International Journal of English and Literature (IJEL) ISSN 2249-6912 Vol. 2 Issue 4 Dec - 2012 37-44 TJPRC Pvt.

. Ltd.,

THE WAYS OF ACHIEVING SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT ARE INSCRUTABLE...

BAGDAT KARBOZULY Director, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University, Kazakhstan

ABSTRACT
Prior to the Soviet government Kazakh society had religious and educational thinking, mindset, which has become a huge driving force. The article is written about this doctrine. Their representatives Ishans and Akhuns - have graduated from the leading universities of large cities in Central Asia devoting themselves for serving the people. The article is devoted to the most prominent representative of this religious and educational mindset Kalzhan akhun, his service to the people, educational activities.

KEY WORDS: Education, Literacy, Educational And Religious Mindset, National Consciousness, National Idea,
National Ideology, Muslim Law

INTRODUCTION
The rich spiritual world is a basic characteristic of a developed, prosperous society. The more conscious, qualitative actions the state takes in society, the clearer and brighter will be the future. If you carefully examine the history of the Kazakh society, and if the events, many situations of its birth, development and formation are true, so a fact of importance in strengthening the independence, stability of spiritual outlook and indifferent attitude to the current state is obvious. In this regard, it is important to identify, weigh and allocate the right and wrong sides of the society, the qualitative features of the educational and theoretical aspects, distinguish truth and lie in the philosophical thinking on the phenomena peculiar to the religious and educational system based on the principles of the Islamic religion, which was widespread in the Kazakh society before the Revolution. Academician G.Yessim proved a development of religious and educational mindset in the Kazakh society in four areas: 1. religious and educational mindset in the Kazakh literature: in folklore, epics and poems that took place in all genres and samples of oral and written literature, works of art: mazars, mosques, tombs, etc. 2. 3. 4. direct link between the religious and educational mindset and public education. direct link between the religious and educational mindset and upbringing. widespread use of religious and educational thinking in law (Religious and educational mindset on Syrland. Proceedings of scientific and theoretical conference dedicated to the 230th anniversary of Maral ishan, Almaty, 2010, p.7). Religious and educational mindset, fully embracing the spiritual side of the Kazakh society had a direct influence on the formation of national consciousness, ideas and ideologies. Academician Yessim wrote: On the basis of religious educational thinking the religious thinking was emerged, established and developed. It originates from Al Farabi to Platoon, Aristotle and ends with Abai and Shakarim. And I want to say that creativity and outlook of remarkable poets of the Kazakh people: the very Dospambet, Kaztugan, Shal akyn, Makhambet, Turmaganbet, Zhambyl, Suyunbay and other

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singers of zhyrau are eventually referred to the religious educational mindset formed on the Kazakh land (see above books, page 9). We know from history that the driving force in shaping the society of religious and educational thinking is the land of Syr. The ishans and akhuns being a part of the educated intellectuals devoted themselves to the action of taking a clear position in its national consciousness, life and mode of life by the religious and educational thinking of the Kazakh people before the revolution. Those who lived in the X-XX centuries and got education in such cities as Mecca, Medina, Bagdad, Sham, Ystambul, Cairo, Kabul, Herat, Hiram, Khorezm, Urgenish, Samarkand, Bukhara carried out their activity in the Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Focusing on the chapter of N.Mynzhassov from scientific, historical and informative book Syrdarya of My Motherland is Kazakhstan series, we found out the autobiographical details on some akhuns and ishans lived in the Syrdarya region and analyzed their activities for the service of people during their life (Syrdarya, Astana, publishing house Foliant, 2011, p.139). They are: Said Akhmed Kossani (1461- 1542), Maktum Seyit baba (1590-1663), Kozhan kozha (1595-1676), Madikozha (XVII century), Mussirali sopy aziz (XVII-XVIII), Seytbembet auliye (XVIII-XIX), Maral ishan Kurmanuly (1780-1841), Kulboldy ishan (1785-1860), Orazay ishan Bugybayuly (1809), Sayfnazar akhun (1811-1873), Kalkay ishan (1815-1860), Oraz-Mukhamedzhan akhuyn (1836-1894), Munaytpas bi Lapin (1838-1918), Altaybek akhun (1841-1913), Baymen akhuyn (1846-1916), Tapal akhun (1842-1921, Babay ishan zhunissuly (1857-1937), Kalzhan akhun Bolekbayuly (1857-1916), Zharmukhammed ishan Orazayuly (1858-1919), Sadyk akhun Kadyruly (1860-1937),Akhmet ishan Orazayuly (1861-1927), Maksut ishan (1873-1938), Akmyrza ishan (18821930), Karamolda Mukhamedzhan (1888-1937), Suleymen ishan Yesseyuly (1888-19969) and others. In the book Syrdarya, along with autobiographical data, we have presented their activity in: -assistance in the development of state and its introduction to the world civilization, development of the national culture; -construction of mosques, the education of the country in the spirit of compassion and spirituality; -organization of educational activities, opening of schools, madrassas; -study of history, language, literature, art, philosophy, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and other fields; -advocating treatment and a healthy lifestyle of population; -occupational guidance and settled way of life; -assistance in the social sphere, charity for socially vulnerable segments of population; -promoting religious education and the national movement of the peoples of Central Asia against the colonial rule of the Russian Empire; -organization of educational activities of the Russian education system; -dissemination of manuscripts chanting the classic examples of written literature and folklore heritage in ArabPersian, Turkic languages, and publication of books, etc.;-continuation of work on the Muslim religious upbringing: patriotism, love of truth in terms of the ideological constraints of the Soviet era (Syrdarya, Astana, 2011, publishing house Foliant, p.145). Many of the above-mentioned ishans, akhuns, philosophers, thinkers and mentors are natives of the Syrdarya region. And if you consider the list in the scale of the area, republic, we obtain the entire volumes of books to list the names of representatives of religious and educational direction giving themselves to serving the people of the country.

