
V

/2

2 cos

r2

r2 cos dz dr d =

2
z =
V

/2

2 cos

0
r2

rz dz dr d =
0

/2

2 cos

16
3

/2

2 cos

1
r(4 r2 )2 dr d
2

/2

(1 sin6 )d = (16/3)(11/32) = 11/6

0

4
(5/6) = 10/9; centroid (4/3, 0, 10/9)
3

4r 2

4
() = 4/3,
3

zr dz dr d =

30. M =
=

r2

646

Chapter 15

/2

/3

/2

/3

31. V =

sin d d d =
0

/6

= 2( 3 1)/3

/4

/6

1
1
sin d d = (2 2)
4
8

/4

3 sin d d d =

32. M =
0

/2
4
8
sin d d = ( 3 1)
d
3
3
0

d = (2

2)/4

33. x
= y = 0 from the symmetry of density and region,

2
1
1r2
M=
(r2 + z 2 )r dz dr d = /4,
0

1
z =
M

1r 2

z(r2 +z 2 )r dz dr d = (4/)(11/120) = 11/30; center of gravity (0, 0, 11/30)

0

1
z =
M

zr dz dr d = /4,

34. x
= y = 0 from the symmetry of density and region, M =
0

z 2 r dz dr d = (4/)(2/15) = 8/15; center of gravity (0, 0, 8/15)

0

35. x
= y = 0 from the symmetry of density and region,

2
/2
a
k3 sin d d d = ka4 /2,
M=
0

1
z =
M

/2

k4 sin cos d d d =
0

2
(ka5 /5) = 2a/5; center of gravity (0, 0, 2a/5)
ka4

36. x
= z = 0 from the symmetry of the region, V = 54/3 16/3 = 38/3,







1 3 3 2
1 65
y =
sin sin d d d =
sin2 sin d d
V 0 0 2
V 0 0 4


1 65
3
=
sin d =
(65/4) = 195/152; centroid (0, 195/152, 0)
38
V 0 8

(/R)3 2

0 e

37. M =
0

sin d d d =

1
(1 e1 )R3 0 sin d d
3

4
= (1 e1 )0 R3
3
38. (a) The sphere and cone intersect in a circle of radius 0 sin 0 ,


2
0 sin 0
20 r2

2
0 sin 0  
2
2
2
r 0 r r cot 0 dr d
V=
r dz dr d =
1

=
1

r cot 0

1 3
1
0 (1 cos3 0 sin3 0 cot 0 )d = 30 (1 cos3 0 sin2 0 cos 0 )(2 1 )
3
3

1 3
(1 cos 0 )(2 1 ).
3 0

Exercise Set 15.8

647

(b) From Part (a), the volume of the solid bounded by = 1 , = 2 , = 1 , = 2 , and
1
1
1
= 0 is 30 (1 cos 2 )(2 1 ) 30 (1 cos 1 )(2 1 ) = 30 (cos 1 cos 2 )(2 1 )
3
3
3
so the volume of the spherical wedge between = 1 and = 2 is
1
1
V = 32 (cos 1 cos 2 )(2 1 ) 31 (cos 1 cos 2 )(2 1 )
3
3
1 3
( 31 )(cos 1 cos 2 )(2 1 )
3 2

=
(c)

d
cos = sin so from the Mean-Value Theorem cos 2 cos 1 = (2 1 ) sin where
d
d 3
is between 1 and 2 . Similarly
= 32 so 32 31 = 32 (2 1 ) where is between
d
1 and 2 . Thus cos 1 cos 2 = sin and 32 31 = 32 so V = 2 sin .

r2 r dz dr d =

39. Iz =
0

2

a

r3 dz dr d =
0

h
2

40. Iy =

1
(hr3 cos2 + h3 r)dr d
3

(r cos + z )r dz dr d =
0

2 

=
0


1 4
1

a h cos2 + a2 h3 d =
a4 h + a2 h3
4
6
4
3

a2

r2 r dz dr d =
0

a1
2

41. Iz =
0

1
a4 h
2

a2

a1

r3 dz dr d =
0

a
2

42. Iz =

4 sin3 d d d =

( sin ) sin d d d =
0

1
h(a42 a41 )
2

8
a5
15

EXERCISE SET 15.8

1.


