Math Set1 SectionA Delhi Merged

CBSE Math XII Board Paper SET 1 (Delhi)
MATHEMATICS

Time allowed : 3 hours] [Maximum marks : 100

i. All questions are compulsory.

ii. The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three sections A, B
and C. Section A comprises of 10 questions of one mark each, Section B
comprises of 12 questions of four marks each, and Section C comprises of 7
questions of six marks each.

iii. All questions in section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as
per the exact requirements of the question.

iv. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4
questions of four marks each and 2 questions of six marks each. You have to
attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.

v. Use of calculators is not permitted.


1. State the reason for the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)}
not to be transitive.

Solution:
It is known that a relation R in a set A is transitive if (a
1
, a
2
) eR and (a
2
, a
3
) e R
(a
1
, a
3
) e R a
1
, a
2
, a
3
e A.
It can be observed that (1, 2), (2, 1) e R, but (1,1) e R.
Thus, the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} is not transitive.

2. Write the value of
1
1
sin sin
3 2
( | |

| (
\ .

Solution:
1
1
1
1
sin sin
3 2
1
Let sin
2
1
sin
2

sin sin sin sin 2
6 6 6
2
6
1
sin sin sin 2
3 2 3 6
9 9
sin sin
6 6
3
sin sin
2 2
x
x
x
x
( | |
| (
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
=
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
=
( | | (
= +
| ( (
\ .
( (
= =
( (

( |
= = +
(

sin 1
2
|
= + =
|
\ .

Thus, the value of the given expression is 1.

3. For a 2 2 matrix, A = [a
ij
] whose elements are given by
ij
i
a
j
= , write the value of
a
12
.

Solution:
Any element in the i
th
row and j
th
column is
ij
i
a
j
=
For a
12
, the value of i = 1 and j = 2.

12
1
2
a =
Thus, the value of a
12
is
1
2
.

4. For what value of x, the matrix
5 1
2 4
x x + (
(

is singular?

Solution:
The matrix
5 1
2 4
x x
A
+ (
=
(

is singular
( ) ( )
0
5 1
0
2 4
4 5 2 1 0
20 4 2 2 0
6 18
18
3
6
A
x x
x x
x x
x
x
=
+
=
+ =
=
=
= =

Thus, the required value of x is 3.

5. Write A
1
for
2 5
1 3
A
(
=
(

Solution:
( )
( ) ( )
1
1
2 5
A
1 3
3 5
1
A
1 2 det A
3 5
1
1 2 2 3 1 5
3 5
1
1 2 6 5
3 5
A
1 2
(
=
(

(
=
(

(
=
(

(
=
(

(
=
(


6. Write the value of ( ) sec sec tan x x x dx +
}

Solution:

} secx (secx + tanx) dx
= }(sec
2
x + secx tanx)dx
= }sec
2
x dx + }secx tanx dx
= tanx + secx + c , where c is an arbitrary constant

7. Write the value of
2
16
dx
x +
}

Solution:
2
2 2
16
4
dx
x
dx
x
+
=
+
}
}

1
1
tan
4 4
x
C
| |
= +
|
\ .
, where C is the arbitrary constant

8. For what value of a the vectors

2 3 4 i j k + and

6 8 ai j k + are collinear?

Solution:
Two vectors x and y are collinear if x y = , where is a constant.
It is given that

2 3 4 and 6 8 i j k ai j k + + are collinear.
( )

2 3 4 6 8 i j k ai j k + = + for some constant .
2 , 3 6 , 4 8
1
3 6 or 4 8 gives
2
a

= = =
= = =

Now, 2 = a
1
2
2
4
a
a
=
=

Thus, the value of a is 4.

9. Write the direction cosines of the vector

2 5 i j k + .

Solution 9:
The given vector is

2 5 i j k + .

The direction cosines of the given vector is given by
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 5
, ,
2 1 5 2 1 5 2 1 5
| |

|
|
|
+ + + + + +
\ .

2 1 5
, ,
30 30 30
| |
=
|
\ .

10. Write the intercept cut off by the plane 2x + y z = 5 on x-axis.

Solution:
( ) 2 5 ... 1 x y z + =
Dividing both sides of the equation (1) by 5, we obtain
( )
2
1
5 5 5
1 ... 2
5
5 5
2
y z
x
x y z
+ =
+ + =

It is known that the equation of a plane in intercept form is 1
x y z
a b c
+ + = , where a, b
and c are the intercepts cut off by the plane at x, y, and z- axes respectively.