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However, it should be noted that prior to the October Revolution, and in about X-XX centuries before the October revolution, such important areas as education, health, worldview, independence and freedom of the country, religion, culture of the Kazakh people was in dependence on religious and educational mindset. In this case, we believe that in order to report the truthful sources of history to current and future generations, to further strengthening the country's independence, it is necessary to conduct a thorough scientific study and comprehension of phenomena, theories affecting the spiritual life of the people of the past centuries. Joyful event of the recent time was publications of important scientific papers, articles of outstanding researchers. One of them is a book of a chief mufti Absattar kazhy Derbissali Mosques and madrassas of Kazakhstan - spiritual luminary (IX-XX centures) (Almaty, Aruna, 2009). The book has valuable data, information on the mosques, madrassas existing on the Kazakh land and Islamic scholars, educators and religious leaders worked there. The author writes: There were about 20 mosques and madrassas in the 60s of the XIX century in Turkistan, 56 mosques and madrassas - in 1920. Before the October Revolution 200 of them were under function in the Aktobe region, 78 in the Bukey Khanate, 269 in the Zhetyssu area, 49 in the Zhambyl oblast and 15 mosques and prayers - in the Aulie Ata (the aforementioned works, page 9). As we know there were about 10 mosques and madrassas existed on the famous Syrland. The main ones are: mosques of Ozgent, Aytbay were built in 1878, the mosque of Aktas - in 1884, the mosque of Kazaly - in 1888, the mosque of Babay ishan - in 1892, the mosque of Kozhanazar, the mosque of Tyrzabay Akhun, the mosque of Noghay in Kazaly, the mosque of ishan Azilhan, the mosque of Tileules in Saygandy, the mosque of Tazhimbet in Boghen, the mosque of Altay in Akkol, the mosque of Imankul, Baldik, Oksha ata, Bazar kozha, Kyryk, Aldashbay akhun, Altynkozha in Kyzyltam, the mosques of Orazay ishan, Akhmet ishan, Zharmukhammed ishan, Kalkay ishan, Karamolda, Kozhan kozha, Kulboldy ishan, Kalzhan akhun, Maktum Seyit baba, the mosques of about 20 ishans, Karaboghet of Maral ishan, Baybol, Ishan auly, Kyrghy, Kolantobe, Kysh, Kamyr tobe, the mosque of Makhmut ishan in Zhanakorgan, the mosques of Kanaly, Bazaruly Zhussip kazhy in Kentogay, Sayipnazar akhun, Oraz-Mukhammed akhun, Altaybek akhun, Baymen akhun, Seytpenbet auliye, Mussrali auliye, Karmakshy auliye, Napal akhun, Maksut ishan, Akmyrza ishan, Suleymen ishan, Sadyk akhun, the mosque of Akmeshit in Kyzylorda, the mosques of Aldaberghen ishan, Bassapa ishan, Dauletnazar akhun and others. In this list we do not list the mosques razed to the ground and existed in the X-XII centuries. As a result, we came to the conclusion: if the country had more than 2000 mosques and madrassas during the Soviet era, and if they had trained the local people to the basics of literacy or they continued education, so the fact of refutation of the data that only 2% of the population before the Soviet power was literate is obvious? Not to mention the other, much evidence that most of the Kazakhs in the land of Syr was literate before the revolution could be found. We have love letters of young people written in Arabic letters in Arabic language. The works of S.Toraygyrov Kamar Sulu, B.Maylin Shuganyn Belghissi can serve as the proof examples of these traditional Husni letters. And what about creative improvisers of Syrland that appeared in the written tradition of aitys in the Kazakh literature? If the level of literacy and education rose to the level of the traditional genre, so both the fact of political deception and the fact of refutation that only 2% of the Kazakhs were literate before the October Revolution are obvious as well? As far as the issue of anti-literacy, it is necessary to go back to the above ishans and akhuns who were trained and received the highest degree in the Central Asia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Egypt, India and other countries and taught in mosques and madrassas. Of course, they were representatives of the religious and educational currents of society. As

