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petroleum terminology glossary compiled by mary mixon

After a seemingly never-ending and fruitless search for a useful oil and gas glossary on the Internet, a visitor, Mary Mixon, graciously submitted the wordlist she compiled over many years of reporting in the Southeastern United States. If you have a wordlist you feel would be helpful to other reporters and don't mind sharing it with the rest of the world, please attach it to an email and send it to webmaster@depoman.com. alpha search A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z

A AAODC - American Association of Oilwell Contractors AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists A.D. - assistant driller AFE - authorization for expenditure AIPG - American Institute of Professional Geologists AIMME - American Association of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers API - American Petroleum Institute API Environmental Biology Committee API Soil & Groundwater Technical Task Force API VADSAT model (software) ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASSE - American Society of Safety Engineers abandon - to cease producing oil and gas from a well absolute permeability - measure of the ability of a single fluid such as water, gas or oil to flow through rock formation accumulator drum

acetic acid acidic - relating to acid achromatic acidation acrid fracture - to part or open fractures acidize - to treat oil-bearing limestone Ad Hoc Subcommittee for Naturally Occurring Low Level Radioactive Material Red Adair Company adiabatic - refers to change in which there is no gain or Ioss of heat adjustable choke - choke used to vary flow aggregate air-actuated - powered by compressed air air drilling - drilling with compressed air air hoist ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable alkyl lead Alyeska Pipeline Service Company - built Trans-Alaska Pipeline AMI - area of mutual interest AMIA - area of mutual interest agreement American Petrofina Amoco Exploration & Production Company angle of deflection - angle expressed in degrees annular blowout preventer - large valve annular space - space surrounding cylindrical object within a cylinder annulus - space between casing and wall of wellbore anomoly, anomolous anticline, anticlinal - arched, inverted trough configuration apomecometer - surveying instrument aquifier ARAMCO - Arab-American Oil Company arc welding ARCO - Atlantic Richfield Company areal - area ARIES - software Aruba - island off Venezuela Ashland Oil Company asphaltic pyrobitumens - harder and more infusible than asphaltites asphaltites - hard, solid hydrocarbons associated reservoir - gas is present in association with oil & vice versa Atomic Energy Control Board attrited Atwater B BEIR report - Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation report BEIR I, II, III, IV, V BFPB - barrels of fluids per day B.P. Environmental Journal BS&W - basic sediment and water Btu - British thermal unit BWTR - brine water babbit back off - unscrew one threaded piece back up - hold one section while another is screwed into or out of it

bail - cylindrical steel bar bailer - cylindrical container bailing line - cable Baker packer Baker Hughes Drilling Company balance plug barite - barium sulfate {BaSO} Barite - the company that makes it barium sulfate - chemical combination of barium, sulfur and oxygen barium strontium sulfate Baroid Petroleum Services Division NL Basic Chemicals Technology Center basket sub - a fishing accessory run above a bit or mill to recover metal or junk in a well Bass Enterprises, Bass Enterprises Production Company bed - layer of earth or rock belt - flexible band or cord bentonite - clay soil Bentonite - a gel chemical Billy Pugh basket, Billy Pugh net bit - cutting tool bit breaker - heavy plate that fits in rotary table and holds drill bit bit record - a report on each bit bitt - fixture on a boat bitumen - hydrocarbons of pyrogenous origin blackjack blind ram - part of blowout preventer block - an assembly of pulleys block outline map blooey line - discharge pipe blowout - uncontrolled flow of gas, oil or other well fluids Bohr theory BOP - blowout preventer - valve installed at wellhead to prevent escape of pressure boll-weevil - inexperienced rig worker bomb - thick-walled container to hold samples of oil or gas boomer - transient oilfield worker borehole - the wellbore bottomhole - lowest part of well bottomhole choke - device with restricted opening to control rate of flow box - female section of a tool joint Boyle's law Bradenhead technique brake - device for arresting the motion of a mechanism break out - unscrew one section of pipe from another breakout cathead - device attached to shaft of drawworks breakout tongs - tongs used to unscrew one section of pipe from another bridge plugs bring in a well - complete a well broaching tool 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene bronc - new driller recently promoted from helper Bruening bearings buck up - tighten up a threaded connection bullet perforator - tubular device bullheading - pumping fluids down annular space bullplug, bullplugged, bullplugging bull wagon

