`1DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL GHAZIABAD SUMMER ERUDITION 2011 CLASS IX

100 YEARS OF DELHI AS NATIONAL CAPITAL

Delhi, as the National Capital of modern day India turns one hundred years old (or some would say young) today. On 12 December, 1911 the National Capital of the then colonized India was shifted by the British from Kolkata to Delhi. With this, the political focus also shifted and Delhi was re-established as the center for ruling the Indian sub-continent. This was not the first time that Delhi, which has reference dating back to 1450 BC, became a capital. Between the 12th and the 19th century AD, Delhi was the capital for many rulers. Siri, Tughlakabad, Jahanapanah, Ferozabad, Dinpanah, Shergarh and Shahajahanabad are the historic seven cities that took shape in Delhi. Shahajahanabad, built by Shah Jahan between 1639 and 1648 AD remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until 1857. The eighth city, or the present New Delhi, was built by the British Empire and is the one which is celebrating its 100 years today. What needs to be understood here is the reason that made Delhi the capital-of-choice for many a rulers in recorded history. The answer is not too hidden and lies in the citys landscape and topography. Two characteristic geographic features River Yamuna and the Delhi Ridge are indeed the reason why Delhi enjoyed the status that it still does. Now aptly called the lifelines of Delhi, the Yamuna and the Ridge are Delhis natural resources that have served the city since time immemorial. While River Yamuna ensures the much needed water which is essential for the survival and sustenance of any settlement, the Ridge, the extension of the Aravali range, provides a natural protection thus making Delhi a site of strategic importance. The river on one side and the Ridge on the other made Delhi the perfect capital for any man who had a dream to conquer, conquest and rule. It is a matter of separate discussion that any man who made Delhi his capital could not really last his rule. When the lifelines of a system are damaged, its sustainability becomes difficult and its ability to host life impossible. Delhis survival and sustainability is intricately linked to the health of the Delhi Ridge and River Yamuna. The Ridge acts as the green lungs, an air purifier, provides a green refuge and what not. The River brings all forms of water surface, rain and ground water for the citizens of Delhi and replenishes us. But in the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, most of us forget this and remain detached from the essential reality that we too are part of the ecosystem and will be impacted by any unnatural adverse change. It is now time to realize this truth and be more aware and informed about our surroundings. On this 100 year capital celebration, give Delhi the gift it deserves. Give it some of your time and it will only be an investment in your own future. Heres a toast to a forever Delhi!

The royal procession, which marked the beginning of the Delhi Durbar to reach the kings pavilion at Kingsway camp. The five mile procession started from the Red Fort and went towards Jama Masjid and Chandini Chowk. The Darbar, held on December 12, 1911.

This is an integrated project where in all academic subjects would have individual projects:

Details : all subjects have one project each. Each project carries 5 marks (to be evaluated in FA 1) Date of submission : 30 June 2011

ENGLISH
Objective: The students will be able to analyse and appreciate the rich and varied heritage of Delhi. Value: Change is imperative for growth and development. Choose any one topic: a) Design a poster on 100 years of Delhi highlighting any of the following facets.(eg cultural diversity, linguistic diversity, cuisines, political parties) b) Compose a poem highlighting the rich cultural heritage/ historical importance of Delhi. c) Design a humorous cartoon strip targeting any major event/ political upheaval in Delhi in the last 100 years. d) Prepare a report in about 150-200 words comparing any one monument/ building of architectural importance that was built in the first half to the one that was built in the second half of the last 100 years of Delhi with respect to their layout, design, material used, purpose with which it was built. (1911-1961) India Gate, Rashtrapati Bhawan (1961-2011) Lotus Temple, Akshardham Temple LIFELINES: Internet Magazines Newspaper STUDENTS WILL BE EVALUATED ON THE BASIS OF: Content 1 mark Presentation 1 mark Accuracy 1 mark Creativity 1 mark Punctuality 1 mark TOTAL : 5 marks
Swaminarayan Akshardham in New Delhi epitomises 10,000 years of Indian culture in all its breathtaking grandeur, beauty, wisdom and bliss. It brilliantly showcases the essence of Indias ancient architecture, traditions and timeless spiritual messages. The Akshardham experience is an enlightening journey through Indias glorious art, values and contributions for the progress, happiness and harmony of mankind. The grand, ancient-styled Swaminarayan Akshardham complex was built in only five years with the colossal devotional efforts of 11,000 artisans and BAPS volunteers. The complex was inaugurated on 6 November, 2005. For the first time ever in the world witness the heritage of India in all its facets, insights and beauty at the Swaminarayan Akshardham through its mandir, exhibitions, verdant gardens and other attractions.