Therefore, for the given equation,
5
, 5, and 5
2
a b c = = =

Thus, the intercept cut off by the given plane on the x-axis is
5
.
2

MATHEMATICS



ii. The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three sections A, B
and C. Section A comprises of 10 questions of one mark each, Section B
comprises of 12 questions of four marks each, and Section C comprises of 7
questions of six marks each.

iii. All questions in section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as
per the exact requirements of the question.

iv. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4
questions of four marks each and 2 questions of six marks each. You have to
attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.


SECTION B

Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.

11. Consider the binary operation * on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a * b = min.
{a, b}. Write the operation table of the operation *.

Solution:
The binary operation - on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is defined by a - b = min {a, b}

1 - 1 = min {1, 1} = 1
1 - 2 = min {1, 2} = 1
2 - 3 = min {2, 3} = 2
4 - 5 = min {4, 5} = 4

The operation table for the given operation - on the given set can be written as:

- 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 3 3
4 1 2 3 4 4
5 1 2 3 4 5

12. Prove the following:

1
1 sin 1 sin
cot , 0,
2 4 1 sin 1 sin
x x x
x
x x
(
+ + | |
= e
| (
\ . +

OR

Find the value of
1 1
tan tan
x x y
y x y

| | | |
| |
+
\ . \ .

Solution:

2
2 2
2
2 2
1 sin cos sin 2sin cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 sin cos sin 2sin cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x
| |
+ = + + = +
|
\ .
| |
= + =
|
\ .

1
2 2
1
2 2
1
1 sin 1 sin
cot
1 sin 1 sin
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2
cot
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2
cot
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
(
+ +
(
+

(
| | | |
( + +
| |
\ . \ . (
=
(
| | | |
(
+
| |
(
\ . \ .

| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .
=
| |
+
|
\ .
1
1
2
2cos
2
cot
2sin
2
cot cot
2
2
x
x
x
x
x
(
(
(
| |
(
|
(
\ .
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
=

Thus, the result is proved.

OR

( )
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1
tan tan
1
tan tan
1
1
tan tan tan tan tan
1
1 1
tan tan tan 1
tan
x x y
y x y
x
x y
x
y
y
x
x a b y
a b
x
y ab
y
x x
y y
x

| | | |
| |
+
\ . \ .
| |
|
| |
| =
|
| \ .
+
|
\ .
| |
|
| | | | | |
| = =
| | |
+
\ . | \ . \ .
+
|
\ .
( | | | |
=
( | |
\ . \ .
=
1 1
1
tan tan 1
tan 1
4
x
y y

| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
=
=

Thus, the value of the given expression is
.
4

13. Using properties of determinants, prove that

2
2 2 2 2
2
4
a ab ac
ba b bc a b c
ca cb c

Solution:

| |
| |
2
2
1 2 3
2 2 2
1 2 3
Taking out factors , , from R , R , and R respectively
1 1 1
1 1 1 Taking out factors , , from C , C , and C respectively
1 1 1
a ab ac
ba b bc
ca cb c
a b c
abc a b c a b c
a b c
a b c a b c
2
A =

Applying R
2
R
2
+ R
1
and R
3
R
3
+ R
1
, we have:

( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 2
0 2 0
0 2
1
2 0
0 4 4
a b c
a b c
a b c a b c
A =
=
= =

Hence, the result is proved.

14. Find the value of a for which the function f defined as

( )
( )
3
sin 1 , 0
2
tan sin
, 0
a x x
f x
x x
x
x
+ s
>

is continuous at x = 0

Solution:
The given function f is defined as
( )
( )
3
sin 1 , 0
2
tan sin
, 0
a x x
f x
x x
x
x
+ s
>

The given function is defined for all real numbers.
By, definition, f is continuous at x = 0, if ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
lim lim 0
x x
f x f x f
+

= =
( ) ( )
0 0

lim lim sin 1 sin
2 2
x x
f x a x a a

(
= + = =
(

( )
3
0 0
3
0
3
0
2
3
0
2
0 0 0
0
2
tan sin
lim lim
sin
sin
cos
lim
sin 1 cos
lim
cos
sin 2sin
2
lim
cos
sin
1 sin
2
2lim lim lim
cos
sin
1
2
2 1 1 lim
4
2
1
2 1 1 1
4
1
2
x x
x
x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x
x x x
x
x
+

=
(
(
=
(
(

(
(
=
(
(

=
=

Now, ( ) ( )

0 sin 0 1 sin 1
2 2
f a a a a = + = = =
Since f is continuous at x = 0, ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
lim lim 0
x x
f x f x f
+

= =
1
2
a =

Thus, for
1
2
a = , the given function f is continuous at x = 0.