(x, y)  1
=
(u, v)  3

3.


(x, y)  cos u
=
sin u
(u, v)

4.


 2(v 2 u2 )

(x, y)  (u2 + v 2 )2
=
(u, v) 
4uv

 (u2 + v 2 )2

5. x =


4 
= 17
5 

2.


(x, y)  1
=
(u, v)  4u


sin v 
= cos u cos v + sin u sin v = cos(u v)
cos v 





 = 4/(u2 + v 2 )2
2(v 2 u2 ) 
(u2 + v 2 )2 

4uv
2
(u + v 2 )2


5
1
2
(x, y)  2/9
2
u + v, y = u + v;
=
1/9
9
9
9
9
(u, v)


(x, y)  1/u
=
6. x = ln u, y = uv;
v
(u, v) 


0 
=1
u 


5/9  1
=
2/9  9


4v 
= 1 16uv
1 

648

Chapter 15


1





(x, y)  2 2 u + v
7. x = u + v/ 2, y = v u/ 2;
=
1
(u, v) 

2 2 vu

8. x = u3/2 /v 1/2 , y

9.

10.


 3

(x, y, z)
=  1
(u, v, w) 
0


 3u1/2

(x, y)  2v 1/2
1/2
1/2
= v /u ;
=
(u, v) 
1/2
 v

2u3/2

1
0 
0 2  = 5
1
1 


 1v

(x, y, z)
=  v vw
(u, v, w) 
vw

u
u uw
uw

0
uv
uv

1

2 2 u+v
1

2 2 vu




1

=
 2v



u3/2
3/2
2v
1
2u1/2 v 1/2




 = u2 v




 1/v

(x, y, z)
11. y = v, x = u/y = u/v, z = w x = w u/v;
=  0
(u, v, w) 
1/v

 0

(x, y, z)
12. x = (v + w)/2, y = (u w)/2, z = (u v)/2,
=  1/2
(u, v, w) 
1/2
y

13.





= 1
 4 v 2 u2



u/v 2
1
u/v 2
1/2
0
1/2

14.




 = 1/v



1/2
1/2
0




 = 1

4


(3, 4)

(0, 2)

0
0
1

3
2
1
x
x

(0, 0)
(1, 0)

(4, 0)

(1, 0)
y

15.

(0, 0)

16.

(0, 3)

2
(2, 0)
-3

x
1

x
-3

17. x =

2
2
1 (x, y)
1 1
1
u + v, y = u + v,
= ;
5
5
5
5 (u, v)
5 5

S

u
1
dAuv =
v
5

1

1

3
u
du dv = ln 3
v
2

Exercise Set 15.8

18. x =

649

1
1
1 (x, y)
1 1
1
u + v, y = u v,
= ;
2
2
2
2 (u, v)
2 2

veuv dAuv =

1
2

veuv du dv =
1

1 4
(e e 3)
2

(x, y)
= 2; the boundary curves of the region S in the uv-plane are
(u, v)




1
u
1
v = 0, v = u, and u = 1 so 2
sin u cos vdAuv = 2
sin u cos v dv du = 1 sin 2
2
0
0

19. x = u + v, y = u v,

(x, y)
1
v/u, y = uv so, from Example 3,
= ; the boundary curves of the region S in
(u, v)
2u
 






1
1 4 3 2
2
dAuv =
v du dv = 21
uv
the uv-plane are u = 1, u = 3, v = 1, and v = 4 so
2u
2 1 1

20. x =

(x, y)
= 12; S is the region in the uv-plane enclosed by the circle u2 + v 2 = 1.
(u, v)

2
1




2
2
r2 dr d = 96
12 u + v (12) dAuv = 144
Use polar coordinates to obtain

21. x = 3u, y = 4v,

(x, y)
= 2; S is the region in the uv-plane enclosed by the circle u2 + v 2 = 1. Use
(u, v)

2
1



2
2
2
e(4u +4v ) (2) dAuv = 2
re4r dr d = (1 e4 )/2
polar coordinates to obtain

22. x = 2u, y = v,

23. Let S be the region in the uv-plane bounded by u2 + v 2 = 1, so u = 2x, v = 3y,



(x, y)  1/2
0 
=
= 1/6, use polar coordinates to get
x = u/2, y = v/3,
(u, v)  0 1/3 
1
6

