Factors

Subsistence Farming Land size Small plot of land Labour type Family members Capital cost Low capital input Types of Natural fertilisers fertilisers Tools/machin Traditional es tools/machines Level of Low level technology Output For own use SHIFTING CULTIVATION Inputs

Commercial Farming Large plot of land Hired workers High capital input Chemical fertilisers High technology tools/machines High level For sale

Outputs

Physical factors Human factors Processes Slash and burn forest Problems Soil erosion Ranching and logging are decreasing this agriculture

Low inputs Manual labour an simple tools (sticks) Ashes as fertiliser Seeds from previous harvest Low or no capital Crops for the family Rice, maize, potatoes, bananas and vegetables Rainforests High rainfall, high temperature Low educational level

WET RICE CULTIVATION Inputs High inputs Large amount of manual labour Low capital Seed from previous harvest Animal manure Outputs High outputs Crops for the family Rice and vegetables 2000 million people have as staple food Physical High rainfall factors Average temperature over 20 Alluvial soil (clayey) Human Low levels of technology factors Small farms High density of population Processes Irrigation provides more than one crop per year. Planting and transplanting by hand Problems Very small farms Farmer too poor to invest and improving INTENSIVE COMMERCIAL FARMING Inputs High inputs High capital Outputs High yields Market garden (different crops) Physical Soils improved with chemical

factors

fertilisers Greenhouses allow growing withe extreme weather Human High levels of technology. factors Mechanization Inmigrant workers Processes Animals kept indoors Quick answer on changes in market. Problems Shortage of workers EXTENSIVE COMMERCIAL FARMING Inputs High inputs High capital Highly mechanized HYV and/or GMO seeds Outputs Low yields Monoculture Cereals, potatoes, sugar beet... Physical Soils improved with chemical factors fertilisers Human High levels of technology. factors Mechanization Very few workers Processes Ploughing, sowing, fertilize, pesticides, and harvest. Rotation of crops Problems Soil erosion Water pollution by fertilisers Subsidies Cheaper imports

PLANTATION Inputs Flat lands Chemical fertilisers and pesticides High capital HYVs Lot of hired workers Outputs Crops for export Massive output monoculture tea, coffee, spices, oil palm, rubber, cocoa Physical Tropical climates factors Flat but also mountainous lands. Human Developed in eighteenth and factors nineteenth centuries by colonialist countries. Large employers of local people. Processes Exporting crops. High levels of technology but also a lot of manual labour. Problems Few money in the original country Plantations owned by TNCs Fluctuations in prices Soil erosion Hunger