15. Differentiate
2
cos
2
1
1
x x
x
x
x
+
+
w.r.t. x

OR

If x = a (u sinu), y = a (1 + cosu), find
2
2
d y
dx


Solution:
2
cos
2
1
1
x x
x
x
x
+
+

Let y = x
xcosx
and
2
2
1
1
x
z
x
+
=

y = x
xcosx

Taking log of both sides:
( )
cos
log log
log cos log
x x
y x
y x x x
=
=

Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) { }
( ) { } ( )
cos
1 1
cos log cos
1
cos log cos sin
cos log cos sin
cos log cos sin ... 1
x x
dy d
x x x x x
y dx x dx
dy
x x x x x
y dx
dy
y x x x x x
dx
dy
x x x x x x
dx
= +
= +
= +
= +

2
2
1
1
x
z
x
+
=

Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 2
2 1
1
1
2 2
1
1
1
2 1
1
1 1
2 2
1 1
4
1
4
... 2
1
dz d x
dx dx x
d d
x x
x dx dx x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
x
dz x
dx
x
| | +
=
|
\ .
| |
= + + +
|

\ .

= + +
`

)
= +

+
=
`

)
| |
=
|
\ .

On adding (1) and (2):
( ) { }
( )
( ) { }
( )
cos
2
2
2
cos cos
2 2
2
4
cos log cos sin
1
1 4
cos log cos sin
1
1
x x
x x x x
dy dz x
x x x x x x
dx dx
x
d x x
x x x x x x x
dx x
x
+ = +
+
+ = +
`
)

OR

( ) ( ) sin , 1 cos x a y a u u u = = +
On differentiating x and y with respect to u, it is obtained:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1 cos ... 1
and 0 sin
sin .. 2
dx
a
d
dy
a
d
dy
a
d
u
u
u
u
u
u
=
=
=

Dividing equation (2) by equation (1), we obtain:
( )
2
2
sin
1 cos
sin
1 cos
2sin cos
2 2
1 1 2sin
2
2sin cos
2 2
2sin
2
cos
2
sin
2
cot
2
dy
a d
dx a
d
dy d
d dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
u u
u
u
u u
u u
u u
u
u u
u
u
u
u
| |
|

\ .
=
| |
|
\ .
=
| |

|
\ .
=
=

On differentiating again with respect to x, we obtain:
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
1
cosec
2 2
1 1
cosec
2 2
1 1
cosec
2 2 1 cos
cosec
2
2 1 cos
cosec
2
2 2sin
2
1
.cosec
4 2
d y d
dx dx
dx
d
d y
dx a
a
a
a
u u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
| |
=
|
\ .
=
| |
|
\ .
=
=
=

16. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm
3
/s. The falling sand forms a cone
on the ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the
radius of the base. How fast is the height of the sand cone increasing when the height
is 4 cm?

OR

Find the points on the curve x
2
+ y
2
2x 3 = 0 at which the tangents are parallel to x-
axis.

Solution:

The volume (V) of a cone with radius (r) and height (h) is given by,
2
1
3
V r h =
It is given that,
1
6
6
h r r h = =
( )
2
3
1
6 12
3
V h h h = =
The rate of change of the volume with respect to time (t) is given by,
( )
3
12
dV d dh
h
dt dh dt
= [By chain rule]

( )
2
2
12 3
36
dh
h
dt
dh
h
dt
=
=

It is also given that
3
12 cm / s
dV
dt
= .
Therefore, when h = 4 cm, we have:
( )
( )
2
12 36 4
12 1
36 16 48
dh
dt
dh
dt
=
= =

Hence, when the height of the sand cone is 4 cm, its height is increasing at the rate
of
1
cm/s
48
.

OR

Let ( ) P , x y be any point on the given curve x
2
+ y
2
2x 3 = 0.
Tangent to the curve at the point (x, y) is given by
dy
dx
.
Differentiating the equation of the curve on both the sides with respect to x, we get
2 2 2 0
2 2 1
2
dy
x y
dx
dy x x
dx y y
+ =

= =

Let ( )
1 1
P , x y be the point on the given curve at which the tangents are parallel to the
x-axis.
( )
1 1
,
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1 0
1
x y
dy
dx
x
y
x
x
(
=
(
=
=
=

When x
1
= 1,
( )
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1 2 1 3 0
4 0
4
2
y
y
y
y
+ =
=
=
=

So, the required points are (1, 2) and (1, 2).