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recently written and said, basic knowledge of the world by the religious representatives served to strengthening, the formation of the Kazakh Islam is based on the philosophy of the monks. In general based on the presentation of the great Yassaui on the Kazakh-Turkish Islam My Hikmets is the value of the Koran who formulated the new improved model of the Turkic world, we need to know not only the brilliant way in the poetry of monks, in literature and art, but also guided by this in our life. The way of Yassawi based on the theory of imam Maturudi on Akayda and theories of imam agzam Abu Hanif on Fichte is a mirror of the Muslim consciousness experienced by the true Turkish culture and widespread among the Turkic people (D.Kenzhetay. Yassayi way is a support of our religion and spirit. Yeghemen Kazakhstan, September 28, 2011). If the words that the way of Yassawi is a solid foundation of religion and knowledge (Eghemendy Kazakstan) of traditional Kazakh Muslim world based on the philosophy of monasticism are obvious, so relatively to the chosen path of agzam Aby Hanifa, one can say that it is possible fact that each of them originates from the ancient ages of human history. For example, elements of monks world before Islam existed before that time. By the way, there are the philosopher-scientists opinions relatively to abstract thinking, intuition, opinion of Plato on the formation of the genius outlook of monks. Abu Hanifas theory also underwent many tests on the way of entry into the consciousness of Kazakhs. For the purpose of unity the Muslim, the religion scholars such as Bedaui, Razi who systematised a theory of the Koran and took it as a base, the well-known theorists of hadist teaching Bukhari and imam Tarisi; imam Maturidi, Ashari who laid the basis of religion of akida; Abu Hanif, Abu Yusuf, Marginani who shaped science of fakih shariat, tasuufs - if the eminent educators Yussuf Hamadini, Kozha Akhmet Yassawi who guided by Koran and its sunets, entirely codified religion of Islam (D.Kydyrali The Way of Spiritual Renaissance, Yeghemen Kazakhstan, September 28, 2011), they would serve as the primary source of religious and educational movement that took place in the X-XX centuries on the Kazakh land. In that case, we'll be right if we name the above theories of religious education teachers, the theories of these geniuses followed the theory of Abu Hanif, the ways of training and education of A.Yassaui and become philosophers of their time and religious scholars. As people gained the knowledge from such brilliant mentors-educators with great wealth of contemporary character knowledge and trained in humanistic, progressive spirit can be illiterate? Establishment of religious and educational course in all the countries of East and Central Asia and the presence of the Kazakh people such a deep history is very important to his past and present life. To tell you the truth, before the October Revolution the people of Kazakhstan, a survivor of the patriarchal clan feudal society, initially does not recognize the Bolshevik system because of the only reason - the influence of strong foundations of the Muslim principles on our religious mindset and the religious and educational trends based on them. It is quite obvious that the coming of religious leaders being at the head of the national liberation uprising affected the Kazakh land of early XX century is not accidental. We can cite as examples of the Syrland revolts led by Maral ishan, Akmyrza ishan. Leafing individual the pages of history, it is impossible not to remember the bloodshed of deceased ancestors who participated in the national liberation revolt. If you recognize that religious educators were involved in the uprising along with the heroes of the rebels, the search for information about their life, making public, the perpetuation of their memory for the sake of the story is unquestionably true... Great independence. Arguing in this regard, it is clear that we have to mention the religious and educational theory and thinking of the Kazakh society. However, the religious education theory has played a leading role not only in