1
sin(u + v )du dv =
6
2

/2

r sin r2 dr d =
0

1

( cos r2 ) =
(1 cos 1)
24
24
0

(x, y)
= ab; A = ab
24. u = x/a, v = y/b, x = au, y = bv;
(u, v)
25. x = u/3, y = v/2, z = w,

r dr d = ab
0

(x, y, z)
= 1/6; S is the region in uvw-space enclosed by the sphere
(u, v, w)

u2 + v 2 + w2 = 36 so

u2 1
1
dVuvw =
9 6
54

1
=
54

( sin cos )2 2 sin d d d

0

0
2

4 sin3 cos2 d d d =
0

192

650

Chapter 15

26. Let G1 be the region u2 + v 2 + w2 1, with x = au, y = bv, z = cw,

(x, y, z)
= abc; then use
(u, v, w)

spherical coordinates in uvw-space:

Ix =
(y 2 + z 2 )dx dy dz = abc
(b2 v 2 + c2 w2 ) du dv dw
G

G1
1

abc(b2 sin2 sin2 + c2 cos2 )4 sin d d d

=
0

0
2

=
0

abc 2 2
4
(4b sin + 2c2 )d =
abc(b2 + c2 )
15
15

27. u = = cot1 (x/y), v = r =

28. u = r =


x2 + y 2

x2 + y 2 , v = ( + /2)/ = (1/) tan1 (y/x) + 1/2

3
2
3
1
x y, v = x + y
7
7
7
7

29. u =

4
30. u = x + y, v = y
3

31. Let u = y 4x, v = y + 4x, then x =

1
8

u
1
dAuv =
v
8

u
1 5
du dv = ln
v
4 2

32. Let u = y + x, v = y x, then x =

1

uv dAuv

1
=
2

1
1
(x, y)
1
(v u), y = (v + u) so
= ;
8
2
(u, v)
8

(x, y)
1
1
1
= ;
(u v), y = (u + v) so
2
(u, v)
2
2

uv du dv =
0

33. Let u = x y, v = x + y, then x =

1
2

1
(x, y)
1
1
(v + u), y = (v u) so
= ; the boundary curves of
2
2
(u, v)
2

the region S in the uv-plane are u = 0, v = u, and v = /4; thus

1
sin u
1 /4 v sin u
1
dAuv =
du dv = [ln( 2 + 1) /4]
2
cos v
2 0
2
0 cos v
S

34. Let u = y x, v = y + x, then x =

1
1
(x, y)
1
(v u), y = (u + v) so
= ; the boundary
2
2
(u, v)
2

curves of the region S in the uv-plane are v = u, v = u, v = 1, and v = 4; thus

1
1 4 v u/v
15
u/v
e dAuv =
e du dv =
(e e1 )
2
2 1 v
4
S

35. Let u = y/x, v = x/y 2 , then x = 1/(u2 v), y = 1/(uv) so

S

1
dAuv =
4
u v3

1

1

1
u4 v 3

du dv = 35/256

(x, y)
1
= 4 3;
(u, v)
u v

Exercise Set 15.8

651

(x, y)
= 6; S is the region in the uv-plane enclosed by the circle u2 + v 2 = 1
(u, v)




2
1



(9 x y)dA =
6(9 3u 2v)dAuv = 6
(9 3r cos 2r sin )r dr d = 54
so

36. Let x = 3u, y = 2v,

37. x = u, y = w/u, z = v + w/u,

v2 w
dVuvw =
u

1

(x, y, z)
1
= ;
(u, v, w)
u

v2 w
du dv dw = 2 ln 3
u

38. u = xy, v = yz, w = xz, 1 u 2, 1 v 3, 1 w 4,




1
(x, y, z)
=
x = uw/v, y = uv/w, z = vw/u,
(u, v, w)
2 uvw





2
3
4

dw dv du = 4( 2 1)( 3 1)
V =
dV =
1 2 uvw
1
1
G

39. (b) If x = x(u, v), y = y(u, v) where u = u(x, y), v = v(x, y), then by the chain rule
x u x v
x
x u x v
x
+
=
= 1,
+
=
=0
x
u y
v y
y
u x v x
y
y u y v
y
y u y v
+
=
= 0,
+
=
=1
x
u y
v y
y
u x v x
40. (a)



(x, y)  1 v u 
y
=
= u; u = x + y, v =
,

v
u
(u, v)
x+y



(u, v) 
1
x
y
1
1
1

= ;
=
+
=
2
2 =
y/(x + y) x/(x + y)
(x + y)2
(x + y)2
x+y
u
(x, y)
(u, v) (x, y)
=1
(x, y) (u, v)


(x, y)  v u
(b)
=
(u, v)  0 2v


(u, v)  1/ y
=
0
(x, y)
(c)

41.


