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Preliminaries: from previous section, you had,

[13.1] dN = 2deg

number of electrons in n th g n (r, k , t ) 3 1 d r d 3k = + O1 = ( ) 3 3 3 (2 ) +1 band at time t in d r d k e

(1.1)

And, the relaxation-time approximation is encapsulated as, the relaxation-time equilibrium dt 0 [13.3] dg n (r, k , t ) Pr(collision [t , t + dt ]) distribution = g n (r, k ); (1.2) approximation n Also: Liouvilles theorem from appendix H, that, rn (t ) i1 [rn (t ), H ] + p H volume element in rp-space is (r, p) Jacobian of = = 1 same as vol. element in rk -space ; (1.3) (r, k ) canonical coords k n (t ) i1 [k n (t ), H ] r H

Hydrodynamic analogy, and a collision-probability-laden-state-space: Let a probability of collision be associated with every volume-element in phase-space. Now: consider that rn (t ) d 3 r d 3 k and k n (t ) d 3 r d 3 k , the solutions to rn (t ) i1 [rn (t ), H ] and k n (t ) i1 [k n (t ), H ] (which are semiclassical) with the initial conditions rn (t ) = r and k n (t ) = k . As indicated, they are in the phase-space-volume-element
d 6V d 3 r d 3 k . Using (1.1), we compute dN , the number of electrons emerging from the collisions that happen in the phase-space-coordinate as, 0 relaxation time approximation g (r (t ), k n (t ), t ) 3 g n (rn (t ), k n (t ), t ) dt dN = dN = n n d r d 3k d 3r d 3k 3 3 4 4 n (rn (t ), k n (t )) (1.4) t 0 d 3r d 3k d 3r d 3 k g n (rn (t ), k n (t ), t ) dN (t ) = [ Pn (r, k , t; t )] dt [ g n (r, k , t )] 4 3 n (rn (t ), k n (t )) 4 3

Thus, we have an expression for the non-equilibrium distribution function, from which we can eliminate all mention of the canonical coordinates, and just consider time-dependence,

g n (r, k , t ) =

t 0 g n (rn (t ), k n (t ), t ) dt dt d Pn (r, k , t; t )dt = g (t ) = g 0 (t ) P(t; t ) ; dt = [ operator ] ; (1.5) n (rn (t ), k n (t )) (t ) (t ) dt t

With the operator approximation shown in (1.5), we can integrate by parts and write, t t t dt dP(t , t ) dg 0 (t ) 0 0 ) ) = g 0 (t )dt ) g (t ) = g (t P(t , t = g (t P (t , t )dt (t ) dt dt We compute the derivative
dg 0 ( t ) dt

(1.6)

for the g 0 (t ) = g 0 ( n (k n (t )), T (rn (t ), (rn (t ))) functional-dependence, (1.7)

dg 0 (t ) dg 0 d n dkn dg 0 dT drn dg 0 d drn df T = + + =( )v (eE ( ) ); dt d n dk dt dT dr dt d dr dt d T Finally: putting (1.7) into (1.6), we finally compute the nonequilibrium distribution function as, g (t ) = g 0 (t )

( d )v (eE

df

( )

T ) P (t , t )dt T

(1.8)

Collision probability as an integral-equation: In (1.5), we can compute the collision-probability as,

fraction of e- band n dt P(t , t ) = = dP (1 Pr(collision [t , t + dt ]) ) = P(t , t + dt )(1 (t ) ) having no collision [t,t]


( t Invoking the definition of a derivative f tt ,t ) lim t 0 f ( t ,t+t ) , the (1.9) is equivalent to, t P(t , t ) P(t , t ) 1 = P(t , t ) = exp( dt ) t (t ) t (t )

(1.9)

(1.10)

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