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education but in all areas of public life and the consciousness of the people in the history of Kazakh land before the October Revolution, and we still can not fully say that we got our independence in not easy way. It should be noted that about 100 mosques and madrassas not only taught literacy on the Syrland before the October Revolution, but they had a great system promoting the development of civil status and look. There are many cases even before the October Revolution when the mosque-madrassas taught not only religious doctrines, science, social subjects but also Russian. This fact shows that the mosques and madrassas of religious and educational areas with the progressive nature in the peoples life was the driving force of society. And what about our fellow countrymen who became great statesmen, public figures after finishing such mosque-madrassas? Thus, speaking on independence and discussing its history, we can not ignore the religious and educational theory which is designated as contribution to the development of the Kazakh society and its representatives, their identity and services to the people. On the contrary, today such areas of science as history, philosophy, sociology, pedagogy and others will solve many of the problems regarding the theory and history of our Kazakh spiritual outlook. And most importantly, we are satisfied with the fact that there is evidence of non-dried up spirit of independence and dream of people on the path of national liberation and freedom. The Syrland is under many events in this area. An example of commemorating historical figures is a scientifictheoretical conference on Religious and educational thinking on the Syrland held under the direction of scientists of the Korkyt Ata State University to the 230th anniversary of Maran ishan Kurmanuly (October 29, 2010). New information about his religious education and national activities was widely reported there. Most opinions and thoughts were devoted to religious educational thinking completely swept the Kazakh society before the Revolution and the details of this unique system. It was also spoken of the need to diversify the study of religious and educational thinking which became the spiritual content and the driving force of society and life activity and merit of scholars and educators to the people. The conference adopted the following proposals: 1. To note the importance of the conference in the education of the young generation in the spirit of patriotism, the need for a new interpretation of the history of country and a new path blazed by the country. 2. To turn the process of educational awareness in the Syrland to the objective research in such areas as philosophy of science, history, science, theology, literature, art history, cultural studies, political science. Find ways to fund the state, businesses and institutions development through scientific capacity and capability of the Korkyt Ata KSU. 3. To announce a competition of survey research papers and organize creative teams, to promote independent study students of the materials completely covering all facets of the Maral ishan Kurmanuly with historical and political events of the Kazakh society in his life activity years, and further in-depth study by the inclusion in the list of topics of the theses. 4. It would be great if it became a tradition to hold scientific conferences based on the Korkyt Ata KSU dedicated to the great son of the Kazakh people Maral Yishan Kurmanuly once in 5 years, the expansion of applications, the conversion of such activities in the everyday one, the introduction of new data in science, recapitulation of studies.

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On this basis, it is particularly pleased to note that such conference dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Kalzhan akhun will be held in the Syrdarya region in 2012. Moreover this year will be celebrated as a year of Kalzhan akhun and his religious teaching, mentoring and research activities, as well as publishing books. During preparation for the conference the scientists of the research institute Korkytstudies at the Korkyt Ata KSU conduct research on translation works from Arabic, Persian, and old-shagatay language into Kazakh language manuscripts, poems, texts of Kalzhan akhun. Our goal is to complete information about the biography of Kalzhan akhun, to carry out a comprehensive analysis of his teaching, religious education and at the same time to elaborate on the status of mosques and madrassas, education, religious and educational thinking, goals and directions to be followed by ishans and akhuns in learning, types of training programs and teaching materials used in the classroom. And our activities are not ineffectual. We first learned of the activities of the intelligentsia in the name of the country, about religion, about the state of religious education, political and social issues through the works of Kalzhan akhun and books read and used by him.

CONCLUSIONS
We have learned from these manuscripts that Kalzhan akhun was a cultural, intelligent man of his time encouraging the country and the people to acquire knowledge, to study culture, to sedentary lifestyle, learning to live under shariat laws, to entry into Islam, to teaching the natural cycle of mathematics, chemistry, and biology along with religious objects in mosques and madrassas. He tried to explain students the laws of time, to solve the complex life contentious issues in the relationship between people following the laws of shariat. It can be seen from the manuscripts that Kalzhan akhun is the founder of the philosophy of the monks with cognitive side. He is a Muslim of the religious direction of agzam imam Abu Hanifa, an instructor who raised a Muslim of Turkic type, a social scientist, a leading intellectual of his time, a philosopher who led the nation to future through education. We would like to say to the thoughtful reader that the manuscripst of Kalzhan akhun deal with issues such as sacrifice, charity by gold and silver jewelry, syntax, marriage, divorce, adultery, inheritance, kinship, grammar, noncompliance of some grammatical rules in poetry, violation of their rhetoric, comparison in verse, the fee for oats and corn, the returns tributes units, prayer ceremony, fikh issues, wedding gifts (mahr) and divorce (talaq), slaughter by Islamic law (halal), a specific place and the case of slaughter, strengthening relationships, reward mortals for merit, inheritance of shares, trading, selling and buying, live cattle trade, share of inheritance between relatives, posthumous memorial of the deceased person, the definition of sacrifice by type of livestock, reading prayers with the imam, the prayer ritual during bleeding, the ritual of washing the feet when wearing shoes (myassi), prayer, worship to God in prayer, rukuh, terms of use of toilet, maintaining the shariat, oraza (post), post in Ramadan, ki-rat in prayer, failure to prayer, war, rise of the Prophet Paygambar to mirage, Arabic grammar, etc. As is apparent from the above data, Kalzhan akhun was a teacher, educator, social worker, religious educator of his time. Further there are the excerpts from the translation of the text. Grammar of the Arabic Language Arabic language is divided into sarf and nafu. Sarf (morphology) studis the words and their forms. In Arabic the pronouns are derived from words. Arabic verbs are composed of three letters, sometimes four, and five-letter words are found. In order to find a meaning of the word, you first need to find its root. For example, the roots of the words book and writer are the same, for example: keteba - kitap, kutubun, katibun, maktabun. To find meaning in Arabic dictionary it is firstly necessary to know the root of the word. For example: a teacher, scientist, science, the root of the word is education.