(x, y) 
=
(u, v) 

(u, v) 
=
(x, y) 



 = 2v 2 ; u = x/y, v = y,


1
1 (u, v) (x, y)
x/(2y 3/2 ) 

=
= 2;
=1
1/(2 y)  2y
2v (x, y) (u, v)

v 
= 2uv; u = x + y, v = x y,
v 


1/(2 x + y) 1/(2 x + y) 
1 (u, v) (x, y)
1
;
=1
=
= 

2
2
2uv
(x, y) (u, v)
1/(2 x y) 1/(2 x y) 
2 x y
u
u

(u, v)
1 1
(x, y)
= 3xy 4 = 3v so
=
;
(x, y)
(u, v)
3v 3

S

sin u
1
dAuv =
v
3

1

2
sin u
du dv = ln 2
v
3

652

42.

Chapter 15





 (x, y) 
1
1
(x, y)
1
(u, v)
 = xy

= so
= 8xy so
=
; xy 

8xy
(u, v)
8xy
8
(x, y)
(u, v)

16
4



1
1
dAuv =
du dv = 21/8
8 9
8
1
S

43.

1
(x, y)
(u, v)
=
= 2(x2 + y 2 ) so
;
2
(u, v)
2(x + y 2 )
(x, y)


4
4
 (x, y) 
 = x y exy = 1 (x2 y 2 )exy = 1 veu so
(x4 y 4 )exy 

2
(u, v)
2(x + y 2 )
2
2




4
3
1
7
1
veu du dv = (e3 e)
veu dAuv =
4
2
2 3 1
S


 1
(u, v, w) 
44. Set u = x + y + 2z, v = x 2y + z, w = 4x + y + z, then
= 1
(x, y, z)
 4

6
2
3




1
(x, y, z)
du dv dw = 6(4)(12)
= 16
dx dy dz =
V =
(u,
v,
w)
18
6 2 3

1
2
1

2
1
1




 = 18, and



45. (a) Let u = x + y, v = y, then the triangle R with vertices (0, 0), (1, 0) and (0, 1) becomes the
triangle in the uv-plane with vertices (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), and




1
u

1
(x, y)
f (x + y)dA =
f (u)
uf (u) du
dv du =
(u, v)
0
0
0
R

ueu du = (u 1)eu

(b)
0


 cos
(x, y, z) 
=  sin
(r, , z)

0

46. (a)

1
0

=1

r sin
r cos
0


 sin cos
(x, y, z) 
(b)
= sin sin
(, , ) 
cos

0
0
1




 = r,



cos cos
cos sin
sin



 (x, y, z) 


 (r, , z)  = r
sin sin
sin cos
0




 = 2 sin ;



CHAPTER 15 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

3. (a)

dA

(b)

dV

(c)



 (x, y, z) 
2


 (, , )  = sin


1+

2

z
x


+

z
y

2
dA

4. (a) x = a sin cos , y = a sin sin , z = a cos , 0 2, 0

(b) x = a cos , y = a sin , z = z, 0 2, 0 z h


7.
0

1+

1y 2

f (x, y) dx dy
1y 2

2x

8.

6x

f (x, y) dy dx +
0

f (x, y) dy dx
2

Chapter 15 Supplementary Exercises

653

9. (a) (1, 2) = (b, d), (2, 1) = (a, c), so a = 2, b = 1, c = 1, d = 2

1
1




1
1
(x, y)
du dv =
(b)
dA =
3du dv = 3
0
0 (u, v)
0
0
R

10. If 0 < x,y < then 0 < sin xy 1, with equality only on the hyperbola xy = 2 /4, so

0=
0 dy dx <
sin xy dy dx <
1 dy dx = 2
0

2x cos(x2 ) dx =

11.
1/2

x2 y3
e
2

12.
0

1

1
sin(x2 )
= 1/( 2)

1/2

x=2y

3
dy =
2
x=y

2 y3

y e
0

1 3
dy = ey
2


1 8
e 1
2

=
0

2
x y

e e dx dy

13.
0

sin x
dy dx
x

14.

