The History Record of The Flame On The West Door of Burma in 2012

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w,f? 'ga=umifholwdkudk ajr'l;rlqvifvdk ac:w,f? ,if;ajr'l;rlqvifawG[m Armbk&iftqufqufudk opPm&Sd&Sd tr_awmfxrf; cJhw,f? bdk;awmfbk&m; &cdkifjynfudk 0ifwdkufcsdefrSm 'Dajr'l;rlqvifawGudk oHwGJ ppfa=umif;rSm oH;k +yD; &cdijf ynfukd odr;f +yD;cserm olwkd udk oHwrmbJ xm;cJw,f? 'ga=umifh k dfS JG S h 'Dajr'l; rlqvifawG[m tckacwftxd tnmom;oHk; Armpum;udkbJ ajymaeqJ jzpfw,f? oHwGJe,fbufrSmoHk;wJh &cdkifpum;udk roHk;=ubl;? urefawGa&m ajr'l;awGyg 'Drlqviftkyfpk ESpfpkpvHk;[m ordkif;wavSsmufvHk;rSm &cdkifawGeJtwl at;twl yltrSs aecJh=u+yD; bmjy\emrSvnf; r&SdcJh=uygbl;? olwdkemrnfawG[mvnf; &cdkifemrnf ArmemrnfawGom jzpf=uygw,f? rlqvifemrnfudk w&m;0if oHk;avh r&Sd=uygbl;? pwkwtypuawmh 1826 ckEpf &E ypmcsKyft& &cdiwi;f eJ weoFm&Dwi;f wdk kfk S W kd k f dk kd t*FvdyfydkifjzpfwJhtcsdefrSm t*Fvdyfwdk wHcg;r&Sd "g;r&SdoGif;vmwJh tdENd,wkdif;om;awG jzpfygw,f? &cdijf ynfuawmh b*Fvm;e,feJ e,fcsi;f qufpyfaeawmh ppfwaumif;om; k trsm;pk[m tvkyf=urf;vkyfzdk &cdkifjynfxJudk wHcg;r&Sd "g;r&Sd 0ifvm=uygw,f? 1886 ckESpfup+yD; ArmwjynfvHk;udk +AdwdoSs tdENd, tifyg,m&Jh jynfe,fwcktjzpf tkyfcsKyf cJhwJh tcsdefrSmawmh ukvm;awG[m &cdkifjynfxJukda&m Armjynfr}uD;udkyg a&umwm usKd ;ovdk 0ifvmcJ=h uygawmhw,f? tJ'aemufyi;f 0ifvmwJh ukvm;awG[m Armjynfukd D kd olwdk&Jh udkvdkeDEdkifiHozG,f xif&mpdkif;cJh=uwma=umifh vlrsdK;a&; ydyuQawGjzpf+yD; t"d u&k%f;awG r=umc% jzpfay:avh&Sdygw,f? 'ga=umifh t*Fvdyftpdk;&[m 1920 ckESpf rsm;rSm qkireaumfr&SiuzJG +yD; Armjynfukd +AdwosS tdE, tifyg,mtwGi;f qufxm; df G f f kd d dN oifh rxm;oifh pHprf; tpD&ifcci;f &ygawmhw,f? qdireaumfr&Siu Armjynfukd +AdwosS k H kd kf G f f d tdE, tifyg,mxJu apmEdiorSs tapmqH;k cGxwzkd t}uHay;cJayrJh ta=umif;trsKd ; dN kf J k f h trsKd ;a=umifh 1937 ckEprmrS t*Fvypum;eJ Crown Colony vdkac:wJh oD;jcm; udveD S f S d f k kd jzpfvmygw,f? oD[Vu|e;f (,ckacwf oD&vuFmEdii) / a[mifaumifu|e;f / rav;,m; kd f d kfH wdk[mvnf; Crown Colony rsm; jzpfcJh=uygw,f? Armjynfudk tdENd,tifyg,mxJu cGJrxkwfcifrSm &cdkifjynfajrmufydkif;u tpGe;f a&muf rlqvifacgi;f aqmif wcsKd [m tdE,jynf u&mcs+d rdKudom;+yD; rlqvifv*f dN k G d Muslim League acgif;aqmifawGudk tenf;qHk; armifawmeJ bl;oD;awmife,fawG jzpfEi&if &ckiwi;f wckv;kH udk ArmjynfxJ xnhray;bJ tdE,xJrm xm;cJbkd wduwe;f kd f d f kd f dN S h k f G =uygw,f? 'gayrJh olwkd t}uHratmifbJ t*Fvytpd;k &u &cdiwi;f [m &E ypmcsKyft& d f k f kd W kd ArmjynfxJrSm ygcJhwmrdk ArmjynfxJrSmbJ xnfhay;vdkufygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm oD;jcm;udkvdkeDjzpfoGm;+yDjzpfwJh Armjynf&Jh 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;apmu ukvm;awG ArmjynfxJudk EdkifiHul;vufrSwf EdkifiH0ifcGifhvufrSwf pwmawG rygbJ rvm &bl;? Armjynfxrm aecsi&if Armpm Armpum;wwf&r,f? Armwdi;f &if;ol wa,muf J S f k
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udk ,lxm;ayrJh txufyg tcsuftvufawGeJ rjynfhpHk&if ArmjynfxJrSm aecGifhray; Edkifbl; pwJh uefowfcsufawGygwhJ U Saw- Shankar pmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJhw,f? ukvm;awGbufuawmh rauseyfb;l ayg? 'gayrJh 'kw,urBmppf jzpfvmwmeJ Armjynf h d udkvnf; *syefodrf;? ukvm;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; ukvm;jynf jyefajy;jzpfoGm;w,f? 1942 ckESpf &cdkifukvm; t"du&k%f;udpPudkawmh vlwkdif;avmufodaewma=umifh usaemfrajymawmhygbl;? ppf+yD;wJhtcsdefrSm ukvm;awG &cdkifjynfxJudk jyef0ifvmw,f? olwdkeJtwl vlopfawGyg ac:vmw,f? tJ'D vlopfawGa=umifh armifawmeJ bl;oD;awmife,fu &cdkiftrsm;pk[m olwdk&Jh v,f,majr ponfwdkudk qHk;&HSK;oGm;+yD; awmifydkif;udk qif;vm&w,f? tJ'tcseup+yD; 0ifvmwJuvm;tkypukd yOPrtkypvkd owfrwr,f? D d f h k f k f k S f 1947 ckESpfrSm +AdwdoSs tdENd,[m tdENd,eJ ygupPwefqdkwJh Dominion EdkifiH ESpfck uGJoGm;w,f? ArmjynfrSmawmh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdku Dominion tqifhudk r,lbJ vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;udkom awmif;qdkaewJh tcsdefjzpfw,f? 1946 ckESpfrSm &cdkifjynf ajrmufydkif;u t,lonf; rlqviftkyfpkwpk[m u&mcsdudkoGm;+yD; aemifvmrnfh ygupPwef acgif;aqmif rdk[mruf tvD*sif;em;eJawG+yD; armifawm bl;oD;awmifeJ &aohawmife,fawGukd ta&SygupPwefxukd xnfci;f bdk awmif;qdcw,f? 'gayrJh Armh J h kd k hJ acgi;f aqmif AdvcsKyfatmifqef;u *si;f em;udk Armjynf jynfwi;f a&;udprm 0ifrpGubdk k f G P S f cyfjywfjywf ajymvdkufwmuwa=umif; tmoHudk ta&S ygupPwefe,fxJ xnfhbdk }udK;pm;&mrSm ta&;rvScJhwmuwa=umif;wdka=umifh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; t*Fvef toGm; a'vDrSm ae&l;eJawG+yD;aemuf u&mcsdrSm *sif;em;eJ awGcsdefrSm *sif;em;u ArmjynfudpPrSm ol vHk;00ifrpGufygbl;vdk uwday;vdkufygw,f? 'gayrJh AdvcsKyfatmifqef;wdk usq;kH oGm;+yD;aemufyi;f Armjynf vGwvyfa&; fk f kd f r&rD tcsdefuav;twGif;rSm rl*sm[pf olykef (Armtac: ukvm;qdk;) qdkwm ay:vm w,f? tJ'D olykefawGudk t*FvdyfwyfrSL; OD;pD;wJh ArmppfwyfawG b,fvdkwdkufcJh&w,f qdkwm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif; OD;wifOD;u tifwmAsL;rSm ajymoGm;cJh+yD;jzpfvdk usaemf tus,frajymwmhygbl;? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; aemufydkif;rSmvnf; Armh vufeufudkif wyfaygif;pku 'Dukvm;qdk;awGudk qufwdkufae&qJbJ jzpfygw,f? *sif;em; uG,fvGef oGm;+yD; aemufydkif;rSm ta&SygupPwef tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;ua&m ppfbufuyg 'Dukvm;qkd; awGukd Oya'vGwf vufwvH;k jcm; ulncw,f? Oyrm jy&&if Armbufu wduvu&if D hJ k f kd f e,fpyfausmf+yD; xGufajy;w,f? Armbufu zrf;vdkr&bl;? olwdkudk zrf;ay;ygvdk ajym&ifvnf; zrf;ray;bl;? aemufqHk; rl*sm[pfolykefacgif;aqmif umqif[m aumhZfbZm; (ac: ) zavmif;csdwf+rdKrSm &Sdaewmudk Armtpdk;&u taxmuftxm; tcdkiftvHkeJ wifjy+yD; awmif;qdkayrJh ygupPwef tpdk;&u umqifudk olwdktus,fcsKyf
