ENGL518 LeiZhang Oct8,2007

IntroductiontoConditionalSentenceTypeI
Descriptionofgrammarpoint:ConditionalsentencetypeIconsistsoftwoparts,the dependent/subordinate if clause and the main will clause. The dependent if clause usuallyindicatesarealorpossiblesituationthatcanhappeninthepresentorinthe future (I may go shopping), and the main will clause expresses the result of the condition(Iwillspendsomemoney).ConditionalsentencetypeIisoftencalledthe "real"conditionalbecauseitisusedforrealorpossiblesituations.Thesesituations takeplaceifacertainconditionismet. TheprobleminusingconditionalsentencetypeIcomesfromtheincompatibilityof the tenses in dependent and result clauses. In dependent if clause, present simple tense is used to express a present or future situation that is going to happen. However, in result clause, simple future, indicated by will, is used to express the resultofafuturesituation. Conditional sentence type I varies in its structure when dependent if clause and main/resultclauseexchangetheirpositions.Thesentencecanbeformedbytheuse ofthepresentsimpleinifclausefollowedbyacommaandwill+verb(baseform)in the result clause. The result clause can also be put first without using a comma between the clauses. In both conditions, the meaning ofthe sentence remains the same.

LessonPlan:
1. Teaching Aim: This lesson aims to help ESL students familiarize with form/use/meaning of conditional sentence type 1 (the real if conditional). The lessoncombinestheexplicitandimplicitteachingofgrammarandisconducted inameaningfocusedway. 2.Background: Setting:ahighschoolESL/EFLclass Classsize:1520people Level:beginningorlowintermediate Time:120minutes 3.TeachingAids:Multimediacomputer&projector

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 4.AnInductiveWarmUpActivity(20min):Pleaselistentoadialoghappenedina travelagencyandthenanswerquestions. A:Goodmorning. B:Goodmorning.MayIhelpyou? A:It'smyweddinganniversarynextmonth.Iwanttosurprisemyhusbandwitha wonderfulvacationplan.Wouldyourecommendsomefamousplaces? B:Ofcourse.Em,ifyougotoEurope,you'llhaveawonderfultimeforyourwedding anniversary.IfyougotoLondon,youcangotoBuckinghamPalaceandyoumight evenseetheQueen'sguardsthere.IfyougotoFrance,youcangotothe sidewalkcafeanddrinkFrenchwinewithyourhusband.And... A:Well,it'soutsidetheU.S. B:Oh.YouwanttostayintheU.S.IfyougotoCalifornia,youmightgotoYosemite NationalParkorDisneyland. A:YosemiteNationalPark?WhatwillIseeifIgotoYosemitePark? B:IfyougotoYosemitePark,you'llseegianttrees,mountains,bears.... A:But,Idon'tlikebears. B:IfyougotoDisneyland,youwon'tseeanybears.You'llseeMickeyMouse.Isn't thatinteresting?Well,ifyouhavechildren... A:Well,it'sinteresting,but....B:O.K.Whatdoyouliketodoinyourfreetime? A:Well,Ilikeskiing. B:Ifyoulikeskiing,youcangotoColorado. A:Butmyhusbanddoesn'tlikeskiing. B:Ifyourhusbanddoesn'tlikeskiing,probablyhewon'tliketogothere.Whatdoes helike? A:Helikesfishing. B:Oh,youcanstillenjoyfishingatmanybeautifullakesifyougotoColorado. A:ButIdon'tlikefishing.Andifitrains,wecan'tgofishing. B:Then,howaboutHawaii?Hawaiiisreallygreat.IfyougotoHawaii,youcangoto WaikikiBeach,youcantakearomanticcruisefortwo,youcanseebeautiful sunsetatthebeach,youcanseepalmtrees,beautifulflowers,andprettygirls wearingleis. A:It'sgorgeous.Butwewentthereonourhoneymoonjustafterwegotmarried. B:Well,thisisyourweddinganniversary.Youcanreliveyourromantichoneymoonif yougothereagain. A:Oh,thatsoundsgood.Ijustlovehuladances,andwecangosurfing.We'llgoto Hawaii. a)Comprehensionquestions: 1.IfyougotoLondon,whatplacewillyougoto? 2.IfyougotoCalifornia,whatfamousplaceswillyouvisit? 3.IfyougotoDisneyland,whatwillyousee? 4.IfyougotoHawaii,whichplacewillyougoto?