The Rashtrapati Bhavan the Official Residence of the Head of the State is the official residence of the President of India, located at Raisina hill in New Delhi, India. Until 1950 it was known as "Viceroy's House". At present, it is the largest residence of any Chief of the State in the world. The construction of the building was planned for 4 years, but World War I intervened and construction required 19 years to complete. Its first occupant, Lord Irwin, began occupation on Jan. 23, 1931. It is the current residence of President of India. The Rashtrapati Bhavan is a large and vast mansion with four floors and has 340 rooms. It is built on a floor area of 200,000 square feet satellite cities come under Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, which are yet to release their district-level data, the picture of the urban sprawl's growth as a whole remains incomplete.

HINDI
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MATHS

Enhancing an economys productive capabilities over an increasing range of manufactured goods is an integral part of economic development. A vital factor in the development of industries and expansion of trade is the availability of means of transport and communications. Cheap and abundant power supply, transport facilities and availability of financial resources are the basic conditions required for expansion of industry and trade. Fifth Economic Census 2005 in Delhi As per the 5th economic census held in Delhi during 2005, Delhi was ranked 16th in the All India ranking (based on the result of 35 states and UTs) in respect of number of establishments contributing about 1.80% of the total establishments in India. The total number of establishments found to be operating during 2005 in the geographical boundaries of the NCT of Delhi was 7.58 lacs. 99.57% of these establishments were non agricultural and 0.43 % were agricultural in nature. Most of the establishments were located in the Urban area i.e. upto 96.52% of total establishments and 3.48% were in rural area. Major economic activity undertaken in the NCT of Delhi is in retail trade which has 48.9% share in the total establishments followed by manufacturing (including repair) - 18.19% and community, social, personal services and other activities 9.99%. As regards employment position, Delhi was ranked 12th in all India ranking. In respect of employment contributing about 3.61% of the total employment in India. The total number of persons employed in establishments was 35.56 lacs and the average employment for establishments comes to 4.69 persons. Employment registered and annual growth rate of 0.23 % during 1998-2005. Share of females in the total employment was only 10.50% (3.73 lacs). The District- wise profile of Economic Census 2005 North-West District with the share of 17.30% in the total number of establishments is the leading district followed by South District (13.83%) and West District (13.37%). In the case of employment South District with 16.54% share in the total employment is leading followed by North-West District (14.91%) and North-East District (12.74%). INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2008-2009 The density, i.e. Establishments per sq. km. was highest in Central District (3223) followed by North-East District (1625) and East District (1492). The major economic activity group Retail Trade is dominating more or less in all the Districts. Important Characteristics of Industry Sector in Delhi Contribution of various industries to GSDP: In terms of the contribution to Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), the industrial scenario of Delhi is predominated by the Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services sector followed with Trade, Hotels and Restaurants. The total value of GSDP in 2007-08 as per quick estimates is Rs. 143911 crore, to which, the contribution of Primary Sector is 0.70% (Rs. 1006 crore), 20.25 % by the Secondary Sector (Rs. 29143 crore) and 79.05% by the Tertiary Sector (Rs. 113761 crore). Share of various major industry groups in the total GSDP in 2007-08 is depicted in the diagram below:

Objective: To analyse and appreciate the Economic Development of Delhi. Task: After reading the information given and analysing the pie chart, answer the following questions: i. ii. Calculate the central angle corresponding to maximum and minimum economic activities. How many agricultural establishments (in lacs) were found to be operating in the geographical boundaries of the NCT of Delhi during 2005? By what amount (in lacs) is the contribution of manufacturing more than that of Primary sector? Analyse the factors responsible in the development of industries and expansion of trade. The major economy activity undertaken in the NCT of Delhi is in Retail Trade. Give TWO reasons to support the above statement.

iii. iv. v.