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csxm;ygw,fvdkbJ ta=umif;jyefcJhygw,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmbJ ta&SygupPwefu w&m;r0ifcdk;0ifwJholawG[mvnf; &cdkifwdkif;xJudk enf;trsdK;rsdK;eJ a&muf&Sdvmygw,f? wcsdKu e,fpyfudk jzwf+yD; ajcvSsif ul;vmw,f? wcsdKu avSormefawGeJ tkyfpkvdkuf ntcsdefrSm cdk;ul;=uw,f? tJ'gudk a'ocH yduqH csr;f omwJuvm;awGu olwkd ydif tke;f awmawG v,fawGxrm 0Suxm; k f h k k J S f ay;+yD; Armpum;eJ &cdkifpum;udk jzwfvrf;eJ oifay;w,f? Armpum; &ckdifpum; xrif;pm; a&aomufwwf+yDq&if 'Duvm;awG[m teD;tem;u +rdK&GmawGukd ul;oGm; kd k =uw,f? vl0ifr_ }uD;=uyfa&;wdk e,fjcm;ykvdyfwdku ppfaq;&ifvnf; &GmcHukvm; awGutp ukvm;ol}uD;tqH;k 0di;f +yD; 'DvawG[m 'D&mrSmarG; 'D&mrSm}uD;wJoawGygvkd k l G G h l vdrfnmay;=uw,f? tJ'DvdkeJ 1958 ckESpf trsdK;om; rSwfyHkwif u'fjym; pay:vmwJh tcsdefrSm ukvm; tenf;qHk; wodef;ausmf[m jrefrmEdkifiHom; rSwfyHkwif u'fjym;udk &oGm;=uw,f? OD;Ektpdk;&uvnf; 1952 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJrSm &cdkifawGeJ &wn (&cdkif wkdif;&if;om; nDnGwfa&; ygwD)u trwfawG[m zqyvudk raxmufcHbJ twdkuftcH yrnwudk axmufcH=uwma=umifh t+idK;xm;+yD; cdk;0ifvmwJhukvm;awG vdrfvnf+yD; jrefrmEdkifiHom; jzpfvm=uwmudk rsufpdrSdwf+yD; =unhfaecJh=uw,f? tJ'ga=umifh 1956 a&G;aumufyGJrSm bl;oD;awmif? armifawm rJqENe,fawGrSm OD;pHxGef;atmif (a'gufwm at;csrf;. zcif) eJ uref rlqviftrsdK;om; a&Sae OD;zdk;cdkif wdk &_H;edrfh=u+yD; tA'l *gzg;? plvwef rmrGwf? tblabmfa&SmeJ tblcdkif qdkwJh b*F gvD trwfav;a,muf jynfol v$wfawmfeJ vlrsdK;pk v$wfawmfudk wufcGifh&oGm;w,f? olwdkuawmh &cdkif jynfrSm arG;+yD; &cdkifjynfrSm }uD;wJholawGrdkvdk &cdkifpum;eJ Armpum;tjyif olwdk&Jh rdcifbmomjzpfwJh b*FvDpum;udkyg aumif;pGm wwf=uygw,f? 'DtrwfawGu OD;Ek tpdk;&udk axmufcH=uygw,f? 'gayrJh 1950 ckESpf =o*kwfvrSm &dk[if*smqdkwJh emrnfudk pxGifcJhwJh tA'l*gzg; udk,fwkdif v$wfawmfxJrSm &dk[if*smqdkwJh emrnfudk roHk;EdkifcJhygbl;? ta=umif;uawmh olwkd av;OD;xJrm 0gt}uD;qH;k jzpfwhJ plvwefrmrGwu tJ'emrnfukd S f D vufrcHvdkygbJ? plvwefrmrGwfuawmh &cdkifae rlqvif (Arakani Muslim) qdkwJh emrnfudk ydkoabmusyHk &ygw,f? OD;EkeJ OD;AaqGwdk[m 1956 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf rJqG,fcJhpOfu &dk[if*smqdkwJhemrnfudk rqifrjcif oHk;cJh=uw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfeJ 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf awGudk,fwkdifu 'Demrnfudk aygufv$wfyJpm;oHk;vdkufawmh wcsdK owif;pmawG pma&;olawGuvnf; vdkufa&;vm=uwmaygh? aemufqHk; emrnfausmf jrefrmhordkif; q&m}uD; G.H.Luce ukd,fwdkif 1956 ckESpfu a&;cJhwJhpmwrf;wckrSm tJ'Demrnfudk xnfhoGif;a&;om;cJhwmudk awG&w,f? t*Fvdyfacwf wacwfvHk;rSmawmh 'Demrnfudk
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wcgrS roHk;bl;ygbl;? tdrfapmifhtpdk;&acwfrSmawmh 'Demrnf aysmufoGm;w,f? 1960 ckEpf a&G;aumufytwGuf rJq,=f uawmh oef&Si;f zqyvu OD;Eka&m S JG G wnf+rJ zqyvu OD;AaqGa&m 'Demrnfudk rqifrjcif oHk;=ujyefw,f? a&G;aumufyGJ Edkif+yD; OD;Ek0ef}uD;csKyf jzpfvmcsdefrSm 'D&kd[if*smqdkwJh bmompum;udk ArmhtoHrSm t*FvdyfeJ [if'leDpwefeD bmomwdkeJtwl toHv$ifhcGifhjyKcJhw,f? tJ'gudk ukvm; awGu *k%f,l+yD; &dk[if*smudk wdkif;&if;om;tjzpf OD;Eku todtrSwfjyKw,fvdk ajymae=uw,f? tJ'Dvdkqdk&if t*FvdyfeJ [if'leDpwefeD bmompum;awG[mvnf; tvkdvdkae&if; wdkif;&if;bmompum;awG jzpfukef=uawmhrSmaygh? 1960 ckESpf OD;Ek tpd;k &acwfrm aemufq;kH usecwhJ rl*sm[pfoyeawG vufeufcsw,f? tJ'vufeufcsyJG S f hJ l k f D tcrf;tem;rSm 'k umuG,a&; OD;pD;csKyf (=unf;) AdvrL;csKyf atmif}uD;u tJ'D &d[if*sm f k f S k qdkwJh toHk;tE_H;udk rqifrjcif oHk;E_H;vdkufjyefw,f? tJ'ga=umifh &efukefudk jyefa&mufwJh tcsdefrSm ol&Jh txufu umuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;u oludk aumif; aumif;qJw,fqwhJ owif;awG xGuvmw,f? aemuf 1962 ckEpf rwfv 2 &ufaerSm kd f S OD;Ektpd;k &udk AdvcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u tm%modr;f vduawmh wdi;f jynfxrm &d[if*smqdwhJ k f k f k J S k k pum;r=um;&awmhb;l ? ArmhtoHrmvnf; EdiijH cm;bmom tpDtpOfrm t*Fvybmom S kf S df wckbJ v$ifhcGifh&awmhw,f? [if'leDpwefeDa&m &dk[if*smyg v$ifhcGifhrjyKawmhbl;? 'gayrJh wbufrSmvnf; &cdkifjynfxJudk cdk;0ifwJhukvm;awGu &SdqJbJ? jrefrm vl0ifr_ }uD;=uyfa&;awG azmufjyefr_awGvnf; ygwmaygh? t}uD;qHk; vl0ifr_v_dif;}uD; uawmh b*Fvma'h&Sf vGwfajrmufa&; ppfyGJvdk ac:wJh ta&SygupPwefeJ taemuf ygupPwef ESpfjcrf;uGJ+yD; jynfwGif;ppf jzpfcsdefrSmyg? tJ'Dtcsdefu bDbDpD owif;XmeJ a=unmcsuft& tdENd,jynfxJrSm ta&SygupPwef ppfajy;'kuQonf q,foef; a&muf ae+yD; jrefrmjynfxJrSmvnf; woef;cGJuae ESpfoef;txd a&mufaeEdkifw,fvdk cefrSef; w,f? tdENd,tpdk;&uawmh yGifhyGifhvif;vif;&Sd+yD; ukvor*~eJ EdkifiHwum tzGJ tpnf ; awG u d k azmf j yvd k u f + yD ; tul t nD a wmif ; w,f ? Armjynf b uf u awmh Adkvfae0if;&Jh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD[m ukvor*~eJ EkdifiHwumtzGJtpnf;awG 0ifvmrSmudk t&rf;a=umuf+yD; b,foludkrS rzdwfac:bJ &Sdwfrl*sDbkd&mref &Jh t0grDvd*f tpdk;&udk csufcsif; todtrSwfjyKvkduf+yD; ESpfEdkifiH oabmwlnDcsufeJ ppfajy; 'kuQonf awGudk jyefydkbkd vkyfw,f? &Sdwfrl*sDbkd&mrefu vufcHygw,f? 'gayrJh Armjynf&Jh t&omudkodoGm;wJh ac:awm trsm;pkuawmh wjznf;jznf; w&m;r0if jyefvnf0ifa&mufvm=uwmygbJ? 'ga=umifhvnf; 1975ckESpfu &efukef+rdKrSm b*Fvm;a'h&Sf oHtrwftjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhwJh rpPwmudkifZm&Jh oltpdk;&qDeJ "eo[m,EdkifiHrsm;tzGJqDudk ydkwJh tpD&ifcHpmrSm jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;rSm w&m;r0ifa&muf&Sdaeaom b*Fvma'h&Sf EdkifiHom;