2y

15.

16. p /2

r = a(1 + cos u)

y = sin x

y = tan (x/2)

r=a
x
p/6

y 1/3

x2 sin y 2 dx dy =

17. 2
0

/2

2
3

1
y sin y 2 dy = cos y 2
3

8
=
0

1
(1 cos 64) 0.20271
3

(4 r2 )r dr d = 2

18.
0

2xy
, and r = 2a sin is the circle x2 + (y a)2 = a2 , so
+ y2

a 





2xy
2 x2 ln a
2 x2
dx = a2
dy
dx
=
x
ln
a
+
a
a
x2 + y 2
0

19. sin 2 = 2 sin cos =

a a2 x2

a+ a2 x2

/2

x2

/2

4r2 (cos sin ) r dr d = 4 cos 2

20.
/4

16

r2 cos2 r dz dr d =

21.
0

/2

r4

/2

cos2 d
0

22.
0

=4
/4
2

r3 (16 r4 ) dr = 32
0

1
 /2
2
sin d d d = 1
sin d
1 + 2
4 2 0
/2



( cos )
= 1
= 1
4 2
4 2
0

654

Chapter 15

/3

a
2

/3

3a/2

3a/2

24. (a)

4xx2

/2

(3a2 /4)x2

4xx2

4 cos

0
0
0

3a/2

a2 r 2

r2 dz rdr d =

(3a2 /4)x2
a2 x2 y2

3a/2

(c)

r/ 3

a2 r 2

x2 +y 2 / 3

4 sin3 d d d

(b)

r/ 3

r3 dz dr d

(x2 + y 2 ) dz dy dx

4x

dz dy dx
x2 +y 2

4r cos

r dz dr d

(b)
/2
2

( sin ) sin d d d =

23. (a)

r2

2y/2

25.

dx dy =
(y/2)1/3

/6



 2
3 y 4/3
y y 1/3
y2
3

2
dy = 2y
=
2
2
4
2 2
2
0

cos 3

/6

cos2 3 = /4

r dr d = 3

26. A = 6
0

a/ 3

27. V =
0

3r

a/ 3

r(a

r dz dr d = 2

3r) dr =

a3
9

28. The intersection of the two surfaces projects onto the yz-plane as 2y 2 + z 2 = 1, so

1/2
12y2
1y2
V =4
dx dz dy
0

1/ 2

12y2

y 2 +z 2

2

1/ 2

(1 2y z ) dz dy = 4

=4
0

29. ru rv = 2u2 + 2v 2 + 4,





2
2
S=
2u + 2v + 4 dA =

u2 +v 2 4

30. ru rv =

3u

1 + u2 , S =
0

2
(1 2y 2 )3/2 dy =
3

2
4


8
(3 3 1)
2 r2 + 2 r dr d =
3

1 + u2 dv du =

3u


1 + u2 du = 53/2 1


31. (ru rv ) u=1 = 2, 4, 1 , tangent plane 2x + 4y z = 5
v=2


32. u = 3, v = 0, (ru rv ) u=3 = 18, 0, 3 , tangent plane 6x + z = 9
v=0

2+y 2 /8

y2
8

32
; y = 0 by symmetry;
3
4
4




4
2+y2 /8

4
1 2
256
3 4
3 256
8
8
2+ y
x dx dy =
y dy =
, x
=
= ; centroid
,0
4
128
15
32 15
5
5
4 y 2 /4
4

33. A =

dx dy =

y 2 /4

dy =

Chapter 15 Supplementary Exercises

655

34. A = ab/2, x
= 0 by symmetry,





a
b1x2 /a2
1 a 2
4b
2
2
2
y dy dx =
b (1 x /a )dx = 2ab /3, centroid 0,
2 a
3
a 0
1
35. V = a2 h, x
= y = 0 by symmetry,
3