Rubric:
Content Interpretation Analysis Accuracy 2 marks 1 mark 1 mark 1 mark

Vehicular Pollution in Delhi Delhi's current vehicle population is more than 3.4 million. Which stood at 1.9 million in 1991 registering a growth rate of 7% per annum. About two-Third of the Motor Vehicles are two Wheelers. It is estimated that vehicular pollution accounts for about two-third of the air pollution in Delhi. Due to increase in growth of vehicle the vehicular pollution load increased from 1990-91 to 1995-96. However, a decrease has been witnessed in recent years with the implementation of several control measures Know the Exhaust Emission Standards The pollution standards for in use vehicles have been prescribed under Rule 115(2) of Central Motor vehicles Rules, 1989. They are: Petrol Vehicles: a) Idling Carbon Monoxide Emission limit for all four wheeled petrol driven vehicles should not exceed 3%. b) Idling Carbon Monoxide emission limit for all two and three wheeled petrol driven vehicles should not exceed 4.5%. Diesel Vehicles: Smoke density for all diesel driven vehicles should not exceed 65 hat ridge Smoke Units.. Effects of vehicular Pollution on Human Health The vehicular pollutants have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. the human health effects of air pollution vary in the degree of severity, covering a range of minor effects to serious illness. as well as premature death in certain cases. These pollutants are believed to directly affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In particular, high levels of Sulphur dioxide and Suspended Particulate Matter are associated with increased mortality, morbidity and impaired pulmonary function. Pollutant Effect on Human Health Carbon Monoxide Affects the cardio vascular system, exacerbating cardiovascular disease symptoms, particularly angina; may also particularly affect fetuses, sick, anemic and young children, affects nervous system impairing physical coordination, vision and judgment, creating nausea and headaches, reducing productivity and increasing personal discomfort.

SCIENCE

Objective: To analyse and appreciate the Economic Development of Delhi. ESTIMATED VEHICULAR EMISSION LOAD IN DELHI
Pollutants Pollution load in thousand tonnes Percentage (%) reduction as 1990-91 1995-96 1998-99 compared to 1995-96 10 139 19 0.190 243 0.83 493 1351 15 207 28 0.362 351 113 714 1947 11 182 21 0.007 337 115 666 1825 27 12 25 97 4 +2 -11

Nitrogen Oxides

Increased susceptibility to infections, pulmonary diseases, impairment of lung function and eye, nose and throat irritations. Affect lung function adversely. Fine particulate matter may be toxic in itself or may carry toxic (including carcinogenic) trace substance, and can alter the immune system. Fine particulates penetrate deep into the respiratory system irritating lung tissue and causing longterm disorders. Impairs liver and kidney, causes brain damage in children resulting in lower I.Q., hyperactivity and reduced ability to concentrate. Bothe toxic and carcinogenic. Excessive incidence of leukemia (blood cancer) in high exposure areas.

Sulphur Dioxide Particulate Matter and Respirable Particulate Matter (SPM and RPM)

Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Particulate Mater Lead Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarbons Total Pollution Load Emission load in

Lead

Benzene

Tonnes/day After reading the given information and analyzing the data answer the following questions: i. ii. iii. iv. Take pollutant load in thousand tones for sulphur dioxide on y axis and year of calculation on x axis and plot a line graph between them. What measures have been introduced by Delhi Government to control this menace? NEW DELHI: Adding just 30 lakh people in the last 10 years, Delhi experienced Name the air pollutant which can affect cardio vascular system? its slowest population growth in almost a century. The decadal growth rate of 21% Suggest any two measures to address this problem was less than half the figure of 47% for the previous decade. Census officials more effectively? attributed this to a combination of declining fertility and mass slum demolitions.