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ig;odef;ausmf &Sdaeao;a=umif; a&;xm;ygw,f? 'Db*FvDawGudkawmh qrvl0ifr_ vd_if;}uD;vdk@ ac:Edkifygw,f? tJ'Daemufydkif;rSm b*Fvma'h&SfrSm ppfwyftm%modrf;r_ jzpfw,f? ygupPwef buf,r;f wJh *d%;f u AdvcsKyf}uD; ZD,mtl&mref tm%m&vmw,f? &Swr*sbdk &mrefeJ d k k f d f l D rdom;pk wpkvHk; towfcH&w,f? tckvuf&Sd 0ef}uD;csKyf&Sdwf[mqDem[m vef'efrSm ynmoifaeqJrdk uHaumif;+yD; vGwfoGm;w,f? ygupPwef/ tar&duef jynfaxmifpk/ w&kwf/ taemuftkyfpkeJ eD;pyfwJh tm&yfEdkifiHawGu b*Fvm;a'h&Sf EkdifiHudk todtrSwf jyKvm=uw,f? &Sdwfrl*sDbkd &mref acwfwkef;uawmh qdkAD,uf &k&Sm;/ ta&StkyfpkwdkeJ eD;pyfvGef;wma=umifh b*Fvma'h&Sf EdkifiHudk taemuftkyfpkeJ w&kwfwdku todtrSwf rjyK=uygbl;? tJ'DtcsdefrSmbJ ArmjynfrSm w&kwfe,fpyfu Auy jy\emawGa=umifh rqv tpdk;&[m w&kwfeJ jy\emwufaew,f? AuyawGudk AHk;}uJw,f? jrefrmh avwyfu udk;&D;,m;ppf vufusef acwfrrDawmhwJh *sufwdkufav,Of ig;pif;udk w&kwfu ypfcsvdkufw,f? ArmjynfxJrSmawmh awmifudkwdkufrdvdk ysufusoGm;w,f vdkbJ a=unmw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmbJ rqv tpdk;&[m &ckdifjynfxJrSm b*F gvD OD;a& azmif;yGaewmudk owdxm;rd+yD; e*g;rif; ppfqifa&;vkyfw,f? ac:awmukvm;awG odef;eJ@csD+yD; b*Fvm;a'h&Sfudk xGufajy;=uw,f? 'gayrJh b*Fvma'h&SfeJ t&rf; tvGrf;oifhaewJh tar&duef/ w&kwf pwJh EdkifiH}uD;awG&Jh zdtm;ay;r_awGa=umifh wa=umif;/ vl0ifr_ }uD;=uyfa&;awG vmbfpm;+yD; xkway;xm;wJh w&m;r0if trsKd ;om;rSwywif u'fjym;awGa=umifh wa=umif; xGuajy; f f kH f wJhvlxuf ydkrsm;wJhvlawGudk jyefvufcHvdkuf&w,f? aemufwcg 1991 ckESpf jynfom,m ppfqifa&;vkyfawmhvnf; 'Dtwkdif;bJ? w&kwfuawmh zdtm;ray;awmhygbl;? e0weJ t&rf;tvGrf;oifhaevdk@ygbJ? 'gayrJh taemuftkyfpkeJ tpPvrfEkdifiHawG&Jh zdtm;u rqvacwfrSmxuf ydk+yD; jyif;xefvm w,f? ta=umif;uawmh e0w[m rqvxuf emrnfydkysufcJhvdkygbJ? wcsdefwnf;rSmbJ tom;xJu avmufxGufqdkovdk ArmtwkduftcH wcsdK [m igeJrwl igh&efol? igh&efol&Jh &efol[m ighrdwfaqGqdkwJhxHk;udk ESvHk;rl+yD; 'D&kd[if*sm qdkolawGbufu 0g' 0ifjzefay;=uw,f? wcsdK twdkuftcH tzGJtpnf;awGqdk&if tm&yfEdkifiHawGuay;wJh ydkufqHawGudk,l+yD; &dk[if*smqdkolawGtwGuf ordkif;vdrf+yD; 0g'jzef pmapmifawG jrefrmbmomeJa&m t*FvdyfbmomeJyg a&;om;ay;=uw,f? tJ'geJ 'DwcgrS r&Sdbl;wJh &dk[if*smqdkwJh emrnf[m urBmausmf jzpfvmygawmhw,f? b*Fvma'h&SfEdkifiH&JvlOD;a&wdk;yGm;r_[m tqrwef}uD;xGm;ae+yD; vlOD;a& aygufuJGr_ jzpfvm+yD; tdrfeD;csif;jrefrmeJ tdENd,jynfawGxJcdk;0if=uvdk@ tdENd,e,fjcm; apmifwyfu ypfowfcwhJ b*Fvma'h&fS Ediiom;awG &mausmaeyg+yD/ vGecwtywfxrm h hJ kfH f f hJ hJ JS
14
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15
qdkaom aqmifyk'fudk owd&=uyg? aqmifyk'ftwkdif; vdkufem=uygvdk@ arwWm&yfcHvdk ygw,f? c&pf,ef / [dENL eJ tjcm; bmom0ifrsm;twGufvnf; txl;rSm=um;vkdwm uawmh 'DudpP[m vlrsm;pk Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;ESifh vlenf;pk bmom0ifwck. t=um; jzpfonfh ydyuQr[kwfyg? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;udk usL;ausmf 0ifa&mufvmwJh wkdif;wyg;om; rsm;u t&dyfaeae tcufcsdK;csdK; jrefrmEdkifiHydkif wpdwfwa'oudk zJhxkwfvdkwJh udpPom jzpfyg w,f? 'DudpP[m 1937 ckESpf rwdkifrDuwnf;uyif pI }uHpnfaecJhaom udpPjzpfyg w,f? 'ga=umifh rnfonfhbmom0ifyifjzpfap trdjrefrmEdkifiHtm; opPm&Sd=uygvdk@ txl;yef=um;vdkygw,f? Armpum;rSm yJGvef@wkef;zsmcif;qdkwJh pum;yHk&Sdygw,f? 'D&kd[if*smqdkwJh jy\em[mvnf; jrefrmjynfrSm EdkifiHa&; tusyftwnf;awGeJ@twl ay:vmavh &Sdwmudk owdxm;rd=uygvdrfhr,f? vomwkef;Adkif;iif/ rdk;&Gmwkef;a&cH vkyfcsifwJh oabmvnf; ygovdk vlom;csi;f pmempdw/f vl@tcGita&;qdwhJ pum;vH;k vSvav;awG hf k S oHk;+yD; yGJudkvSef@+yD; zsm0ifcif;rnfhoabmvnf; ygaew,fqdkwmudk jrefrmjynfol jynfom;awG owd&Sd=uapvdkygw,f?
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16
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17
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ed&dOP&m owif; ar 30
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18
a'goxGufaeaom &cdkif vltkyf}uD;onf ausmufeDarmf &Jpcef;tm; 0dkif;0ef;vdkuf=u+yD; vlowf w&m;cHrsm;udk tjrefqHk; zrf;qD; ta&;,laz:xkwf&ef awmif;qdkcJh=uonf? vlaygif; 800 uae 1000 xd &Sdr,fxifygw,f? vlawGu awmfawmhudk a'go xGufae=uw,f? oufqdkif&m c&dkif/ jrdKe,fwm0ef&SdolawGeJ &JtzGJu renf; wm;qD;cJh&w,f? r[kwf&if jy\em awmfawmf}uD;us,foGm;Edkifygw,f [k olu qufajymonf? a'goxGufaeaom vltkyf}uD;onf ausmufeDarmf aus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; OD;oef;xGef;aetdrfwGif ouFmruif;cH&I wpfjcm; tpPvmrfbmom0if vli,f (2) OD; tm; ppfaq;ar;jref;aeonfudk vlowfw&m;cHrsm;tjzpf xifrSwfum tqdkyg vli,f 2 OD;tm; taoowf&ef 0di;f 0ef; cswufvmonfukd &JtzGJ u vrf;rS wm;qD;cJ&onf[k k D h a'ocHrsm;u ajymonf? ,ckuJhodk tajctaersm;a=umif; tqdkyg w&m;cH (3) OD;tm; nOfhwGif;csif; ausmufjzLokd ,laqmifoGm;&a=umif; od&onf? ,ae ausmufeDarmf tajctaerSm +idrfouf+yD; eHeufaps;wGif vlolr&SdbJ ajcmufuyfaea=umif; rsufjrifrsm;u ajymonf? 4if;jyif wpf&GmESifh wpf&Gmt=um; ul;oef;oGm;vmr_ &yfqdkif;ae+yD; t"dutm;jzifh tpPvmrfbmom0ifrsm;rSm tjyifudk rxGufbJ &Sdae=uonf[k qdkonf? aoqHk;oGm;ol roDwmaxG; (26) ESpftm; ,ae aevnfydkif;wGif oj*dKvf rnfjzpf&m jy\emrsm;ray:aygufatmif &yfrd&yfzrsm;ESifh a'oqdkif&m tm%mydkif rsm;u =uyfrwfaqmif&Gufaea=umif; od&onf? roDwmaxG;onf olraexdkif&m oajyacsmifaus;&Gmokd ausmufeDarmf aus;&GmrS tjyefwGif arv 28 &uf nae 5 em&DausmfcefwGif tpPvmrfbmom0if vli,foHk;OD; rk'drf;usifh owfjzwfjcif;udk cHcJh&onf? rsufjrifrsm;tajymt& olr vnfyif;tm; vS;D jzwfxm;+yD; &if0udk "g;jzifh t=udr=f udrx;kd owfum trsKd ;orD; t*F gpyf f rsm;tm;vnf; "g;jzifh acsr$xm;a=umif; od&onf? ,ckuJhodk vlrqefpGm usL;vGefxm;r_tay: a'ocH&cdkifrsm;u txl; a'go xGufvSsuf&Sdaea=umif; od&onf?
19
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Eleven News
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nae 5 em&D 20 rdepf

