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reaction
Products
formation enthalpy of products
formation Elements
formation
Example 1 Calculate the enthalpy change for the reduction of Fe 2O3 by Cu to form Fe and CuO
Fe2O3 + 3Cu
reaction
2Fe + 3CuO
formation (Fe O )
2 3
3 x formation (CuO)
3 x -157.3 kJ mol -1
-824.2 kJ mol -1
Elements
iron, oxygen, copper
reaction
+824.2 + 3 x -157.3
= + 352.3 kJ mol-1
reaction
Products combustion
Combusted products
Example 2 Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction of carbon with hydrogen to form C 2H2. What kind of enthalpy change is this?
combustion (C) = - 394 kJ mol-1 combustion (H2) = - 286 kJ mol-1 combustion (C2H2) = -1300 kJ mol-1
2C + H2
reaction combustion
mol-1 mol -1 -1300 kJ mol -1
C2H2
combustion
2 x -394 kJ -286 kJ
Combusted products
carbon dioxide and water
reaction
+1300
Example 3 Calculate the enthalpy change for the change from white tin to grey tin.
reaction
Sn (grey)
combustion
- 581.0 kJ mol -1
combustion
- 583.5 kJ mol -1
Combusted products
SnO2
reaction
=
=
+ 583.5
Example 4 Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction of ethene with water to form ethanol
formation (ethene) = + 52 kJ mol -1 formation (water) = - 286 kJ mol-1 formation (ethanol) = - 278 kJ mol -1 CH2=CH2 + H2O
reaction
and H2O)
C2H5OH
2 5
formation (C H OH)
-278 kJ mol-1
Elements
reaction
-278
= - 44 kJ mol-1
Unbonded atoms
heat required to break all bonds of starting materials heat required to break all bonds of products
Unbonded atoms
bond
1 x C=C 4 x C-H 2 x O-H 1 x 612 kJ mol-1 4 x 413 kJ mol-1 2 x 463 kJ mol-1 1 x C-C 5 x C-H 1 x C-O 1 x O-H
bond
1 x 348 kJ mol-1 5 x 413 kJ mol-1 1 x 360 kJ mol-1 1 x 463 kJ mol-1
H H3C C O H H
CH2=CH2 + H2O
reaction
-46 kJ mol-1