Thus, the points on the given curve at which the tangents are parallel to x-axis are (1,
2) and (1, 2).

17. Evaluate:
2
5 3
4 10
x
dx
x x
+
+ +
}

OR

Evaluate:
( )( )
2 2
2
1 3
x
dx
x x + +
}

Solution:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
1 2
1
2
5 3
4 10
5 3 4 10
5 3 2 4
5 3 2 4
2 5 and 4 3
5
2
5
4 3
2
10 3
3 10 7
5
2 4 7
5 3
2
4 10 4 10
5 2 4
7
2
4 10 4 10
5
7 ... 1
2
2 4
4
x
x x
d
x A x x B
dx
x A x B
x Ax A B
A A B
A
B
B
B
x
x
dx
x x x x
x dx
dx
x x x x
I I
x
I
x
+
+ +
+ = + + +
+ = + +
+ = + +
= + =
=
| |
+ =
|
\ .
+ =
= =
+
+
=
+ + + +
+
=
+ + + +
=
+
=
+
}
} }
} }
10
dx
x +
}

Put x
2
+ 4x + 10 = z
2
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
1
2
1 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
2
2 4 2
2
2 C
2 4 10 C
4 10
4 4 6
2 6
log 2 2 6 C
log 2 4 10 C
Substituting the values of and in equation (1), it is obtained:
5
2 4 10
2
x dx zdz
zdz
I
z
z
I x x
dx
I
x x
dx
x x
dx
x
x x
x x x
I I
I x x
+ =
=
= +
= + + +
=
+ +
=
+ + +
=
+ +
= + + + + +
= + + + + +
= + +
}
}
}
}
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1 2
2 2
1 2
C 7 log 2 4 10 C
5 4 10 7log 2 4 10 C
5
Where C C 7C
2
x x x
x x x x x
+ + + + + +
= + + + + + + +
=

OR

( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
1 3
Put
2
1 3
1
1 3 1 3
1 3 1
x
I dx
x x
x z
xdx dz
dz
z z
A B
z z z z
A z B z
=
+ +
=
=
=
+ +
= +
+ + + +
= + + +
}
}

Putting z = 3, it is obtained:
1 2
1
2
B
B
=
=

Putting z = 1, it is obtained:
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
1
2
1
1
1 2
2
1 3 1 3
1 1
1 3 2 1 2 3
1 1
log 1 log 3 C
2 2
2 1 1
log 1 log 3 C
2 2 1 3
A
A
z z z z
dz dz dz
z z z z
z z
xdx
x x
x x
=
=
| |
|
\ .
= +
+ + + +
=
+ + + +
= + + +
= + + +
+ +
} } }
}

18. Solve the following differential equation:
e
x
tan y dx + (1 e
x
) sec
2
y dy = 0

Solution:
The given differential equation is:
e
x
tan y dx + (1 e
x
) sec
2
y dy = 0
(e
x
1) sec
2
y dy = e
x
tan y dx
2
sec
tan
1
x
x
y e
dy dx
y
e
=

On integrating on both sides, we get

2
sec
. ...(i)
tan
1
x
x
y e
dy dx
y
e
=
} }

2
sec
tan
y
dy
y
}

Put tan y = u
sec
2
y dy = du
2
sec
tan
y du
dy
y u
=
} }
= log |u| = log tan y (ii)

1
x
x
e
dx
e
}

Put e
x
1 = v
e
x
dx = dv
1
x
x
e dv
dx
v
e
=
} }

= log v
= log (e
x
1) (iii)
Form (i), (ii) and (iii), we obtain:
log tan y = log (e
x
1) + log C
log tan y = log C (e
x
1)
tan y = C (e
x
1)

Thus, the solution of the given differential equation is tan y = C (e
x
1).

19. Solve the following differential equation:
2

cos tan 0
2
dy
x y x x
dx
| |
+ = s <
|
\ .