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34
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nae 5 em&D 30 rdepf

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nae 5 em&D 45 rdepf

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nae 6 em&D 30 rdepf

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35
nae 6 em&D 35 rdepf

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n 7 em&D 40 rdepf
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n 7 em&D 52 rdepf
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n 7 em&D 58 rdepf
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36
n 8 em&D 16 rdepf
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n 8 em&D 54 rdepf
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n 8 em&D 59 rdepf
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37
orRw&Hk;rS t&m&SdwpfOD;u 4if;. facebook pmrsufESmwGif ,aen 8 em&D 46 rdepfwGif azmfjya&;om;xm;ygonf? EdiiawmforRw&H;k rS t&m&SwpfO;D u 4if;. facebook pmrsuEmwGif ,ae kfH d fS armifawmjzpfpOfwif owif;ydk csut& AdvrL;&Gm rD;&d_ r_wif '%f&m& aoqk;H pm&if;rSm G f k f S G atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf(1) a'gufwmcifarmifvwf (63)ESpf 0rf;Adkuf"g;xdk;cH& (2) a':oef;&D (57)ESpf OD;acgif;wGif "g;ckwfcH& (3) OD;ausmfvS (78)ESpf OD;acgif;wGif "g;ckwfcH& (4) OD;odef;aZmf (36)ESpf ajcESifh vufwdkwGif "g;ckwfcH& (5) OD;vSarmif (65)ESpf OD;acgi;f wGi"g;ckw'%f&m(10)csu/f vufoef;jywf&'%f&m wdk jzihf f f S aoqkH;? '%f&m&&Sdolrsm;udkarmifawmaq;&kHodk ydkaqmifcJh/ ,if;teuf (3) OD;xyfrH aoqkH;cJh [k ,aen 8 em&D 35 rdepfwGif azmfjya&;om;xm;ygonf?
n 9 em&D
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38
n 9 em&D 30 rdepf
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n 9 em&D 53 rdepf
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n 10 em&D 7 rdepf
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n 10 em&D 17 rdepf
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n 10 em&D 26 rdepf
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n 10 em&D 29 rdepf
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ZGefv 9 &ufae aemufqHk;&owif;rsm;