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Strengthening Family Ties Relatives are as the branches of the tree. They grow up together, bring up together and become adult together from the same root. Therefore, their relationship can not be interrupted because of money or live cattle. That person who is indifferent to his relatives needs, is indifferent to others. The elders stay at the rights of parents and they are to be honored. The Prophet Paygambar ordered: Give equal rights of the elder brothers with rights of parents. Divorce Accordingly to the Muslim law a couple is permitted to be divorced taking into account the fact that they can be mistaken under choice of each other and in some cases there can be at variance. However, Prophet Paygambar warns that: Allakh dislikes such things. Divorce is called talaq by Muslim law. There are some features of divorce: 1. 2. 3. 4. Its a sin to divorce without following the requirements of Koran and sunnet. Its a sin to divorce with woman having no demerits and fault in her behavior and actions. Its a sin to divorce with woman who is close to hard drinking and gambling. Its a duty to divorce with a woman who makes the unworthy things in their family life, neglecting the religious matters. 5. The couple takes a decision to be divorced in a case of a lack of love. Accordingly to the Muslim law, a man is given to make a talaq because his psychology is different from a womans one by his specific balance and confidence in taking decisions. The goal of talaq is to reconcile a couple because the best thing for a man to divorce is to say talaq three times. After divorce a couple has three chances to be reconciled. The last term for saying talaq is 3 months. About Heritage According to Muslim law, each member is entitled to a share of the inheritance. If the deceased person is the heirchild, then he is owed two-thirds share. Sons are entitled to inherit twice more than the wives and daughters. But if the heir is a girl, she rightfully owns a half of the inheritance. Muslim court decides to entrust the inheritance of children in very good hands as long as the children reach adulthood. Inheritance is given to children who are over the age of majority. This was set out in the Koran as follows: Do not trust the property of orphans to wicked people, but rather give them, even if they didnt reach full age. Feed them, clothe them and treat them kindly. Patronize them until they express desire to marry. If you see that they have grown up, give them their property - (inheritance). Fearing that they are older, do not spend their property. If the deceased person has no children but has a mother and father, then his wife is owned to one third of his estate. If the deceased has brothers and sisters, then the wife gets half of the inheritance. If the deceased has no children, no parents, then his wife gets one-fourth of the estate. If the deceased has a lot of relatives, then they get one-third of the estate. And if the deceased left a daughter, the daughter gets one-third of the inheritance, and the rest is given to orphans, widows and the poor and needy. As we can see from the above-said, there's nothing wrong that would lead to harm and changes of people. There is nothing. On the contrary, we see evidence that Kalzhan akhun was a great ideologue, educator engaged in teaching activities. He followed the path of a true Muslim adhering to the rules of shariat.

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In that case we should follow the example of Kalzhan akhuns life. Our goal is the all-round study of religious and educational ideology of the Syrland, teaching the real history to the present and future generations for the benefit of the people.

REFERENCES
1. Religious and educational mindset on Syrland. Proceedings of scientific and theoretical conference dedicated to the 230th anniversary of Maral ishan, Almaty, 2010, p.7 2. 3. Syrdarya, Astana, publishing house Foliant, 2011, p.139 Absattar kazhy Derbissali. Mosques and madrassas of Kazakhstan - spiritual luminary (IX-XX centures), Almaty, Aruna, 2009 4. 5. D.Kenzhetay. Yassayi way is a support of our religion and spirit. Yeghemen Kazakhstan, September 28, 2011 D.Kydyrali. The Way of Spiritual Renaissance, Yeghemen Kazakhstan, September 28, 2011