bull wheel - wooden spool BULLWINKLE (Shell Oil rig) bunker C fuel oil C CMC - sodium carboxymethycellulose C.P. - casing point CWI - carried working interest CWIFN cable - rope of wire, hemp or other strong fibers cable-tool drilling - drilling method caisson calcium bromide, calcium chloride caliper logging - operation to determine diameter of wellbore camlock cantilever beam cap rock - impermeable rock overlying oil or gas reservoir cased - pertaining to a wellbore in which casing is run and cemented cased hole - wellbore in which casing has been run casing - steel pipe placed in well as drilling progresses casing centralizer - device secured around casing to center it in hole casing coupling - tubular section of pipe casinghead - heavy flanged fitting casing potential log casing shoe - guide shoe casing string - entire length of all joints of casing casing tube annulus cat cracker catalytic light ends catalytic heavy ends catch samples - obtain cuttings for geological information catalytic light ends; heavy ends cathead - spool-shaped attachment on a winch cathode, cathodic catline - hoisting line powered by cathead catwalk - a place to walk caving - collapse of walls of wellbore, also called sloughing cellar - pit in the ground to provide height between rig floor and wellhead cement bond logs cement casing - fill annulus between casing and hole with cement cement squeeze chain drive - power system chain tongs - tool for turning pipe or fittings chamfer - tapered or conical end of threaded pipe or coupling cheater bar cheater pipe check valve - valve that permits flow in one direction Chevron U.S.A., Inc. Chiksan rack Chiksan (Division of FMC Corporation) choke - restricts flow choke line - extension of pipe from blowout preventer choke manifold - arrangement of piping and valves Christmas tree - control valves, pressure gauges and chokes circulation - movement of drilling fluid

CITGO Petroleum {formerly Cities Service} Citronelle aquifer Class I, II, III, IV, V injection wells clinometer - instrument for measuring angles of elevation (see Inclinometer) coal bed methane coalesce - gravity separation of gas or immiscible liquid Cockfield formation combination string - casing string come out of the hole - pull drill stem out of wellbore compaction company man - company representative on the rig compensator cylinder conduction coning continental shelf contract depth - depth of wellbore at which drilling contract is fulfilled convection Cook Mountain limestone core - cylindrical sample taken for geological analysis core barrel - tubular device to cut a core sample Coulomb's law cross-thread crown block - sheaves or pulleys Cudd Pressure Control, Inc. Cullender Smith cusping D D&A - dry and abandoned DC - drill collar DD&A - depreciation, depletion & amortization DDR - daily drilling report DMR - discharge monitoring report DNR - Department of Natural Resources DOPP - Drilling Operations Printer Plots DRH - Department of Radiological Health DRILOP - Drilling Optimization report DRODB - (pronounced "drob") Drilling, Recompletion, and Repair Operations Data Base DST - drill stem test daily sidetrack report darcy - unit of permeability daughter products daughters of radon decay deadline - drilling line from crown block sheave to anchor deadline tie-down anchor - device to which deadline is attached deadman - buried anchor Decca degasser - equipment used to remove gas from liquid deliverability test density - mass or weight of a substance density log depletion drive mechanism depletion drive reservoir derrick - large load-bearing structure derrickhand