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 b)Groupdiscussion:Readthefollowingsentenceschosenfromthedialog,tryto generalizethebasicstructureofConditionalSentencestype1. IfyougotoEurope,you'llhaveawonderfultimeforyourweddinganniversary. IfyougotoYosemitePark,you'llseegianttrees,mountains,bears.... IfyougotoDisneyland,youwon'tseeanybears.You'llseeMickeyMouse. 5.IntroductiontoConditionalSentenceType1(10min) ConditionalSentenceTypeIexpressesrealorpossiblesituationsthatcanhappenin thepresentorinthefuture.Theyarealsocalledrealconditionalsentencesbecause theexpectedresultinthemainclausedependsontherealorpossibleconditionin thedependentifclause. Therealorpossibleconditionisexpressedwithifandthesimplepresent,evenwhen the situation refers to the future. The expected result is expressed with will or be goingto:IfJoecallsmetonight,Illtellhimmyplans. PARTI:FORM A:TwoBasicStructures IF Condition(presentsimple) If IseeMary, If Taraisfreetomorrow, If they donotpasstheirexam, Result(WILL+baseverb) IwilltellMary HewillinviteTara Theirteacherwillbesad IF if if if Result(WILL+baseverb) Iwilltellher. hewillinviteher. theirteacherwillbesad. Condition(presentsimple) Iseeher. sheisfreetomorrow. they donotpasstheirexam.

Explanation:Inbothstructures,themeaningofConditionalSentenceType1remains thesame. Punctuation: a coma follows when if dependent/subordinate clause isput in front. Butwhenresultclauseisputinfront,acomaisnotneeded. Drill1:GettingfamiliarwiththestructureofConditionalSentenceTypeI(10min) a).CompletetheConditionalSentences(TypeI)byputtingtheverbsintothecorrect form.

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Ifyou(send) thisletternow,she(receive) ittomorrow. IfI(do) thistest,I(improve) myEnglish. IfI(find) yourring,I(give) itbacktoyou. Peggy(go) shoppingifshe(have) timeintheafternoon. Simon(go) toLondonnextweekifhe(get) acheapflight. b). Group work and discussion: Write five if dependent/subordinate clauses. Be imaginative when creating them and make them as funny or interesting as you wish.Thenexchangetheclauseswithanothergroupandwriteresult/mainclauses forthem.Finally,readthecompletesentencesaloudtotheclass. Example:Step1:Ifitrains,.. Step2:[Afterexchange,completethewholesentence] Ifitrains,dyingcropswillbesaved. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Explanation: Exercise a) is a traditional drill used in grammar teaching to have studentsfamiliarizewiththeformoftargetgrammarpoint.Exerciseb)strengthens students understanding of form and helps them use the structure in a communicativeandinteractivesetting. B:NegationofConditionalSentenceType1(10min) A AffirmativeCondition NegativeResult Ifitrains, Wewillpostponeoursportsmeeting B NegativeCondition AffirmativeResult Ifitdoesn'train, Wewillgofishing. C NegativeCondition NegativeResult Ifhedoesn'tlikeskiing, Hewon'tgotoColorado. Drill2:Gettingfamiliarwithnegation a)SentenceCompletionandTransformation:Completethesentencefirstandthen changeitfromaffirmationtonegation Example:Ifthemovieisinteresting, Ifthemovieisinteresting,Illgoandseeit. Ifthemovieisntinteresting,Iwontgoandseeit. 1.Ifitissunnytomorrow, 2.Iftheadmissionisfreeforeveryone, 3.Ifhearrivesontime, 4.Ifmysistereatupallthecakes, 5.Iwillcallyouif 6.Myfamilywillgotothezooif 7.Hewillfindajobif 8.Iwilllendyoumytextbookif
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b)Workinsmallgroup,usingifconditionalnegationtogivewarnings. [Situation]: Your neighbors are a group of young college students and they like parties.Youdontmindthenoisebetween8:00pmto12:00pm,but its now 2:30 am! You have already talked politely with them several timesandaskedthemtoendpartiesbeforemidnight,buttheydidnt listen.Nowyouretotallymad.Youhavetogetuptoworktomorrow at7:00am. Example:Ifthemusicdoesntstopimmediately,Iwillcallthepolice. PARTII:MEANINGANDUSESituationswhereConditionalSentenceType1isused Conditional Sentence Type I is frequently used to give warnings, to offer advice, to makepromiseandtostateadvantagesordisadvantages.(Seethefollowingchart) Warning Advice Promise Ifyousmoke,youlldamageyourlungs. Ifyoutakethismedicine,youllfeelbettersoon. IfIwintheelection,Iwontraisetaxes