Solution:
The given differential equation is:
2
2 2
cos tan
sec sec tan
dy
x y x
dx
dy
x y x x
dx
+ =
+ =

This equation is in the form of:
2
2 2
sec
tan
(where sec and sec tan )
Now, I.F .
pdx xdx
x
dy
py Q p x Q x x
dx
e e e
+ = = =
} }
= = =

The general solution of the given differential equation is given by the relation,

( ) ( )
( )
( )
tan tan 2
2
2
I.F. Q I.F. C
sec tan C ... 1
Let tan .
tan
sec
sec
x x
y dx
y e e x x dx
x t
d dt
x
dx dx
dt
x
dx
x dx dt
= +
= +
=
=
=
=
}
}

Therefore, equation (1) becomes:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
tan
tan
tan
tan
tan
tan
tan tan
tan
1
tan 1
tan 1 ,where is an arbitrary constant.
x t
x t
x t t
x t t
x t t
x t
x x
x
y e e t dt C
y e t e dt C
d
y e t e dt t e dt dt C
dt
y e t e e dt C
y e t e e C
ye t e C
ye x e C
y x Ce C
= +
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
= +
= +
= +
= +
= +
}
}
} } }
}

20. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vector a b + and a b , where

3 2 2 a i j k = + + and

2 2 b i j k = + .

Solution:
We have,

3 2 2 a i j k = + + and

2 2 b i j k = +
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2

4 4 , 2 4

4 4 0 16 16 8 16 16 8
2 0 4
16 16 8
2 8 2 8 8
8 2 2 1 8 9 8 3 24
a b i j a b i k
i j k
a b a b i j k i j k
a b a b
+ = + = +
+ = = + =
+ = + +
= + +
= + + = = =

Hence, the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors a b + and a b is given by
the expression,
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

16 16 8 2 2 2 2 1

24 3 3 3 3
a b a b
i j k i j k
i j k
a b a b
+

= = =
+

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
2
1 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
2
1
2 4 2
2
2 C
2 4 10 C
4 10
4 4 6
2 6
log 2 2 6 C
log 2 4 10 C
Substituting the values of and in equation (1), we obtain:
5
2 4 10 C 7
2
x dx zdz
zdz
I
z
z
I x x
dx
I
x x
dx
x x
dx
x
x x
x x x
I I
I x x
+ =
=
= +
= + + +
=
+ +
=
+ + +
=
+ +
= + + + + +
= + + + + +
= + + +
}
}
}
}
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1 2
log 2 4 10 C
5 4 10 7log 2 4 10 C
5
Where C C 7C
2
x x x
x x x x x
+ + + + +
= + + + + + + +
=

OR

( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
1 3
Put
2
1 3
1
1 3 1 3
1 3 1
x
I dx
x x
x z
xdx dz
dz
z z
A B
z z z z
A z B z
=
+ +
=
=
=
+ +
= +
+ + + +
= + + +
}
}

Putting z = 3, we obtain:
1 2
1
2
B
B
=
=

Putting z = 1, we obtain:
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
1
2
1
1
1 2
2
1 3 1 3
1 1
1 3 2 1 2 3
1 1
log 1 log 3 C
2 2
2 1 1
log 1 log 3 C
2 2 1 3
A
A
z z z z
dz dz dz
z z z z
z z
xdx
x x
x x
=
=
| |
|
\ .
= +
+ + + +
=
+ + + +
= + + +
= + + +
+ +
} } }
}

21. Find the angle between the following pair of lines:
2 1 3
2 7 3
x y z + +
= =

and
2 2 8 5
1 4 4
x y z +
= =

and check whether the lines are parallel or perpendicular.

Solution:
Let
1
b and
2
b be the vectors parallel to the pair of lines,
2 1 3 2 2 8 5
and
2 7 3 1 4 4
x y z x y z + + +
= = = =

, respectively.
2 1 3
Now,
2 7 3
2 1 3
2 7 3
x y z
x y z
+ +
= =

+
= =

2 2 8 5
1 4 4
2 4 5
1 2 4
x y z
x y z
+
= =
+
= =

1

2 7 3 b i j k = + and
2

2 4 b i j k = + +
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
2 2 2
2
1 2
2 7 3 62
1 2 4 21

2 7 3 2 4
2 1 7 2 3 4
2 14 12
0
b
b
b b i j k i j k
= + + =
= + + =
= + + +
= + +
= +
=

The angle, Q, between the given pair of lines is given by the relation,
( )
1 2
1 2
1
cos
0
cos 0
62 21
cos 0
2
b b
Q
b b
Q
Q

=
= =
= =

Thus, the given lines are perpendicular to each other.

22. Probabilities of solving a specific problem independently by A and B are
1
2
and
1
3
respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability
that (i) the problem is solved (ii) exactly one of them solves the problem.

Solution:
The probability of solving the problem independently by A and B are given as
1 1
and
2 3
respectively.
i.e. = ( ) ( )
1 1
P , P
2 3
A B = = .
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
P P P Since the events corresponding to A and B are independent
1 1 1
2 3 6
A B A B =
= =

(i) Probability that the problem is solved
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
P
P P P
1 1 1
2 3 6
3 2 1
6
4
6
2
3
A B
A B A B
=
= +
= +
+
=
=
=

Thus, the probability that the problem is solved is
2
3
.