derrickman - crew member who handles upper end of drill stem desander - centrifugal device for removing sand from drilling fluid descaling tubulars desilter - device for removing very fine particles from drilling fluid desulfurization deviated hole Dhahran, Saudi Arabia diamond bit - drilling bit surfaced with industrial diamonds 1,2-dichloroethane dielectric logging dipmeter - log from which formation dip magnitude and azimuth can be determined directional drilling - intentional deviation of wellbore from vertical doghouse - small enclosure on rig floor used as an office dogleg - sharp change in direction dolphin deck - deck on a rig doodlebug - seismograph used in prospecting for potential oil-bearing structures double board - working platform of the derrickman downdip limits downgradient downhole drawworks - hoisting mechanism Dresser Industries (Magcobar) drill bit - cutting or boring tool drill collar - heavy steel tube used between drill pipe and bit drill floor driller - employee directly in charge of drilling rig and crew driller's panel drill string dump bailers duster - a dry well Dutchman - portion of screw left after head has been twisted off Dyna-Drill - downhole motor dynamometer E EDP - electronic data processing EL&P - exploration, land & production ENSCO - Energy Services Company, Inc. EOR - enhanced oil recovery - secondary recovery E&P - exploration and production ERE - employee road expense ER&E - Exxon Research & Engineering Company effluent - flowing out electric well log - record of electrical characteristics of formations electrodynamic brake - device mounted on the end of drawworks electromotive force eluvial deposit - loose material erg - unit of energy Escataupa Everdingen exploitation - use or utilization Exploration Employment Service, Inc. Exxon Corporation Exxon Company USA Exxon Research & Engineering Company

F FDC - future development costs FDCNL - formation density/compensation neutron log FMWTR - formation water Fairbanks-Morse fastline - end of a drilling line affixed to drawworks fault - break in subsurface strata C. H. Fenstermaker & Associates, Inc. (land surveyors) fill the hole - to pump drilling fluid into wellbore filter cake - compacted solid or semisolid material fines - crushed ore, sand fingerboard - rack that supports tops of strands of pipe firebox fish - object left in wellbore during drilling operation fishing tool - tool designed to recover equipment lost in well flange face spacer flapper flash butt welding flashover flashout float collar - coupling device flocculation - abnormal thickening of drilling fluid floorhand, floorman - drilling crew member Flores & Rucks (now Ocean Energy) flow line flowmeter flow stand flue gas Fluor Drilling Services, Inc. fluorides foot-pound - unit of energy in gravitational system force majeure - take or pay formation fines formation fluids formout fourble board - working platform of derrickman frac tank (fracture) Freeport-McMoRan, Inc. fresh water (n.) freshwater (adj.) Furuno FVHDM - a valve G GC - ground contamination GI - gas injection GL - gas lift GOR - gas/oil ratio GPC - gas purchase contract galvanometer gamma ray log gas-bearing sand

gas-lift mandrels Geiger-Muller - Geiger counter Geolograph - patented device referred to as "tattletale" geomorphology geophone - in seismology, a sensor which picks up acoustical waves geopressure geothermal girth weld go-jo (brand name, hand cleaner) Goliad Corporation (Div. of Mobil Oil Co.) guide shoe - section of steel filled with concrete Greenhill Petroleum Corporation gun-perforate - create holes in casing H Hcl - hydrogen chloride gas (l is lowercase L) HPLC - high pressure liquid chromatography Halliburton Company Handbook 45 Harnischfeger Hassie Hunt Exploration Company Hattiesburg aquifer headache - cry of warning of falling objects heater-treater bottoms heater-treater hay heavy ends Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (Werner Heisenberg) heliarc (welding) heliport deck Hercules Offshore Corporation Rig HERCULES 25 1-hexane Hitachi Kokubu Hitachi, Ltd. honey oil Hosston, Paluxy and Rodessa formations hotshot - carrying radioactive material Hydrafrac - trade name of operation whereby formations are fractured by hydraulic pressure hydrazine - rocket fuel Hydril Company (Houston) hydril - drilling mud hydrocarbon-bearing (adj.) hydrocarbons hydrofiners hydrogeology, hydrogeological hydromatic brake - braking device hydrostatic hydrotest I IADC - International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC - daily activity report