Eleven News
eHeuf 8 em&D 30 rdepf

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49
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50
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nae 5 em&D 7 rdepf

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nae 5 em&D 52 rdepf

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51
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52
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53
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54
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55
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61

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62

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63

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64
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aevnf 3 em&D
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nae 5 em&D
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65
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n 9 em&D 50 rdepf
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66

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aevnf 3 em&D
ppfawG+rdKtajctaetm; xdef;odrf;Edkif&eftwGuf yk'fr 144 (nrxGuf& trdef) xkwfjyefvdkufa=umif; od&ygonf?

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67

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68
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69
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aevnf 12 em&D
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70

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aevnf 3 em&D
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71
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nae 4 em&D
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nae 6 em&D 5 rdepf

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72
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nae 6 em&D 40 rdepf

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nae 8 em&D
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73
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74
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75
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76
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83
nae 6 em&D 45 rdepf

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n 7 em&D
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n 7 em&D 20 rdepf
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84
n 7 em&D 35 rdepf
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n 8 em&D
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85
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86
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87

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aevnf 12 em&D
wdrf;a&Smifvmaom &dk[if*smrsm;udk vufcH&ef UNHCR . awmif;qdkcsufudk b*Fvm;a'h&tpd;k &y,fcs fS

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88
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89
'g&dkufwm0dkif; usyf 15 odef;? tvSLypPnf;ESifh aiGom;pkpkaygif; usyf odef; 5000 cefudk ay;tyfvSL'gef; cJhygonf? jrefrmEkdifiHabmvHk;tzGJcsKyf OuUX OD;aZmfaZmfrS u,fq,fa&;pcef;rsm;odk xyfaqmif; tvSLaiG usyfodef; 1500 cefudk xyfrHay;tyfvSL'gef;cJha=umif; od&onf?

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172
&ckdifvlrsdK;rsm;om &SdaecJha=umif; armifawm+rdK@wGif b*F gvDrsm; vkH;0 r&Sdao;a=umif; odomEkdifygonf? 1824 ckEpwif jzpfym;cJaom yxr t*Fvy-jrefrm ppft+yD; &E ypmcsKyft& S f G G h d f W dk t*Fvdyfvufatmufodk@ usa&mufoGm;aom &ckdifa'oonf t*Fvdyfwkd@ odrf;ydkuf+yD; jzpfaom b*Fvm;e,frsm;ESifh waygif;wnf;wnf&SdcJhygonf? xkdpOfu armifawm+rdK@ vlOD;a&rSm (65487) OD;&Sd+yD; &ckdif/ ouf/ 'kdif;euf/ +rdK/ crGD;wkd@aexkdifaom wkdif;&if;om; aus;&Gm;aygif; 172 &Gm &SdcJhygonf? ,ae@ b*Fvm;a'@&Sfe,fpyfESifh uyfvsufwnf&Sdaom armifawm/ bl;oD; awmif +rdK@e,frsm;onf ajr=oZmaumif;aom jrpf0Srf;vGifjyifjzpfI armifawm+rdK@e,f wpfckwnf;rSmyif pkdufysKd;Ekdfifaom ajr{u (8000) ausmf&SdcJhygonf? 1839 ckESpfwGif ajr&kdif;rsm; wkd;csJ@vkyfukdifEkdifa&;twGuf xkwfjyefcJhaom *&H}uD; Oya't& v,f,m vkyfom; trsm;tjym; vkdtyfvmI ppfwaumif;rS b*F gvDrsm;ESifh r'&yfrS r'&yfpDrsm; trsm;tjym; 0ifa&mufvmcJhygonf? 1869 ckESpfwGif pl;tufwl;ajrmif; azmufvkyf +yD;aemuf qef;pyg;0,fvkdtm; jrifhwufI urBm@qefaps;aumif;ojzifh t*Fvdyfwkd@. qefpyg;wkd;csJ@xkwfvkyfa&; tpDtpOfa=umifh ppfwaumif;om; b*F gvDrsm; &ckdifa'o twGi;f ok@d tvk;H t&if;jzifh xyfr0ifa&mufvmcJygonf? xko@dk 0ifa&mufvmol rsm;jym; H h d vGef;ojzifh 1918 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyfwkd@u armifawm+rdK@rS bl;oD;awmif+rdK@odk@ rD;&xm; vrf;yif azmufvkyfajy;qGJcJha=umif; bl;oD;awmif trSwfwHqdyfyg rD;&xm; "gwfykHjzifh oufaojyEkdifygonf? xk d t csd e f u &ck d i f a 'oonf qef p yg;xk y f v k y f a &;ES i f h uk e f o G , f p D ; yG m ; aumif ; ojzif h ppf w aumif ; EG , f z G m ; b*F gvD w k d @ onf v,f , mvk y f o m;rsm;ES i f h txrf;orm; ulvDvkyfom;rsm;tjzpf trsm;tjym; 0ifa&mufvkyfukdifcJh=uygonf? vkyftm;caps;Elef;rSm b*Fvm;wGifvkyfonfxuf rsm;pGmomvGefojzifh b*F gvDrsm;u &ckdifa'oukd aiGxGuf&mrkdif;wGif;ozG,f oabmxm;cJha=umif; 1877 ckESpfwGif xkwfa0 cJonf Arakan News owif;pmrS Mr.Hay .rSwfwrf;wGif awG@&Sd&ygonf? h xkdokd@0ifa&mufvmaom ppfwaumif;om; b*F gvDrsm;a=umifh bl;oD;awmif ESifh armifawma'orsm;wGif b*F gvDOD;a& tuef@towfr&Sd wkd;yGm;vmI b*F gvDwkd@ +cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;a=umifh &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;rsm; wjznf;jznf; ,kwfavsmhvmygonf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@ay:wGif 1942 ckESpfu rlqviftdrf 17 tdrfom&Sd+yD; vlOD;a& 100 ausmfom&SdcJh&mrS 2009 ckESpfwGif rlqvifOD;a& 280000 &Sdvm+yD; &ckdifOD;a&rSm 51000 ausmfom &SdonfukdawG@&ygonf? jrefrmEkdifiHukd tdEdN,EkdifiHrS cGJxGuf&ef qkH;jzwfcsuft& tdEdN,acgif;aqmif rpPwmqmumESifh jrefrmtpkd;&zufrS *VKefOD;apmwkd@ vl0ifvlxGuf pmcsKyfwpfckukd 1935
ckEpwi}f udKwif csKyfqc=hJ uygonf? xkpmcsKyfukd csKyfq+dk yD;onfaerSpI 3 ESpwwjd ynhrS S f G dk d h f d f pwiftouf0if&ef owfrSwfxm;&m tdEdN,EkdifiHrS cGJxGufa&;udk pwifaqG;aEG; vkuonfEihf ppfwaumif;e,frS b*F gvrsm;onf aemifwif jrefrmEkiio@kd vmcGir&awmh d f S D G dfH hf rnfukd pk;d &drum tvk;H t&if;jzifh 0ifa&mufvm=uygonf? xko@kd 0ifa&mufvmolrsm;rSm f d armifawmESifh bl;oD;awmifwav#muf vrf;rsm;ay:wGif jrifraumif;atmif rsm;jym; vSonf[k qkygonf? b*F gvD ukvm;OD;a& rsm;jym;vmonfEitr# a'ocH &ckiwi;f &if; d S hf d f dk om;rsm;tay: +cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm; pdfefac:r_rsm; &SdvmcJhygonf?
3(c)? 'kwd,urBmppfumv ukvm;-&ckdif ydyuQ