(ii) Probability that exactly one of them solves the problem
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P P
P P P P
1 1 1 1
2 6 3 6
3 1 2 1
6
3
6
1
2
A B B A
A A B B A B
= +
( = + (

| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
+
=
=
=

MATHEMATICS



ii. The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three sections A, B and C.
Section A comprises of 10 questions of one mark each, Section B comprises of 12
questions of four marks each, and Section C comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.

iii. All questions in section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as per the
exact requirements of the question.

iv. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4 questions of
four marks each and 2 questions of six marks each. You have to attempt only one of the
alternatives in all such questions.


Section - C

Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.

23. Using matrix method, solve the following system of equations:

2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
4, 1, 2; , , 0 x y z
x y z x y z x y z
+ + = + = + = =

OR

Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix
1 3 2
3 0 1
2 1 0
| |
|

|
|
\ .

Solution:
The given system of equation is
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
4, 1, 2; , , 0 x y z
x y z x y z x y z
+ + = + = + = =

The given system of equation can be written as

1
2 3 10 4
1
4 6 5 1
6 9 20 2
1
or , where
1
2 3 10 4
1
4 6 5 , and 1
6 9 20 2
1
x
y
z
AX B
x
A X B
y
z
(
(
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

(
(

=
(
(
( ( (
( ( (
= = =
( ( (
( ( (

(
(

2 3 10
Now, 4 6 5
6 9 20
A =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 120 45 3 80 30 10 36 36
2 75 3 110 10 72
150 330 720
1200 0
= + +
= +
= + +
= =

So, the given system of equation has unique solution and is given by
1
X A B
=
Let C
ij
be the cofactors of elements a
ij
in A = [a
ij
], then
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 4
11 12 13
3 4 5
21 22 23
4 5 6
31 32 33
C 1 120 45 75, C 1 80 30 110, C 1 36 36 72
C 1 60 90 150, C 1 40 60 100, C 1 18 18 0
C 1 15 60 75, C 1 10 40 30, C 1 12 12 24
75 110 72 75 150 75
150 100 0 110
75 30 24
T
AdjA
= = = = = + =
= = = = = =
= + = = = = =
(
(
= =
(
(

1
1
100 30
72 0 24
75 150 75
1
110 100 30
1200
72 0 24
75 150 75 4
1
110 100 30 1
1200
72 0 24 2
300 150 150
1
440 100 60
1200
288 0 48
600
1
400
1200
240
60
AdjA
A
A
X A B
(
(
(
(

(
(
= =
(
(

=
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

+ + (
(
= +
(
( +

(
(
=
(
(

=
0 1 1 1
1200 2 2
400 1 1 1
1200 3 3
240 1 1
1
1200 5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
, and
2 3 5
2, 3 and 5
x
y
z
x y z
x y z
(
( ( (
(
( ( (
(
( ( (
(
( ( (
= =
(
( ( (
(
( ( (
(
( ( (
( ( ( (

= = =
= = =


Thus, the solution of given system of equation is given by
x =2, y = 3 and z = 5

OR

Let the given matrix be denoted as
1 3 2
3 0 1
2 1 0
A
(
(
=
(
(

.
We have A = IA.
Or,
1 3 2 1 0 0
3 0 1 0 1 0
2 1 0 0 0 1
A
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Applying R
2
R
2
+ 3R
1
and R
3
R
3
2R
1

2 2
1 3 2 1 0 0
0 9 7 3 1 0
0 5 4 2 0 1
1
Applying R R
9
1 3 2 1 0 0
7 1 1
0 1 0
9 3 9
0 5 4 2 0 1
A
A
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

( (
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Applying R
1
R
1
3R
2
and R
3
R
3
+ 5R
2

1 1
1 0 0 0
3 3
7 1 1
0 1 0
9 3 9
1 1 5
0 0 1
9 3 9
A
( (
( (
( (
( (
=
( (
( (
( (
( (

Applying R
3
9R
3

1 1
1 0 0 0
3 3
7 1 1
0 1 0
9 3 9
0 0 1 3 5 9
A
( (
( (
( (
( (
=
( (
( (
( (
( (

Applying R
1
R
1

1
3
R
3
and R
2
R
2
+
7
9
R
3

1
1 0 0 1 2 3
0 1 0 2 4 7
0 0 1 3 5 9
1 2 3
2 4 7
3 5 9
1 2 3
2 4 7
3 5 9
A
I A
A
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

(
(
=
(
(

(
(
=
(
(

Therefore, the inverse of the matrix
1 3 2
3 0 1
2 1 0
(
(

(
(

is
1 2 3
2 4 7
3 5 9
(
(
(
(

.