IAODC - daily activity report I.D. - inside diameter IPAA - Independent Petroleum Association of America impermeable, impermeability impound basins impressed currents - installed to reduce corrosion Inclinometer - trade name of instrument used to determine vertical orientation (see clinometer)(inclinometer) infill drilling inflow Ingalls Shipyard, Pascagoula, MS. insolubility International Logistics, Inc. International Lubricant Corporation ionize, ionizing isopach map isotope J JIB - joint interest billable jack bar jackup drilling rig - rig with legs that adjust up and down Jayred Oil & Gas Company jet-perforate - create a hole through casing with charge of explosives Johnston-Macco-Flopetrol joint - about 30 feet of pipe jug - geophones jug hustler - helper on seismic crew who puts geophones in place junk - debris lost in a hole Justiss-Mears K KATCO, Inc. Kazakhstan kelly - heavy steel member suspended through rotary table kelly bushing - transmits torque to kelly kelly spinner - causes kelly to spin kick - entry of water, gas, oil or other fluid into wellbore kinetic energy koomey fluid L LACT - lease automatic custody transfer - automatic unattended system to transfer oil and gas from a lease LACT unit - automated system for measuring oil LAMOGA - Louisiana/Mid-Continent Oil & Gas Association LC - lower concentration LSA - low specific gravity landfarm, landfarmed, landfarming lead tongs - also called breakout tongs leadoff

light ends line log liquefaction liquefy, liquefied Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory log - recording of data logging sonde Lo-NOx burners Louisiana Mineral Code (book) Louisiana Mud Company Lower Sparta formation Lower Tuscaloosa formation Lower Wilcox formation M M.C. panel (master control) MCA acid Mcf - 1000 cubic feet MEMA - Mississippi Energy Management Agency MIG, mig - metal-inert gas welding MIT - mechanical integrity test MLP - master limited partnership MMS - Minerals Management Service MOGA - Mid-Continent Oil & Gas Association MSA - Mine Safety Act MSD - Memorandum of Significant Decisions MWD - measurement while drilling Magcobar-Dresser International magnetic brake - electrodynamic brake make a trip - hoist drill stem out of wellbore make hole - deepen the hole made by the bit make up - assemble and join parts man-hours mandrels Manitowoc marsh buggy Marsh Buggies, Inc. Mayronne Drilling Mud The Mayronne Company medevac helicopter Milpark Drilling Fluids (Houma) Miocene (sand) geology miscible flood - pumping carbon dioxide into formation to mix with trapped oil monkeyboard - derrickman's working position Moorall Oil & Gas motorman - crew member Mount Airy Refinery mousehole - opening through rig floor mud buggies mud gun - pipe that shoots jet of drilling mud under high pressure mud logging - recording of information mud man - mud engineer Murchison Drilling Schools N

N 2 - nitrogen NDT - net dry ton NGVD - National Geodetic Vertical Datum NL Baroid Logging Systems NL Baroid/NL Industries, Inc. NL McCullough NL McCullough/NL Industries, Inc. (Now Western Atlas) Nacco-Schlumberger C.E. NATCO needle valve - valve that incorporates needle-point disk to produce regulation of flow nipple - tubular pipe fitting threaded on both ends nipple chaser - man tho delivers tools and equipment nipple up - assemble BOP stack on wellhead nomograph - alignment chart O OCS - outer continental shelf OCS-G ### (Outer Continental Shelf, Gulf, then lease #) ODECO - Ocean Drilling & Exploration Company OGB - Oil & Gas Board OGTI, Inc. OIM - Operations Installation Manager, a/k/a toolpusher OPCO - operating company OPEC - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPIS - Oil Price Information Service Occidental Oil & Gas Corporation Ocean Energy, Inc. (formerly Flores & Rucks) Offshore General, Inc. Offshore Logistics ohmmeter Ohm's law Oil-Dri (brandname) oilfield (adj.) oil field (n.) Oil Patch oil well open hole - wellbore in which casing has not been set open-hole log overshot - fishing tool attached to tubing and lowered over outside wall of pipe lost OXY USA, Inc. P P&A - plug and abandon PAF - professional accounting fellow PBTD - plug back total depth PEC - Petroleum Education Council PERF - Petroleum Environmental Research Forum P.I. - Petroleum Information P.O.B. reports (personnel on board) POOH - pulling out of hole P.R.E. - Petroleum Refining Engineer (degree)