'kwd, urBmppf}uD;twGif; 1942 ckESpfwGif +Adwdo#wkd@ pwifqkwfcGmcsdefY ukvm;-&ckif t"du&k%;f jzpfym;cJygonf? tajccHta=umif;&if;rSm ppfwaumif; a'orS d G h ukvm;rsm; tvk;H t&if;jzifh 0ifa&mufae&m,lvm=u+yD; ukvm;rsm;tm;aumif;vmjcif;/ +Adwdo#wkd@u ukvm;rsm;ukd ajr,mrsm;vkyfukdifcGifhay;vmjcif;/ &ckdifwkd@. v,f,mrsm; qkH;&SKH;vmjcif;ESifh b*F gvDrsm;. v,f,majrykdifqkdifvkdr_ avmbaZm}uD;xGm;vmjcif; ponfhta=umif;&if;rsm; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tjrpfwG,fvm&mrS t"du&k%f; pwifjzpfyGm; cJhjcif; jzpfygonf? +Adwdo#wkd@ pwifqkwfcGmcsdefwGif t*Fvdyfppfwyfu b*F gvDrsm;udk Volunteer Force zGJ@ay;jyD; ukd,fhukdukd,fumuG,f&ef ta=umif;jyum vufeufrsm; wyfqif ay;cJh&mrS ukvm;ppfonfrsm;onf a'ocHukvm;rsm;ESifhyl;aygif;um &ckdiftrsdK;om; rsm;ukd owfjzwfr_rsm; pwifcJhygonf? &ck d i f j ynf t wG i f ; yd k i f ; ajryk H + rd K @e,f w G i f uk v m;rsm;u &ck d i f & G m ol } uD ; tkyfcsKyfonfukd rESpf+rdK@ojzifh ppftwGif; tcGifhomonfESifh acsmif;}uD;&Gmol}uD; nDtukd ESpfOD;ukd owfjzwf=u&mrS &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;wkd@a'goxGufum &ufacsmif;&Gm ukvm; wkd@udk vufpm;acs owfjzwfonfhtwGuf ukvm;-&ckdift"du&k%f; pwifcJhjcif; jzpfyg onf? xkdrSwqifh ajrmufOD;/ ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frsm;odk@ ul;pufoGm;cJh&m xkd+rdK@e,f rsm;rS ukvm;rsm;onf bl;oD;awmif/ armifawm+rdK@e,frsm;okd@ a&muf&Sdvm+yD; xk+d rdK@e,f&Sd ukvm;rsm;ESiy;l aygi;f um a'owGi;f &ckivrsK;d rsm;ukd vufpm;acs owfjzwf hf df l =ujyefygonf? &aohawmif/ bl;oD;awmif/ armifawm+rdK@e,frsm;&Sd &Gmrsm;udkvnf; rD;&d_@ zswfqD;=uonfhtjyif bkef;}uD;ausmif; apwDykxkd;rsm;ukdvnf; zswfqD;=ujyefygonf? ,if;okd@ ysufpD;oGm;jcif;a=umifh bl;oD;awmif armifawm+rdK@e,frsm;wGif ,ae@txd emvefrxlEkdifbJ &ckdif&Gm tenf;i,fom usefygawmhonf? xkdt"du&k%f;a=umifh 'kwd,ta&;ykdif ICS OD;ausmfckdif tygt0if &ckdifvlrsKd;
174
(20000 ) cef@ toufqkH;&_H;cJh=u&ygonf? OD;ausmfckdifukd Volunteer Force tzGJ@0if b*F gvDrlqvifrsm;u }udKqkd[efjyjyD; aoewfjzifhypfI aoqkH;cJh&ygonf? armifawm +rdK@wGif +idrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&ef a&muf&Sdvmaom Akdvf&efatmifwyfrS t&m&Sd ( 2 ) OD;ESifh &Jabmf (3) OD;tm; b*F gvDrsm;rS xrif;pm;zkd@ zdwf=um;um xrif;pm; aepOf aumufuspfpOf;vJpGm owfI aoqkH;cJh&ygonf? Akdvf&efatmifwyf qkwfcGmjyD;aemuf bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,fwGif wkdif;&if;om; aus;&Gmaygi;f (392) &GmESihf Ak'bmom0ifw@dk ausmif;uef bk&m;apwDyx;dk rsm;ukd b*F gvD < k rlqvifrsm;u zswfqD;cJh=uygonf? bl;oD;awmifrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmufoGm;aom wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;onf ausmfawmf/ ajrmufOD;/ rif;jym;+rdK@e,frsm;okd@ xGufajy; wdrf;a&SmifcJh=u&m usef&pfcJhaom u|J / EGm;/ qefa&pyg;rsm;ESifh v,fajrrsm;ukd b*F gvD rlqvifrsm;u odrf;,lcJh=uygonf? 1942 ckESpfu bl;oD;awmif armifawmrS xGufajy;oGm;aom wkdif;&if;om; rsm;ukd 1945 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyfrsm; jyef0ifvm+yD;aemuf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfay;r_a=umifh &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;tcsKd@om rdrdwkd@. rlvaus;&Gmrsm;wGif jyefvnf tajccs EkdifcJhygonf?
3(*)? b*FgvDwkdcGJxGuf&ef}udK;yrf;jcif;
1947 ckESpfwGif b*F gvDwkd@onf ta&S@ygupPwefom;rsm;. axmufcHr_ ulnDr_rsm;ukd&,l+yD; rlqvifjynfe,f xlaxmifa&; jrefrmjynfrScGJxGufI ta&S@ ygupPwefESifh aygif;pnf;a&;wkd@ukd EkdifiHa&; &nf&G,fcsuftjynfhjzifh vkyfaqmifvmcJh =uygonf? b*FgvDwkd@onf ygupPwefacgif;aqmif tvD*sifem;xHokd@ oGm;a&mufjyD; ygupPwef vGwfvyfa&;,lonfhtcg bl;oD;awmif armifawma'oukd ygupPwefESifh yl;aygi;f I &,lay;&efawmif;qkca=umif; tvD*si;f em;rS AkvcsKyfatmifqef;ukd ajymjy&m d hJ d f wGif 4if;ukd,fwkdif cGJxGufa&;udpPrsm;ukd tm;ray;a=umif;xnhfoGif; ajym=um;cJhygonf?
3(C)? rlqvifukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o awmif;qkdjcif;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;jzpfa&;}udK;yrf;jcif;udk t*Fvdyftpkd;&u y,fcscJhjcif;