Advantages/Disadvantages If you buy a small car, you will get better gas mileage/ youwillhavelittleroom. Drill3Givingwarnings (15min) Readthefollowingsituationswherethespeakerisannoyedandisgoingtowarnthe listener. Make up appropriate warnings and threats for each situation using if conditionalsentences. 1.Youand yourfriendsareinarestaurantforlunch.Therestaurantisntbusy,but you have been waiting 40 minutes for your sandwich. You and your friends are very hungry and you have to go back to work soon. Youve already asked the waitertwiceaboutyourorder. 2. Some students are constantly chatting in your class and pay no heed to your warning. 3.Youlittlesonalwaysforgetstotakeoffhismuddyshoeswhenenteringtheroom inrainydays. Drill4:GivingAdvice (10min) a). Read these statements of advice and rewrite them as if conditional sentences with if clauses in the simple present and result clauses with will. Notice that the meaningisthesame. 1.Takemyadviceandyourtroubleswillbeover. ________________________________________________ 2.Gotosleepearlyandyoullfeelbetterinthemorning. ________________________________________________ 3.Pickthebabyandhellstopcrying. ________________________________________________
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4.Readforawhileandyoullfallasleepeasily. ________________________________________________ b).Workindividuallyorcollaboratively,createabriefguideforthefollowingtopics 1.Acourseselectionguideforcomingnewstudentsastowhichcoursesareworth takingandwhicharenot 2.Adviceonwhattoeatinyourhomecountry 3.AguideonhowtouseseveraldifferentuploadingsoftwarestouploadfiletoaFTP server. 4.Anyguideoradviceyoucouldcomeupwithyourself Drill5:MakingPromises (10min) Imagine you are a candidate running for the president of the university you are attending. In your campaign speeches, you often make promises. Give promises usingthewordsinparenthesesandthenannouncethemtotheclass. Examples:(cuttingclassesandreduceworkload) IfIamelectedpresidentofXXXUniversity,Iwillcutclassesandreduceworkload. 1.(raisemorefundsforstudentswelfare) 2.(improvediningoncampus/lessprice/highquality) 3.(createmorestudentemploymentopportunities) 4.(updateschoolfacilities) 5.(encouragestudenttosetuptheirownorganizations) 610.(createyourownpromises) Drill6:StatingAdvantagesandDisadvantages (15min) Workwithapartner.Imagineyouwanttomove.Youaretryingtodecidebetween twoapartments.OneisthefirstfloorofahouseonS5thStreet;theotherisonthe thirdfloorofalargeapartmentbuildingonStantonAvenue.Taketurnsmakingupif conditional sentences that describe the advantages and disadvantages of each location S5thStreet1stfloorofahouse Advantages Disadvantages Location Onaquietstreet Farfromshoppingmalls Closetogroceries Farfromcampus Closetobusstop Onlyonebusroutenearby Rent/Utilities Lowerrent Higherutilities InsideSpace Twofloors Darkkitchen Bigclosets Smallbedrooms Largelivingroom Worncarpeting Oldfurniture OutsideSpace Abeautifulparknearby Alawntomow StantonAvenue3rdfloorofanapartmentbuilding
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 Location

Rent/Utilities InsideSpace

OutsideSpace

Advantages Disadvantages Closetoacampusbookstore Onabusy,noisyavenue Close to shopping mall and gas Poorparking station Farfromfoodstores Closetocampus Lowerutilities Higherrent Bigbedroom Smalllivingroom Bigrefrigerator Littleclosetspace Bigkitchen Fewfurniture Poorinternetconnection Alargebalcony Few lawns and trees nearby

Drill7:CulminatingActivity (20min) Dividestudentsintogroupsthatincludedifferentculturalbackgrounds,askthemto list rules/customs that applied to the following settings in their own country using conditionalsentences,then,goontodiscussaboutsomesimilaritiesanddifferences ofthelistedrules/customs. Mealtimeetiquette Dating Punctuality Goingoutwithfriendsatnight WatchingtelevisionorplayingPCgames Makinglongdistancephonescalls Stayingatfriendshouses Cafeteriaandcinemarules 6.Conclusion:Abriefanalysisofform/meaning/useparadigmintheplan Thislessonplanbasicallyconsistsoftwoparts,PartIfocusesontheformoftarget grammarpoint,whereexplicitteachingmethodisappliedandstudentsareexposed to basic structures, variations, and negations of target grammar point to form a generalideaofit.Somedrillsarefollowedtostrengthenstudentsshortmemoryof the grammar point. In Part II, meaningfocused teaching method is used to help studentsusetargetgrammarinvariouscontextsfordifferentpurposesandstudents outputoftargetgrammarisencouragedviagroupdiscussion,pairworkanddialogin thedrills.Allthedrillsinthispartaredesignedtohelpstudentsunderstandtheright situationwherethetargetgrammarcanbeusedandapplied. 7.ABriefCognitiveChartofLessonPlan
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 Input Warmupactivity explicitinstruction meaningfocuseddrillsandactivities (Inductive) (Deductive) InformationProcessing Shorttermmemory Longtermmemory retrieval Output AssessmentPart: Quiz I.Makesentencesthatcanbeappliedtothefollowingsettings. Givingawarning:_______________________________________ Givingadvice:__________________________________________ Makingpromises:_______________________________________ Statingadvantages/disadvantages:_________________________ _________________________ II. Finding errors: Most of the sentences have an error in form, meaning, or use. Findeacherrorandcorrectit. 1.Whenhellgetaletter,hellbehappy. 2.IfIwillpressthebutton,themachinewillstart. 3.IfCarolineandSuepreparethesalad,Phildecoratesthehouse. 4.JanewillhoverthesittingroomifAaronandTimwillmovethefurniture. 5.Ifyoudontpayyourtaxes,yougetintotrouble. 6.Ifyoudonttakeacar,youarenotabletogetthereontime. III. Fill in the blanks with correct form of verbs in parentheses, use negation if