24. Show that of all the rectangles inscribed in a given fixed circle, the square has the maximum
area.

Solution:
Let a rectangle of length l and breadth b be inscribed in the given circle of radius a.
Then, the diagonal passes through the centre and is of length 2a cm.

Now, by applying the Pythagoras Theorem, we have:
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
4
4
a l b
b a l
b a l
= +
=
=

Area of the rectangle,
2 2
4 A l a l =
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3
2 2
2
2 2
2 3
3 3
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1
4 2 4
2 4 4
4 2
4
2
4 4 4 2
2 4
4
4 4 4 2
4
2 6
12 2
4 4
Now, 0 gives 4 2 2
4 2 2
dA l
a l l l a l
dl
a l a l
a l
a l
l
a l l a l
d A
a l
dl a l
a l l l a l
a l
l a l
a l l
a l a l
dA
a l l a
dl
b a a
= + =

+
=

+
= =

= = =
= =
2
2 a a =

( )( )
2 2
2 3
2 3 3
Now, when 2 ,
2 2 6 2
A 8 2
4 0
2 2 2 2
l a
a a a
d a
dl a a
=

= = = <

By the second derivative test, when 2 l a = , then the area of the rectangle is the maximum.
Since 2 l b a = = , the rectangle is a square.

Hence, it has been proved that of all the rectangles inscribed in the given fixed circle, the square
has the maximum area.

25. Using integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have equations
y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 and x = 4.

Solution:
The triangular region bounded by the lines y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 and x = 4 is represented
graphically as:

Equations of the lines are y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 and x = 4
Let y
1
= 2x + 1, y
2
= 3x + 1

Now, area of the triangle bounded by the given lines
( )
( ) ( )
( )
4
2 1
0
4
0
4
0
4
2
0
2 2
3 1 2 1
1
2
1
4 0
2
1
16
2
8 square units
y y dx
x x dx
xdx
x
=
= + + (

=
(
=

=
=
=
}
}
}

Thus, the area of the required triangular region is 8 sq. units.

26. Evaluate: ( )
2
1
0
2sin cos tan sin x x x dx
}

OR

Evaluate:
2
4 4
0
sin cos
sin cos
x x x
dx
x x +
}

Solution:
( )
1
2
0
}

Let t = sin x
dt = cos x dx

When x =

2
,
sin 1
2
t = =
When x = 0, t = sin 0 = 0

( )
| | ( )
| |
1
1
1 1
2
1 2
2
2
2 1
2
2 1
2
2 1 1
Now, 2sin cos tan sin
2 tan
tan 2 tan 2
1
tan 2
2 1
tan
1
1
tan 1
1
tan tan
x x x dx
t t dt
d
t t dt t tdt dt
dt
t
t t dt
t
t
t t dt
t
t t dt
t
t t t t

=
(
=
(

(
| |
=
|
(
+ \ .
=
+
(
=
(
+

= +
}
}
} } }
}
}
}

( )
1
2
0
=
}
1
2 1 1
0
tan tan t t t t

( +

2 1 1 2 1 1
1 tan 1 1 tan 1 0 tan 0 0 tan 0

1 1 0
4 4
1
2

( ( = + +

(
= +
(

=

OR

( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
4 4
0
2
4 4
0 0 0
2
4 4
0
sin cos
1
sin cos

sin cos
2 2 2

sin cos
2 2
cos sin
2
2
cos sin
a a
x x x
I
x x
x x x
I dx f x dx f a x dx
x x
x x x
I dx
x x
=
+
| | | | | |

| | |
| |
\ . \ . \ .
= =
|
| | | |
\ .
+
| |
\ . \ .
| |
|
\ .
=
+
}
} } }
}

Adding (1) and (2), we get
2
4 4
0
2
4 4
0
2
4
4
0
4
2 2
4
0
sin cos
2
2
sin cos
sin cos
4 sin cos
sin cos
cos
sin 4
1
cos
tan sec
4 tan 1
x x
I dx
x x
x x
I dx
x x
x x
x
dx
x
x
x x
dx
x
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
}
}
}
}

Put tan
2
x = z
2 tan x sec
2
xdx = dz
2
tan sec
2
dz
x xdx =
When 0, 0
when ,
2
x z
x z

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
2
0
1
0
1 1
2
2 2
4 4
0
2
4 1
8 1
tan
8
tan tan 0
8

0
8 2
16
sin cos
Thus,
sin cos 16
dz
I
z
dz
I
z
z
x x x
dx
x x

=
+
=
+
=
=
| |
=
|
\ .
=
=
}
}
}

27. Find the equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of the planes
( )

2 3 4 0 r i j k + + = ,
( )

2 5 0 r i j k + + = and which is perpendicular to the plane
( )

5 3 6 8 0 r i j k + + = .