1947 ckESpfwGif ay:aygufvmaom Jamiatul Ulama North Arakan armifawm XmecsKyfrS +Adwdoo#bk&ifcH A.G Bottomley xHodk@ (24-02-1947) ckESpf ae@pjJG zifh pma&;om;awmif;qk&mwGif armifawm/ bl;oD;awmifEihf &aohawmif+rdK@e,f. d S
wpfpwwpfa'oukd rlqvif ud,yitycsKyfci& a'oay;&ef/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tjzpf d f k f dk f k f G hf d owf r S w f a y;&ef / yif v k H n D v mcH o d k @ wuf a &muf c G i f h j yK&ef ponf j zif h jref r mEk d i f i H wkdif;&if;om; tppftrSefwkd@omv#if &&Sdtyfaom tcGifhta&;rsm;ukdyif vuf&JZuf&J awmif;qkd vmcJh=uygonf? xk d a wmif ; qk d p mud k Governors Camp Burma t*F v d y f b k & if c H . twGif;a&;rSL;&kH;rS (13-03-1947) ae@pGJjzifh jyef=um;aom pmwGif awmif;qkdpmwGif yg&Sdaom oD;jcm;rlqvif udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& jynfe,fay;&ef t*Fvdyftpkd;&u ajymqkd cJhonf[lI u|Ekfyfwkd@wGif taxmuftxm; r&Sdyg? bmoma&; tajccHwpfckwnf;jzifh wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rjzpfEiyg? jrefrmEkiiH tpOftvmwGivnf;aumif; urBm@Eiirsm;. d dk f df f dk f H tpOftvmwGif vnf;aumif; TuJhodk@ xkH;pHr&Sdyg? jrefrmEkdifiH orkdif;a=umif;ukd jyef=unfhygu jrefrmjynf&Sd tjcm;aom jynfe,frsm;onf jrefrmbk&ifrsm;. acwf uwnf;u oD;jcm; vGwfvyfonfhEkdifiHrsm; jzpfcJh=u+yD; jrefrmbk&ifrsm;. odrf;oGif; aygif;pnf;jcif;cHcJh&aom e,fajrrsm;om jzpfygonf? &ckdifa'o&Sd rlqvifwkd@onf &ckdif bk&ifrsm; odk@r[kwf jrefrmbk&ifrsm;. vufatmufwGifom aexkdifcJh=uolrsm; jzpfyg onf? oD;jcm;jynfe,fwpfcktjzpf r&SdcJhyg? ykdifeufe,fajrtjzpf ajym&aomf rlqvif rsm;onf jref r mbk & if y d k i f e uf t wG i f ; aexk d i f c J h = uol r sm;jzpf I rnf o nf h t cgr# tcsKyftjcmykdifcGifhukd awmif;qkdzl;jcif; r&SdcJhyg? ,cktcsdefwGif oD;jcm;jynfe,f awmif;&ef twGuf ta=umif;usKd;qDavsmfjcif; r&Sdyg? xkd@a=umifh bmoma&;wpfckwnf;ukd tajccH+yD; oD;jcm;jynfe,f awmif;qkd ykdifcGifhr&Sdyg? oifwkd@. awmif;qkdr_rsm;onf t*Fvdyfwkd@. tkyfcsKyfa&; vkyfief;rsm;ukd t}uD;tus,f xdckduf&_yfaxG;r_rsm;ukd jzpfapEkdifygonf? yifvkHnDvmcHodk@ wufcGifh awmif;cHjcif;rSmvnf; 1935 ckESpf awmifwef;a'o Oya' tydkif; (1) t& tusKH;r0if ojzifh &ckdifa'oajrmufykdif;ae rlqvifwkd@onf yifvkHnDvmcHokd@ wufa&muf&ef awmif;qkdydkifcGifh r&Sdyg[lI b*F gvDwdk@. awmif;qkdcsuftm;vkH;ukd tusKd;ta=umif; ckdifvkHpGm azmfjyv#uf xkdpOfuwnf;uyif y,fcscJh+yD; jzpfygonf?
3(i)? rl*sm[pf olykefxjcif;ESifh &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;aus;&Gmrsm; xyfrHqkH;&_H; cH&jcif;

xkdokd@ +Adwdo#tpkd;&u vufrcHbJ y,fcscJhaomfvnf; b*F gvDwkd@ awmif;qkd csufrsm;rSm &yfwef@oGm;jcif;r&SdyJ 1948 ckESpf vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;aemuf oDjcm;jynfe,f &&Sda&;ukd pwifawmif;qkdcJh=uygonf? awmif;qkdcsufukd rvkdufavsmv#if vufeufukdif ykefuefr_wpf&yf qifEGJ&ef zqyv tpkd;&tm; +cdrf;ajcmufcJh&m xkdawmif;qkdcsuftm; zqyv tpkd;&rS y,fcscJhygonf? b*F gvDwkd@onf olwkd@. awmif;qkdcsuf ratmifjrif
176
cJojzifh 1949 ckEpwif rdrwi;f jynfEihf bmoma&;tcGita&;ukd wkucuaom ol[k h Sf G d dk S hf d f dk f t"dy`g,f&onfh rl*sm[pf vufeufudkiftzGJ@ukd zGJ@pnf;cJh=uygonf? rl*sm[pftzGJ@rSm Jamiatul Ulama tzGJ@. ajratmufvufeufukdiftzGJ@ wpfckvnf; jzpfygonf? xktzG@J onf 1949 ckEpwif bl;oD;awmif+rdK@udk vufeufuif wkucuc&m ratmifjrif d S f G dk d f dk f hJ cJhyg? xkdtcg aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tm; &ufpuf=urf;=uKwfpGm nSOf;yef; ESdyfpufr_rsm; jyKvkyfcJh=uygonf? wkdif;&if;om;rsm;onf rl*sm[pf aomif;usef;olwkd@. ESypufr'%fudk rcHEiI rdrw@dk . tk;d tdrv,fajrrsm;ukd pGe@f cm+yD; ppfawG/ ausmufawmf d f _ dk f d f G /ajrmufOD;+rdK@rsm;odk@ 'kwd,t}udrf ajymif;a&$@ xGufajy;=u& ygonf? usef&pfcJhaom v,f,majrrsm;udk b*F gvrsm; 0ifa&mufor;f yku+f yD; &cki&mrsm;wGif 0ifa&mufaexki=f u D d d dfG d aoma=umifh &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;rsm;rSm rlvaexkdifcJh&m ae&mrsm;odk@ jyefvnf tajccs aexkdifEkdifcJh=ujcif; r&Sdawmhyg?
3(p)? ppfwaumif;om; b*FgvDrsm;ukdac:oGif;+yD; aus;&Gmrsm; wnfaxmifay;jcif;

zqyv tpkd;&onf rl*sm[pfrsm; +idrfoufap&eftwGuf bl;oD;awmif/ armifawm&Sd b*F gvDacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom ppfwaumif;EG,fzGm; t'l*zm;&f/ qlvweftmruf/ tblvcu/f tblabmfa&Smwk@d tm; ygvref trwfrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,f f dk D ykdifcGifhjyKcJhygonf? tqkdyg ygvDreftrwfrsm;onf 'kwd,t}udrf a&G;aumufyGJY 4if;wkd@ rJEkdifa&;twGuf ppfwaumif;om; b*F gvDrsm;ukd ac:oGif;+yD; pkpkaygif; aus;&Gm (41) &Gmukd wnfaxmifay;cJhzl;ygonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu v,fvkyf olwkdif; v,fvkyfykdifcGifhay;cJh&m v,f,majrrsm;rSm &ckdifwkdif;&if;om; trnfrsm;ayguf aomfvnf; rdrdwkd@. v,f,majrrsm;ukd vkyfukdifcGifh r&&Sdawmhyg?
3(q)? &kd[if*sm Zmwfvrf;pwifjcif;

