How' to field,.

weld piping
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~ a i n t e n a n c esupervisor, here is d' sirhple procedure for welding ferrous and nickel alloy process piping. Use the tables pre,sented to find proper electrodes,

R16.25 is an adequate joint gesign. An open root gap is

used for most welds, but cvnsumablc inserts are being used more frequently for hi$h quality welding of alloy piping. Field welding is more diffici [It than shop welding. When 1 in the shop, positioners and *?tomatic equipment may be used and working conditions Lre controllable. Field welds are usually made manually ip a fixed position, and v e q often under restraint and adverse environmental conditions. O u r company has compiled in a tabular form welding procedures for ferrous and nic;kel alloy process piping that JI meets code requirements. Thls material should be helpful to maintenance supervisors in the process industries. Elcctrodes, filler wires and required thermal treatments for welding various pipe materials are listed in Tables 1-4. Special requirements are inclllrded in the following notes.

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filler wires and required thermal : ,:treatments for various materials

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A. J. Williams and M. 0. Malone, C F Rraun & Co., All~ambra, Calif.

F IEL D WELDING procedures must he simple to minimize the effects of welding variables. Welding is best accomplished utilizing two basic processes. These are shielded metal arc welding with coated electrodes, and gas tungsten arc welding with bare filler wire: Processes such as gas metal arc welding and flux cored arc welding have only limited ficld appccations, although they are i s e d extcnsively for s h o l ~ fabrication where the welding can be done in the flat downhand position. T h e standard 37vz-degree bevel specified in ANSI
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TABLE1"'

GUIDELINES Use Table 1 or 2 to obtain a welding material and thermal treatment reference. Use this reference to obtain the proper welding material and thermal treatment frgm Tables 2 and 3. Table 3 lists both coated electrodes for use with the

TABLE 2"'

treatment i s required

HOW TO FIELD WELD PIPING

TABLE 3

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TABLE 4
THERMAL TREATMENT

TRBATMENT SYMBOLS

PREHEAT

POSTWELD HEAT TRIATMENT

A
0

Nona except Cdrbon Steal 50F Minimum 314" and over Over 1" 1 7 5 ' ~Min 1 150F 1 hrlin None rxceot 50 'F Minimum Over 112,, 1 7 5 ~ ~ 112" and over 1 150F 1 hrlin

2 0 0 ' ~Minimum

1 150F
l hrlin

.D
E

3 O * F Minimum

1 350JF
1 hrlin with

35b'~ Minimum

2 hr minimum 1350'~
1 hrlin with

2 hr minimum

F
G
H

I: 4 0 0 ' ~Minimum
I

1400'F

1'

!i 3WF Minimum

,' Plus post heat $1 500F lor hr 110)

I hrlin with 2 hr minimum 1350 F

1 hrlin with 2 hr minimum
None

In

W'F ~ n i m m

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< . ,* _!..

..

shielded metal arc process a n d bare wire for use with the gas tungsten a r c process. T h e welding materials are listed by ASXIE S F A specification designations. American Welding Socicty :\ specification numbers a r e the same ns the AShIE S F A specification numbers. T h e preheat a n d postweld lieat treatments included in Table 1 a r c in accordance with the requirernents of ASME Code Section 1, r\NSI B31.1 a n d ANSI B3 1.3.
NOTES

2. Material listings by P-niilnber groups are given in ASME Section IX, T a b l e QW-422. 3. Sealwelds of threaded'ljoints a n d socket o r filler welds I in piping welded with qlectrode ni~rnber13 or 12 need n o postweld heat trdatmcnt. Preheat recluireiiicrits mus; be observed ( A N S I B-31.3 paragraph 331.3.6
(C).).
4. Butt welds in pipe a n d tubes of these materials need

I. In Tables I a n d 2, the bos oppositc the two materials to be joined contains n wcldil~gmaterial numbcr and n thermal treatment letter. Tables 3 a n d 4 providc the required information.

no postweld lieat treatment if the maximiim chromium content is 3 percent, the maximum nominal OD is : I inches, a maximum thickrless of f i incti, a mnximuni carbon content of 0.15 perccrit a n d n minimuln preheat of 300 F ( A S M E Section I P a r a g r a l ~ lPW-39 ~ a n d T a b l e 331.3.1 of ANSI B-3 1.3).

About the authors A. J . W ILLIAMS received Itis B.S. degree in melallttrgical engineering from the Universitv of Pittsbrtrgh. His experience in Welding-engineering totals 30 Vears a t Ford Motor Co., U.S. Steel nnd Buttelle. Mr. Williams preuentlv provides conszclting services for engineering ant1 field constnccfion as senior 1ue1din.q and meta.lltrrgicn1 engineeor at CF Braun & Co., Alhambra, Calif.'Mr. Williams i a v rensstered arofessional engineer and a . member of A W S and ~ s I ~ ; I .

5. Thcse welds are subject to a harclriess test after postweld heat treatment: I\.fasimuni Iinrdness r~crrrlittrrlis
6. These welds are subject to a tinrtlricss test alter postweld hcat treatment. A~laxin~urn Ii;~rdricssperlnitt(:d is 241 Brinell (r\NSI I 31.3 Riragrapti 331.3.2). 3 7. tVhcre I,-grade nlatcrinls (extra low carbon) are I)ei~ig joiried, the corresl~onrlingI,-,grade of ~vc.ldrotl11111st hc i~sed.
8. Special grades of E309 a n d E310 containing additions

M. 0. ]\~ALONEholds n B.S. degree in metall~trgicnl engineering from Lcl~iglt Univeisit~. Prior to joining CF B,rr~znr & Co., Allinmhra, Calif., he worked in petrolelitn, petroche,nicnl and shipbuilding ind1mtrie.3 with Exxon, Monrnnto Co. and Ingalls Shipb~tildingDivision of L i t t m Indt~stries. As lead of the Mat e r k l Engineering Scctio71, R e s e a r c l r Department, he is now involved in mn!erittl~ engineering, , n e t u l l ~ ~ rwelding. g~. NDE m e f l ~ o d s . ,Mr. Maionc is (L rcgisterad professional engineer and a member of ASM, N A C E and ASME.

of molybdenum and/or colurnbiuni o r with controllotl carbon rangc are nvnilable for wcldi~igccrtniri uliuslral combinations arid for ovcrl:iy tvcltling.

9. No ;\SblE specificatiori cxists for tl~escwires. However, the tcrms given arc acccpted I)y tlie \veltling il~dustry. 10. EVeld must be cooled tlsrvli to a t least 400' 1 I)etween ; postbent and I)~stlwcldl tle;it Irentii~eot to allow a111 rctnincd austcriitc to tr)rlst'orn~.
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I I . EKNi-3 (Sickel 61) is tungsten arc wcltling 11

A

prcferred filler wirc for gas

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