Assessment Parameters: i. ii. iii. iv. Correct labeling of axis and choice of scale for line graph (1m) and correct plotting of line graph (1m) Any two measures (1/2 + m) Identification of air pollutant (1m) Any two viable measures suggested (1/2 + m)

SOCIAL STUDIES
Use this information to analyse the data given below and answer the following questions:

Population Growth of Delhi Pop. % 405,819 413,851 488,452 636,246 917,939 1,744,072 2,658,612 4,065,698 6,220,406 9,420,644 13,782,976

2.0% 18.0% 30.3% 44.3% 90.0% 52.4% 52.9% 53.0% 51.4% 46.3%

Provisional district-level data released by Varsha Joshi, director of census operations for NCT, said this is the lowest decadal growth rate since 1921. The population of 1.68 crore is therefore also much less than the 1.85 crore projected for 2011 after the 2001 census. "It is time to stop thinking in terms of over-population. Delhi's population is stabilizing... and the focus now needs to be on delivering services to the people," Joshi said. However,with the population of major cities in the larger urban agglomeration Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida and Ghaziabad expected to post a large increase, 'greater Delhi' is likely to have grown much faster than these numbers suggest. Slums gone, people moved out displaced & missing Only 32,000 families have been relocated in rehabilitation colonies in Northwest and South districts. The slowdown is also attributed majorly to the drop in fertility rate Delhi has experienced its slowest population growth in almost 100 years; but 'greater Delhi' or the NCR region may have seen a substantial hike in population. Since these satellite cities come under Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, which are yet to release their district-level data, the picture of the urban sprawl's growth as a whole remains incomplete. Within Delhi, the population of the two smallest districts in the heart of the NCT New Delhi and Central Delhi has declined sharply by 25.4% and 10.5% respectively. This means that New Delhi lost a quarter of its population over the last 10 years, while Central Delhi lost over a tenth. This trend was seen in Mumbai city, too, which experienced a 6% drop in its population. New Delhi and Central Delhi are, however, Delhi's smallest districts in terms of population. New Delhi, which extends from the edge of Jhandewalan in the north to Chanakyapuri in the south, houses most of the city's government buildings and has a resident population of just 1.3 lakh. Central Delhi extends from Karol Bagh in the west to the Yamuna and includes Old Delhi. Joshi attributed the fall to the removal of slum settlements and the consequent displacement of poorer residents. New Delhi's population declined once in the past between 1971 and 1981, but at a much slower rate. Central Delhi's population, meanwhile, has been dropping every decade since 1971. Where the core is shrinking, the periphery is expanding. The fastest growing district was South-West Delhi , which adjoins Haryana and includes Najafgarh, Dwarka, Dhaula Kuan, R K Puram, Vasant Vihar and Delhi cantonment. The new sub-city of Dwarka is a major growth pole here, as is Najafgarh. The next fastest growing district is also Delhi's largest, North-West Delhi, which includes Narela, Alipur, Mangoplpuri, Wazirpur and Rohini. This district is the largest in size and also has the largest population, 36.5 lakh. It is home to several rehabilitation colonies of people displaced from elsewhere in the city as also industrial estates. In every district, though, the growth rate is less than it was in the previous decade. This slowdown could largely be attributed to a fall in fertility the proportion of population in the 0-6 age group has fallen from 14.56% in 2001 to 11.76% in 2011. This is in line with a generalized decline in fertility in most of the country . Such is the fall in fertility that Delhi's 0-6 population has declined in absolute terms too by 46,000. This fall is attributed to the removal of slum settlements in the Yamuna-Pushta belt, Gautam Nagar and Kalka Mandir as well as from various parts of the city during the run-up to the Commonwealth Games. Of the several lakh people displaced as a result of these demolitions, only 32,000 families, or 1.5 lakh people, have been officially relocated in rehabilitation colonies in the North-West and South districts. This leaves lakhs of people unaccounted for. They may have settled in slums elsewhere or may have left the city. Another trend that affected population was the conversion of residential areas into commercial ones, thus using up housing stock, most visible in Old Delhi and Karol Bagh, Joshi said. As a result, long-time residents were moving to more

16,753,235 21.6% Huge population rise in 1951 due to large scale migration after Partition of India in 1947. 1. 2. 3. 4. Name the census in which the maximum growth of the population in Delhi happened. Give reason to support your answer. Analyse any two factors responsible for minimum population growth in Delhi in last decade. Visualise the scenario of population growth in Delhi in the coming years and analyse what would be its implications. Why is there a sharp decline in population growth in central Delhi where as the population of sub-city is rapidly increasing.

Rubrics: Content: 3 marks Analytical skills: 1 mark Presentation: 1 marks