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necessary. 1.Ifyoudon'tdriveyourbusinessyou(be)_____drivenoutofbusiness. 2.We______ (toswim)iftheweather_____(tobe)bad. 3.Ifhe_______ (tohave)atemperature,he______ (tosee)thedoctor. 4.I_____(tobe)veryhappyifmyfriends______ (tocome). 5.IfI______ (toearn)alotofmoney,I_______(tofly)toNewYork. 6.Ifwe______ (tocome)homeintime,we_______ (tomiss)thefilm. 7.Theteacher______ (tobe)happyifI_______ (toforget)myhomeworkagain. 8.Ifourclass______ (togo)toEngland,I______ (tovisit)theTowerofLondon. IV.Completethesentenceslogicallyandgrammatically 1.Ifyou______________,thecarwillmove. 2.If_________________,Illgotothefootballgame. 3.Iftheteachercancelsclasstomorrow,________________. 4.If___________________,youwillspendalotofmoney. 5.Ifthecomputerrestartsagain,____________________. 6.If__________________________________,youllslip. 7.If_____________________,youllgetarrested. 8.If____________________,youwontmissit. V.RewritefollowingsentencesusingIFclause. 1.Takegarbageoutoftheroomanditwillbetidy. 2.Dontyellatherandshewontyellback. 3.GotoanEnglishpartyandyouwillhavefun. 4.Cometovisitmeandyouwillhavedeliciousfood. 5.Dontstayuplateandyouwontbeabletogetupinthemorning. Homework A.ReviewofConditionalSentencesType1 a)Form ifClause ExpectedResult Ifyouhelpme, Illhelpyou. Ifyoudonthelpme, Iwonthelpyou. Ifyoucantpasstests, Iwonthireyou. Ifyousmokealot, youwillgetsick. Or, ExpectedResult ifClause Illhelpyou ifyouhelpme. Iwonthelpyou ifyoudonthelpme. Iwonthireyou ifyoucantpasstests.

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Youwillgetsick ifyousmokealot. b)Meaning&Use If conditional sentences type 1 are also called real if sentences, which describe possible present or future conditions and their expected future results. They are frequentlyusedinthefollowingsettings. Warnings:Ifyou smoke,youll damageyour lungs. Advice:Ifyou drinkhotteawithhoney, youll feelbetter. Promises:IfIwintheelection,Iwontraisetaxes. Advantages:Ifyou movetothatapartment,youll haveagarage. Disadvantages:Ifyou movetothathouse,youll havehigherutility bills. B.Consolidationdrills I.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformoftheverbintheparentheses. Example:Ifitrains,Iwillstay(stay)home. 1.Ifyou________(go)toEurope,you_______(have)fun. 2. He __________ (see) the Queen's guards if he ________ (go) to Buckingham Palace. 3.We__________(notgo)onapicnicifitrains. 4.Ifshe_____(notlike)spicyfood,she________(notcook)chili. II.Changethefollowingsentencestonegativeconditionsandresults. Example:IfSusanlikesskiing,she'llgotoColorado. ________________________________________________ 1.Ifyoueatvegetables,youllhaveabalanceddiet. ________________________________________________ 2.IfJohnvisitsEngland,he'llvisitLondon. ________________________________________________ 3.Ifit'ssunny,I'llwearmysunglasses. ________________________________________________ 4.IfJacklikesdancing,he'llgotothedancepartythisevening. ________________________________________________ III.Completethefollowingsentenceswithanappropriateresultorifclause. Examples: Ifmyfriendscometomyhouse,____________________. IcangoshoppingtoMarketPlace____________________. 1.IfIhavetime,____________________. 2.Imightmissmyclassmatesandmyteachers____________________. 3.I'llgotomycountry____________________. 4.I'llmakedeliciousfood____________________. IV.Talkwithyour partnerandthenwriteashortparagraphdescribingwhatyou will

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see or do if you visit your partner's hometown/country. Use ifclauses and result clausesinyour paragraph.Example: IfIgotoBeijing,China,Iwillseeoneofthesevenwondersintheworld,TheGreat Wall.IwillhaveachancetoclimbandwalkalongthewallifIlike.Iwillalsoenjoy varioustypicalBeijingsnacksifIgotoWangFujinStreet. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

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