2
a
hrh/a

a

r 2
rz dz dr d =
rh2 1
dr = a2 h2 /12, centroid (0, 0, h/4)
a
0
0
0
0

256
1
8 4x2 + x4 dx =
,
2
15
2 x2 0
2 x2
2


2

2
4

2
4
4y
1024
1 6
32
x 2x4 +
dx =
y dz dy dx =
(4y y 2 ) dy dx =
3
3
35
2 x2
2
2 x2 0


2
4
4y

2
4

2 6
2048
x
1
32
(4 y)2 dy dx =
dx =
+ 2x4 8x2 +
z dz dy dx =
6
3
105
2 x2 0
2 x2 2
2


12 8
x
= 0 by symmetry, centroid 0, ,
7 7

36. V =

4y

dz dy dx =

(4 y)dy dx =

37. The two quarter-circles with center at the origin and of radius A and 2A lie inside and outside
of the square with corners (0, 0), (A, 0), (A, A), (0, A), so the following inequalities hold:

/2
A

A
A

/2
2A
1
1
1
rdr d
dx dy
rdr d
2
2
2
2
2
(1 + r2 )2
0 (1 + r )
0
0 (1 + x + y )
0
0
0
A2
and the integral on the right equals
4(1 + A2 )

2A2
. Since both of these quantities tend to
as A +, it follows by sandwiching that
4(1 + 2A2 )
4

+
+
1

dx dy = .
2 + y 2 )2
(1
+
x
4
0
0

The integral on the left can be evaluated as

38. The centroid of the circle which generates the tube travels a distance

4 

sin2 t + cos2 t + 1/16 dt = 17, so V = (1/2)2 17 = 17 2 /4.

s=
0

39. (a) Let S1 be the set of points (x, y, z) which satisfy the equation x2/3 + y 2/3 + z 2/3 = a2/3 , and
let S2 be the set of points (x, y, z) where x = a(sin cos )3 , y = a(sin sin )3 , z = a cos3 ,
0 , 0 < 2.
If (x, y, z) is a point of S2 then
x2/3 + y 2/3 + z 2/3 = a2/3 [(sin cos )3 + (sin sin )3 + cos3 ] = a2/3
so (x, y, z) belongs to S1 .
If (x, y, z) is a point of S1 then x2/3 + y 2/3 + z 2/3 = a2/3 . Let
x1 = x1/3 , y1 = y 1/3 , z1 = z 1/3 , a1 = a1/3 . Then x21 + y12 + z12 = a21 , so in spherical coordinates
x1 = a1 sin cos , y1 = a1 sin sin , z1 = a1 cos , with
 
y 1/3
z 1/3
y1
z1
= tan1
, = cos1
= cos1
. Then
= tan1
x1
x
a1
a
x = x31 = a31 (sin cos )3 = a(sin cos )3 , similarly y = a(sin sin )3 , z = a cos so (x, y, z)
belongs to S2 . Thus S1 = S2

656

Chapter 15

(b) Let a = 1 and r = (cos sin )3 i + (sin sin )3 j + cos3 k, then

/2
/2
S=8
r r d d
0

/2

= 72
0

(c)

/2


sin cos sin4 cos cos2 + sin2 sin2 cos2 d d 4.4506


 sin3 cos3 3 sin2 cos cos3 3 sin3 cos2 sin
(x, y, z) 
=
3 sin3 sin2 cos
sin3 sin3 3 sin2 cos sin3
(, , ) 
2
3
cos
3 cos sin
0








= 92 cos2 sin2 cos2 sin5 ,

2

a
4
a3
V =9
2 cos2 sin2 cos2 sin5 d d d =
35
0
0
0
40. V =

3
4 3
a , d =
3
4a3

dV =
a

3
4a3

3 sin d d d =
0

3
a4
3
2(2) = a
3
4a
4
4

41. (a) (x/a)2 +(y/b)2 +(z/c)2 = sin2 cos2 +sin2 sin2 +cos2 = sin2 +cos2 = 1, an ellipsoid
(b) r(, ) = 2 sin cos , 3 sin sin , 4 cos ; r r = 26 sin2 cos , 4 sin2 sin , 3 cos sin ,

r r = 2 16 sin4 + 20 sin4 cos2 + 9 sin2 cos2 ,

2

S=
2 16 sin4 + 20 sin4 cos2 + 9 sin2 cos2 d d 111.5457699
0