Protection, Substation Automation, Power Quality and Measurement

6.2 Protection Systems

Transmission line with reactor (g. 6.2-79) Notes: 1) 51N only applicable with earthed reactor neutral. 2) If phase CTs at the low-voltage reactor side are not available, the high-voltage phase CTs and the CT in the neutral can be connected to a restricted earth-fault protection using one 7VH60 high-impedance relay. General notes: Distance relays are proposed as main 1 and main 2 protection. Duplicated 7SA6 is recommended for series-compensated lines. Operating time of the distance relays is in the range of 15 to 25 ms depending on the particular fault condition. These tripping times are valid for faults in the underreaching distance zone (80 to 85 % of the line length). Remote end faults must be cleared by the superimposed teleprotection scheme. Its overall operating time depends on the signal transmission time of the channel, typically 15 to 20 ms for frequency shift audio-tone PLC or microwave channels, and lower than 10 ms for ON / OFF PLC or digital PCM signaling via optical bers.

Teleprotection schemes based on distance relays therefore have operating times on the order of 25 to 30 ms with digital PCM coded communication. With state-of-the-art two-cycle circuit-breakers, fault clearing times well below 100 ms (4 to 5 cycles) can normally be achieved. Dissimilar carrier schemes are recommended for main 1 and main 2 protection, for example, PUTT, and POTT or Blocking / Unblocking. Both 7SA522 and 7SA6 provide selective 1-pole and / or 3-pole tripping and auto-reclosure. The earth-current directional comparison protection (67N) of the 7SA6 relay uses phase selectors based on symmetrical components. Thus, 1-pole auto-reclosure can also be executed with high-resistance faults. The 67N function of the 7SA522 relay can also be used as time-delayed directional overcurrent backup. The 67N functions are provided as high-impedance fault protection. 67N is often used with an additional channel as a separate carrier scheme. Use of a common channel with distance protection is only possible if the mode is compatible (e.g., POTT with directional comparison). The 67N may be blocked when function 21 / 21N picks up. Alternatively, it can be used as time-delayed backup protection.

6
TC1

CC 52L 52R TC2 CVT 50/50N 51/51N BF 7SJ600

25

59

21/21N

25

21/21N

Reactor

87R 7VH60 2)

79

67N

79

67N 51N 7SJ600 1)

68/79 85

BF

68/79

87 BF, 59 Trip 52L

BF S Direct trip R channel S R S R Channel 2 Channel 3

7SA6

7SA522

To remote line end

Fig. 6.2-79: Transmission line with reactor

304

Siemens Energy Sector Power Engineering Guide Edition 7.0