PUD - proved undeveloped PUP - pickup joints PVT - pressure-volume-temperature packer paleontology - branch of geology that studies fossils Paluxy formation partial water drive pay zone - reservoir, rock where oil and gas found Pennzoil Perfco Wireline perforate - pierce casing wall to provide holes perforating gun - device used to create penetrating holes permeability - measure of ability of fluids to flow through porous rock petra solidus - Latin for rock hard Petra Solidus - company in California Petro-Marine Engineering, Inc. Petrol Marine, Inc. petrotographypetrophysical Phillips Petroleum Company Pielstick engine piezometer - gauge used for determination of water table elevation piezometer data - measure of pressure or compressibility, water table elevation pig - device for carrying radioactive material (smart pig) pin - male section of tool joint pipe fitter pipe fitting, pipefitting pipeline (n.) pipe ram - sealing component for BOP plugback depth pore - opening or space within rock or mass of rocks pore volume porosity potentiometric surface - water level of a well potentiometric titration pressure gradient - scale of pressure differences pressure relief valve - relieves excessive pressure prime mover - internal-combustion engine that is source of power Production Operations - book by Uren prog (progress) proj (projected) PROJ TD (projected total depth) proppant - propping agent propping agent - sand grains or aluminum pellets protension recompletion psi - pounds per square inch Billy Pugh basket, Billy Pugh net Pugh clause Q quartzose sandstone quebracho - South American tree, name means "axe breaker," used for thinning agent R RBP - retrievable bridge plus

RSMD - resumed RSPA - Research & Special Programs Administration RIH - run in hole RTTS - retrievable test treater squeeze racker - bottom racker, top racker radioactive tracer survey radioactive well logging - recording of natural or induced radioactive characteristics ram - closing and sealing component on a BOP rathole - hole in the rig floor for kelly and swivel Raymond Offshore Constructors, Inc. reave - break or tear apart Red Adair Company reeve - pass end of rope through hole or opening remanents of sand Report of Occupational Injury & Illness rig down - dismantle drilling rig Rig ROWAN PARIS Rowan Companies, Inc. Rowan Drilling Company rigout (n.) rigup (n.) rig up - prepare drilling rig for making hole riprap - boards Rodessa formation roller cone bit - drilling bit made of two, three or four cones rotary table - principal component of rotary roughneck - rotary helper, also floorman or rig crewman round trip - action of pulling out and running back in the hole roustabout - worker who handles equipment and supplies run in - to go into the hole Ryder-Scott S SAFE - Safety Award for Excellence SCSSV - safety valve SP deflection - spontaneous potential curve SPE - Society of Petroleum Engineers Sq - squeeze ST - sidetrack STOP - Safety Training Observation Program (DuPont course) SWD - saltwater disposal Salathe Oil Company, Inc. salt water (n.) saltwater (adj.) Samedan Oil Corporation sand and fines sandfrac - injection of jellied oil and graded sand into formation scale inhibition technology The Schlumberger Companies scratcher - device fastened to outside of casing that removes mud cake from wall of hole Scurlock Oil (Houston) seismograph - detects reflections of vibration of the earth semisubmersible drilling rig - floating rig setback floor set casing - cement casing at a certain depth