1951 ckEpf tv,foausmf nDvmcHwif &k[if*sm[k rok;H ao;bJ &ckirqvif S H G d dfl [kom ok;H Ele;f cJonfudk awG@&ygonf? &ckirqvif[k ok;H pGjJ cif;ukd &ckiwi;f &if;om;wk@d u h dfl d f dk uef@uGufjiif;qkdcJh=uojzifh olwkd@udk,folwkd@ &dk[if*sm[k ajymif;vJac:qkdvm=uygonf? 1951 ckESpf / =o*kwfv (20) &ufae@xkwf *g'D;,ef; t*Fvdyf owif;pmY &kd0efnm [laom a0g[m&udk bl;oD;awmifygvDreftrwf t'l*zm;&fu pwifokH;pGJjyD; orkdif;vdrf ukd a&;cJygonf? xkorki;f vdrukd *g';D ,ef; owif;pmYyif &efuewuUovf ausmif;om; h d d f k f dk azmfZHu 1951 ckESpf pufwifbmv (6) &ufY wkH@jyefacsycJhygonf? xkdorkdif;vdrfukd
trfatw[D;&f (ac: ) bom (bl;oD;awmif) u 1960 ckESpf arvxkwf *g'D;,ef; owif;pmY xyfrHwifjyojzifh xkdaqmif;yg;udk 4if;owif;pmYyif &ckdiftrsKd;om; acgif;aqmif OD;bpHu orkdif;vdrfjzpfa=umif; acsycJh+yD; 4if;wkd@rSm ppfwaumif;om;rsm; omjzpfa=umif; xkwfazmfcJhygonf? xkdrSwqifh EkdifiHa&; &nf&G,fcsuf }uD;rm;pGmjzifh &kd[if*smudk jrefrmwkdif;&if;om; jzpfav[efaqmif+yD; bl;oD;awmif/ armifawmESifh &aohawmif a'owpfcsKd@udk aygif;um rlqvifjynfe,f&&Sda&;ukd usm;ukwfusm;cJ }udKpm;cJh=uygonf?
3(Z)? acwfopf &kd[if*smv_yf&Sm;r_

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178
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5? ta&;ay: ulnDapmifha&Smufr_qkdif&m wifjycsuf

(Emergency relief support during emergency period)
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5(u)? ta&;ay:umvtwGif; vkdtyfrnfhtultnDrsm;

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180
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5(c)? usef;rma&; ynmay; vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;

(Health Education)
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wifjytyfygonf?
6? vkH+cKHa&;ESifh wnf+idrfa&;qkdif&m wifjycsuf

(Security & Stability Affairs)
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182
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6(c)? a&&Snfaqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm; (1) b*FgvDvlrsKd;rsm;. vlOD;a& aygufuGJr_ukdxdef;csKyfjcif;

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(2) e,fpyf+cHpnf;&kd;um&Hjcif;
b*Fvma'@&e,fpyfrwqifh jrefrmEkiitwGi;f od@k vlEihf Ekiiawmf vk+H cKHa&;ukd fS S dfH S dfH +cdrf;ajcmufapEkdifaom vufeufrsm;ESifh ukefypPnf;rsm; w&m;r0if 0ifxGufjcif;rsm;ukd wm;qD;Ekdifap&ef &nf&G,fI jrefrmESifh b*Fvma'h&Sf e,fajrcsif; xdpyfaeaom tuGmta0; rkdifw&mausmfwpfav#muf ckdifcef@vkH+cKH pdwfcs&aom e,fpyf+cHpnf;&kd;ukd um&Hoifhyga=umif; wifjytyfygonf?
184
(3) vlom;wHwkdif;jzifh um&Hjcif;

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(4) 1982 ckESpfjrefrmEkdifiHom; Oya'udk ydkrkdckdifrmatmifjyifqif&ef vkdtyfjcif;

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(5) vkH+cKHa&;qkdif&mvkdtyfcsuft& =unf;/ a&/ av qkdif&m wyfzGJrsm; csxm;jcif;ESifh e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ hrsm; zGJ hpnf;ay;jcif;
jrefrmEkdifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf EkdifiHwkd@onf yx0D taetxm;t& ajrjyif/ a&jyif e,ferdwfcsif;xdpyfaeonfhtwGuf a&a=umif;ukefa=umif;wkd@rS tcsdefra&G; pdrfh0ifvmEkdifonfh tE W&m,fukd umuG,f&efESifh jrefrmEkdifiH e,fpyfa'oae wkdif;&if; om;rsm; t=urf;zufrsKd;wkef; owfjzwfcH&r_ tE W&m,frS uif;vGwfap&ef &nf&G,fcsuf rsm;jzifh &ckdifa'ocHvli,frsm;tjyif ucsif/ u,m;/ u&if/ csif;/ Arm/ rGef/ &ckdif/ &Srf; ponfh tjcm; wkdif;&if;om;aygif;pkHyg0ifonfh e,fjcm;apmifhwyf
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7? jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;qkdif&m wifjycsuf

(Resettlement & Rehabilitation)
wki;f &if;om;vnf;r[kwf Ekiiom;vnf; r[kwaom w&m;r0if ck;d 0ifvmol d dfH f b*F gvDrsm;. t=urf;zufr_&efrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmufvmol a'ocH 'kuQonfrsm;tm; jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESihf jyefvnfxaxmifa&;vkyief;rsm;udk a&wkd a&&Snf aqmif&uf l f G ay;&mY xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm;ukd atmufwGif azmfjyxm;tyfygonf?
7(u)? pdwfydkif;qdkif&m vHk+cHKr_&Sdap&eftwGuf aqmif&Guf&eftcsufrsm;

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186
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7(c)? toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyfief;rsm; pDpOfay;jcif;

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aexdkifa&;yg pDpOfay;&ef/ (3) tjcm;aom vdktyfonfh Xmersm;zGifhvSpfay;+yD; 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf aexkdifa&; pDpOf ay;&ef/ (4) wm0efxrf;aqmif=urnfh 0efxrf;rsm;tm; txl;udpPwpf&yftaejzifh vHkavmuf aomaxmufyHhaiGxkwfay;&ef/ (5) ae&mcsxm;ay;jcif; cH&olrsm;teuf p&dkufqdk;olrsm; &mZ0wfr_ usL;vGefzl;olrsm; yg0ifygu ,if;wdk@tm; pmaya[majymyGJrsm; tygt0if trsdK;om;pdwf"mwfjyefvnf &Sifoefvmonfh pdwf"mwfjrSifhwifa&; ynmay;tpDtpOf;rsm; aqmif&Gufay;&ef/ (6) ae&mcsxm;jcif;cH&olrsm;twGuf A[kokw&ap&ef &kyfjrifoH=um;pufrsm; wyfqifxm;aom pmzwfcef;rsm;ESifh pm=unfhwdkufrsm; wnfaqmufay;&ef/ (7) pdwfydkif;&kyfydkif;qdkif&m vHk+cHKr_eSifh pufr_zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf vSsyfppfrD;&&Sda&; pDrHaqmif&Gufay;&ef/
7(C)? aus;&GmvkH+cHKa&;ESifh t*wdw&m;uif;&Sif;a&;

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188
7(i)? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;Y aiGa=u;axmufyHhjcif;

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8? awG h&Sdcsufrsm;tay: +cHKiHkoHk;oyfcsufrsm;

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The History Record of The Flame On The West Door of Burma in 2012

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