Solution:
The equations of the given planes are
( )
( )
( )
( )

2 3 4 0 ... 1

2 5 0 ... 2
r i j k
r i j k
+ + =
+ + =

The equation of the plane passing through the line intersection of the planes given in equation (1)
and equation (2) is
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 3 4 2 5 0

2 1 2 3 5 4 0 ... 3
r i j k r i j k
r i j k

( (
+ + + + + =

(
+ + + + + =

The plane in equation (3) is perpendicular to the plane,
( )

5 3 6 8 0 r i j k + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) 5 2 1 3 2 6 3 0
19 7 0
7
19

+ + + =
=
=

Substituting
7
19
= in equation (3), we obtain
( )
( )
33 45 50 41

0
19 19 19 19

33 45 50 41 0 ... 4
r i j k
r i j k
(
+ + =
(

+ + =

This is the vector equation of the required plane.
The Cartesian equation of this plane can be obtained by substituting

r xi yj zk = + + in equation
(4).
( ) ( )

33 45 50 41 0
33 45 50 41 0
xi yj zk i j k
x y z
+ + + + =
+ + =

28. A factory makes tennis rackets and cricket bats. A tennis racket takes 1.5 hours of machine
time and 3 hours of craftsmans time in its making while a cricket bat takes 3 hours of machine
time and 1 hour of craftsmans time. In a day, the factory has the availability of not more than 42
hours of machine time and 24 hours of craftsmans time.
If the profit on a racket and on a bat is Rs 20 and Rs 10 respectively, find the number of
tennis rackets and crickets bats that the factory must manufacture to earn the maximum profit.
Make it as an L.P.P. and solve graphically.

Solution:
Let the number of rackets and the number of bats to be made be x and y respectively.

The given information can be compiled in a table as follows:

Tennis Racket Cricket Bat Availability
Machine Time (h) 1.5 3 42
Craftsmans Time (h) 3 1 24

The machine time is not available for more than 42 hours.
1.5 3 42 x y + s

The craftsmans time is not available for more than 24 hours.
3 24 x y + s

Let the total profit be Rs Z.
The profit on a racket is Rs 20 and on a bat is Rs 10.
20 10 Z x y = +

Thus, the given problem can be mathematically formulated as:
Maximize 20 10 Z x y = + (1)

Subject to the constraints,
1.5x + 3y s 42 (2)
3x + y s 24 (3)
x, y > 0 (4)

The feasible region determined by the system of constraints is as follows:

The corner points are A (8, 0), B (4, 12), C (0, 14), and O (0, 0).

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

Corner point Z = 20x + 10y
A(8, 0) 160
B(4, 12) 200 Maximum
C(0, 14) 140
O(0, 0) 0

The maximum value of Z is 200, which occurs at x = 4 and y = 12.

Thus, the factory must produce 4 tennis rackets and 12 cricket bats to earn the maximum profit.
The maximum obtained profit earned by the factory by producing these items is Rs 200.
29. Suppose 5% of men and 0.25% of women have grey hair. A grey haired person is selected at
random. What is the probability of this person being male? Assume that there are equal number
of males and females.

Solution:
Let M, F and G be the following events.
M: A male is selected.
F: A female is selected.
G: A person has grey hair

It is given that the number of males = the number of females
( ) ( )
1
P P
2
M F = =

It is also given that,
P (G|M)
= Probability of grey haired person given that they are male
= 5%
5
100
=

Similarly, P (G|F)
0.25
0.25%
100
= =

When a grey haired person is selected at random, probability that this person is a male
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
| |
P |
P P |
Baye's Theorem
P P | P P |
1 5
2 100
1 5 1 0.25
2 100 2 100
5
100
5 0.25
100 100
5
5.25
20
21
M G
M G M
M G M F G F
=
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
=

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Math Set1 SectionA Delhi Merged

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CBSE Math XII Board Paper SET 1 (Delhi)

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