settling pit - mud pit shaker - shale shaker shaker hand S.S. - shale shaker, series of trays with sieves that vibrate shear ram - components of BOP that cut or shear through drill pipe sheave - grooved pulley shot point map shut-in bottomhole pressure - pressure at bottom of well sidetrack report - portion of well is redrilled, sidetrack slickline - wireline slips - used to prevent pipe from slipping sludge slurry - mixture of cement and water Smackover formation smart pig - scrapes iron oxide scales from inside pipe SmithKline Beecham, Inc. (lab) snub sonic log sonde - tool used in electric logging sour crude - oil containing large amount of sulfur Sparta aquifer Sparta formation Sparta sand spinning cathead - spooling attachment on makeup cathead spud - move drill stem up and down squeegee - T-shaped tool for cleaning windows (see suegee) squeeze manifold stab - guide end of pipe into a coupling or tool joint stabbing board - temporary platform standpipe - vertical pipe Stanolin Oil & Gas Company (now Amoco) step rate test - determine frac pressure stinger - keeps pipe from bending Stork Werkspoor strata, stratum stratification - layering characteristics of sedimentary rocks stratigraphy striation string - entire length of casing, tubing or drill pipe run into a hole string up - thread drilling line through sheaves of crown block stull - platform laid on timbers submersible drilling rig - offshore rig that is flooded and submerged suction pit - mud pit from which mud is picked up by suction of mud pumps suegee - to swab a deck, also suegee- wugee, sujii-wujii surge pond swab unit swage - short piece of pipe with one end smaller than the other sweet crude - oil containing little or no sulfur syncline - downwarped, trough-shaped configuration of stratified rocks T II-D - disposal well II-R - enhanced recovery, secondary recovery TA - temporarily abandon TAd - temporarily abandoned

TCU - Thornhill-Craver unit TD - total depth TDT - thermal decay time logs TIG, tig - tungsten-inert gas welding TIPRO - Texas Independent Producers & Royalty Owners Association TIW valve - Texas Iron Works valve TMA Eberline Analytical, Inc. TMOGA - Texas/Mid-Continent Oil & Gas Association TOA - time of accident TRDP - downhole valve tack welding tag line Team Service, Inc. Teledyne Exploration Company Teledyne Meria Corporation Teledyne Movible Offshore, Inc. Texas deck Texaco Inc. (no comma) theodolite - surveying instrument thribble board - monkeyboard Timbalier tongs - large wrenches used for turning when making up or breaking out drill pipe Tonkawa toolbox tool hand toolpusher - employee of drilling contractor who is in charge of drilling crew, a/k/a OIM, Operations Installation Manager tour - (pronounced "tower") 8-hour shift or 12-hour shift Trans-Alaska Pipeline TransAmerican Refining Corporation (Good Hope Refinery) traveling block - arrangement of pulleys or sheaves treater hay tricone bit - bit with three cone-shaped cutting devices tubing anchor Tuscaloosa aquifer Tuscaloosa reservoir Tuscaloosa trend, sand turbodrill - drilling tool turnkey contract U UIC injection well UNOCAL - Union Oil Company of California USDW - underground source of drinking water USGS - U.S. Geological Survey United Arab Emirates updip upgradient U-tubing Upper Tuscaloosa formation Upper Wilcox formation upperlying strata V

V.R. plug - valve release vadose zone - found above water table, wandering water Varsol - Exxon product vee packing V-door - window, an opening in side of derrick veeder route counter velocity set valve venturi inlet pressure Vierendeel trusses Visqueen (plastic) voltammeter vug - cavity in a rock W WAG - water alternating with gas WATSTOR - software WOC - waiting on cement water-drive reservoir waterflood, waterflooding weep hole weevil - green hand Welex wellbore - borehole, hole drilled by the bit wellhead - equipment installed at surface of wellbore well logging - recording of information wellsite Welltech, Inc. Wheless Industries, Inc. whipstock - long, steel casing to deflect bit widow maker Wilcox formation Wilcox sand wildcat - well drilled where no oil or gas production exists Williams-McWilliams wireline - small slender rodlike piece of metal workover rig - a rig that is restored worm - new, inexperienced worker X-Y-Z Zapata Gulf Marine Corporation